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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Afferent connections of the nucleus centralis amygdalae (1990)
    Springer
    Anatomy and embryology 181 (1990), S. 177-194 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0568
    Keywords: Central amygdala ; cat ; brain stem ; hypothalamus
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The central nucleus of the amygdala has been shown to be involved in cardiovascular regulation and the integration of arousal. In this study, the afferent input was investigated in cat by microinjecting horseradish peroxidase (HRP) into the central nucleus and examining retrogradely-labelled cells in the brain. Retrograde labelling was found in the cortex next to the sulcus ectosylvius anterior, fissura lateralis Sylvii, sulcus rhinicus anterior and posterior, sulcus suprasylvius, and pyriform and entorhinal cortices as well as in the insula and claustrum. Each of the sub-nuclei of the amygdaloid complex exhibited retrogradely-labelled perikarya. Labelled cells were also found in the diagonal band of Broca, nucl. lateralis septi, and nucl. proprius striae terminalis (bed nucl. of stria terminalis). In the hypothalamus the area preoptica medialis and lateralis, nucl. dorsomedialis, paraventricularis, periventricularis, arcuatus and mammilaris medialis were labelled. The nucl. subthalamicus, zona incerta, peripeduncular system, substantia nigra, and nucl. interpeduncularis contained HRP-marked cells. In the thalamus labelled cells were observed in the nucl. reuniens, nucl. centroposterior lateralis, nucl. latero-posterior, nucl. posterior, nucl. centro-anterior, antero-dorsalis, antero-medialis, antero-lateralis, centrum mdianum, nucl. reticularis, nucl. rhomboideus, nucl. parafascicularis and subfascicularis. The area tegmentalis Tsai and the corpora geniculata also contained labelled cells. In the brain stem, HRP-marked cells could be detected in the brachium colliculi inferioris, aqueductal grey matter, locus coeruleus, nucl. parabrachialis, in various nuclei of the formatio reticularis, in the nucl. retrofascialis, nucl. solitarius, nucl. commissuralis, nucl. ambiguus and nucl. dorsalis n. vagi. The results were compared to other neuroanatomical studies and to functional studies of the amygdala.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00198957
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Renale Osteodystrophie bei Kindern Therapieversuch mit 1,25-Dihydroxy-Cholecalciferol (1980)
    Springer
    Journal of molecular medicine 58 (1980), S. 511-519 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Keywords: Renal osteodystrophy ; Child ; Metabolites of vitamin D ; Secondary hyperparathyroidism ; Renale Osteodystrophie ; Kind ; Vitamin-D-Metaboliten ; Sekundärer Hyperparathyreoidismus
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung 1. Durch die Behandlung mit 1,25-DHCC gelingt es nach unseren Untersuchungsergebnissen einen Anstieg des Serumkalziumspiegels zu erhalten, die PTH-Synthese zu blockieren und die intestinale Kalziumresorption zu verbessern. 2. Die Fibroosteoclasie und die aktuellen Zeichen der Knochenresorption können unter der Therapie vollständig behoben bzw. verbessert werden. 3. Bei der Behandlung dialysierter Kinder mit 1,25-DHCC konnten wir eine Verbesserung der Osteoidose in Fällen mit erheblicher Mineralisationsstörung beobachten. 4. Die Zahl der Osteoblasten wird unter der Therapie erheblich reduziert, in den meisten Fällen beobachteten wir Werte im Bereich der unteren Norm oder niedriger. Dies bedeutet in Bezug auf eine Langzeittherapie die Reduktion der Knochenformation mit Gefahr der Osteopenie. 5. Die Entwicklung einer gefährlichen Hyperkalzämie bei gleichzeitiger Imbalance im Serumphosphathaushalt muß streng beachtet werden. Wir beobachteten aufgrund dieser Kalzium- und Phosphatstoffwechselstörungen erhebliche Kalzifikationen im Limbusbereich der Augen. 6. Aufgrund dieser Befunde sollte 1,25-DHCC individuell in niedriger Dosierung nur bei Kindern mit histologisch nachgewiesener schwerer renaler Osteodystrophie verwandt werden, sofern eine engmaschige kontinuierliche Überwachung sämtlicher Stoffwechselparameter möglich ist. 7. Eine Verbesserung des Körperwachstums konnte unter 1,25-DHCC-Behandlung nicht beobachtet werden.
    Notes: Summary Growth arrest and renal osteodystrophy are major problems in renal insufficiency of children. The present report describes our experiences in managing renal osteodystrophy in 14 dialyzed children using 1,25-DHCC for 12 months. Values in plasma of Ca, P, Mg, alkaline phosphatase, iPTH, 25-OH-D, and 1,25-DHCC were determined regulary. Skeletal X-rays and analysis of iliac crest biopsies were obtained in each child. In treatment with 1,25-DHCC episodes of severe but reversible hypercalcemia occurred. Alkaline phosphatase and iPTH normalized completely. Radiographic examinations revealed marked improvement. Histological signs of fibro-osteoclasia and resorptive defects disappeared but there was no recovery of osteomalacia. A reduction of osteoblast population and of bone transformation was obvious. 1,25-DHCC failed to normalize growth in uremic children. In short, neither vitamin D nor 1,25-DHCC can guarantee complete recovery of renal osteodystrophy and growth arrest in uremic children.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01477068
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Einfluß der Vitamin-D3-Therapie auf die renale Osteodystrophie im Kindesalter (1980)
    Springer
    Journal of molecular medicine 58 (1980), S. 237-247 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Keywords: Child ; Renal osteodystrophy ; Vitamin D ; Kind ; renale Osteodystrophie ; Vitamin D
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Eine Therapiestudie mit Vitamin D3 in pharmakologischen Dosen bei 27 Kindern in der progredienten Niereninsuffizienz bzw. unter intermittierender Dauerdialysebehandlung über 24 Monate zeigte, daß weder die Vitamin-D3-Behandlung unterstützt durch orale Calciumsupplementation alleine noch in Kombination mit Dialysebehandlung eine renale Osteodystrophie heilen oder verhindern kann. Es gelang zwar in 34,0% der Fälle mit progredienter Niereninsuffizienz und 50% der Fälle unter Hämodialysebehandlung den sekundären Hyperparathyreoidismus für einige Zeit zu suppremieren, eine Suppression auf Dauer konnte allerdings nicht erreicht werden. Das Ausmaß der Mineralisationsstörung und der Wachstumsverzögerung blieb unverändert, die Osteoblastenzahl erlitt mit Suppression des sekundären Hyperparathyreoidismus eine Reduktion, die eine Verminderung des Knochenanbaues und der Knochenmasse unter Dauertherapie mit Vitamin-D3 in pharmakologischen Dosen befürchten läßt. Hypercalcämien und extraossäre Verkalkungen wurden nicht beobachtet.
    Notes: Summary Growth arrest and renal osteodystrophy is a major problem in renal insufficiency of children. The present report describes our experiences in managing renal osteodystrophy by using vitamin D3 for 24 months. Values in plasma of Ca, Mg, alkaline phosphatase, iPTH, 25-OH-D were determined regularly. Skeletal X-rays and analysis of iliac crest bone biopsies were obtained in each child. In treatment with vitamin D3 no hypercalcemia was seen despite high serum levels of 25-OH-D. Plasma-Ca, alkaline phosphatase, and iPTH normalized nearly. Radiographic abnormalities improved. Bone biopsies showed improvement in signs of secondary hyperparathyroidism and ostitis fibrosa, whereas osteomalacia remained unchanged. Osteoblast population showed a small reduction. No real increment in body growth was seen.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01476970
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Humoral and neurohormonal aspects of blood pressure regulation: Focus on angiotensin (1978)
    Springer
    Journal of molecular medicine 56 (1978), S. 31-41 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Keywords: Renin ; Angiotensin ; Neurohormone ; Gehirn ; Blutdruck ; Renin ; Angiotensin ; Neurohormones ; Brain ; Blood-Pressure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary Angiotensin circulates in the blood as a hormone. Its main target organs are vascular smooth muscle, adrenal gland and the kidney. Hormonal angiotensin increases blood pressure by its vasoconstrictor action, by stimulation of aldosterone secretion and subsequent sodium and water retention, and by the stimulation of catecholamine release. Circulating plasma angiotensin also effects brain mechanisms of blood pressure regulation. In addition to this hormonal function, angiotensin is present in the brain as part of an endogenous brain renin-angiotensin system. Brain angiotensin is not secreted into the blood and can be considered a neurohormone with local function. A role of brain angiotensin in the maintenance of high blood pressure of spontaneously hypertensive rats has been demonstrated. Circulating plasma angiotensin appears to influence brain renin levels and vice versa. Stimulation of specific areas in the brain known to be involved in the regulation of the cardiovascular system, stimulate renin secretion from the kidney. The renin-angiotensin system can therefore serve as an example for the intimate interrelationship between humoral and neurohumoral mechanisms of blood pressure regulation.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Angiotensin zirkuliert als Hormon im Blut. Seine wesentlichen Zielorgane sind die glatte Gefäßmuskulatur, die Nebenniere und die Niere. Zirkulierendes hormonales Angiotensin erhöht den arteriellen Blutdruck durch Vasokonstruktion, Stimulation der Aldosteronfreisetzung und nachfolgender Salzund Wasserretention. Plasma-Angiotensin wirkt darüberhinaus auf zentrale Mechanismen der Blutdruckregulation. Angiotensin ist ebenfalls im Gehirn vorhanden als Teil des endogenen Gehirnrenin-Angiotensin-Systems. Das Gehirn-Angiotensin wird nicht an das Blut abgegeben und kann als Neurohormon mit vorwiegend lokaler Funktion angesehen werden. Eine Beteiligung des Gehirn-Angiotensins an der Aufrechterhaltung des hohen Blutdruckes spontan hypertensiver Ratten ist nachgewiesen worden. Es bestehen Rückkoppelungen zwischen dem Plasma-Angiotensin auf der einen Seite und dem Gehirn-Angiotensin auf der anderen Seite. Stimulation von bestimmten, für die zentrale Blutdruckregulation bedeutsamen Hirnarealen beeinflußt die Reninsekretion von der Niere. Das Renin-Angiotensin-System (RAS) kann als ein Modell für die engen Zusammenhänge zwischen humoraler und neurohumoraler Blutdruckregulation angesehen werden.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01477450
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Multiple sclerosis: pathogenesis and models (1997)
    Springer
    Journal of molecular medicine 75 (1997), S. 164-164 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001090050100
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chronic electrical stimulation of the thalamic unspecific activating system in a patient with coma due to midbrain and upper brain stem infarction (1979)
    Springer
    Acta neurochirurgica 47 (1979), S. 235-244 
    Details
    ISSN: 0942-0940
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Chronic intermittent bipolar electrical stimulation of the left nucleus reticulatus polaris thalami was performed in a patient in a state of subcoma due to ischaemic infarction of wide medial parts of the midbrain, mainly the tegmentum, and the right-sided mediobasal parts of the forebrain. Stimulation immediately resulted in autonomic reactions and behavioural arousal reactions during the periods of stimulation. Longterm effect consisted of a rise in the level of clinical responsiveness for a period of seven weeks. A preexistent severe pneumonia disappeared completely after one week of stimulation and returned after seven weeks. The results are discussed on the basis of the pathoanatomical findings and of the physiological functions of the damaged as well as of the stimulated areas.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01406406
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The influence of chronic deep brain stimulation on excitability and morphology of the stimulated tissue (1979)
    Springer
    Acta neurochirurgica 47 (1979), S. 123-129 
    Details
    ISSN: 0942-0940
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Bipolar electrical stimulations of the rostral hippocampus and of the amygdala were performed at irregular intervals in wakeful unrestrained cats via chronically implanted glass-insulated stainless steel electrodes. The excitability of the stimulated tissue remained unchanged during the whole investigation period of six months up to one and a half years, as was revealed by regularly performed comparisons of shape, latency, and amplitude of evoked potentials elicited by electrical stimulation of the rostral hippocampus and recorded within the ipsilateral mammillary body. The histological examination of the stimulated tissue revealed a fibrillary gliosis due to the trauma caused by the insertion of the electrodes, but no signs of additional tissue damage due to electrical stimulation or chronic mechanical irritation. The results indicate that it is possible to perform therapeutic stimulations of deep brain structures for long periods without inducing relevant changes in morphology or electrical responsiveness of the stimulated tissue. No kindling phenomena are to be expected, if the stimulations are performed at irregular intervals.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01404668
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Theory of resonance Raman scattering and fluorescence from strongly vibronically coupled excited states of polyatomic molecules (1990)
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    The Journal of Chemical Physics 93 (1990), S. 5496-5509 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7690
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A theoretical description of secondary emission from complex absorption bands of isolated polyatomic molecules is developed. The strong non-Born–Oppenheimer coupling associated with conical intersections of the multidimensional excited-state potential-energy surfaces is included in a fully microscopic manner by solving the time-dependent Schrödinger equation for appropriate model systems incorporating the most relevant electronic states and vibrational modes. The effect of the large number of remaining vibrational modes and of the weaker coupling with additional electronic states is modeled by phenomenological relaxation terms (lifetime broadening and pure dephasing) in the framework of the density-matrix formalism. Explicit eigenstate-free expressions for absorption, resonance Raman, and fluorescence spectra are derived via density-matrix perturbation theory. The computational feasibility of the resulting mixed microscopic/phenomenological theory is demonstrated for a simple three-mode model of the vibronic coupling of the S1(nπ*) and S2(ππ*) states of pyrazine. The effect of excited-state vibronic coupling and ultrafast S2→S1 internal conversion on resonance Raman and fluorescence spectra is analyzed on the basis of these model calculations.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.459619
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Theoretical studies on the femtosecond real-time measurement of ultrafast electronic decay in polyatomic molecules (1989)
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    The Journal of Chemical Physics 90 (1989), S. 7184-7194 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7690
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: We present a computer simulation of the real-time detection of ultrafast electronic decay dynamics in polyatomic molecules with femtosecond laser pulses. The intramolecular non-Born-Oppenheimer quantum dynamics is treated numerically exactly for a two-state three-mode vibronic coupling model representing the conically intersecting S1 and S2 excited states of pyrazine. The pump–probe signal is evaluated in lowest order perturbation theory with respect to the radiation–matter interaction by numerical integration over the pump and probe pulses. We discuss in some detail the dependence of the pump–probe signal on the properties of the laser pulses (frequencies and pulse durations). The calculations predict a dramatic (∼12 000 cm−1) and ultrafast (∼20 fs) red shift of the stimulated-emission signal as well as distinctive quantum beats in the pump–probe signal as a function of the delay time. Both effects are very pronounced and should therefore be relatively easily detectable experimentally. They are expected to be generic features of ultrafast internal-conversion processes in polyatomic molecules.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.456248
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Sexual dimorphism of blood pressure: Possible role of the renin-angiotensin system
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    The @Journal of Steroid Biochemistry and Molecular Biology 40 (1991), S. 511-515+IN1-IN2 
    Details
    ISSN: 0960-0760
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/0960-0760(91)90270-F
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