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  • 1
    ISSN: 1279-8517
    Keywords: Gastric carcinomas ; Cardiac carcinomas ; TNM-classification ; Prognosis ; Lesser and greater omenta
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The problem of T classification of proximal gastric carcinomas is becoming increasingly important due to a rise in the incidence of these tumors. The aim of this study was to examine the gastric insertion of the lesser and greater omenta and its role in the T classification of gastric carcinomas. The stomach and greater and lesser omenta were removed from 76 fixed cadavers and 12 measurements each were done in defined localizations. The lesser omentum extended to the gastric wall in 98% of the cases. This junction as well as the omental thickness and thus the retroperitoneal part are especially pronounced in the cardiac region. According to the current UICC classification, even advanced tumors extending into the gastric wall can be classified T2 as long as they do not penetrate the visceral peritoneum. This results in « understaging » and a seemingly poorer prognosis for cardiac carcinomas. Our study results support the recommendation of Hermanek and Wittekind [5] to subdivide the T2 stage of gastric carcinomas on the basis of infiltration depth.
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Keywords: Medullary thyroid carcinoma ; Prognostic factors ; Sporadic and familial form ; Age ; Sex ; Tumor stage at diagnosis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary A retrospective study of 741 patients with medullary thyroid carcinoma diagnosed between 1967 and 1991 was carried out by members of the German Medullary Thyroid Carcinoma Study Group to evaluate prognostic factors. A total of 559 patients (75%) were considered to have sporadic disease, and 182 (25%) had the familial type. The sex ratio (male to female) was 1:1.4 in sporadic disease patients, and the mean age at diagnosis was 45.9 years (range 5-81 years). For familial disease patients the sex ratio was 1:1.1, and the mean age at diagnosis was 33.4 (range 5–77 years). The follow-up time for 630 patients ranged from 1 month to 20.8 years (mean 13.0 years). The overall adjusted survival rate was 86.7% at 5 years and 64.2% at 10 years. In a univariate analysis the stage of disease at diagnosis, age, sex, and type of disease (sporadic, familial) were relevant prognostic factors, with a better prognosis for young female patients with familial disease and diagnosed at an early stage. In a multivariate proportional hazards analysis, the difference in the survival rate of patients with familial disease versus those with the sporadic form disappeared, while prognostic information provided by age and sex was still significant. The poorer prognosis of patients with sporadic medullary thyroid carcinoma may be related to the patients' older age at detection and more advanced tumor stage at diagnosis. There seems to be no difference in biological behavior between tumors of the sporadic and those of the familial type.
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1432-1238
    Keywords: Key words Acute pancreatitis ; Therapy ; Dextran ; Hypertonic ; Colloid ; Rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Objective: Ultrahigh-molecular dextran (500000 Da) has been shown to prevent pancreatic necrosis when given 30 min after induction of pancreatitis. This study should clarify the following: (a) are dextrans still effective after prolongation of the therapy-free interval? (b) what is the impact of the molecular weight of the dextrans? and (c) is their effect influenced by the dextran concentration or by the addition of hypertonic saline? Animals and interventions: Acute pancreatitis was induced in 70 male dextran-tolerant Wistar rats using intraductal bile-salt infusion and intravenous hyperstimulation. After 3 h, animals were assigned to one of seven groups (n=10 per group) receiving either Ringer solution or different dextrans (10%) including 70000 Da (DEX-70), 160000 Da (DEX-160), 300000 Da (DEX-300) or 500000 Da (DEX-500). Additional groups included DEX-70 (6%) and DEX-70 (10%) in combination with hypertonic NaCl (7.5%) (HHS-70). Ringer solution was given at 24 ml/kg and all dextrans at 8 ml/kg. Measurements and results: Trypsinogen activation peptides (TAP) were quantified in ascites and acinar necrosis after death or sacrifice at 9 h. As an index of less pathological trypsinogen activation, the mean TAP levels in ascites were significantly lower in DEX-70 and DEX-160 compared to Ringer controls (p〈0.05, t-test). Furthermore, the amount of acinar necrosis was significantly lower in all dextran groups except the HHS-70 in comparison with Ringer controls (p〈0.01, t-test). Finally, mortality was significantly reduced from 60% in Ringer controls to 10 and 0%, respectively, in the groups treated with DEX-70 and DEX-160 (p〈0.03, Fisher‘s Exact test). There was a similar trend in all other groups except the HHS-70. Conclusions: Despite a therapy-free interval of 3 h, dextrans reduce trypsinogen activation, prevent acinar necrosis, and improve survival in necrotizing rodent pancreatitis. The molecular weight and concentration of dextran are of secondary importance for these beneficial effects.
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  • 4
    ISSN: 1432-1238
    Keywords: Acute pancreatitis ; Therapy ; Dextran ; Hypertonic ; Colloid ; Rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Objective Ultrahigh-molecular dextran (500 000 DA) has been shown to prevent pancreatic necrosis when given 30 min after induction of pancreatitis. This study should clarify the following: (a) are dextrans still effective after prolongation of the therapy-free interval? (b) what is the impact of the molecular weight of the dextrans? and (c) is their effect influenced by the dextran concentration or by the addition of hypertonic saline? Animals and interventions Acute pancreatitis was induced in 70 male dextran-tolerant Wistar rats using intraductal bile-salt infusion and intravenous hyperstimulation. After 3 h, animals were assigned to one of seven groups (n=10 per group) receiving either Ringer solution or different dextrans (10%) including 70 000 Da (DEX-70), 160 000 Da (DEX-160), 300 000 Da (DEX-300) or 500 000 Da (DEX-500). Additional groups included DEX-70 (6%) and DEX-70 (10%) in combination with hypertonic NaCl (7.5%) (HHS-70). Ringer solution was given at 24 ml/kg and all dextrans at 8 ml/kg. Measurements and results Trypsinogen activation peptides (TAP) were quantified in ascites and acinar necrosis after death or sacrifice at 9 h. As an index of less pathological trypsinogen activation, the mean TAP levels in ascites were significatly lower in DEX-70 and DEX-160 compared to Ringer controls (p〈0.05,t-test). Furthermore, the amount of acinar necrosis was significantly lower in all dextran groups except the HHS-70 in comparison with Ringer controls (p〈0.01,t-test). Finally, mortality was significantly reduced from 60% in Ringer controls to 10 and 0%, respectively, in the groups treated with DEX-70 and DEX-160 (p〈0.03, Fisher's Exact test). There was a similar trend in all other groups except the HHS-70. Conclusions Despite a therapy-free interval of 3 h, dextrans reduce trypsinogen activation, prevent acinar necrosis, and improve survival in necrotizing rodent pancreatitis. The molecular weight and concentration of dextran are of secondary importance for these beneficial effects.
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  • 5
    ISSN: 1432-0738
    Keywords: Digoxinpoisoning ; Blood levels ; Tissue concentrations ; Radioimmunoassay ; Thin layer chromatography ; Digoxin-Derivate ; Vergiftung ; Gewebskonzentrationen ; Radioimmunoassay ; Dünnschichtchromatographische Analyse
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Selbst nach der Einführung von radioimmunologischen Methoden kann die Frage, ob ein Herzglykosid einen Tod verursacht hat oder zumindest dazu beigetragen hat, nicht zufriedenstellend beantwortet werden. Mit Hilfe eines besonderen Radioimmunoassay-Verfahrens für Digoxin, welches auch für die strukturell verwandten Methyl-und Acetyl-Derivate anwendbar ist, haben wir post mortem-Konzentrationen dieser Stoffe im menschlichen Blut und Gewebe untersucht. Die Glykosid-Spiegel von intravenös digitalisierten (Novodigal®) Patienten können nach dem Tod bis in einen 2,5fach höheren Bereich ansteigen (7–15 ng/ml im Herzblut), verglichen mit den Glykosid-Spiegeln vor dem Tod. Da so eine starke Toxizität der Blutspiegelhöhe vorgetäuscht wird, sind nach dem Tod Blutspiegelmessungen allein für die Beurteilung von vermuteten Digitalis-Vergiftungen nicht ausreichend. Bei der Messung von Glykosidkonzentrationen in Geweben und Körperflüssigkeiten ist der Konzentration in Herz und Niere besondere Beachtung zu schenken, diese beiden Organe zeigen die höchsten Gewebskonzentrationen. Eine Beurteilung sollte Konzentrationsmessungen in diesen Organen berücksichtigen. Mittels einer kombinierten dünnschichtchromatographischen und radioimmunologischen Analyse ist es möglich, die Identität von zur Anwendung gelangten Herzglykosiden im ng-Bereich festzustellen.
    Notes: Abstract Even after the introduction of radioimmunological methods the question of a cardiac glycoside causing or contributing to the death of a patient can not be answered satisfactorily. By means of a special radioimmunoassay procedure for digoxin as well as for the structurally related methyl- and acetylderivatives we measured the concentrations in human blood and post mortem tissues. We investigated the glycoside contents in the blood of intravenously digitalised (Novodigal®) patients before and after death. At autopsy blood specimens were taken from the heart and the femoral vein. We found an increase of the glycoside level up to a highly toxic range (7–15 ng/ml) especially in the heart blood. Thus post mortem blood levels of digoxin and its derivatives are not suitable for a final decision in alleged cases of fatal poisonings. Measuring various concentrations in tissues and body fluids of the above cardiac glycosides mentioned revealed the kidney concentration to be of high value in confirming a digitalis poisoning. This organ and the heart show the highest tissue concentrations. Interpretations of fatal digitalis poisonings should be based on the additional knowledge of these concentrations. Individual cardiac glycosides may be analyzed by a combination of thin layer chromatography and radioimmunoassay.
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  • 6
    ISSN: 1432-2323
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé Le perfectionnement d'un dosage immunoradiométrique à 2 sites, sensible, qui ne détecte que la parathormone humaine intacte (PTH 1–84) a permis d'étudier les cinétiques de la sécrétion peropératoire de ia PTH. Dans une étude prospective, nous avons évalué la sécrétion peropératoire de PTH 1–84 chez 54 patients ayant un adénome, chez 14 patients ayant une hyperparathyroïdie tertiaire (HPT), et chez 2 patients ayant une HPT persistante. On a observé une chute significative de PTH 1–84 après l'ablation de tissus athéromateux ou hyperplasiques. La réduction de la sécrétion de base de PTH de 50% était atteinte plus tôt de façon significative pour les adénomes que pour les hyperplasies. Dans les 2 cas où l'exploration cervicale était négative, les concentrations en PTH 1–84 sont restées pratiquement inchangées. La reprise de la sécrétion en PTH a été étudiée chez 23 patients, dont 20 avaient un adénome solitaire; dans 2 cas, on a découvert une hyperplasie, et chez 1 patient, il y avait des signes cliniques de HPT toxique. La chute initiale de PTH 4 heures après l'opération n'était pas sensible et la reprise était rapide, moins de 24 heures après l'intervention. La PTH était dans les limites de la normale après 48–72 heures.
    Abstract: Resumen El desarrollo de una muy sensible determinación inmunoradiométrica capaz de detectar exclusivamente la HPT (1–84) humana nos ha permitido realizar un estudio de la cinética de la secreción intraoperatoria de hormona paratiroidea (PTH). En un estudio prospectivo hemos hecho la determinación del modo de secreción de PTH (1–84) en 54 pacientes con adenomas, en 14 con hiperparatiroidismo terciario, y en 2 con hiperparatiroidismo persistente. Una vez resecado el tejido adenomatoso o hiperplásico, se observó un descenso significativo de la concentración sérica de PTH (1–84). Un descenso de 50% en el nivel de la concentración basal de PTH apareció, en forma significativa, más precozmente en los adenomas que en las hiperplasias. En los 2 casos con exploración cervical negativa, la concentración de PTH (1–84) prácticamente no exhibió modificación. La recuperación de la secreción de PTH fue estudiada en 23 pacientes, 20 de los cuales tenían adenoma único, 2 hiperplasia y 1 exhibía signos clínicos de hiperparatiroidismo tóxico. Encontramos un descenso inicial de la concentración de PTH a valores por debajo del nivel de detección a las 4 horas postoperatorias y una recuperación rápida dentro de las primeras 24 horas. Las concentraciones de PTH regresaron a valores normales a las 48–72 horas.
    Notes: Abstract The development of a sensitive 2-site immunoradiometric assay which detects only intact human PTH (1–84) enabled us to study kinetics of PTH secretion intraoperatively. In a prospective study, we assessed the PTH (1–84) secretion mode intraoperatively in 54 patients with adenomas, in 14 patients with tertiary hyperparathyroidism (HPT), and in 2 patients with persistent HPT. After the removal of adenomatous or hyperplastic tissue, a significant drop of PTH (1–84) concentration was seen. A 50% decrease in the basal PTH concentration was reached significantly earlier for adenomas than for hyperplasias. In the 2 cases with unrevealing neck exploration, the PTH (1–84) concentrations showed hardly any change. The recovery of PTH secretion was studied in 23 patients, 20 of whom had a single adenoma; in 2 cases, a hyperplasia was present and 1 patient showed the clinical signs of a toxic HPT. We found an initial drop of PTH concentration 4 hours postoperatively below the limit of detection and a rapid recovery within 24 hours postoperatively. The PTH concentration values were well within the normal range after 48–72 hours.
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  • 7
    ISSN: 1432-2323
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé Trente et un cas de tumeurs malignes de la thyroïde, classifiés à l'origine comme des carcinomes anaplasiques, ont été réexaminés en immunohistochimie pour la présence d'anticorps IgM, IgG, IgA, de cytocératine, calcitonine, lysocyme, et alpha1-antitrypsine en utilisant la méthode péroxydase/antipéroxydase. Les résultats de cette reclassification ont été comparés avec des données cliniques: symptômes cliniques, modalités thérapeutiques, et évolution clinique. On a employé la radiothérapie postopératoire dans 80% des cas et la chimiothérapie dans aucun cas. Sept des 31 tumeurs étaient positives pour les anticorps IgM (n=4), IgG (n=2), et IgA (n=1). Dans tous ces cas, les marqueurs épithéliaux étaient négatifs. De cette manière, on a pu reclasser comme lymphomes malins primitifs non seulement 3 tumeurs à petites cellules mais aussi 4 tumeurs avec des zones de cellules géantes.
    Abstract: Resumen Treinta y un casos de neoplasias malignas de la glándula tiroides originalmente clasificadas como carcinoma anaplásico fueron reexaminados por inmunohistoquímica utilizando métodos de peroxidosa:antiperoxidasa (PAP) para IgM, IgG, IgA, citoceratina, calcitonina, lisocina, y alfa-1-antitripsina. Los resultados de la reclasificación fueron comparados con la información clínica, incluyendo sintomatología, modalidades de tratamiento, y evolución final. Se realizó radioterapia postoperatoria en más de 80% de los casos, quimioterapia en ninguno. Siete de 31 tumores exhibieron tinción positiva para anticuerpos IgM (n=4), IgG (n=2), e IgA (n=1). Todos estos casos fueron negativos para marcadores epiteliales. Sorprendentemente, no sólo la totalidad de los tumores de células pequeñas (n=3) sino también 4 tejidos con áreas predominantes de células gigantes, estuvieron en el grupo de aquellos reclasificados como linfoma maligno.
    Notes: Abstract Thirty-one cases of thyroid malignancies which were originally classified as anaplastic carcinoma were reexamined immunohistochemically using PAP methods (peroxidase:antiperoxidase) for IgM, IgG, IgA, cytoceratin, calcitonin, lysozyme and alpha-1-antitrypsin. The reclassification results were compared with patient data such as clinical symptoms, treatment modalities, and clinical outcome. Postoperative radiotherapy was carried out in more than 80% of cases, chemotherapy in none. Seven of 31 tumors showed a positive staining for IgM (n=4), IgG (n=2), and IgA (n=1) antibodies. All of these cases were negative for epithelial markers. Surprisingly, not only all small cell tumors (n=3) but also 4 tissues with predominantly giant cell areas were among those reclassified as primary malignant lymphoma.
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Der Chirurg 68 (1997), S. 855-864 
    ISSN: 1433-0385
    Keywords: Key words: Chronic pancreatitis ; Pathophysiology ; Pathogenesis ; Alcohol. ; Schlüsselwörter: Chronische Pankreatitis ; Pathophysiologie ; Pathogenese ; Alkohol.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung. Trotz zahlreicher tierexperimenteller und klinischer Daten gibt es derzeit kein einheitliches Konzept der Pathophysiologie und Pathogenese der chronischen Pankreatitis (CP). Die in den 70 er und 80 er Jahren verbreitete Obstruktionstheorie einer De-novo-Entstehung der CP auf dem Boden einer primären „Pankreatolithiasis“ (Sarles) ist durch aktuelle klinische und morphologische Studien in Frage gestellt worden, die zeigen, daß sich die CP doch aus rezidivierenden Schüben einer akuten Pankreatitis entwickeln kann. Diese sog. Nekrose-Fibrose-Sequenz-Theorie wird durch immunhistochemische Untersuchungen ergänzt, die die entzündliche Genese der bindegewebigen Parenchymtransformation wie auch des Schmerzes bei der CP zu belegen scheinen. Während die Obstruktionstheorie pathogenetisch eng mit Störungen der acinären Proteinsekretion und Lithostatinfunktion assoziiert ist, kann die Nekrose-Fibrose-Sequenz auch durch andere pathogenetische Mechanismen (toxisch metabolische Störungen der Acinuszellfunktion, duktale Permeabilitätsstörungen, Ischämie und oxidativer Streß) getriggert werden. Trotz dieser vereinheitlichenden Theorie, die insbesondere den Zusammenhang zwischen Alkohol-assoziierten akuten Pankreatitisschüben und der Entwicklung der CP erklärt, bleiben Fragen offen, z. B. nach genetischen Faktoren, die (wie bei der hereditären CP) die unterschiedlich starken immunologischen Reaktionen und damit das individuell unterschiedliche Risiko, eine chronische Pankreatitis zu entwickeln, begründen.
    Notes: Summary. Despite numerous experimental and clinical investigations there is no consensus on the evolution of chronic pancreatitis (CP). In the 1970 s and 1980 s, Sarles persistently emphasised the de novo evolution of CP due to pancreatolithiasis. In recent years, however, clinical and morphological studies have provided strong evidence for the initial proposal of acute pancreatitis progressing to chronic pancreatitis. The so-called necrosis-fibrosis-sequence theory is supported by immunohistochemical work suggesting that inflammatory mediators primarily contribute to tissue destruction and that infiltration of pancreatic nerves by immune cells is a pathogenetic factor for the generation of pain in CP. While Sarles postulates that acinar hypersecretion and an imbolance of pancreatic stone promoting and -inhibiting factors trigger the evalution of CP, the necrosis-fibrosis-sequence theory also involves other pathomechanisms (e. g. changes in ductal permeability, ischemia, oxidative stress) which have been shown to cause (acute) pancreatic injury. Despite this unifying template, which also lessens the need to identify independent mechanisms for the pathogenesis of acute and chronic alcoholic pancreatitis, there are still open questions, e. g. on genetic factors that (like in hereditary CP) may explain the different susceptibility of the pancreas to injury and the individual immunological response.
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Der Chirurg 71 (2000), S. 626-634 
    ISSN: 1433-0385
    Keywords: Keywords: Clinical trials ; Clinical research ; Gastroenterological surgery ; Questionnaire. ; Schlüsselwörter: Klinische Studien ; klinische Forschung ; gastroenterologische Chirurgie ; Umfrage.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung. Qualitativ hochwertige klinische Forschung bietet die Chance, einen unmittelbaren Einfluss auf die medizinische Entscheidungsfindung zu nehmen. Um eine Bestandsaufnahme der aktuellen Situation in der klinischen gastroenterologischen Chirurgie aufzuzeigen, wurde im November 1999 eine Umfrage an 171 chirurgischen Kliniken mit visceralchirurgischem Schwerpunkt durchgeführt. Von den 93 antwortenden Kliniken führten 45,2 % insgesamt 91 klinische Studien durch. Nur 8,8 % dieser Studien wurden als prospektiv-randomisierte Multicenterstudien beschrieben, 60 % waren reine Singlecenterstudien. Die Studienfinanzierung erfolgte in 60 Fällen aus dem klinikeigenen Budget, in 27 Fällen durch Industrieunterstützung und in 4 Fällen durch unabhängige Institutionen, wie die Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft oder das BMBF. Von den Studien wurden 7,7 % durch freigestellte Mitarbeiter betreut, in 92,3 % war dies zusätzlich zur klinischen Routine erforderlich. Die Mehrzahl der klinischen Studien in Deutschland befasst sich mit Erkrankungen des Oesophagus, des Pankreas oder Chronisch Entzündlichen Darmerkrankungen. Zwischen den alten und neuen Bundesländern zeigen sich keine wesentlichen Unterschiede in der Entwicklung und Durchführung klinischer Studien.
    Notes: Abstract. High-quality clinical research offers the opportunity to exert a direct influence on medical decision-making. To take stock of the current situation in clinical gastroenterological surgery, a questionnaire was sent to 171 surgical departments focussing on visceral surgery. Of the 93 that responded, 45.2 % conducted a total of 91 clinical studies. Only 8.8 % of these were described as prospective randomized clinical studies; 60 % were single-center studies. The studies were financed from the department budget in 60 cases, supported by industry in 27 cases and funded by independent institutions such as German Research Foundation or the Federal Ministry for Education and Research in 4 cases. Of the researchers performing the studies, 7.7 % had been exempted from other duties and 92.8 % were additionally involved in the clinical routine. The majority of the clinical studies in Germany deal with diseases of the esophagus and pancreas or with chronic inflammatory bowel diseases. The old and new states of the Federal Republic of Germany show no appreciable differences in the development and performance of clinical studies.
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Der Chirurg 69 (1998), S. 1035-1044 
    ISSN: 1433-0385
    Keywords: Key words: Ileoanal Pouch ; Redo-Operation ; Complications ; Pouchitis. ; Schlüsselwörter: Ileoanaler Pouch ; Redo-Operationen ; Komplikationen ; Pouchitis.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung. Die Komplikationsrate nach ileoanaler Pouchrekonstruktion wird in der Literatur mit bis zu 60 % angegeben. Diese Rate beinhaltet allerdings auch postoperative Komplikationen – wie z. B. Ileus, Narbenbruch –, die nach jedem Eingriff auftreten können. Betrachtet man ausschließlich die Pouch-bezogene, also die das Verfahren betreffende Komplikationsrate, so werden zwischen 15 und 25 % angegeben. Dabei zeigen sich als Hauptrisikofaktoren eine erhöhte Spannung der ileoanalen Anastomose, Anastomoseninsuffizienz, ein fehlender Stomaschutz, ein präoperativ undiagnostizierter Morbus Crohn und die Unerfahrenheit des Chirurgen. Wir klassifizierten die Pouchkomplikationen in 5 Kategorien: 1. chirurgische Komplikationen (Anastomoseninsuffizienz, Blutung, pelvine Sepsis, Fisteln), 2. technische Probleme (langer S-Pouch-Auslaß, Rectum-Cuff-Stenose, Pouchsteg), 3. funktionelle Probleme (Analsphincterinsuffizienz, Nachtinkontinenz, hypermotiler Pouch, Evakuationsstörungen), 4. Pouchitis und 5. Pouchneoplasien. Die Pathogenese, Diagnostik und medikamentöse und chirurgische Therapie wird eingehend analysiert. In einer eigenen Serie von 11 Pouch-Redo-Operationen wurde bei 6 Pouchfisteln (3mal mit Morbus Crohn), 3 Fehlkonstruktionen, einem langen S-Pouch-Auslaß sowie einer chronischen Pouchitis in 6 Fällen ein langfristiger Erhalt erreicht. In 3 Fällen mußte der Pouch komplett exstirpiert werden, in 2 Fällen persistierte das Loop-Ileostoma. Aufgrund der technischen Komplexität der Operation, dem nötigen Verständnis der Pathophysiologie sowie der Verfügbarkeit und Beherrschung der nötigen Diagnostik sollte diese Operation nur in darauf spezialisierten Zentren vorgenommen werden.
    Notes: Summary. The overall rate of complications after ileal pouch–anal anastomosis is 60 %. This rate, however, includes complications such as bowel-obstruction and hernias. Pouch-related complications occur after ileal pouch–anal anastomosis with a frequency of 15–25 %. In an analysis of the recent literature the main risk factors are: tension of the ileal pouch–anal anastomosis, anastomotic leakage, lack of protective ileostomy, preoperatively undiagnosed Crohn's disease and the experience of the surgeon. We classified pouch related-complications into (1) surgical complications (leakage, bleeding, pelvic sepsis, fistulas); (2) technical problems (long S-pouch spout, rectal cuff stenosis, etc.); (3) functional problems (anal sphincter insufficiency, night incontinence, hypermotility, evacuation disorders); (4) pouchitis; (5) pouch neoplasias. Pathogenesis, diagnostic features, and medical and surgical therapy are discussed in detail. In our own series of 11 pouch-redo operations we had 6 pouch fistulas (3 related to Crohn's disease, 3 postoperative fistulas), 3 wrongly constructed pouches, 1 chronic pouchitis and 1 long S-pouch spout. In 3 cases the pouch had to be excised completely. Two patients remained with a permanent ileostomy. In 6 patients the pouch could be preserved on long term. Due to the technical complexity, the need to understand pathophysiology and the need for a differentiated diagnostic procedure, this operation should be performed only in specialised centers.
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