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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of molecular medicine 46 (1968), S. 1201-1207 
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary When examining the renin regulation of a twenty-year-old woman with Bartter-syndrome, we observed that forced natriuresis caused a marked elevation of renin activity characteristic of M. Addison, i.e. a state of sodium deficiency. This observation as well as other findings (such as marked increase of renin after inhibition of cortisol and aldosterone secretion by aminoglutethimide) suggest that the Barttersyndrome may be due to a connatal partial defect of the tubular reabsorption of sodium in front of the macula densa (injury of the Na-K-ATPase? partial resistance of the enzyme against cortisol?) which, through excitation of the chemoreceptors, at the macula densa, leads to constant stimulation of the renin secretion. The consecutive increase of aldosterone secretion exerts a compensatory effect on the decreased reabsorption of sodium in front of the macula densa in the distal tubule, which at the same time leads to alkalosis with decreased potassium deficiency. The Bartter-Syndrome, therefore, can be regarded as a disturbance of the tubular function accompanied primarily by a loss of sodium and secondarily by a loss of potassium. During the disease, a nephropathy with a potassium-deficiency and an appearance of primary aldosteronism may develop. The renin regulation in secondary aldosteronism present during anorexia nervosa is similar to that observed in Barttersyndrome; the cause of sodium deficiency stimulating the secretion of renin and aldosterone being however exogenous (undernutrition, increased loss by saluretics and laxatives), with the sodium deficiency disappearing after compensation of the negative sodium balance.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Die Prüfung der Reninregulation bei einer 20jährigen Patientin mit einem Bartter-Syndrom ergab unter einer forcierten Natriurese einen starken Anstieg der Plasmareninaktivität, wie es für den Morbus Addison, d.h. für einen Natriummangelzustand charakteristisch ist. Aus diesen und anderen Befunden (starker Anstieg der Plasmareninwerte nach Hemmung der Cortisol- und Aldosteronsynthese durch Aminoglutethimid) wird für das Bartter-Syndrom ursächlich ein angeborener partieller Defekt der tubulären Natriumrückresorption in Tubulusabschnitten vor der Macula densa (Schädigung der Na-K-ATPase?, partielle Cortisolresistenz des Enzyms?) diskutiert, die sekundär über die Erregung der Chemoreceptoren an der Macula densa zu einer ständigen Stimulierung der Reninsekretion führt. Durch die konsekutive Steigerung der Aldosteronsynthese wird die verminderte Natriumrückresorption vor der Macula densa im distalen Tubulus kompensiert, was aber gleichzeitig eine hypokaliämische Alkalose zur Folge hat. Das Bartter-Syndrom ist daher als primär natrium- und sekundär kaliumverlierende Tubulopathie zu bezeichnen. Im Verlaufe der Erkrankung kann sich eine kaliopenische Nephropathie und das Bild eines sekundär primären Aldosteronismus entwickeln. Ein ähnliches Verhalten der Reninregulation wie beim Bartter-Syndrom weist der sekundäre Aldosteronismus bei Anorexia nervosa auf, doch ist hier der ursächlich die Renin- und Aldosteronsekretion stimulierende Natriummangel exogen bedingt (mangelnde Zufuhr, erhöhte Verluste durch Saluretica und Laxantien) und verschwindet nach Ausgleichung der negativen Natriumbilanz.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Keywords: Myastenia gravis ; Autoimmune diseases ; Autoantibodies ; HLA
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary 81 patients with spontaneously acquired myasthenia gravis (MG) were investigated for the presence of autoimmune (AI) diseases and their sera were tested for a range of organ-specific autoantibodies. 77 of the patients were HLA-phenotyped. Antibody titres to acetylcholine receptors (AChR) were higher in non-thymomatous patients who possessed HLA-B8 (p〈0.05) and/or -DR3 (p〈0.05) as compared to patients lacking these HLA antigens. 3 out of 20 (15%) patients with ocular MG, 7/23 (30%) with generalized MG of early onset, 11/23 (48%) generalized MG of late onset and 5/14 (35%) patients with thymoma had either overt AI diseases or significant titres of organ-specific autoantibodies suggesting subclinical AI disease. In ocular MG, low titres and an infrequent finding of antibodies to AChR (32%) as well as the low prevalence of associated autoantibodies and AI diseases indicate that this subgroup of MG consists of patients with restricted AI reactivity. HLA-B8and -DR3 were present in all the patients with associated AI disorders in the young onset group but in none of the patients with old age of onset. In the young group, 6 out of 7 patients with associated AI conditions were women whereas the sex ratio was about equal in the older cases in both, patients with and without associated AI diseases or autoantibodies. We conclude from these observations that ageing provides conditions that allow the breakdown of self tolerance. The simultaneous presence of HLA B8, DR3 and female sex provide important additional factors for early expression of MG.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Keywords: Medullary thyroid carcinoma ; Prognostic factors ; Sporadic and familial form ; Age ; Sex ; Tumor stage at diagnosis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary A retrospective study of 741 patients with medullary thyroid carcinoma diagnosed between 1967 and 1991 was carried out by members of the German Medullary Thyroid Carcinoma Study Group to evaluate prognostic factors. A total of 559 patients (75%) were considered to have sporadic disease, and 182 (25%) had the familial type. The sex ratio (male to female) was 1:1.4 in sporadic disease patients, and the mean age at diagnosis was 45.9 years (range 5-81 years). For familial disease patients the sex ratio was 1:1.1, and the mean age at diagnosis was 33.4 (range 5–77 years). The follow-up time for 630 patients ranged from 1 month to 20.8 years (mean 13.0 years). The overall adjusted survival rate was 86.7% at 5 years and 64.2% at 10 years. In a univariate analysis the stage of disease at diagnosis, age, sex, and type of disease (sporadic, familial) were relevant prognostic factors, with a better prognosis for young female patients with familial disease and diagnosed at an early stage. In a multivariate proportional hazards analysis, the difference in the survival rate of patients with familial disease versus those with the sporadic form disappeared, while prognostic information provided by age and sex was still significant. The poorer prognosis of patients with sporadic medullary thyroid carcinoma may be related to the patients' older age at detection and more advanced tumor stage at diagnosis. There seems to be no difference in biological behavior between tumors of the sporadic and those of the familial type.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of cancer research and clinical oncology 121 (1995), S. 57-60 
    ISSN: 1432-1335
    Keywords: Disseminated histiocytosis X ; Pregnancy Spontaneous remission
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Disseminated histiocytosis X with cutaneous and lymph node involvement was diagnosed in a 25-year-old women. The diagnosis was established on the basis of a positive cell-surface staining with OKT 6 and typical signs on electron microscopy. Both the specific skin rash and lymph node swelling completely disappeared during pregnancy, but recurred 2 weeks before delivery. Therapeutic trials with 0.25 mg ethinylestradiol/day and a later application of human chorionic gonadotropin up to 5000 IU i.m. twice weekly as well as prednisolone 25 mg three times per day were unsuccessful. A second pregnancy was not desired. Polychemotherapy with initial high-dose prednis-olone plus vincristine and a consolidation therapy with 5-mercaptopurine 300 mg/day led to full recovery. The observation of transient remission of histiocytosis X during pregnancy suggests that at least some forms of this disease may have prevailing immunological features where an immunosuppressive effect of pregnancy could be beneficial.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Cellular and molecular life sciences 31 (1975), S. 992-992 
    ISSN: 1420-9071
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Bei Mäusen lässt sich die TRH-induzierte Freisetzung von TSH durchl-Trijodthyronin,l-Thyroxin,d-Trijodthyronin undd-Thyroxin hemmen. Für 20 g schwere Tiere ergibt sich eine entsprechende ED50 von 1,39; 6,67; 38,65 und 54,56 nmol/die.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Cellular and molecular life sciences 33 (1977), S. 1243-1245 
    ISSN: 1420-9071
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary A nonlinear differential equation is used to develop a mathematical model describing the time course of thyrotropin (TSH) concentration in human plasma after thyroliberin (TRH) stimulation. The application of the model to real data shows that pituitary responsiveness to TRH is highest in euthyroidism, reduced in primary hypothyroidism, and lowest in hyperthyroidism.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Cellular and molecular life sciences 31 (1975), S. 863-864 
    ISSN: 1420-9071
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Im McKenzie-Bioassay für TSH, LATS oder TRH steigt die Ansprechbarkeit der Mäuseschilddrüse auf TSH an, wenn die Tiere 3 Tage lang mit Schilddrüsenhormon vorbehandelt werden. Die Mengen von Schilddrüsenhormon sind dabei so zu wählen, dass sie zu einer partiellen Substitution führen.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of molecular medicine 68 (1990), S. 669-672 
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Keywords: MEN ; Screening ; Differential diagnosis ; Endocrine symptoms
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary In the differential diagnosis of endocrine symptoms, the autosomal dominant multiple endocrine neoplasia (MEN) syndromes are rare but important. We found seven index cases of MEN-I in 176 patients with adenomas of the anterior pituitary and 26 patients with primary hyperparathyroidism. Of 23 cases of medullary thyroid carcinoma and eight cases of pheochromocytoma, 14 patients are classified as MEN-IIa and one as MEN-IIb. Family screening identified six MEN-I and seven MEN-II cases among 32 individuals examined. Because of autosomal dominant inheritance and sometimes-delayed manifestation of the complete syndrome, screening of healthy and affected family members should be repeated at least every other year.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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