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  • 1
    ISSN: 1432-1084
    Keywords: Key words: CSF fistulae ; Dural lesions ; MR cisternography ; CT cisternography
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract. The aim of this study was to compare a new MRI method for detecting the existence of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) fistulae, i. e. MR cisternography, with CT cisternography. In a prospective study, 30 patients with post-traumatic CSF fistulae were examined. The MR examinations were performed with a 1.0-T whole-body MR system, using two T2*-weighted sequences, a 3D PSIF (time-inversed fast imaging with steady-state precession, FISP) and a 3D constructive interference steady-state (CISS) sequence. The results of MRI and CT cisternography were compared with the surgical findings. The sensitivity in detecting CSF fistulae with MR cisternography (PSIF: 89.9 %; CISS: 93.6 %) was higher than with CT cisternography (72.3 %). The sensitivity of CT cisternography at detecting CSF fistulae in patients with a size of dural lesion less than 2 mm or in patients with multiple dural lesions is significantly lower compared with the MR method. Although the localization of CSF fistulae always proved possible with MR cisternography, this could only be accomplished wih CT in 70 % of cases. The MR cisternography technique is a new examination method with a higher sensitivity for the detection of CSF fistulae than CT cisternography. The CISS technique is superior compared with PSIF and should be used in patients with high-flow CSF fistulas.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1432-1076
    Keywords: Key words Acute lymphoblastic leukaemia ; Neurophysiology ; CNS late effects ; Quality of life
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Monitoring of therapy-related late effects after acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL) therapy in childhood has become an increasingly important field in posttherapeutic patient surveillance. The usefulness of neurophysiological investigations (e.g. EEG, evoked potentials (EP)) as part of these attempts is controversial. The present report focuses on this problem and the question whether and to what extent routinely performed EEG recordings and visual evoked potentials (VEP) were correlated with further measures of CNS integrity. EEGs and VEPs were recorded in 163 asymptomatic long-term survivors of ALL in childhood during a large retrospective multicentre study evaluating CNS late sequelae following antileukaemic therapy. Fifty-two ALL long-term survivors (4.5–10.6 years after end of therapy, median: 8.8 years), who had been treated according to BFM-81 SR-A (n=30) or SR-B (n=22) were selected for this analysis focusing on therapy-related CNS late effects. Therapy protocols differed with regard to the mode for CNS prophylaxis: SR-A, cranial irradiation with intrathecal methotrexate; SR-B, intrathecal and iv methotrexate. Neurophysiological findings were correlated with illness- and treatment-related parameters, as well as with data on the morphological, neurological and psychological status of the CNS. At the time of follow-up neurophysiological measures were abnormal in 28/52 cases (53.8%). Neither illness- nor therapy-specific differences in CNS prophylaxis showed any relationship to EEG/VEP outcome any relationship to EEG/VEP outcome in this reduced group of the whole study population. Children with EEG/VEP abnormalities showed a significantly higher incidence of structural CNS disturbances compared to those with inconspicuous neurophysiological recordings (60.9% vs 31.8%). However, in this special subject group there was no specific neurophysiological finding for a specific morphological substrate, neurological or psychological deficiency and vice versa. Conclusion Routinely performed EEG/VEP investi gations are not very helpful measures to predict the presence or degree of behavioural deficiencies, neuro‐logical disturbances, or morphological CNS abnor‐malities. Patients who received cranial irradiation or systemic methotrexate applications showed the same incidence of neurophysiological disturbances without evidence for specific neurotoxic correlates.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    European journal of pediatrics 127 (1978), S. 255-262 
    ISSN: 1432-1076
    Keywords: Lymphoid malignancy ; Seizures ; Cranial computerized tomography
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Focal and generalized seizures occurred in 4 patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia and non-Hodgkin-lymphoma. The etiology of the neurological complications could be established by cranial computerized tomography (CT): i.e., 1. localized metastasis with calcification and 2. acute intracerebral hemorrhage during induction therapy in two patients with malignant lymphomas; 3. diffuse cerebral infiltration with blast cells and 4. cerebral atrophy in two children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia who were in relapse. Accurate diagnosis of cerebral complications in hemoblastoses is essential for appropriate therapy and CT may lead to more effective treatment in patients with lymphoid malignancy and seizures.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Acta neurochirurgica 89 (1987), S. 10-15 
    ISSN: 0942-0940
    Keywords: Cerebrospinal fluid rhinorrhea ; empty-sella syndrome ; intrasphenoidal encephalocele ; midline fusion defect ; transsphenoidal surgery
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary In the current classification basal encephaloceles are grouped together with real transsphenoidal encephaloceles. But those encephaloceles extending only into but not through the sphenoid sinus seem to represent a specific clinical entity and therefore should be regarded as a rare subgroup of sphenoidal encephaloceles. One personal case and six cases from the literature are reviewed, the own case being associated with an empty sella turcica. The initial sign is rhinorrhea, almost invariably. The association with other intracranial anomalies is uncommon. The extradural transsphenoidal or transethmoidal midline approach accompanied by a shunting procedure today is the most suitable method of surgical treatment.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    ISSN: 0942-0940
    Keywords: Giant aneurysm ; paraclinoid aneurysm ; intraoperative angiography ; endovascular retrograde suction decompression
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary In three consecutive cases of giant left sided paraclinoid aneurysms we employed an endovascular retrograde suction decompression technique in combination with intra-operative angiography. A double-lumen balloon catheter was placed in the left internal carotid artery by the transfemoral route. After balloon inflation and placement of a temporary clip distal to the aneurysm blood was aspirated and the aneurysm collapsed. Thus further dissection of the aneurysm could easily be achieved and clips could be placed. Afterwards real-time digital subtraction angiography was performed. Intra-operative angiography led to clip repositioning in all cases either due to a clip induced stenosis of the parent vessel, or because of incomplete aneurysm obliteration. Afterwards successful clipping could be confirmed in all cases. Outcome was excellent in one case, good in the other. The third case, extremely complicated by an accompanying craniopharyngioma, showed a satisfactory outcome, but presented new neurological deficits.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Acta neurochirurgica 131 (1994), S. 157-159 
    ISSN: 0942-0940
    Keywords: Pituitary adenoma ; Cushing's disease, inferior petrosal sinus sampling (IPSS) ; Raymond's syndrome
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Inferior petrosal sinus sampling (IPSS) is used to evaluate the pituitary-dependency of Cushing's disease, and to predict the laterality of a microadenoma prior to transsphenoidal operation. A serious complication occured in a 14-year-old boy: he suffered brain stem ischaemia with abducens nerve palsy and hemiparesis (Raymond's syndrome). The case prompted us to reconsider the indication for this investigation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Der Nervenarzt 71 (2000), S. 305-310 
    ISSN: 1433-0407
    Keywords: Schlüsselwörter Lyphom ; Tumorregression ; Steroide/Therapie ; Key words Lymphoma ; Neoplasm regression ; TU (therapeutic use) steroids
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary In recent years, the frequency of primary cerebral lymphoma (PCNSL) has increased, even among immunocompetent patients. In order to treat the disease optimally, early diagnosis is important. We present three patients with atypical courses of this disease and stress the importance of PCNSL in the differential diagnosis for optimal treatment. In a 75-year-old man, a space-occupying, radiopaque, enhancing CNS lesion disappeared completely after biopsy and short steroid therapy. One year later, the tumor recurred on the other side and again regressed after steroid therapy. The first biopsy showed signs of a papillary tumor, so a choroid plexus papilloma was suspected initially. A 57-year-old woman developed progressive bilateral hearing dysfunction. Lymphocytic pleocytosis led to a primary diagnosis of chronic lymphocytic meningitis. During the further course of disease, the patient developed multiple space-occupying cerebral lesions. Stereotactic biopsy revealed PCNSL. Despite combined chemo- and radiotherapy, a relapse occurred. A 49-year-old woman rapidly developed memory and concentration disturbances. Computed tomography revealed diffuse edema in both hemispheres and MRI detected severe, diffuse, white matter lesions. The CSF revealed lymphocytic pleocytosis including plasma cells. Herpes encephalitis and, after lack of clinical improvement and progression of the MRI changes, acute disseminated encephalomyelitis (ADEM) were suspected. Cortocosteroid treatment was initiated. After enormous clinical improvement, a clinical relapse occurred and MRI detected bitemporal and singular space-occupying lesions in the corpus callosum and hypothalamus. Finally, open biopsy showed PCNSL. However, on examination of the treatment history of patient 1, the initial diagnosis must be revised; a PCNSL seems most probable. The phenomenon of tumor remission under steroid administration is rare. In patients 2 and 3, atypical clinical signs and symptoms delayed diagnosis of PCNSL. This tumor can mimic diverse neurological diseases and remit following corticosteroid treatment alone. In unclear cerebral disease, biopsy should be performed early for exact diagnosis and optimal treatment.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Die Inzidenz primärer ZNS-Lymphome (PZNSL) hat in den letzten Jahren deutlich zugenommen. Um eine optimale Therapie zu ermöglichen, ist eine rasche Diagnosestellung wünschenswert. Anhand dreier Kasuistiken sollen ungewöhnliche klinische Verläufe dargestellt werden, um das PZNSL frühstmöglich in der Differentialdiagnostik mit zu berücksichtigen. Bei einem 75-jährigen Patienten wurde ein raumfordernder, trigonumnaher, kontrastmittelanreichernder Prozess computertomographisch festgestellt. Die stereotaktische Biopsie zeigte papilläres, reichlich vaskularisiertes Gewebe. Postoperativ trat eine lokale Blutung auf. Eine Corticosteroidtherapie wurde eingeleitet. Eine offene Tumorresektion wurde nicht durchgeführt. Bei erneuter klinischer Symptomatik – ein Jahr später – war dieser Prozess komplett remittiert, ein zweiter raumfordernder Prozess links frontopolar zeigte ebenfalls unter Corticosteroiden eine komplette Remission. Eine 57-jährige Patientin entwickelte eine zunehmende Ertaubung auf beiden Ohren. Eine lymphozytäre Pleozytose ließ zunächst eine chronische Meningitis vermuten. Im weiteren Verlauf über ca. Ein Jahr entwickelten sich multiple raumfordernde Prozesse. Die biotopische Klärung ergab ein Non-Hodgkin-Lymphom. Trotz kombinierter Strahlen- und Chemotherapie kam es zum Rezidiv. Eine 49-jährige Patientin zeigte erhebliche psychopathologische Auffälligkeiten. Im CCT bestand ein diffuses Ödem beider Hemisphären und im MRT eine dazu korrespondierende ausgeprägte diffuse Leukenzephalopatie. Im Liquor war eine lymphozytäre Pleozytose mit Plasmazellen nachweisbar. Es folgten Therapien zunächst unter der Annahme einer Herpesenzephalitis und später einer akuten disseminierte Enzephalomyelitis (ADEM). Nach klinischer Besserung und anschließendem Rückfall ergab die weitere Diagnostik bitemporal, im Corpus callosum und im Hypothalamus histologisch gesicherte multilokuläre PZNSL. Als wahrscheinlichste Diagnose bei Patient I und als histologisch gesicherte Diagnose bei den Patienten II und III ergaben sich PZNSL. Diese können diverse andere neurologische Erkrankungen imitieren und unter Corticoidmedikation wiederholt komplett remittieren. Bei unklaren Prozessen sollte daher frühzeitig eine histologische Klärung angestrebt werden.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    European archives of psychiatry and clinical neuroscience 231 (1981), S. 61-70 
    ISSN: 1433-8491
    Keywords: Pseudoxanthoma elasticum ; Cerebral infarcts ; Bilateral stenoses of the internal carotid arteries ; Lithium-Therapie ; Manisch-depressive Erkrankung ; Lithium-Vergiftung ; Lithium-Dauerschäden ; Kleinhirnatrophie
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Beim Grönblad-Strandberg-Syndrom (Pseudoxanthoma elasticum) liegt eine systemische Erkrankung des elastischen Gewebes vor. Neben typischen Haut- und Augenhintergrundveränderungen stellen insbesondere stenosierende Gefäßveränderungen für die Prognose wichtige Symptome dar. Verschiedene Autoren nahmen aufgrund mehrerer klinischer Beobachtungen eine Beteiligung des cerebrovasculären Systems an. Unsere neuroradiologischen Befunde unterstützen diese Annahme: Erstmalig bei diesem Syndrom konnten wir bei einem 45jährigen Patienten mit akut aufgetretener Hemisymptomatik computertomographisch ischämische Infarkte im Bereich beider Großhirnhemisphären nachweisen. Die cerebrale Angiographie zeigte beidseitige Stenosen der Aa. carotides internae sowie weitere Wandunregelmäßigkeiten der intrakraniellen Arterien.
    Notes: Summary The Grönblad-Strandberg-Syndrome (Pseudoxanthoma elasticum) is a systemic disease of the elastic tissue, typical symptoms being lesions of skin and ocular fundi. The frequently appearing vascular changes, particularly of occlusive nature, are important for the patient's prognosis. Several clinical observations have led different authors to assume cerebrovascular involvement. Our neuroradiological findings support this opinion: In this report on a 45-year-old patient with acute hemisyndrome, we demonstrated, for the first time using computerized tomography, ischemic infarcts of both cerebral hemispheres. Cerebral angiography showed bilateral stenoses of the internal carotid arteries with further irregularities of the lumen of the intracranial arteries.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    ISSN: 1432-1459
    Keywords: Alcoholic hyperlipidaemia ; Zieve syndrome ; Intracranial haemorrhage
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Zieve's syndrome (hyperlipidaemia, anaemia and fatty liver degeneration) may rarely occur with intracranial haemorrhage. Four patients suffering from both diseases are reported. Although it remains unclear whether there is a causal relationship between the two, it seems that hyperlipidaemia may be a major cause of intracranial bleeding. One reason for the small number of reported cases may be that hyperlipidaemic serum levels rapidly decrease after alcohol withdrawal.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    ISSN: 1432-1459
    Keywords: Status epilepticus ; Computed tomography ; Magnetic resonance imaging ; Single-photon emission computed tomography ; Cerebral oedema
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary A 35-year-old female patient suffering from epilepsy was examined during status epilepticus with simple partial and complex partial seizures by means of EEG, CT, MRI and ictal SPECT. All these examinations showed focal abnormalities with identical location due to oedema and hypervascularisation; these were, however, absent during examinations carried out before and after status epilepticus.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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