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  • 1
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Keywords: Duodenal ulcer ; Controls ; Urinary minerals ; Urinary oxalate and citrate ; Highly selective vagotomy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The urinary excretion of calcium, oxalate, citrate and magnesium, and the relative saturation products in urine of either calcium oxalate or calcium phosphate, were determined in male duodenal ulcer (DU) patients preoperatively (n=60), and 1 and 5 years following highly selective vagotomy (HSV), and in male healthy controls (n=30). In DU before HSV citrate and magnesium were lowered, oxalate was in the low normal range and calcium was normal. The calcium oxalate product was lower than in controls, while the calcium phosphate product was unchanged. Within 5 years HSV normalized urinary citrate and oxalate, but not urinary magnesium, and the median urinary pH was lower than pre-operatively. There thus results a normal product for calcium oxalate, but a reduced one for calcium phosphate. It is suggested that: (1) unoperated DU patients have a urine composition similar to that cxhibited in normocalciuric recurrent calcium urolithiasis; (2) this spectrum of urinary constituents may be changed by HSV.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of molecular medicine 62 (1984), S. 595-597 
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Keywords: Plasma somatostatin ; Islet hormones ; Biliary stone patients ; Control subjects
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary We have searched for elevated basal plasma somatostatin in patients with documented cholelithiasis (n=37) and compared the data with healthy control subjects (n=27). Using an acidic assay system for measuring somatostatin in unprocessed plasma, we could not find deviations from normal values in biliary stone patients. Also basal blood levels of other islet cell hormones (insulin, glucagon) and minerals (calcium, magnesium) are unchanged. Further studies are needed to find out whether an abnormal response of plasma somatostatin to appropriate stimuli can play a role in the etiology of biliary stones.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Regulatory Peptides 40 (1992), S. 247 
    ISSN: 0167-0115
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    ISSN: 0167-0115
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    ISSN: 1435-1420
    Keywords: Key words MOF – epidemiology – Goris score – Moore score – SOFA score ; Schlüsselwörter MOV – Epidemiologie – Goris-Score – Moore-Score – SOFA-Score
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Fragestellung: Interdisziplinäre Erfassung des Auftretens eines Multiorganversagens bei Patienten auf operativen und nicht-operativen Intensivstationen.¶   Methode: Prospektive, offene klinische Studie auf operativen und nichtoperativen Intensivstationen. Einschluss aller Patienten mit einer Behandlungsdauer über 48 Stunden auf einer Intensivstation in einem 3-Monatszeitraum. Tägliche Erhebung epidemiologischer Basisdaten und physiologischer Parameter zur Berechnung des SOFA-, Moore- und Goris-Scores. Analyse von Differenzwerten zwischen den Behandlungstagen und Korrelation mit dem Überleben hinsichtlich Aufnahmediagnosen und Fachgebieten.¶   Ergebnisse: 443 Patienten wurden eingeschlossen und 4880 Beobachtungstage dokumentiert. Es bestand ein Übergewicht an operativ behandelten Patienten (allgemeinchirurgisch (119 Pat.), unfallchirurgisch (163 Pat.), neurochirurgisch (82 Pat.)) gegenüber konservativ behandelten Patienten (Innere Medizin (49 Pat.), Neurologie (19 Pat.)). Überlebende wurden durchschnittlich 8 Tage und Verstorbene 6 Tage intensivmedizinisch behandelt. Die Gesamtmortalität betrug 17,3%. Fachspezifisch wiesen die nicht-operativen Fächer eine höhere Letalität auf mit einem höheren MOV-Score bei Aufnahme nach Goris als die operativ behandelten Patienten. Bei der Auswertung der Differenzwerte differenzierte der SOFA-Score am besten bezüglich Überleben und Versterben. Die Wertigkeit des Goris-Scores unterschied mit und ohne Verwendung der Parameter für ZNS und Gastrointestinaltrakt signifikant unterschiedlich zwischen überlebenden und verstorbenen Patienten.¶   Schlussfolgerung: Mit der vorliegenden Studie wurde ein erster interdisziplinärer intensivmedizinischer Basisdatensatz für Patienten 6 verschiedener Fachgebiete erhoben und verglichen. Es konnten fachgebietsspezifische Unterschiede bezüglich Struktur der Patientenkollektive und der Mortalität gezeigt werden. Diese haben Auswirkungen auf die Stratifizierung von Patientengruppen im Rahmen weiterer fachgebietsübergreifender Studien. Die klinische Einschätzung der Häufigkeit eines MOV als Todesursache und die der täglichen Zustandsänderung des Patienten im Rahmen seiner Erkrankung wurde von allen Scores nicht ausreichend widergespiegelt. Obgleich der SOFA-Score am zuverlässigsten über alle Fachbereiche zur Beurteilung des klinischen Verlaufs geeignet erscheint, ist die interdisziplinäre Weiterentwicklung eines fachübergreifenden Scores zur Beurteilung eines Multiorganversagens erforderlich.
    Notes: Summary Objective The aim of this prospective study was to describe a collective of patients with respect to the manifestation of multiple organ failure in operative and non-operative intensive care units.¶   Methods: Included were all patients treated longer than 48 hours in a participating intensive care unit. Basic epidemiologic data and physiological parameters were recorded and three different score values (SOFA, Moore and Goris scores) were calculated for each day in the intensive care unit and presented according to the particular specialty. A delta score value for each patient was calculated from the first and last recorded value and was compared to the outcome of the patient (survivor/non-survivor). With the Kohen-Kappa coefficient the daily change of the score value relating to an improvement or deterioration was referred to the clinical assessment. Further statistical analysis was performed with Mann-Whitney U test and by means of ANOVA.¶   Results: 443 patients were included and 4880 observation days were recorded. There was an over-representation of operative patients (general surgery (119 pat.), trauma surgery (163 pat.), neurosurgery (82 pat.)) compared to non-operative patients (medicine (49 pat.), neurology (19 pat.)). Survivors stayed 8 and non-survivors 6 days in the intensive care unit. Overall mortality was 17.3%.¶   Non-operative specialties had a higher mortality with a significantly higher Goris multiple organ failure score on admission for neurologic patients and a higher Goris multiple organ failure score for medical patients (not significant) compared to operative patients.¶   The delta SOFA score value is the most powerful to indicate survival or death compared to the other two delta scores. The Goris score on admission produces statistically significant differences concerning survivors and non-survivors even without the gastrointestinal and central nervous system, but is unreliable considering the delta score.¶   Conclusion: In the present investigation, a basic data set for patients from six different medical specialties were collected and compared. Faculty-specific differences between sets of patients and mortality were shown. This will have consequences for stratifying groups of patients for further interdisciplinary investigation. Clinical assessment of the incidence of multiple organ failure and clinical assessment of changes in daily multiple organ failure status were poorly mirrored by all scores under surveillance. Considering delta score values, the SOFA score is the most reliable score for interdisciplinary description of survival or non-survival. Although the SOFA score seems most reliable for describing a patient‘s clinical course, there is a need for the development of a comprehensive, interdisciplinary score for assessment of multiple organ failure.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    ISSN: 1433-0385
    Keywords: Key words: Neural network ; Critically ill patients. ; Schlüsselwörter: Neuronales Netzwerk ; Prognose ; Intensivpatient.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung. Im Zeitraum 1. 11. 1993 bis 30. 3. 1997 wurden 1149 allgemeinchirurgische Intensivpatienten prospektiv erfaßt, von denen 114 die Kriterien des septischen Schocks erfüllten. Die Letalität der Patienten mit einem septischen Schock betrug 47,3 %. Nach Training eines neuronalen Netzes mit 91 (von insgesamt n = 114) Patienten ergab die Testung bei den verbleibenden 23 Patienten bei der Berücksichtigung von Parameterveränderungen vom 1. auf den 2. Tag des septischen Schocks folgendes Ergebnis: Alle 10 verstorbenen Patienten wurden korrekt als nicht überlebend vorhergesagt, von den 13 Überlebenden wurden 12 korrekt als überlebend vorhergesagt (Sensitivität 100 %; Spezifität 92,3 %).
    Notes: Summary. From 1. 11. 93 to 30. 3. 97, 1149 patients were prospectively studied during their ICU stay. Of them,114 met the criteria of septic shock, with lethality of 47.3 %. A neural network was trained with datasets from 91 of these 114 patients. Testing the trained neural network with the remaining 23 patients, the following result was obtained: all 10 patients dying from septic shock were correctly predicted; of 13 surviving patients, 12 were correctly identified (sensitivity 100 %; specifity 92.3 %).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Der Chirurg 69 (1998), S. 648-655 
    ISSN: 1433-0385
    Keywords: Key words: SIRS ; Sepsis ; Septic shock. ; Schlüsselwörter: SIRS („systemic inflammatory response syndrome“) ; Sepsis ; septischer Schock.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung. Das Krankheitsbild der Sepsis wird teilweise sehr unterschiedlich definiert. In vorliegender Arbeit werden deshalb die Definitionen einer „Consensus Conference“ (ACCP/CCM) bei allgemeinchirurgischen Intensivpatienten angewendet und auf ihre praktische Konsequenz hin überprüft. In einem Zeitraum von 2 Jahren wurden 656 Patienten während ihres Intensivaufenthaltes prospektiv erfaßt. 335 Patienten (51,1 %) des Gesamtkollektivs zeigten ein SIRS („systemic inflammatory response syndrome“). Von diesen gelang bei 65 Patienten ein Infektnachweis, womit sie die geforderten Bedingungen der Sepsis erfüllten. Von diesen 65 Sepsispatienten entwickelten 47 einen septischen Schock mit einer Letalität von 53,2 %. SIRS ist bzgl. des Kriteriums Überleben/Nichtüberleben sehr sensitiv, aber wenig spezifisch. SIRS und Sepsis erscheinen klinisch wenig relevant, dagegen läßt sich mit dem Begriff „septischer Schock“ eine Hochrisikogruppe beschreiben, die es weiter zu charakterisieren gilt.
    Notes: Summary. This paper uses definitions of a consensus conference (ACCP/CCM) describing the epidemiology of SIRS, sepsis and septic shock in surgical ICU patients. During a period of 2 years a total of 656 patients were prospectively enrolled into the study. 335 patients (51.1 % of the total population) developed SIRS (systemic inflammatory response syndrome); in 65 of these patients infection could be documented, i. e. they met the criteria of sepsis. 47 of these 65 septic patients developed septic shock, with mortality of 53.2 %. SIRS is associated with a high sensitivity but a low specificity in predecting the outcome of ICU patients. Moreover, SIRS and sepsis appear to be of minor clinical relevance. On the contrary, septic shock describes a very high risk group of patients which should be characterized more closely in future studies.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    ISSN: 1433-0385
    Keywords: Key words: Postoperative icterus ; Critically ill patients. ; Schlüsselwörter: Postoperativer Ikterus ; Intensivpatienten.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung. Der Ikterus des Intensivpatienten kann differentialdiagnostische Probleme bereiten. In vorliegender Arbeit werden deshalb pathophysiologisch relevante Mechanismen herausgearbeitet. Darüber hinaus wird auf eine mögliche prognostische Bedeutung eingegangen. Insgesamt wurden 1275 Patienten prospektiv erfaßt. 7,6 % entwickelten eine Hyperbilirubinämie von mindestens 2 mg/dl. Die Letalität des ikterischen Kollektivs lag mit 29 % deutlich höher als bei nichtikterischen Patienten. Pathophysiologisch relevant sind ein septisches Geschehen, vermehrte Gabe von Blut und Schockphasen. Dem Ikterus des Intensivpatienten kommt per se keine prognostische Bedeutung zu, er ist Ausdruck der Schwere der Grunderkrankung, die in der Regel durch die Sepsis definiert ist.
    Notes: Summary. Jaundice in critically ill patients may be difficult to explain. This study analyzes pathophysiologically relevant data, and discusses the prognostic value of hyperbilirubinemia. A total of 1275 patients were prospectively enrolled; 7.6 % developed hyperbilirubinemia of at least 2 mg/dl. Mortality in icteric patients was significantly higher (29 %) than in the non-icteric group. Sepsis, shock and the number of blood transfusions are very important in hyperbilirubinemia. Nevertheless, in critically ill patients, jaundice per se is not a sign of poor outcome; indeed it only reflects the underlying disease.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Research in experimental medicine 175 (1979), S. 293-299 
    ISSN: 1433-8580
    Keywords: Highly selective vagotomy ; Superselective vagotomy ; 2-Deoxy-D-glucose test ; Restraint stress ; Gastric secretion ; Mucosal blood flow
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary In male Sprague-Dawley rats a microsurgical technique for highly selective vagotomy (HSV; syn. proximal gastric vagotomy) and for superselective vagotomy (SSV; cutting of proximal vagal fibers but sparing the blood vessels) has been developed. Basal acid secretion in both preparations was appr. 60% lower than in sham-operated controls. Acid response to 2-Deoxy-D-glucose (35 mg/kg/h over 4 h) was negative in HSV and SSV rats, whereas in sham rats acid output rose significantly. HSV, during mild stress (=control conditions), renders rats more susceptible to gastric stress ulcerations, whereas SSV with intact mucosal blood flow protects gastric mucosa almost completely. Although SSV, during severe restraint stress, cannot prevent the stress-induced breakdown of mucosal blood flow, gastric ulcerations are reduced to 40% of HSV and sham-operated control rats. SSV appears an elegant tool in stress ulcer research.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    ISSN: 1433-8580
    Keywords: Glucagon ; Rat ; Gastric secretion ; Ulcers
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary In non-stressed rats and rats stressed by immobilization, gastric secretion (acid, pepsin), mucosal blood flow (MBF), stress ulcers as well as glucose, insulin, and glucagon in blood were studied during 8 h, with and without additional infusion of exogenous glucagon (0.2, 1.4, 9.8 µg/kg/h). Metabolic clearance of glucagon and the disappearance half-time of exogenous glucagon from blood do not differ during zero stress and stress, a fact that favors the assumption of hypersecretion of glucagon as the cause of stress hyperglucagonemia. During stress alone acid secretion (volume, acidity) and MBF are lower than during zero stress; pepsin remains unchanged. Under zero stress condition additionally administered glucagon inhibits pepsin and MBF, but not acid secretion, in a dose-dependent manner. The ulcer index increased without changing the severity of ulcers. During stress the intermediate and highest glucagon doses stimulate MBF and pepsin secretion, other variables remaining unchanged. It is concluded that glucagon effects on functions of the gastric mucosa in the rat vary fundamentally, depending upon the environmental conditions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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