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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Langenbeck's archives of surgery 329 (1971), S. 293-301 
    ISSN: 1435-2451
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Die Beobachtungen der „geographischen Pathologie” haben gezeigt, daß verschiedene Krebslokalisationen in verschiedenen Teilen der Erde mit teilweise extrem unterschiedlicher Häufigkeit auftreten. Dafür werden Ein flüsse der Umwelt bei den betrachteten Populationen verantwortlich gemacht. Lebensgewohnheiten, Sitten und Gebräuche bestimmen somit nicht nur das Krebsrisiko, sondern auch den Organbefall. Neben den bereits bekannten und gleichsam schon „historischen” Cancerogenen, wie z. B. höheren polycyclischen Aromaten oder aromatischen Aminen, wird in Gegenwart und Zukunft folgenden Problemen Bedeutung geschenkt werden müssen: 1. „Natürlich” vorkommende Carcinogene, z. B. in Pflanzen oder Mycotoxinen, 2. Pränatale Gefährdung durch Carcinogene, die transplancentar auf den Embryo einwirken, und 3. potentiell Carcinogene Arzneimittel, deren Kenntnis für den Arzt besonders wichtig erscheint. Instruktive Beispiele für diese drei Problemkreise werden aufgezeigt. Nach dem Stand unseres heutigen Wissens muß angenommen werden, daß die überwiegende Mehrzahl der Malignome durch exogene chemische Carcinogene bedingt ist.
    Notes: Summary Oberservations made in “geographical pathology” have shown that the various cancer sites seem to be affected with markedly different frequency in the various parts of the world. One assumes that the effects of environment on a particular population is responsible for this. Modes of life, habits and customs determine not only the cancer risk but also the organ that is likely to be affected. In addition to the already known and more or less “historical” cancerogens, such as for instance the polycyclic aromates or aromatic amines, we have now and in the future also to give some attention to the following problems: 1. “Naturally-occurring” carcinogens, for instance those originating in plants or as mycotoxins. 2. Pre-natal danger from carcinogens which can affect the embryo through the placenta and 3. potentially carcinogenous drugs, a knowledge of which seems specially important to the physician. Instructive examples of these three groups are given. According to the state of our knowledge to-day, one has to assume that the overwhelming majority of malignant tumours are caused by exogenous chemical carcinogens.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of molecular medicine 65 (1987), S. 959-966 
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Keywords: Metastatic breast cancer ; Hormone monotherapy ; Tamoxifen ; Medroxyprogesterone acetate ; Aminoglutethimide ; Remission rates and duration ; Survival times
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary We analyzed the results of clinical studies on the therapeutic efficacy of hormone monotherapy with tamoxifen, medroxyprogesterone acetate, and aminoglutethimide in metastatic breast cancer, which were published between 1971 and 1986 and involved altogether 7000 patients. The overall response rates in patients treated with these hormonal single agents at various dose levels ranged from 31%–42%. When only estrogen receptor-positive patients were considered, the response rates lay between 41% and 54% in groups which were treated with the antiestrogenic agents tamoxifen or aminoglutethimide. The duration of remission was 12 months for tamoxifen- and aminoglutethimide-treated women, whereas medroxy-progesterone acetate effected remissions lasting from 6–16 months. The overall mean survival from start of therapy in tamoxifen- and aminoglutethimide-treated groups was 20 months, whereas information concerning this therapeutic parameter was available only in a minority of medroxyprogesterone acetate-treated groups. With respect to the response by site of metastatic lesions, all three agents caused a significantly higher degree of remissions in the soft tissue as compared to visceral disease.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of molecular medicine 67 (1989), S. 1169-1173 
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Keywords: Causes of cancer ; Exogenous carcinogenic agents ; Life-style ; Direct and indirect primary prevention
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary This paper presents an alternative view to a commonly held misconception. The extent to which the causes of human cancer can be known is less than generally believed on the basis of the formal summation of estimates on the causal role of certain carcinogenic factors that have been tabulated by Doll and Peto (1981). Here it is stressed that the factors with known causal relation in the etiology have not as yet been ascertained for up to 97% of human cancers. Currently only one-third of the cancer deaths registered in the Federal Republic of Germany can be assigned etiologically to known exogenous carcinogenic agents or lifestyle. Accordingly, the causes of less than 50% of all malignant neoplasms are known and amenable to direct causal primary prevention. This, however, does not preclude a concept of “indirect primary prevention” which, based on the probable summation of subcarcinogenic effects of single carcinogens, enables removal from the environment of compounds that show carcinogenicity in animals, even if these compounds lack epidemiological evidence of carcinogenic activity.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Naturwissenschaften 60 (1973), S. 55-55 
    ISSN: 1432-1904
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Natural Sciences in General
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Inflammation research 16 (1985), S. 585-587 
    ISSN: 1420-908X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    ISSN: 1432-0843
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The activity of the newly synthesized ruthenium derivative imidazolium-bis(imidazole)tetrachlororuthenate (III) [ImH(RuIm2Cl4)] was compared with that of 5′-deoxy-5-fluorouridine (5′dFUR) in autochthonous acetoxymethyl-methylnitrosamine (AMMN)-induced colorectal cancer in SD rats. Following coloscopic diagnosis of colorectal tumors treatment was administered twice weekly for a 10-week period. ImH(RuIm2Cl4) exhibited considerable antitumoral efficacy compared with 5′dFUR (20 T/C % and 60 T/C %, respectively) against the growth of AMMN-induced colorectal adenocarcinoma in SD rats. The mortality rates with ImH(RuIm2Cl4) were dose-related, but its efficacy did not vary in all doses administered.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    ISSN: 1432-1335
    Keywords: Locoregional drug administration ; Blood sammpling ; Rat model
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary This methodological study describes three surgical prodedures for locoregional and systemic drug administration, which are based on a similar experimental design. Cannulation of the arterial and portal access to the liver in comparison to the general venous system, and arterial access to the large intestine through a permanently implantable system, suitable for serial bolus injections and infusions in unrestrained rats, is presented (experiment I). Furthermore, an infusion system for longterm administration (experiment II) and a method for blood sampling during locoregional or systemic infusion procedures (experiment III) have been developed. The positioning and free flow of the catheters were checked by means of scintigraphy, administration of fluorescein under UV light and angiography in animals of experimental series I. After 7 days, no obstruction was detected. On day 15 and 30 following implantation 73.3% and 58.3% of the animals, respectively, showed unimpeded flow through the catheter system. The methods described here were well tolerated by the animals without alteration of their general condition and are currently in use in a series of chemotherapeutic and pharmacokinetic investigations.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    ISSN: 1432-1335
    Keywords: Bis-β-diketonato metal complexes of titanium, zirconium, and hafnium ; Budotitane ; Acetoxymethylmethylnitrosamine-induced autochthonous colorectal tumors ; Antitumor activity
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Bis-β-diketonato complexes of titanium, zirconium, and hafnium were tested against autochthonous colorectal tumors in rats. The model was found to reflect the clinical situation most closely. of the compounds tested, budotitane was the most effective in terms of decrease in tumor weight and number and in increasing the lifespan of the treated animals. The therapeutic efficiency was superior to that of 5-fluorouracil, which so far has been the drug with the best activity in patients suffering from colon cancer.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Keywords: Leukemia ; experimental therapy ; cytoxan ; nitroso-ureas ; Leukämie ; experimentelle Therapie ; Endoxan ; Nitrosoharnstoffe
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Es wird über eine Kombinationstherapie bei einer Stammzellenleukämie der Ratte mit Endoxan und Methyl- bzw. n-Butyl-Nitrosoharnstoff berichtet. 70 Tage nach Beginn der Behandlung wurde bei allen Tieren eine vollständige Heilung erzielt.
    Notes: Summary A combination therapy of a stem-cell leukemia in rats is reported using cytoxan and N-methyl- or N-n-butyl-N-nitroso urea respectively. Seventy days after the treatment started all animals were completely restored to health.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of cancer research and clinical oncology 82 (1974), S. 91-100 
    ISSN: 1432-1335
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Trächtige weibliche Ratten des Sprague-Dawley-Stammes erhielten am 19. Schwangerschaftstag oral 30 mg/kg Äthylnitroso-harnstoff. Von 1068 aufgezogenen Männchen und Weibchen entwickelten ∼ 90% 1847 neurogene Malignome nach einer mittleren Induktionszeit von ∼ 240 Tagen, die vorwiegend im Großhirn (Gliome), Rückenmark (Gliome und maligne Neurilemmome) sowie den N. trigemini (maligne Neurilemmome) lokalisiert waren. Beginnend am 6. Tag nach der Geburt bis zum Auftreten von Tumoren wurde versucht, durch immunodepressive und immunostimulierende Maßnahmen, durch Gabe neurotroper Verbindungen oder enzymstimulierender Substanzen, durch sensorische Reize oder physische Belastungen die Carcinogenese zu beeinflussen. Das gelang weder im hemmenden noch im fördernden Sinne. Extraneurale Malignome entstanden bei den Männchen in 3,5% (19/538) der Fälle; die meisten von ihnen waren Wilms-Tumoren. Bei 530 Weibchen entwickelten sich 182 (34%) extraneurale Geschwülste, von denen 167 Mammacarcinome waren. Durch Behandlung mit Cyclophosphamid oder Freundschem Adjuvans im postnatalen Leben ließ sich die Häufigkeit an Brustkrebsen gegenüber Ratten, die nicht so behandelt worden waren, signifikant erhöhen.
    Notes: Summary Pregnant Sprague-Dawley-rats were given 30 mg/kg ethylnitroso-urea orally on day 19 of pregnancy.∼90% of 1068 offsprings developed 1847 neurogenic malignomas after a medium induction period of ∼240 days which were predominantly situated in the cerebrum (gliomas), spinal cord (gliomas and malignant neurilemmomas) and n.trigemini (malignant neurilemmomas). 6 days after birth treatments were started to influence the carcinogenesis by immune depressive or immune stimulating measures, neurotropic poisons, enzyme-stimulating substances, sensorial stimulants or physical activity. The carcinogenesis could neither be promoted nor inhibited by these measures. In 3.5% of the males (19/538) extraneural tumors developed whereby Wilms' tumors were most frequently seen. In 530 females 182 (34%) extraneural carcinomas occurred; 167 of these tumors were mammacarcinomas. The incidence of mammary cancer was significantly increased by postnatal applications of cyclophosphamide or Freunds adjuvant.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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