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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A high-current density and long lifetime ECR source for oxygen implanters : International conference on ion sources (1990)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 61 (1990), S. 253-255 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: A high-current ECR source has been developed for oxygen implanters for use in fabricating separation by implanted oxygen (SIMOX) substrates. The new source has the following features: (1) high-current density (150 mA/cm2) and large extracted current (more than 200 mA), (2) stable and long lifetime operation (more than 200 h), (3) high O+ ratio (more than 80%), and (4) low-divergence beam. The improved performance is obtained by incorporating the following: (1) Localized high-density plasma generation at the center of the plasma chamber. (2) A newly developed multilayer window to satisfy two requirements: efficient coupling of the microwave with high-density plasma and high resistance to high-speed backstream electrons. (3) Optimized combination of plasma chamber length and axial magnetic field distribution. (4) Sophisticated compact magnetic circuit that yields the optimum magnetic field for obtaining high-density plasma. An industrial-version ECR source was developed for production use on EATON NV-200 implanters. The source was installed on an NV-200 and used to implant oxygen ions to Si wafers. Good performance compared to a duopigatron source was obtained in terms of beam transport efficiency and reliability of source operation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1141311
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Evaluation of soft x-ray average recombination coefficient and average charge for metallic impurities in beam-heated plasmas (1986)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 57 (1986), S. 2148-2150 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: The soft x-ray continuum radiation in tokamak fusion test reactor (TFTR) low-density neutral-beam discharges can be much lower than its theoretical value obtained by assuming a corona equilibrium. This reduced continuum radiation is caused by an ionization equilibrium shift toward lower states, which strongly changes the value of the average recombination coefficient of metallic impurities γ¯, even for only slight changes in the average charge Z¯. The primary agent for this shift is the charge exchange between the highly ionized impurity ions and the neutral hydrogen, rather than impurity transport, because the central density of the neutral hydrogen is strongly enhanced at lower plasma densities with intense beam injection. In the extreme case of low-density, high neutral-beam power TFTR operation (energetic ion mode) the reduction in γ¯ can be as much as one-half to two-thirds. We calculate the parametric dependence of γ¯ and Z¯ for Ti, Cr, Fe, and Ni impurities on neutral density (equivalent to beam power), electron temperature, and electron density. These values are obtained by using either a one-dimensional impurity transport code or a zero-dimensional code with a finite particle confinement time. As an example, we show the variation of γ¯ and Z¯ in different TFTR discharges.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1138712
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effective Kα x-ray excitation rates for plasma impurity measurements (1986)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 57 (1986), S. 2151-2153 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: Metal impurity concentrations are measured by the pulse-height-analyzer (PHA) diagnostic from Kα x-ray peak intensities by use of an averaged excitation rate 〈σv〉. Low-Z impurity concentrations are inferred from the continuum enhancement (relative to a pure plasma) minus the enhancement due to metals. Since the PHA does not resolve lines from different charge states, 〈σv〉 is a weighted sum of rates; coronal equilibrium is usually assumed. The 〈σv〉 used earlier omitted the intercombination and forbidden lines from the dominant heliumlike state. The result was an overestimate of metals and an underestimate of low-Z impurities in cases where metals were significant. Improved values of 〈σv〉 using recent calculations for H-, He-, and Li-like Fe range from 10% to 50% larger than the earlier rates and yield metal concentrations in better agreement with those from vacuum ultraviolet (VUV) spectroscopy.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1138713
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    High current ECR source for oxygen implantation: Life tests and comparison to duopigatron performance : International conference on ion sources (1990)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 61 (1990), S. 294-296 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: An ECR source has been built for production use on Eaton's NV200 oxygen implanter. It can be retrofitted in place of the duopigatron normally used on that machine. This article reports results of 200 continuous hours of operation of the source, producing 95 mA of O+ ions, on a special test stand which emulates the injector of the NV200. Currents up to 200 mA at 45 kV were briefly obtained on this stand, the upper limit being set by thermal capacity of the beam dump. The ECR source was installed on an NV200 and used to implant wafers at 200 keV. Its performance is compared to that of the duopigatron source under similar conditions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1141326
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Low-threshold surface-emitting laser diodes with distributed Bragg reflectors and current blocking layers (1990)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 57 (1990), S. 1289-1291 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: AlGaAs/GaAs surface-emitting laser diodes (SELDs) with distributed Bragg reflectors (DBRs) and current blocking layers are fabricated with the combination of a two-step epitaxial growth and the reactive ion beam etching (RIBE) technique. An Al0.1Ga0.9As/Al0.7Ga0.3As multilayer and an amorphous silicon (a-Si)/silicon dioxide (SiO2) multilayer are employed for the lower and upper mirrors, respectively. The active region has a 5×5 μm or 4 μm φ area and a 0.8 μm thickness. The minimum threshold current is 3.3 mA under pulsed condition and 4.1 mA under continuous wave (cw) operation at 12 °C with junction-side-up configuration. Stable single longitudinal mode is observed, and far-field pattern (FFP) indicates higher transverse mode operation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.104096
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    GaAlAs laser diodes with metalorganic chemical vapor deposition grown ZnSe layer for injection blocking and optical confinement (1987)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 51 (1987), S. 877-879 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: A transverse mode stabilized GaAlAs laser diode which includes a ZnSe layer for the waveguide has been developed. The double heterostructure of the GaAlAs laser is formed by low-pressure metalorganic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD), and a ZnSe layer is grown by adduct-source MOCVD in order to block the injection current and change the real refractive index in the lateral direction. The fundamental transverse mode oscillation of more than 15 mW is obtained with a low threshold current of 28 mA and a high quantum efficiency of 76%. An output power as high as 25 mW is achieved.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.98841
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ultrastructural alterations on chloride cells of the yellowtail Seriola quinqueradiata, following exposure to the red tide species Chattonella antiqua (1985)
    Springer
    Marine biology 88 (1985), S. 101-108 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1793
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract By means of scanning and transmission electron microscopy, the influence of the red tide species Chattonella antiqua was examined with respect to the surface ultrastructures of chloride cells of the yellowtail Seriola quinqueradiata. Conspicuous ultrastructural alterations occurred on the apical surface of these cells. The majority of chloride cells in the control gills showed an apical surface with numerous cellular extensions, while more than half the chloride cells affected by red tide organisms exhibited an apical surface with fewer and smaller extensions, a wrinkled apical surface, or a protruded apical surface. These ultrastructural alterations of chloride cell surface may be due to the partial disturbance of salinity by C. antiqua, and reflect the changes of the ion-transport function in yellowtail gills exposed to red tide water.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00393048
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Golgi study on brain of macular mutant mouse as a model of Menkes kinky hair disease (1987)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 72 (1987), S. 349-354 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Macular mutant mouse ; Menkes kinky hair disease ; Golgi study ; Purkinje cell ; Copper metabolism
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary This study was undertaken to elucidate, using the Golgi method, the neuropathological change in the brain of the macular mutant mouse, whose hemizygote (Ml/y) is considered to be a model of Menkes kinky hair disease (MKHD). The hemizygote mice gradually lost weight after 10 days of age and died with emaciation and seizure around day 15. The normal littermate (+/y) was well developed. In the cerebrum, the arborization of pyramidal neurons in the layer V of the Ml/y was the same as that in the +/y on day 10. However, development of arborization in the Ml/y was delayed in comparison with that in the +/y on days 12 and 14. Purkinje cells with several somal sprouts were observed in the cerebellum in both the Ml/y and +/y on day 7. The somal sprouts in the +/y had regressed gradually by day 12, while they were still in the anterior and middle lobes of the Ml/y on day 14. Additionally, the trunks of Ml/y stem dendrites became thicker and a cactus formation was recognized on the branching portion of the dendrites on day 14. Arborization of these abnormal Purkinje cells was distinctly poor compared with that in the +/y. These results suggest that the growth of the neurons is delayed in the Ml/y and simultaneously their cytoskeletal developments are disturbed, especially in the Purkinje cells. There is a close similarity in many respects to the neuropathological change in MKHD.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00687266
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Generation of superoxide anions byChattonella antiqua: Possible causes for fish death caused by ‘Red Tide’ (1992)
    Springer
    Cellular and molecular life sciences 48 (1992), S. 888-890 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-9071
    Keywords: Red Tide ; Chattonella antiqua ; superoxide anions ; free radical ; ESR ; microvoltammetry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The generation of reactive free radicals byChattonella antiqua (‘Red Tide’), which may be a causative factor in fish death, has been demonstrated by electron spin resonance spectroscopy and a microelectrode technique. Electrochemical detection indicates that superoxide anions are produced as a primary product, and undergo further reactions during diffusion in glycocalyx to produce hydrogen, hydroxy-, and carbon-centered radicals which are detected by ESR as secondary products. It is proposed that these reactive radicals are responsible for the destruction of the mucous membranes of fish on exposure to ‘Red Tide’.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02118427
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Pathological study on a severe sialidosis (α-neuraminidase deficiency) (1986)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 71 (1986), S. 278-284 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Severe sialidosis ; α-Neuraminidase deficiency ; Neuropathology ; Congenital ascites ; Nephrosialidosis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary A 56-day-old infant with α-neuraminidase deficiency, whose clinical features included severe edema of extremities and ascites which resembled those in severe infantile sialidosis, was autopsied. Perforation, whose pathogenesis was unclear, was found on the descending portion of the duodenum. Light and electron microscope studies showed that neurons in the cerebral and cerebellar corticies, and the thoracic spinal cord contained membrane-bound vacuoles but no membranous cytoplasmic bodies. Zebra bodies were found only in the neurons of the spinal cord. The neurons in the paraganglion and in the Auerbach's myenteric plexus were also distended with numerous membrane-bound vacuoles. Hepatocytes, endothelial cells and Kupffer cells in the liver and glomerular and tubular epithelial cells in the kidney were swollen with a number of vacuoles although the patient showed none of the clinical features of renal involvement. These pathological changes were similar to those in nephrosialidosis reported by Le Sec et al. [Arch Fr Pediatr 35:819–829 (1978)].
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00688050
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