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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Patterns of intense physical activity among 15- to 30-year-old Finns (1996)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Scandinavian journal of medicine & science in sports 6 (1996), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-0838
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine , Sports Science
    Notes: Previous studies have reported increasing trends in physical activity in the Finnish population. These reports have not, however, included the perspective of cardiorespiratory stress in adolecent and young adults. We examined the present patterns of physical activity among Finnish adolescents and young adults in 1992. We specifically assessed whether the young people experience the volume of physical activity that is believed to stress the cardiorespiratory system appropriately in order to increase the level of fitness. The subjects in the present study were participants of a large multicenter study of atherosclerosis precursors in children and young adults. Physical activity was measured with a self-administered questionnaire in 2255 adolescents and young adults (1015 males and 1240 females). The proportion of subjects undertaking the volume of physical activity believed to benefit the cardiorespiratory system appropriately was 19%. The proportion was higher in males than in females (26 vs. 13%). The proportion of active subjects became smaller in older age groups in both sexes. Half the study population (51% of the males; 48%) of the females) reported frequent leisure-time physical activity less than once a month. In conclusion, Finnish adolescents and young adults have low levels of physical activity on the average, and many young Finns seldom undertake the volume of physical activity believed to benefit the cardiopulmonary system. Young males seem to be physically more active than females.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0838.1996.tb00068.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    In vivo relationship between collagenase-2 and interleukin-8 but not tumour necrosis factor-α in chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyposis (2005)
    Oxford, UK : Munksgaard International Publishers
    Allergy 60 (2005), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1398-9995
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Background:  The characteristic feature of chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyposis (CRSwNP) is eosinophilic inflammation of the sinus mucosa; a type of inflammation also seen in asthmatic airways. Similar histopathologic findings of airway remodelling are present in both diseases. Remodelling is tightly controlled by matrix metalloproteinases (MMP). Increase of collagenase-2 (MMP-8) expression in the bronchial epithelial cells has been described in asthmatic patients, but it has not been studied in CRSwNP.Methods:  The concentrations and degree of activation of MMP-8 were analysed by immunofluorometric assay and Western blotting, respectively, in sinus mucus samples from CRSwNP patients and in nasal lavages from healthy controls in relation to inductive cytokines interleukin-8 (IL-8) and tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α).Results:  Significantly elevated levels of MMP-8 and IL-8 but not TNF-α were found in CRSwNP patients relative to controls. In particular, the activation of mesenchymal-type MMP-8 but not polymorphonuclear-type MMP-8 was associated with elevated IL-8 levels.Conclusions:  The IL-8 and MMP-8 seemingly form an inductive cytokine-proteinase cascade in CRSwNP pathogenesis. Together they provide a target for novel therapies and a diagnostic tool for monitoring CRSwNP treatment.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1398-9995.2005.00888.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Factors explaining the physical activity of young adults: the importance of early socialization (1999)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Scandinavian journal of medicine & science in sports 9 (1999), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-0838
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine , Sports Science
    Notes: As a part of the large project Cardiovascular Risk in Young Finns, the purpose of the present study was to examine how adult physical activity is influenced by early physical activity and current social and health-related factors. A total of 2411 children and adolescents aged 9, 12, 15 and 18 years were randomly selected from five university towns and their rural surroundings in 1980. They were followed up for 12 years by means of questionnaires. In 1992 they were 21, 24, 27 and 30 years old. The results showed that early physical activity and current social and health-related behaviours were significantly related to the level of adult physical activity. Multivariable analyses indicated that early physical activity, in particular, was the best predictor of adult physical activity in all groups, with the exception of the 21-year-old women. The social and health-related factors such as occupation, employment status and smoking also predicted physical activity in some age-gender groups.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0838.1999.tb00220.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    THE NUCLEAR STRUCTURE OF HEAVY-ACTINIDE AND TRANS ACTINIDE NUCLEI* (2004)
    Palo Alto, Calif. : Annual Reviews
    Annual Review of Nuclear and Particle Science 54 (2004), S. 175-215 
    Details
    ISSN: 0163-8998
    Source: Annual Reviews Electronic Back Volume Collection 1932-2001ff
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: One can extract unique information about the nuclear interaction from the study of the heaviest elements. They exist solely on the basis of quantum effects, which create a barrier against spontaneous fission. The important questions concern the end of the periodic table and the location of the next closed nucleon shells. Considerable progress was achieved during the past few years in structure studies in this region. This was made possible by the development of detector systems for decay and in-beam studies using recoil separators and heavy ion fusion reactions. We concentrate on these developments and on recent results from structure studies in the region from einsteinium to dubnium. We present recent data on the elements 110 (darmstadtium), 111, and 112, and discuss claims for the synthesis of even heavier elements. We discuss the implications of these studies for predicting the location of the next spherical shells and give a brief outlook on the future.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.nucl.53.041002.110332
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Double-blind group comparative study of 2% nedocromil sodium eye drops with 2% sodium cromoglycate and placebo eye drops in the treatment of seasonal allergic conjunctivitis (1992)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Clinical & experimental allergy 22 (1992), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2222
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: A 4 week, multicentre, double-blind, double dummy, placebo controlled group comparative study was carried out during the birch pollen season to compare the efficacy and tolerability of 2% nedocromil sodium eye drops (twice daily) and 2% sodium cromoglycate eye drops (four times daily). Participants with a history of seasonal allergic conjunctivitis (SAC) were randomized to receive nedocromil sodium (60), sodium cromoglycate (61) or placebo (64). Clinical assessment of SAC showed improvement with both active treatments compared to placebo but symptomatology was low and only changes in photophobia and grittiness reached significance (P 〈 0.05). Patient diaries showed significant control of itching by both active treatments, compared to placebo, with no differences between the active preparations. Patients’ opinions indicated a marked placebo effect: 73% of this group reported full or moderate control of symptoms, compared with 75% in sodium cromoglycate and 80% in the nedocromil sodium group. Unusual symptoms were most common (27 patients) with nedocromil sodium eye drops: P 〈 0.05 vs. placebo (15 patients). There were no serious adverse events. Nedocromil sodium eye drops (b.d.) and sodium cromoglycate eye drops (q.i.d.) were both considered clinically more effective than placebo in controlling symptoms of SAC due to birch pollen.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2222.1992.tb02066.x
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Intranasal exposure to a damp building mould, Stachybotrys chartarum, induces lung inflammation in mice by satratoxin-independent mechanisms (2003)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Clinical & experimental allergy 33 (2003), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2222
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Background Stachybotrys chartarum is a damp building mould and a potent toxin producer that has been related to serious cases of respiratory health problems. However, the direct link between exposure and health symptoms has not been established.Objective To examine the mechanism by which exposure to spores of satratoxin producing and non-producing S. chartarum strains induce inflammatory responses in murine lungs.Methods BALB/c mice were intranasally exposed for 3 weeks to spores of a satratoxin-producing and a non-producing S. chartarum strain. Inflammatory cell infiltration was characterized from bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid. Cytokine and chemokine mRNA expression in lung tissue was measured with real-time PCR. Bronchial responsiveness to methacholine (MCh) was determined by whole-body plethysmography and serum antibody levels by ELISA.Results A dose-dependent increase in monocytes, neutrophils and lymphocytes was observed in BAL fluid after intranasal (i.n.) instillation of S. chartarum spores. There was no difference in the BAL between exposure to the satratoxin-producing and the non-producing strains. Infiltration of inflammatory cells was associated with an induction of pro-inflammatory cytokine (IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α) and chemokine (CCL3/MIP-1α, CCL4/MIP-1β and CCL2/MCP-1) mRNA levels in the lungs. Interestingly, CXCL5/LIX was the only chemokine that showed significantly higher mRNA levels after exposure to the satratoxin-producing strain compared with the non-producing strain. MCh-induced bronchial responsiveness was not altered significantly after mould instillation. Moreover, no significant increase in total or specific IgE, IgG2a and IgG1 antibody levels were found after S. chartarum exposure.Conclusion These results indicate that lung inflammation induced by i.n. instillations of S. chartarum spores is regulated by the induction of pro-inflammatory cytokines and leucocyte-attracting chemokines. The data also imply that S. chartarum-derived components, other than satratoxins, are mediating the development of this inflammatory response.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2222.2003.01808.x
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Nuclear isomers in superheavy elements as stepping stones towards the island of stability (2006)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 442 (2006), S. 896-899 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] A long-standing prediction of nuclear models is the emergence of a region of long-lived, or even stable, superheavy elements beyond the actinides. These nuclei owe their enhanced stability to closed shells in the structure of both protons and neutrons. However, theoretical approaches to date do ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nature05069
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A triplet of differently shaped spin-zero states in the atomic nucleus 186 Pb (2000)
    [s.l.] : Macmillian Magazines Ltd.
    Nature 405 (2000), S. 430-433 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Understanding the fundamental excitations of many-fermion systems is of significant current interest. In atomic nuclei with even numbers of neutrons and protons, the low-lying excitation spectrum is generally formed by nucleon pair breaking and nuclear vibrations or rotations. However, for ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/35013012
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of freezing, freeze-drying and air-drying on odour of chive
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Food Quality and Preference 4 (1993), S. 105 
    Details
    ISSN: 0950-3293
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0950-3293(93)90422-3
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Changes in volatile compounds and odour characteristics in Arabica and Robusta coffees during storage
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Food Quality and Preference 4 (1993), S. 104-105 
    Details
    ISSN: 0950-3293
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0950-3293(93)90420-B
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