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  • 11
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Novel generation of hormone receptor specificity by amino terminal processing of peptide YY
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications 186 (1992), S. 1299-1306 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-291X
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0006-291X(05)81547-5
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  • 12
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The syndrome of hypertension and hyperkalaemia with normal glomerular function (Gordon's syndrome) (1987)
    Springer
    Pediatric nephrology 1 (1987), S. 473-478 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-198X
    Keywords: Tubular function ; Atrial natriuretic peptide ; Hypertension ; Acidosis ; Hyperkalaemia
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract A 14-year-old boy with the syndrome of hypertension and hyperkalaemia with normal glomerular filtration rate (Gordon's syndrome) is described. The patient's clinical symptoms consisted of periodic paralysis, slight metabolic acidosis of the proximal type and hypercalciuria. Prostaglandin excretion was normal. Infusion of atrial natriuretic peptide had no effect on electrolyte excretion or glomerular function although a normal increase in cyclic guanosine monophosphate was demonstrated in plasma and urine. This lack of sensitivity to atrial natriuretic peptide offers a new pathophysiological concept in this syndrome. Treatment with hydrochlorothiazide was successful in this case.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00849256
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  • 13
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Congenital nephrogenic diabetes insipidus — vasopressin and prostaglandins in response to treatment with hydrochlorothiazide and indomethacin (1987)
    Springer
    Pediatric nephrology 1 (1987), S. 485-490 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-198X
    Keywords: Hydrochlorothiazide ; Indomethacin ; Nephrogenic diabetes insipidus ; Prostaglandins ; Vasopressin
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract In four boys with congenital nephrogenic diabetes insipidus, plasma arginine-vasopressin (AVP) and urinary excretion of prostaglandins were studied in response to treatment with hydrochlorothiazide and indomethacin. An abnormal relationship between AVP and urine osmolality was demonstrated in all patients. In the first patient, treatment with indomethacin (3 mg/kg per day) resulted in a drop of the inulin and paraminohippurate clearances. In the other three patients urinary excretion of PGE2 was raised, and fell during treatment with hydrochlorothiazide (2 mg/kg per day) and indomethacin (2 mg/kg per day). Urine flow, free water clearance and osmolar clearance decreased during treatment. A combination of both drugs is more effective than hydrochlorothiazide alone and the effect appears to be additive.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00849258
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  • 14
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Atrial natriuretic peptide and sodium homeostasis in chronic renal failure (1989)
    Springer
    Pediatric nephrology 3 (1989), S. 397-400 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-198X
    Keywords: Aldosterone ; Atrial natriuretic peptide ; Chronic renal failure ; Dopamine ; Noradrenaline ; Sodium homeostasis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract In order to evaluate the possible role of vasoactive hormones in the mechanism of exaggerated sodium loss due to reduced renal mass we measured plasma concentration of atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP), aldosterone, plasma renin activity (PRA), plasma noradrenaline, and dopamine, in 12 children with advanced chronic renal failure (mean CIn17.8-2.6,x± SEM, CPAH93.5±17 ml/min per 1.73 m2, FENa7.0±0.95%). No patient had clinical signs of volume overload. Plasma concentrations of ANP were not significantly different from those of healthy agematched controls (29.2±7.2 vs 23.2±3.1 fmol/ml) and did not correlate with urinary sodium excretion. Plasma concentrations of aldosterone, PRA and noradrenaline, were also within the physiological range, while plasma dopamine levels were elevated (260±36 vs 98±11 pg/ml, 〈0.001). Our data do not support the notion that ANP or the renin-aldosterone axis play a major role in the adaptation of remaining nephrons to maintain long-term sodium balance in normotensive children with chronic renal failure.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00850214
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  • 15
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Atrial natriuretic peptide and cyclic 3′5′-guanosine monophosphate as indicators of fluid volume overload in children with chronic renal failure (1992)
    Springer
    Pediatric nephrology 6 (1992), S. 60-64 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-198X
    Keywords: Atrial natriuretic peptide ; Cyclic 3′5′-guanosine monophosphate ; Chronic renal failure ; Haemodialysis ; Volume overload
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Plasma atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) and cyclic 3′5′-guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) were investigated as indicators of fluid volume overload in children and adolescents with chronic renal failure. Plasma ANP and cGMP were measured in both paediatric patients with chronic renal failure (n=17, mean serum creatinine 371±242 μmol/l) and those with end-stage renal disease on haemodialysis (n=18). cGMP was higher in children with chronic renal failure than in 45 healthy controls (1.0±0.4 vs 2.1±0.8 nmol/l,P〈0.01), whereas plasma ANP was similar (26.9±9.7 vs 34.0±12.3 pmol/l). Both ANP and cGMP were markedly elevated in children with end-stage renal disease before haemodialysis and fell significantly during dialysis. During dialysis body weight decreased by 1.6±0.7 kg, corresponding to 4.5±2.1% of body weight. Plasma ANP correlated positively with plasma cGMP in haemodialysed patients (r=0.43,P〈0.05). Reduction in body weight and in mean arterial pressure correlated more closely with plasma ANP than with cGMP. Therefore, elevation of plasma ANP appears to indicate volume overload in children undergoing haemodialysis, but whether it can be used also in children with chronic renal failure requires further investigation
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00856837
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  • 16
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Increased kallikrein excretion in spontaneously hypertensive rats and its inhibition by 6-hydroxydopamine (1980)
    Springer
    Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology 313 (1980), S. 155-157 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1912
    Keywords: Spontaneosly hypertensive rats ; Urinary kallikrein ; Sympathetic activity ; 6-Hydroxydopamine
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Urinary kallikrein excretion was studied in young, stroke-prone, spontaneously hypertensive rats (spSHR). Seven-week-old spSHR were found to excrete more kallikrein into the urine than normotensive Wistar Kyoto control rats (WKR). “Chemical sympathectomy”, induced by 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) immediately after birth, resulted in normotensive blood-pressure levels and in a reduction of kallikrein in spSHR. In normotensive WKR, blood pressure and urinary kallikrein excretion were only slightly diminished by 6-OHDA. The results suggest a relationship between sympathetic activity and kallikrein excretion, being especially pronounced in spSHR, which have an elevated sympathetic activity.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00498573
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  • 17
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Reversal of renal hypertension: Effects on renin, salt and water balance (1978)
    Springer
    Journal of molecular medicine 56 (1978), S. 23-29 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Keywords: Renale Hypertonie ; Entfernung einer Nierenarterienstenose ; Renaler Salz- und Flüssigkeitsverlust ; Renin-Angiotensin System ; Renal hypertension ; Removal of one artery stenosis ; Salt and fluid loss ; Renin-angiotensin system
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary The effect of removal of one renal artery stenosis on renal sodium and fluid excretion and on the activity of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) has been investigated in three types of renal hypertension of rats. Blood pressure fell in all experimental models after declamping, independently of changes in urinary sodium and water excretion or plasma angiotensin II (ANG II). Plasma concentrations of ANG II did not rise in response to salt and fluid loss induced by declamping when the contralateral kidney had been removed or when it was depleted from renin. A high renin content of the declamped kidney prevented major salt and fluid loss, whereas renin depletion of this kidney was accompanied by an exaggerated natriuresis and diuresis. Besides this tubular modulation of renal salt and water handling by the local RAS, glomerular filtration rate could be reduced by a stimulated activity of this system in plasma, indicated by a close relationship between serum urea and plasma ANG II levels.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung An drei verschiedenen Modellen des renalen Hochdrucks der Ratte wurde der Einfluß der Entfernung einer Nierenarterienstenose auf die renale Salz- und Wasserausscheidung, die Aktivität des Renin-Angiotensin Systems und die Höhe des Blutdrucks untersucht. Der erhöhte Blutdruck fiel nach Entklammerung in allen Modellen auf Normalwerte ab, unabhängig von den ausgeschiedenen Mengen an Salz und Flüssigkeit und den Änderungen der Plasma Angiotensin II Konzentrationen. Dabei wurden stimulierte Werte für Angiotensin II im Plasma als Folge des Salz- und Flüssigkeitsverlustes nach Entklammerung nur dann beobachtet, wenn die kontralaterale Niere nicht zuvor bereits entfernt oder reninverarmt war. Der plötzliche Anstieg des renalen Perfusionsdruckes nach Entfernung der Stenose führte zu starken Salz- und Flüssigkeitsverlusten, wenn der Reningehalt der betreffenden Niere gering war, während ein hoher Nierenreningehalt mit einer verringerten Elektrolyt- und Wasserausscheidung einherging. Neben dieser tubulären Modulation der renalen Salz- und Wasserausscheidung durch das lokale Nierenrenin-Angiotensin System kann die Stimulation dieses Systems im Plasma über Veränderungen der glomerulären Filtrationsrate die Nierenfunktion beeinflussen. Dies wird deutlich in Situationen, die mit renalem Salz- und Wasserverlust einhergehen; dabei finden sich enge Beziehungen zwischen der Höhe der Plasma-Harnstoff- und der Angiotensin II Werte.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01477449
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  • 18
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Inhibition of the renin-angiotensin-system in brattleboro rats with hereditary hypothalamic diabetes insipidus (1978)
    Springer
    Journal of molecular medicine 56 (1978), S. 67-70 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Keywords: Angiotensin II ; Diabetes insipidus Ratten ; Antidiurese ; SQ 14 225 ; Furosemid ; Angiotensin II ; Diabetes insipidus rats ; Antidiuresis ; SQ 14225 ; Furosemide
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary Brattleboro rats homozygous for hypothalamic hereditary diabetes insipidus (DI rats) were used to investigate the following questions: a) Do exogenous and endogenous angiotensin II (AII) have an antidiuretic effect in diabetes insipidus? b) Does AII mediate the antidiuresis induced by furosemide? The following results were obtained: 1. AII (5 mg/kg s.c. in oil) and furosemide (50 mg/kg i.p.) decreased urine flow and increased urinary sodium excretion. Furosemide led to a two-fold increase of AII plasma concentrations and a decrease of plasma sodium levels. 2. SQ 14 225 (2×2.5 mg/kg p.o.), an angiotensin I-converting enzyme inhibitor, led to an increase of urine flow and to a slightly elevated urinary sodium excretion. 3. When the formation of AII was blocked by SQ 14 225 (2×2.5 mg/kg p.o.), AII plasma concentrations were 2.5-fold decreased, but furosemide still reduced urine flow. We conclude that plasma AII might have an antidiuretic action in DI rats. However, AII does not mediate the antidiuresis induced by furosemide.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Bei Brattleboro-Ratten mit hereditärem hypothalamischen Diabetes insipidus (DI Ratten) wurden folgende Fragen untersucht: a) Wirken exogenes and endogenes Angiotensin II (AII) antidiuretisch bei Diabetes insipidus? b) Vermittelt AII den antidiuretischen Effekt von Furosemid? Ergebnisse: 1. AII (5 mg/kg s.c. in Ö1) und Furosemid (50 mg/kg i.p.) verminderten die Urin- und erhöhten die renale Natriumausscheidung. Furosemid führte zu einem zweifachen Anstieg der AII Plasma Konzentration und zur Verminderung der Plasma-Natrium Konzentration. 2. SQ 14 225 (2×2,5 mg/kg p.o.), ein Hemmer des Angiotensin I Converting Enzym, führte zu einer Zunahme der Urin- und der renalen Natriumausscheidung. 3. Auch wenn die Bildung von AII mit SQ 14 225 (2×2,5 mg/kg p.o.) blockiert wurde, reduzierte Furosemid die Urinausscheidung, obwohl die AII Plasma Konzentration 2,5fach vermindert war. Wir schließen daraus, daß Plasma AII bei DI Ratten antidiuretisch wirken kann. Allerdings vermittelt AII nicht den antidiuretischen Effekt von Furosemid.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01477455
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  • 19
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects ofβ-adrenergic blocking agents on peripheral vascular resistance (1978)
    Springer
    Journal of molecular medicine 56 (1978), S. 87-90 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Keywords: β-Rezeptorenblocker ; peripherer Widerstand ; β 1-Selektivität ; β-adrenergic blocking agents ; Peripheral resistance ; β 1-selectivity
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary The effects of the beta-adrenergic blocking agents propranolol, pindolol, atenolol, bunitrolol, and methypranol on the vascular resistance of isolated perfused hindlimbs of rats were investigated. At concentrations of 0.01 µg/ml in the perfusate dl-propranolol und pindolol significantly increased vascular resistance by blockade ofβ 2-receptor mediated vasodilatation, whereas atenolol, bunitrolol and methypranol had no effect on peripheral resistance at this concentration. With increasing concentrations up to 10 µg/ml all drugs, with the exception of atenolol, caused vasodilatation. We conclude that the specificity of beta-blocking agents can be established in the isolated perfused hindlimb vasculature of rats through its effect on vascular resistance. The lack of inhibition of vascularβ 2-receptors at low concentrations of atenolol and also bunitrolol and methypranol show relative selectivity forβ 1-receptors. The differential effects ofβ-adrenergic agents on vascular resistance may have significance for the clinical use of the drugs.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Untersucht wurde der Einfluß derβ-Rezeptorenblocker Propranolol, Pindolol, Atenolol, Bunitrolol und Methypranol auf den Gefäßwiderstand der isoliert perfundierten Hinterextremität der Ratte. Bei einer Konzentration von 0,01 µg/ml im Perfusat erhöhten dl-Propranolol und Pindolol den Widerstand deutlich, da die durchβ 2-Rezeptoren vermittelte Vasodilatation ausgeschaltet wurde. Atenolol, Bunitrolol und Methypranol hatten dagegen bei dieser Konzentration keinen Einfluß auf den peripheren Widerstand. Mit steigenden Konzentrationen bis zu 10 µg/ml wirkten alle Pharmaka mit Ausnahme von Atenolol vasodilatatorisch. Wir folgern, daß die Selektivität derβ-Rezeptorenblocker in der isoliert perfundierten Hinterextremität der Ratte durch ihren Effekt auf den Gefäßwiderstand festgestellt werden kann. Wie Atenolol zeigen auch Bunitrolol und Methypranol relative Selektivität fürβ 1-Rezeptoren, da sie in niedrigen Konzentrationen die vaskulärenβ 2-Rezeptoren nicht beeinflussen. Der unterschiedliche Einfluß derβ-Rezeptorenblocker auf den Gefäßwiderstand könnte für die klinische Anwendung der Medikamente Bedeutung haben.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01477458
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  • 20
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Role of diuretics, hormonal derangements, and clinical setting of hyponatremia in medical patients (1988)
    Springer
    Journal of molecular medicine 66 (1988), S. 662-669 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Keywords: Hyponatremia ; Vasopressin ; Thirst ; Diuretics ; Cardiac failure ; Cirrhosis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Because hyponatremia is frequently associated with preceding diuretic treatment and unrestricted fluid indake — conditions which have not been addressed sufficiently in published literature — we studied the pathophysiology and the clinical setting of such hyponatremia in a large group of internal medicine patients. We observed: a) Of an initial 310 patients with chemical hyponatremia only 204 (64%) had an associated plasma hypoosmolality. Sience a normal plasma osmolality excludes a disturbance of water metabolism only the 204 patients with hypoosmolar hyponatremia were included in the study. This data shows that plasma osmolality is an essential measurement in any evaluation of hyponatremia. b) In 204 consecutive patients with hypoosmolar hyponatremia the electrolyte disturbance was related to advanced congestive cardiac failure in 25%, decompensated liver cirrhosis in 18%, volume contraction in 28%, syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion in 19% and renal insufficiency in 4%. c) Plasma vasopressin was measurable in 90% of the 204 patients. It is known that radioimmunoassays to measure vasopressin fail to reliably detect low concentrations of circulating vasopressin (〈0.5 pg/ml). It may therefore be stated that hypoosmolar hyponatremia was generally characterized by a failure of antidiuretic hormone suppression. d) Mean daily fluid intake of hyponatremic patients was 2.35±0.15 l. In the presence of stimulated vasiopressin this large a fluid intake is bound to worsen the severity of hyponatremia. e) Of 204 patients 126 were treated with diuretics at the time of study. In these patients hyponatremia worsened during such treatments and was associated with evidence of prerenal azotemia. However there were no significant differences between diuretic-treated and -untreated patients with respect to plasma vasopressin stimulation and amount of fluid intake. In conclusion, stimulated vasopressin and high fluid intake explain the hyponatremia observed in the present study. This applied similary to diuretictreated and -untreated patients.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01726923
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