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  • Bone marrow transplantation  (5)
  • 5 Parastoffe  (1)
  • Chronic myeloid leukemia  (1)
  • Complexity  (1)
  • 1
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: Key words Macrophages ; Pseudo-Gaucher cells ; Chronic myeloid leukaemia ; Bone marrow transplantation ; Bone marrow biopsies
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  A morphometric and immunohistochemical study was performed on 354 bone marrow trephine biopsies derived from 126 patients with chronic myeloid leukaemia (CML) before and after allogeneic bone marrow transplantation (BMT). The purpose of this investigation was to evaluate the macrophage population, including several subsets and their dynamics in the posttransplant period. In addition to the total CD68+ resident (mature) macrophages the so-called activated fraction identified by its capacity to express α-d-galactosyl residues, the pseudo-Gaucher cells (PGCs) and the iron-laden histiocytic reticular cells were also considered. Following immuno- and lectin-histochemical staining morphometric analysis was carried out on sequential postgraft bone marrow specimens at standardized intervals. Compared to the normal bone marrow and calculated per haematopoiesis (cellularity) an overall decrease of about 40–50% in the quantity of CD68+ macrophages and the BSA-I+ subpopulation was detectable in the early posttransplant period (9–45 days after BMT). Noteworthy was the temporal recurrence of PGCs in the engrafted bone marrow, which was not associated with a clonally transformed cell population or leukaemic relapse. Reappearance of postgraft PGCs was most prominent in the first 2 months after BMT. This conspicuous feature was presumed to be functionally associated with a pronounced degradation of cell debris following pretransplant myelo-ablative therapy (scavenger macrophages). Evidence for an activation of the BSA-I+ macrophage subset was derived from the identical carbohydrate-binding capacity shown by the PGCs. In the regenerating haematopoiesis shortly after BMT a significant correlation between the number of BSA-I+ macrophages and erythroid precursor cells was determinable. This result implicates a close functional relationship between postgraft reconstitution of erythropoietic islets and centrally localized activated macrophages. In conclusion, findings emerging from this study included the reappearance of PCGs in the engrafted bone marrow independently of a leukaemic relapse and the significant association of the activated BSA-I+ macrophage subset with the recovery of erythropoiesis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1432-0584
    Keywords: Bone marrow transplantation ; Dyskeratosis congenita ; Graftversus-host-disease
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary A 33-year-old man with dyskeratosis congenita received a marrow transplant to treat severe pancytopenia. The graft was successful, but the patient developed severe acute graft-versus-host-disease grade IV and died 51 days post-grafting. — The outcome of transplantation in dyskeratosis congenita is compared to that in Fanconi's anaemia due to the resemblance of both diseases in some aspects.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Keywords: Chronic granulocytic leukaemia ; Bone marrow transplantation ; Graft-versus-host disease
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Twenty-one patients with chronic granulocytic leukaemia underwent marrow transplantation. The donors were human-lymphocyte antigen-identical siblings in 19 cases. In the remaining 2 cases the donor was a parent in one and an identical twin in the other. The preparatory regimen included cyclophosphamide and 8.6 Gy total body irradiation given at either a dose of 0.1 Gy/min or 0.04 Gy/min. Five patients were in the accelerated phase of the disease, one was in remission following blast crisis, and the rest were all in the chronic phase. After chemotherapy and irradiation, all patients received bone marrow transplants. To date, nine patients are still alive, with a median survival of 64 days (range 28–683 days). One patient continued to have leukaemic cells and in another, the leukaemia recurred 18 months following transplantation. Interstitial pneumonitis was the cause of death of eight patients (38%). Graft-versus-host disease occurred in ten patients (47%).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    ISSN: 1432-0584
    Keywords: CML ; Isodicentric Ph1 ; Karyotypic evolution ; Bone marrow transplantation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Clonal chromosomal evolution was observed in a 16-year-old boy suffering from Ph1-positive CML. An isodicentric Ph1 chromosome appeared 20 weeks after the initial diagnosis. At that time an allogeneic bone marrow transplantation was performed. Thereafter, during an observation period of more than 13 months, chromosome analyses showed neither the Ph1 chromosome nor the abnormal isodicentric variant. Close cytogenetic monitoring is suggested to reveal early unfavourable prognostic signs of the onset of blast crisis before it becomes evident in the bone marrow morphology.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Archives of dermatological research 261 (1978), S. 153-161 
    ISSN: 1432-069X
    Keywords: 5-para-amino-compounds ; Epicutane sensitization on guinea pigs ; Fünf parasubstituierte Benzolderivate ; 5 Parastoffe ; Epicutane Sensibilisierung an Meerschweinchen
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Wir haben an 160 Meerschweinchen epicutane Sensibilisierungsversuche mit parasubstituierten Benzolderivaten in 4 Konzentrationsstufen durchgeführt und die Beurteilung der Testreaktionen nach makroskopischen und histologischen Kriterien vorgenommen. Den mit jeder Substanz an 32 Tieren gewonnenen Ergebnissen ist zu entnehmen, daß Sensibilisierungen eingetreten sind mit p-Aminodiphenylamin in etwa 50%, mit p-Toluylendiamin in etwa 25%, mit p-Phenyldiamin in 62% (bei 1- und 2%iger Konzentration), mit p-Aminoazotoluol in 37% (mit 5%iger Konzentration), mit p-Aminobenzoesäure in keinem Fall. Aus dem Vergleich der Sensibilisierungsquoten ist zu schließen, daß p-Aminodiphenylamin und p-Phenylendiamin als starke Sensibilisatoren anzusehen sind, p-Aminoazotoluol und p-Toluylendiamin einen geringeren Effekt aufwiesen und p-Aminobenzoesäure unwirksam blieb.
    Notes: Summary Skin tests with derivates of para-substituted benzene were carried out at 4 different concentrations on a total of 160 guinea pigs. Results were evaluated macroscopically and histologically. Each substance was tested on 32 animals. Sensitization was obtained with p-aminodiphenylamine in about 50%, with p-toluylenediamine in about 25%, with 1% and 2% p-phenylenediamine in 62%, with 5% p-aminoazotoluene in 37%, whereas no sensitization was observed with p-aminobenzoic acid. Thus, p-aminodiphenylamine, p-toluylenediamine and p-phenylenediamine must be regarded as highly sensitizing agents, whereas p-aminoazotoluene and p-aminobenzoic acid seem to be less effective respectively non sensitizing.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    ISSN: 1432-0584
    Keywords: Key words BCR-ABL fusion transcripts ; Real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction ; Philadelphia chromosome ; Chronic myeloid leukemia
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  The use of the real-time reverse-transcription polymerase-chain reaction (RT-PCR) method to quantify BCR-ABL transcripts before and after allogeneic transplant was prospectively studied in 65 patients with chronic myeloid leukemia (CML). The expression of the BCR-ABL transcript was determined and normalized using the glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) housekeeping gene product as an endogenous reference. In the single step real-time PCR assay, tenfold serial dilutions of cDNA of the K5652 cell line remained positive down to 100 pg cDNA only. However, molecular relapses of CML after transplant were only safely detectable when a nested real-time PCR assay was performed, which was able to detect 1–10 pg cDNA from a tenfold serial dilution. The median normalized BCR-ABL transcript level was measured as 0.004% in 17 patients with a molecular relapse, 0.4% in 7 patients with a cytogenetic relapse, 2.6% in 36 patients with a stable phase of CML, and 36% in 5 patients with a relapse in a blast crisis. The analyzed median normalized amount of BCR-ABL transcript differed significantly (P〈0.001) between the various disease stages. In ten CML patients with relapse, the real-time PCR method was used to monitor the response of various immunotherapies as donor leukocyte infusions, withdrawal of immunosuppression, or interferon-α application. The results of the quantitative evaluation of BCR-ABL transcripts reflected very well the clinical effect of the different applied immunotherapies. The new real-time PCR method seems to be a suitable technique for the early detection of relapse after allogeneic transplant in patients with the BCR-ABL transcript. Its ability to distinguish between molecular and cytogenetic relapse (P〈0.001) allows early therapeutic decisions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    ISSN: 1432-0584
    Keywords: Bone marrow transplantation ; Laminar air flow ; Barrier nursing ; Graft versus host disease
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Forty-eight patients with acute leukaemia in relapse (n=14), acute leukaemia in complete remission (n=19), chronic myeloid leukaemia (n=8) or severe aplastic anaemia (n=7) received a marrow transplant. The first 26 patients were nursed in laminar-air-flow plastic isolators while the next 22 patients were treated in barrier nursing rooms. Gnotobiotic parameters and morbidity in the 2 groups are compared. Good decontamination of the gastro-intestinal tract was obtained using either of the 2 isolation techniques. The incidence of bacterial and mycotic infections, as well as the supportive care required by the patients was almost equal in both groups. Our results also suggest that the incidence of graft versus host disease may decrease with efficient decontamination of the patients.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Langenbeck's archives of surgery 383 (1998), S. 26-34 
    ISSN: 1435-2451
    Keywords: Key words Sepsis ; Mediators ; Antimediators ; Modulation ; Study design ; Complexity
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Sepsis, the systemic response (specific and non-specific) of the body to an infection, is an increasing clinical problem. During the last 30 years, nearly 50 clinical trials involving more than 10,000 patients have failed to demonstrate improvement of patients' outcome with different “anti-mediator” strategies. The wrong conceptional approaches to interact with the complex mediator network and flaws in study design and conduct are the main reasons for this disappointing situation. We learned, however, that the systemic host response is more than persistent uncontrolled inflammation; it is also a stimulation of the counter regulatory network. Although it is important to analyse the complex picture, we have now reached a point where more sophisticated strategies for describing complexity and novel attempts for synthesis are needed. Along this line, improved study designs (decrease of “signal-to-noise ratio”) are mandatory. In addition, secondary preventive strategies are emphasised.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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