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  • 1
    ISSN: 1432-055X
    Keywords: Schlüsselwörter Intensivmedizin ; Surveillance ; Infektionsraten ; Prävention ; Qualitätsmanagement ; Keywords Intensive care ; Surveillance ; Prevention ; Quality management ; Infection rates
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Abstract Objectives. To establish a surveillance system as an element of internal quality management, participating intensive care units (ICUs) report their ICU-associated infection surveillance data for aggregation into a national database. Methods. In order to provide data on ICU-associated infections, a nosocomial surveillance system in German intensive care units (Krankenhaus-Infektions-Surveillance-System (KISS)) started in 1997. The method of data collection is based on the (adult) ICU surveillance component from the National Nosocomial Infections Surveillance (NNIS)-System. Until now 113 German ICUs (most of them medical/surgical ICUs) were included in this system. We continuously collected and calculated the data from site-specific infections (device-associated pneumonias, blood stream infections and urinary tract infections). Results. There are now a total of 393.177 patient-days (100.015 patients) among them 176.415 ventilator-days, 295.221 central line-days and 316.799 urinary catheter-days in the data base. The data analysis showed the following device-associated infection rates: 11.2 pneumonias/1000 ventilator-days, 1.8 primary bloodstream infections/ 1000 central line-days and 4.0 urinary tract infections/1000 urinary catheter-days. Conclusion. The project has reached high interest in Germany and animated more ICUs to take part or to apply the same method in order to use the reference data for comparison.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Die fortlaufende, systematische Erfassung, Analyse und Interpretation (=Surveillance) nosokomialer Infektionsraten spielt die wesentliche Rolle bei der Problemidentifikation und der nachfolgenden Problemlösung im Rahmen der Infektionsprävention. Ziel des Nationalen Referenzzentrums für Krankenhaushygiene und des Robert Koch-Instituts war die Etablierung einer einheitlichen Surveillance-Methode auf mehreren Intensivstationen und die Bereitstellung der gewonnenen Daten als nationale Referenzdaten. Seit Januar 1997 wird für Deutschland eine Referenzdatenbank zur Surveillance nosokomialer Infektionen auf Intensivstationen aufgebaut. Auf 113 Intensivstationen wurden bisher die Daten von 100.015 Patienten (393.177 Patiententage) erfasst. Als Methode der Standardisierung wird die Anzahl der Infektionen, die während der Anwendung eines Risikofaktors auftreten (Harnwegskatheter, ZVK oder maschinelle Beatmung) auf die Anwendungshäufigkeit des Risikofaktors bezogen (“device”-assoziierte Infektionsrate). Folgende “device”-assoziierten Infektionsraten wurden ermittelt: 4, 0 Harnwegsinfektionen/1.000 Harnwegskathetertage, 1, 8 primäre Septikämien/1000 ZVK-Tage und 11, 2 Pneumonien/1.000 Beatmungstage (Mittelwerte). Durch den Vergleich der eigenen Daten mit denen der Referenzdatenbank haben Intensivstationen Gelegenheit, Anhaltspunkte für eine Optimierung von Präventionsmaßnahmen zu erhalten.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Abdominal imaging 25 (2000), S. 286-289 
    ISSN: 1432-0509
    Keywords: Key words: Gaucher disease—Spleen in Gaucher disease—Splenic nodules—Computed tomography—Magnetic resonance imaging.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract We present a 26-year-old male patient with Gaucher disease who presented with epigastric pain and a palpable mass in the left abdomen. Ultrasound, abdominal computed tomography, and magnetic resonance imaging showed massive splenomegaly with multiple splenic nodules up to 7 cm in diameter. Splenic nodules should be included in the differential diagnosis of splenic masses. Follow-up is necessary because of the increased incidence of hematologic malignancies in Gaucher disease.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    The journal of membrane biology 177 (2000), S. 231-242 
    ISSN: 1432-1424
    Keywords: Key words: Cell shrinkage — Volume regulation — Patch clamp — Nonselective cation channels — Cytoskeleton
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract. It has previously been shown that osmotic cell shrinkage activates a nonselective cation (NSC) channel in M-1 mouse cortical collecting duct cells [54] and in a variety of other cell types [20]. In the present study we further characterized the shrinkage-activated NSC channel in M-1 cells and its mechanism of activation using whole-cell current recordings. Osmotic cell shrinkage induced by addition of 100 mm sucrose to the bath solution caused a 20-fold increase in whole-cell inward currents from −10.8 ± 1.5 pA to −211 ± 10.2 pA (n= 103). A similar response was observed when cell shrinkage was elicited using a hypo-osmotic pipette solution. This indicates that cell shrinkage and not extracellular osmolarity per se is the signal for current activation. Cation substitution experiments revealed that the activated channels discriminate poorly between monovalent cations with a selectivity sequence NH4 (1.2) ≥ Na+ (1) ≈ K+ (0.9) ≈ Li+ (0.9). In contrast there was no measurable permeability for Ca2+ or Ba2+ and the cation-to-anion permeability ratio was about 14. The DPC-derivatives flufenamic acid, 4-methyl-DPC and DCDPC were the most effective blockers followed by LOE 908, while amiloride and bumetanide were ineffective. The putative channel activator maitotoxin had no effect. Current activation was dependent upon the presence of intracellular ATP and Mg2+ and was inhibited by staurosporine (1 μm) and calphostin C (1 μm). Moreover, cytochalasin D (10 μm) and taxol (2 μm) reduced the current response to cell shrinkage. These findings suggest that the activation mechanism of the shrinkage-activated NSC channel involves protein kinase mediated phosphorylation steps and cytoskeletal elements.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    ISSN: 1432-1084
    Keywords: Key words: MR imaging – Cardiac MRI – Volume measurement
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract. The aim of this study was to determine the accuracy in quantifying right and left ventricular volumes using a 1.0-T system and commercially available, standard equipment. For exact comparison of MRI measurements and real volumes we used an animal heart model ex vivo. Eight pig hearts were explanted and prepared by removal of the atria. Aorta and pulmonary truncus were cannulated. Definable volumes were injected into the ventricles. Magnetic resonance imaging was performed at 1.0 T (Gyroscan T10 NT, Philips, Eindhoven, The Netherlands); sequence: fast field echo–echo planar (multishot EPI); body coil; MR software: Cardiac Application Package (Philips). Statistical analysis correlated the real volumes and MR measurements separately for both ventricles and two investigators (SAS, ANOVA). For both ventricles and both investigators the correlation between real volumes and MR measurements was greater than 0.99. There was no significant systematic false estimation for both ventricles. Magnetic resonance imaging at 1.0 T using standard hardware and software equipment enables the quantification of right and left ventricular volumes with high approximation to the real volumes in vitro. There is a clear restriction in translating these data into a clinical application because under experimental conditions no motion-induced artifacts existed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] The most important product of the sequencing of a genome is a complete, accurate catalogue of genes and their products, primarily messenger RNA transcripts and their cognate proteins. Such a catalogue cannot be constructed by computational annotation alone; it requires experimental validation on a ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 72 (2001), S. 698-700 
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: Two static x-ray imagers (SXI) will be used to monitor beam pointing on all target shots in the National Ignition Facility. These pinhole-based instruments will provide time integrated two-dimensional images of target x-ray emissions in the energy range between 2 and 3 keV. These instruments are not DIM based and will view along dedicated lines of sight from near the top and bottom ports of the target chamber. Beams that miss or clip the hohlraum laser-entrance holes will produce x-ray emission on the ends of the hohlraum, indicating improper beam pointing and/or target positioning. The SXIs will also be used to quantify beam focusing and pointing by producing x-ray images of dedicated test targets irradiated by focused beams at precalculated positions. A proposed design is presented, along with supporting data from NOVA target experiments. © 2001 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: X-ray backlighting is a powerful tool for diagnosing a large variety of high-density phenomena. Traditional area backlighting techniques used at Nova and Omega cannot be extended efficiently to National Ignition Facility scale. New, more efficient backlighting sources and techniques are required and have begun to show promising results. These include a backlit-pinhole point-projection technique, pinhole and slit arrays, distributed polychromatic sources, and picket-fence backlighters. In parallel, there have been developments in improving the data signal-to-noise and, hence, quality by switching from film to charge-coupled-device-based recording media and by removing the fixed-pattern noise of microchannel-plate-based cameras. © 2001 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 78 (2001), S. 3009-3011 
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Optical gain spectra of (GaIn)(NAs)/GaAs quantum-well lasers operating in the 1.3-μm-emission-wavelength regime are measured and compared to those of a commercial (GaIn)(AsP)/InP structure. Good agreement of the experimental results with computed spectra of a microscopic many-body theory is obtained. Due to the contributions of a second confined subband, a spectrally broad gain region is expected for (GaIn)(NAs)/GaAs at elevated carrier densities. © 2001 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 76 (2000), S. 3439-3441 
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: GaNxAs1−x samples with x〈3% grown by metalorganic vapor phase epitaxy were studied by low-temperature photoluminescence under hydrostatic pressure and photomodulated reflectance spectroscopy. The transformation from N acting as an isoelectronic impurity to N-induced band formation takes place at x(approximate)0.2%. The N level does not shift with respect to the valence band edge of GaNxAs1−x. Concentration as well as hydrostatic-pressure dependence of the GaNxAs1−x bands can be described by a three band kp description of the conduction band state E− and E+ and the valence band at k=0. The model parameters for T〈20 and T=300 K were determined by fitting the model to the experimental data. Modeling the linewidth of the E− transition by combining the kp model and ion statistics leads to the conclusion that the electron-hole pairs are strongly localized. © 2000 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 76 (2000), S. 271-272 
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The temperature dependence of the emission of a (GaIn)(NAs)/GaAs vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser is investigated. We find laser emission over an extremely broad temperature range from 30 K up to 388 K. The laser threshold varies from 5 kW/cm2 at 373 K down to a minimum of 1 kW/cm2 at 180 K and increases again to 4 kW/cm2 at 30 K. Picosecond emission dynamics after femtosecond optical excitation is obtained with peak delays below 33 ps and pulse widths below 20 ps over the entire operation range. © 2000 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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