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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    RECOMBINATION FRACTIONS IN THE HLA SYSTEM BASED ON THE DATA SET ‘PROVINCES FRANÇAISES’: INDICATIONS OF HAPLOTYPE-SPECIFIC RECOMBINATION RATES (1994)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    International journal of immunogenetics 21 (1994), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1744-313X
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: In the large genetic survey ‘Provinces Françaises’ the recombination fractions in the HLA system have been estimated by a family analysis programme (FAP). A total of 1332 families were analysed and in general the findings were in agreement with recombination fractions reported previously. The maternal recombination rates were on average 1.8 times higher than the corresponding ones for males. The comparison of the recombination fractions with the corresponding physical distances suggests the existence of hot spots of recombination. The analysis did not show deviations from expected values for HLA-A and B alleles on HLA-A/B recombinant haplotypes. However, analysis of HLA-B/DR recombinant haplotypes showed a skewed distribution of B and DR alleles. The significance of the findings is difficult to evaluate as all results are estimated numbers and frequencies but a manual analysis of the recombinant families confirmed the observations. HLA-B/DR recombinant haplotypes carried often HLA-DR3 and DR11 whereas DR2 and DR7 were more rarely present on recombinant haplotypes. DR4 had an increased incidence on BF/DR recombinant haplotypes but not on A/B or B/BF recombinant haplotypes. Some of the haplotypes with the strongest linkage disequilibria as A1, B8, DR3 and A3, B7, DR2 seem to be less frequently involved in recombinations than other haplotypes. Variations of recombination rates depending on certain alleles or haplotypes might partially explain the conservation of some haplotypes or part of haplotypes in Caucasoids.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1744-313X.1994.tb00174.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Untersuchungen über die Spaltung von synthetischem Pentazocin-Glucuronid mit Salzsäure (1985)
    Springer
    International journal of legal medicine 95 (1985), S. 123-128 
    Details
    ISSN: 1437-1596
    Keywords: Pentazocine ; Glucuronide, cleavage ; Toxicology, pentazocine ; Pentazocin ; Glucuronid, Spaltung ; Toxikologie, Pentazocin
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Law
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Bei der Behandlung von Pentazocin (I) und Pentazocinglucuronid (II) mit Salzsäure wird bekanntlich durch Anlagerung von Wasser an die Doppelbindung ein Artefakt (III) gebildet. Dies führt zu sehr unterschiedlichen Ergebnissen hinsichtlich der Hydrolyserate von II und der Wiederfindung von I. Mit 20% HCl wurde die Glucuronidbindung quantitativ gespalten, aber die Ausbeute an I lag bei nur 15% (ca. 64% der berechneten Menge wurden als III wiedergefunden); mit 5% HCl betrug die Hydrolyserate nur 40–43%, die Pentazocinausbeute jedoch 31% (nur 9% wurden als III wiedergefunden). Die höchste Ausbeute an III wurde mit HCl-Konzentrationen von 17,5% (30 min im siedenden Wasserbad) erzielt.
    Notes: Summary It has been reported before that pentazocine (I) and pentazocine-glucuronide (II) form an artifact (III) by the addition of water to the double bond in the presence of HCl. This reaction leads to different results concerning the investigation of the rate of hydrolysis of II and the recovery of I. The glucuronide was quantitatively hydrolized by 20% HCl, but yielded only 15% of I (about 64% was detected as III). With 5% HCl the rate of hydrolysis only amounted to 40%–43%, whereas I yielded 31% (only 9% was recovered as III). The best III yield was obtained with a HCl concentration of 17.5%.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00201192
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Spaltung von 2-Phenylpropan-1-ol-und 2-Phenylpropan-2-ol-Glucuronid, zweier Metaboliten des Isopropylbenzol (Cumol) (1986)
    Springer
    International journal of legal medicine 97 (1986), S. 83-88 
    Details
    ISSN: 1437-1596
    Keywords: Cumene, metabolites ; Isopropylbenzene, metabolites ; Cumol, Metaboliten ; Isopropylbenzol, Metaboliten
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Law
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Es wird über das Verhalten von 2-Phenylpropan-1-ol (I) und 2-Phenylpropan-2-ol (II) (beide sind Metaboliten von Cumol) und ihrer Glucuronide gegenüber HCl berichtet. Während I eine hohe Säurebeständigkeit aufweist, erfährt II eine Umwandlung in 2-Phenylpropen (III), aus dem durch Folgereaktionen zahlreiche Produkte entstehen. Die glykosidische Bindung des I-Glucuronides wird mit 10,0% HCl quantitativ gespalten, wobei eine Aglykonausbeute von nahezu 100% erzielt wird. Anders verhält sich das II-Glucuronid: die Wiederfindungsraten an II liegen mit nur 40 bis 45% im gesamten HCl-Konzentrationsbereich (1,0% bis 20,0%) sehr niedrig, obwohl schon mit 1,0% HCl eine Hydrolyserate des Glucuronides von 100% erreicht wird.
    Notes: Summary The behaviour of 2-phenyl-1-propanol (I) and 2-phenyl-2-propanol (II) and their glucuronides with HCl has been investigated. While I shows a high acidic constancy, II undergoes a partial conversion into 2-phenylpropane (III) which itself yields numerous products. The glucosidic bond of glucuronide I is quantitatively split by 10.0% HCl, whereby an aglucone yield of nearly 100% is obtained. The second glucuronide behaves otherwise: the recovery of II is very low (only 40% to 45%) with HCl concentrations of 1.0%–20.0%, although with 1.0% HCl 100% of the glucuronide is hydrolysed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00204440
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ion composition and dynamics at comet Halley (1986)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 321 (1986), S. 330-334 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] The Giotto ion mass spectrometer (IMS) consists of two independent sensors: the high-energy-range spectrometer (HERS), which is optimized primarily for the study of ion abundances and velocity distributions outside the contact surface (CS); and the high-intensity spectrometer (HIS), which provides ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/321330a0
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Autosomal recessive and dominant forms of polycystic kidney disease are not allelic (1987)
    Springer
    Human genetics 〈Berlin〉 77 (1987), S. 221-222 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1203
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Linkage analysis has been carried out in 11 kindreds with autosomal recessive polycystic kidney disease (ARPKD) using the genetic marker 3'HVR, closely linked ( $$\hat \theta = 0.05$$ ) to the gene of the autosomal dominant type. Close linkage ( $$\hat \theta \leqq 0.20$$ ) between the locus of the marker and that of ARPKD can be excluded. These data strongly suggest that the loci for the autosomal recessive and dominant forms of polycystic kidney disease are not allelic.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00284473
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Linkage analysis in X-linked ichthyosis (steroid sulfatase deficiency) (1988)
    Springer
    Human genetics 〈Berlin〉 80 (1988), S. 191-192 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1203
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Linkage analysis has been carried out in nine unrelated families segregating for X-linked ichthyosis (steroid sulfatase deficiency) using seven polymorphic DNA markers from the distal Xp. Close linkage was found between the disease locus and the loci DXS16, DXS89, and DXS143. In all families except one, Southern hybridization with the human steroid sulfatase cDNA and GMGX9 probes showed a deletion of corresponding loci in affected males. Three patients belonging to the same family had no evident deletion with either of the two above-mentioned probes. None of the other six DNA loci included in the linkage analysis were found to be deleted.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00702868
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Cystic fibrosis: typing 89 German families with linked DNA probes (1988)
    Springer
    Human genetics 〈Berlin〉 81 (1988), S. 54-56 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1203
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Three hundred and ninety-two subjects from 89 German families were typed for restriction fragment length polymorphisms (RFLPs) detected by the probes pmetH, pmetD, pJ3.11, KM19, and XV2c known to be tightly linked to the cystic fibrosis (CF) gene. The analysis of the predictive value of this typing in individual CF families indicates that the combined use of these probes provides a powerful diagnostic system for both carrier detection and prenatal diagnosis. In 45 families the complete haplotype including all RFLPs was available. Of them 41 (91.1%) were fully informative and 4 were partly informative.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00283729
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Solvability of a problem with free noncompact boundary for a stationary navier-stokes system. I (1989)
    Springer
    Lithuanian mathematical journal 29 (1989), S. 281-292 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-8825
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00966633
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Observations of the solar wind from coronal holes (1994)
    Springer
    Space science reviews 70 (1994), S. 319-330 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9672
    Keywords: Sun ; Solar Wind ; Coronal Holes
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract The solar wind emanating from coronal holes (CH) constitutes a quasi-stationary flow whose properties change only slowly with the evolution of the hole itself. Some of the properties of the wind from coronal holes depend on whether the source is a large polar coronal hole or a small near-equatorial hole. The speed of polar CH flows is usually between 700 and 800 km/s, whereas the speed from the small equatorial CH flows is generally lower and can be 〈400 km/s. At 1 AU, the average particle and energy fluxes from polar CH are 2.5×108 cm−2 sec−1 and 2.0 erg cm−2 s−1. This particle flux is significantly less than the 4×108 cm−2 sec−1 observed in the slow, interstream wind, but the energy fluxes are approximately the same. Both the particle and energy fluxes from small equatorial holes are somewhat smaller than the fluxes from the large polar coronal holes. Many of the properties of the wind from coronal holes can be explained, at least qualitatively, as being the result of the effect of the large flux of outward-propagating Alfvén waves observed in CH flows. The different ion species have roughly equal thermal speeds which are also close to the Alfvén speed. The velocity of heavy ions exceeds the proton velocity by the Alfvén speed, as if the heavy ions were surfing on the waves carried by the proton fluid. The elemental composition of the CH wind is less fractionated, having a smaller enhancement of elements with low first-ionization potentials than the interstream wind, the wind from coronal mass ejections, or solar energetic particles. There is also evidence of fine-structure in the ratio of the gas and magnetic pressures which maps back to a scale size of roughly 1° at the Sun, similar to some of the fine structures in coronal holes such as plumes, macrospicules, and the supergranulation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00777887
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Extraction, quantitative gas chromatographic determination and gas chromatographic/mass spectrometric detection of ecgonine for identification of cocaine and its metabolites in urine (1986)
    Springer
    Fresenius' Zeitschrift für analytische Chemie 323 (1986), S. 326-329 
    Details
    ISSN: 1618-2650
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary Quantitative extraction studies from urine were carried out by addition of cocaine, benzoylecgonine, ecgonine methyl ester and ecgonine to urine samples. After hydrolysis to ecgonine the compounds were analyzed together. Ecgonine was isolated by a cation-exchange resin and purified by an anion-exchange resin. The quantitative determination was performed by GC after silylation with MSTFA. The recovery was 77% at a concentration of 150 μg ecgonine/ml urine. A qualitative determination of ecgonine by GC/MS was possible up to the detection limit of 20 ng/ ml. The method can be applied for the detection of cocaine abuse.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Es wurden quantitative Untersuchungen zur Extraktion von Urin durchgeführt, dem Cocain, Benzoylecgonin, Ecgoninmethylester und Ecgonin zugesetzt wurden. Die Summe dieser Verbindungen kann über eine vorgeschaltete Hydrolyse zu Ecgonin indirekt bestimmt werden. Nach Hydrolyse wird Ecgonin an einem Kationenaustauscher isoliert und der Extrakt an einem Anionenaustauscher gereinigt. Die quantitative Bestimmung erfolgt gaschromatographisch nach Silylierung mit MSTFA. Dabei beträgt die Wiederfindungsrate 77% bei Konzentrationen von 150 μg Ecgonin/ml Urin. Der qualitative Nachweis von Ecgonin durch GC/MS ist bis zu einer Nachweisgrenze von 20 ng/ml möglich. Damit eignet sich die Methode zum Nachweis einer Cocain-Einnahme im Urin.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00474594
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