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  • Chemotherapy  (8)
  • Tumors of the forestomach  (3)
  • Cyclophosphamide  (2)
  • Metastatic breast cancer  (2)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of molecular medicine 65 (1987), S. 959-966 
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Keywords: Metastatic breast cancer ; Hormone monotherapy ; Tamoxifen ; Medroxyprogesterone acetate ; Aminoglutethimide ; Remission rates and duration ; Survival times
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary We analyzed the results of clinical studies on the therapeutic efficacy of hormone monotherapy with tamoxifen, medroxyprogesterone acetate, and aminoglutethimide in metastatic breast cancer, which were published between 1971 and 1986 and involved altogether 7000 patients. The overall response rates in patients treated with these hormonal single agents at various dose levels ranged from 31%–42%. When only estrogen receptor-positive patients were considered, the response rates lay between 41% and 54% in groups which were treated with the antiestrogenic agents tamoxifen or aminoglutethimide. The duration of remission was 12 months for tamoxifen- and aminoglutethimide-treated women, whereas medroxy-progesterone acetate effected remissions lasting from 6–16 months. The overall mean survival from start of therapy in tamoxifen- and aminoglutethimide-treated groups was 20 months, whereas information concerning this therapeutic parameter was available only in a minority of medroxyprogesterone acetate-treated groups. With respect to the response by site of metastatic lesions, all three agents caused a significantly higher degree of remissions in the soft tissue as compared to visceral disease.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of cancer research and clinical oncology 91 (1978), S. 317-322 
    ISSN: 1432-1335
    Keywords: Alkyl-Acetoxymethyl-Nitrosamines ; Carcinogenic action in SD rats ; Tumors of the forestomach ; Alkyl-Acetoxymethyl-Nitrosamine ; Carcinogene Wirkung bei SD-Ratten ; Tumoren des Vormagens
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Die homologe Reihe der Alkyl-Acetoxymethyl-Nitrosamine wurden auf ihre carcinogene Wirkung an SD Ratten getestet. Alle Verbindungen induzieren bei oraler Gabe innerhalb der gleichen Zeit Vormagentoumoren. Die benötigten Gesamtdosen sind dabei abhängig von der Länge der Alkyl-Kette und damit der Wasserlöslichkeit. Diese Ergebnisse werden diskutiert.
    Notes: Summary The homologons alkyl-acetoxymethyl-nitrosamines were tested for carcinogenicity in SD rats. All compounds were found to be carcinogenic and induced within the same time carcinomas of the forestomach. The total doses necessary for induction of tumors are related to the length of the alkyl chain and hence to the watersolubility. These results are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of cancer research and clinical oncology 96 (1980), S. 157-162 
    ISSN: 1432-1335
    Keywords: Autochthonous (primary) rat leukemia ; 7,12 Dimethylbenz(a)anthracene ; Chemotherapy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary A total of 111 autochthonous (primary) acute rat leukemias of the diffuse-hepatic type which had been induced by 7,12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene were treated with mono- and combination chemotherapy. The survival time of treated rats increased significantly compared to untreated controls. A combination of vincristine (VCR), adriamycin (ADR), and cytosine arabinoside (Ara-C) was superior to a combination of VCR and ADR as well as to a monotherapy with Cyclophosphamide, BCNU, VCR, ADR, and Ara-C.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    ISSN: 1432-1335
    Keywords: Benzo(a)pyrene ; Caffeine ; Oral administration ; Tumors of the forestomach
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary In a lifetime experiment benzo(a)pyrene (B(a)P) was administered to Sprague-Dawley rats either as an admixture to the diet or by gavage in an aqueous 1.5% caffeine solution. Dissolved benzo(a)pyrene induced more tumors of the forestomach than undissolved benzo(a)pyrene. The 1.5% caffeine solution (annual dose 27 g/kg) did not exert any carcinogenic activity under the conditions of this bioassay.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of cancer research and clinical oncology 100 (1981), S. 239-246 
    ISSN: 1432-1335
    Keywords: Transplanted rat leukemia L 5222 ; Autochthonous rat leukemia ; Chemotherapy ; Transplantierte Rattenleukämie L 5222 ; Autochthone Rattenleukämie ; Chemotherapie
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Der Effekt einer klinisch wirksamen Substanzkombination (Vincristin, Adriamycin, Cytosin-Arabinosid) gegenüber einer transplantierten akuten Rattenleukämie (L 5222) und gegenüber autochthonen akuten Rattenleukämien wird in einem nichttoxischen Dosisbereich verglichen. Die Ratten mit transplantierter Leukämie verstarben nach vier, ohne Unterbrechung gegebenen Therapiecyclen; Remissionen wurden nicht erreicht. Die gleiche Behandlung, die zusätzlich durch einwöchige therapiefreie Intervalle unterbrochen werden konnte, bewirkte bei allen Ratten mit autochthoner Leukämie eine komplette Remission. Das unterschiedliche Ansprechen beider Leukämieformen auf die Therapie wird in erster Linie auf Unterschiede in der Kinetik zurückgeführt. Die Vergleichbarkeit transplantierter und autochthoner Rattenleukämien mit der akuten Leukämie des Menschen wird diskutiert.
    Notes: Summary The effect of a clinically active drug combination (vincristine, adriamycin, cytosine arabinoside) against (1) a transplanted acute rat leukemia (L 5222) and (2) autochthonous acute rat leukemias is compared in a non-toxic dose range. After four therapy cycles without therapy-free intervals, the animals with transplanted leukemia died; remissions were not achieved. In all rats with autochthonous leukemia the same treatment that was additionally interrupted by therapy-free intervals of 1 week caused complete remissions. The different reactions of both leukemia types to this treatment are mainly due to their kinetic differences. The comparability of transplanted and autochthonous rat leukemias with human acute leukemia is discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of cancer research and clinical oncology 101 (1981), S. 243-248 
    ISSN: 1432-1335
    Keywords: Autochthonous (primary) myeloid leukemia ; Chloroleukemia ; Rat ; Chemotherapy ; Autochthone (primäre) myeloische Leukämie ; Chloroleukämie ; Ratte ; Chemotherapie
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary After injection of 15 mg/kg ethylnitrosourea (ENU) weekly for 15 weeks to adult male Wistar rats (total dose: 225 mg/kg) about 10% of the animals developed myeloid leukemias (chloroleukemias), which resemble the chronic myeloid leukemia in man (CML) (peripheral blood picture, tissue infiltration, chronic course as compared to immature-cell rat leukemias). Monotherapy with busulfan effected no remissions. The median survival time after daily treatment with busulfan was 29.5 days (range: 7–70); it was significantly shorter than that of untreated controls (median: 47.5 days, range: 22–81). After weekly application of 20 mg/kg and 50 mg/kg Cyclophosphamide the median survival time increase to 69.5 (range: 26–114) and 61.5 (range: 20–92) days, respectively. Rate and duration of remissions after repeated weekly single doses of cyclophosphamide were positively correlated with the increase in single dose; the high dose-intermittent treatment with 50 mg/kg CPA/week yielded complete remissions in all treated animals. Despite these remissions, however, no significant increase in survival time could be observed in comparison with untreated controls. The comparability of autochthonous chloroleukemias in the rat with human CML is discussed.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Nach wöchentlicher Injektion von 15 mg/kg Äthylnitrosoharnstoffüber 15 Wochen in erwachsene männliche Wistar Ratten (Gesamtdosis: 225 mg/kg) entwickelten etwa 10% der Tiere Chloroleukämien, die eine auffallende Ähnlichkeit mit der chronischen myeloischen Leukämie (CML) des Menschen haben (peripheres Blutbild, Gewebsinfiltration, chronischer Verlauf beim Vergleich mit unreifzelligen Rattenleukämien). Eine Monotherapie mit Busulfan bewirkte keine Remissionen. Nach täglicher Behandlung mit Busulfan lag die mediane Überlebenszeit bei 29,5 Tagen (Spanne: 7–70 Tage) und war somit kürzer als die der unbehandelten Kontrolltiere (mediane Überlebenszeit: 47,5 Tage; Spanne: 22–81 Tage). Nach wöchentlicher Behandlung mit 20 mg/kg sowie mit 50 mg/kg Cyclophosphamid (CPA) stieg die mediane Überlebenszeit auf 69,5 (Spanne: 26–114) bzw. 61,5 (Spanne: 20–92) Tage an. Die Remissionsrate und die Remissionsdauer nach wöchentlich wiederholten Einzeldosen von Cyclophosphamid zeigten eine positive Korrelation zur Höhe der Einzeldosis; so bewirkte eine intermittierende Behandlung mit 50 mg/kg CPA/Woche bei allen behandelten Ratten eine komplette Remission. Trotz der Remissionen konnte jedoch kein signifikanter Anstieg der Überlebenszeit beim Vergleich mit den unbehandelten Kontrollen beobachtet werden. Die Vergleichbarkeit der autochthonen Chloroleukämie der Ratte mit der CML des Menschen wird diskutiert.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of cancer research and clinical oncology 114 (1988), S. 183-185 
    ISSN: 1432-1335
    Keywords: Cytotoxic chemotherapy ; First line ; Second line ; Metastatic breast cancer ; Overall survival
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The results of clinical studies dealing with first and second line chemotherapy of metastatic breast cancer published between 1975 and early 1986 which involved 9350 women were reviewed. Our special aim was to evaluate combination chemotherapy and its influence on overall survival in late stage breast cancer patients. No significant improvement in overall survival times was found in this selected group of patients who were treated with intense palliative chemotherapy.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    ISSN: 1432-1335
    Keywords: Autochthonous primary neurogenic tumors ; Rat ; Transplacental induction ; Chemotherapy ; BCNU
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Autochthonous neurogenic tumors of the rat induced by transplacental application of ethylnitrosourea were used for the first time to study their suitability as tumor models for experimental chemotherapy. Of 189 transplacentally treated rats, 87% developed neurogenic tumors. After the initial clinical diagnosis of a neurogenic tumor, additional malignant tumors often occurred. The mean number of neurogenic tumors from 62 untreated control rats increased from 1.0 per rat at the time of randomization to 1.2 as revealed by autopsy and 1.5 tumors by histological examinations. Out of all neurogenic tumors, tumors of the brain were observed in 31%, tumors of cranial nerves in 36% (90% tumors of trigeminal nerve), tumors of spinal cord in 21%, and tumors of peripheral nerves in 10%. The median survival time until natural death of 62 control rats was 228 days. Rats with tumors of peripheral nerves lived shortest, followed by rats with tumors of cranial nerves, tumors of the spinal cord, and brain tumors. Brain tumors were mainly astrocytomas and oligodendrogliomas. The survival time of untreated rats from randomization to natural death was longest for those with brain tumors, followed by tumors of peripheral nerves, cranial nerves, and tumors of the spinal cord. There was great variation in survival time from a few days to more than 6 months. To study the responsiveness to chemotherapy, 62 rats received BCNU as a single intravenous dose of 9 and later 10 mg/kg. Sixty-two untreated control rats had a median survival time of 36 days (95% confidence interval 26–52 days), the treated rats 43.5 days (26–62 days) The difference was not statistically significant. BCNU produced a remission or a no change of neurologic symptoms in 60% (37 out of 62) in comparison to 39% (24 out of 62) in the control group (p〈0.05). The advantages and disadvantages of the present models are discussed. Due to methodical problems and the marginal response to BCNU, autochthonous neurogenic tumors of the rat are not suitable as models for chemotherapeutic studies.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    ISSN: 1432-1335
    Keywords: Locoregional ; Chemotherapy ; Fluoropyrimidine ; 19F-NMR ; Novikoff hepatoma
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The influence of infusion time and dose on the anticancer efficacy of 5-fluoro-2′-deoxyuridine (FdUrd) was investigated using a locoregional therapy model: Novikoff hepatoma transplanted i.m. into the thigh of Wistar rats and FdUrd infusion via a catheter implanted in the femoral artery. In experiment A the FdUrd dose (five daily doses of 12, 19 and 30 mg/kg) and the duration of administration (bolus, 1 h, 5 h, and 24 h) were varied. The change in tumor volume following treatment and the number of rats showing regression vs progression served as indicators of therapy response. The results showed a clear dose dependence, and for each infusion time the 30 mg/kg dose was the most effective, without any signs of general toxicity. At this dose the longest infusion time (24 h) was less effective (regression in three of six rats) compared with 1-h or 5-h treatments (four of five in regression). In experiment B either one or five daily FdUrd doses (15, 30, 60 mg/kg) were administered i.a. for the same infusion times used in experiment A. After treatment, tumors were explanted ex vivo and approximately 1-g tissues samples were immediately frozen in liquid nitrogen for storage.19F-NMR spectroscopy at 11.7 T was used to quantify FdUrd metabolites [5-fluorouracil (FUra),α-fluoro-β-alanine (FβAla.), 5-fluorouracil nucleosides and nucleotides (F-Nuc)] in the solid tumor tissue samples (maintained at 4° C) with a detection threshold of about 5 nmol/g. The metabolite signal pattern indicated that FdUrd is first converted to FUra, followed by anabolism primarily to nucleotides in the oxy form (e.g. FUTP). The total amount of fluorine detected in tumor tissue increased with dose and decreased with infusion time. For all treatments FNuc could be detected, even after 24 h infusion, and their levels showed a good linear correlation with the total F. The major catabolite FβAla was present in tumor at low levels that correlated poorly with total F, indicating recirculation from other organs (e.g. liver) as the main source. Thus, the NMR method can provide detailed information regarding the efficiency of locoregional treatment (catheter function, drug uptake and metabolism). Initial results of non-invasive in vivo NMR experiments are also presented.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    ISSN: 1432-1335
    Keywords: Sprague-Dawley-Ratten ; Verimpfen von Yoshida-Sarkom-Zellen ; Colon descendens ; Cyclophosphamid ; BCNU ; Methyl-CCNU ; Sprague-Dawley rats ; Inoculation of Yoshida sarcoma cells ; Descending colon ; Cyclophosphamide ; BCNU ; Methyl-CCNU
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary Three thousand Yoshida sarcoma cells were inoculated into the wall of the descending colon of each of 120 male Sprague-Dawley rats. On day 8 after the tumor implantation, the animals were at random divided into four groups of 30 rats each. The effect of cyclophosphamide (70 mg/kg), BCNU (25 mg/kg), and methyl-CCNU (45 mg/kg) after single i.p. application was investigated. The Yoshida sarcoma transplanted into the colon is sensitive to all three chemotherapeutic drugs. At the doses given cyclophosphamide showed the best results. The two nitrosoureas had a comparable antitumor activity but methyl-CCNU showed a more distinct toxic effect. The introduction of this model for testing new cytostatics in animal experiments is discussed.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Einhundertzwanzig männlichen Sprague-Dawley-Ratten wurden jeweils 3000 Zellen eines Yoshida-Sarkoms in die Wand des Colon descendens verimpft. Am 8. Tag nach der Tumorimplantation wurden die Tiere randomisiert in vier Versuchsgruppen von jeweils 30 Ratten aufgeteilt. Die Wirkung von Cyclophosphamid (70 mg/kg), BCNU (25 mg/kg) und Methyl-CCNU (45 mg/kg) bei einmaliger i.p. Gabe wurde untersucht. Das ins Colon transplantierte Yoshida-Sarkom ist gegeüber allen drei Chemotherapeutika sensibel. Bei den gewählten Dosierungen zeigte Cyclophosphamide die günstigsten Ergebnisse. Die beiden Nitrosoharnstoffe waren in ihrer Antitumoraktivität vergleichbar, während bei Methyl-CCNU die toxischen Wirkungen sich als ausgeprägter erwiesen. Der Einsatz des Modells im Rahmen der tierexperimentellen Prüfung neuer Cytostatika wird diskutiert.
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