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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Trifluoronitrogen(1+) radical cation. Electron spin resonance studies of radiation effects in tetrafluoronitrogen(1+) salts (1975)
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Inorganic chemistry 14 (1975), S. 1103-1106 
    Details
    ISSN: 1520-510X
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ic50147a028
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Structure-odour-activity relationships of alkylpyrazines (1999)
    Springer
    Zeitschrift für Lebensmittel-Untersuchung und -Forschung 208 (1999), S. 308-316 
    Details
    ISSN: 1431-4630
    Keywords: Key words Pyrazine ; Odour threshold ; Structure ; Molecular modelling ; Theoretical receptor
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Abstract  The odour thresholds (i.e. the lowest concentration at which an odour can be detected) of 80 alkylpyrazines, most of them synthesized, were determined by gas chromatography-olfactometry. Trimethylpyrazine (1) had the lowest threshold (50 ng/l air) amongst mono-, di-, tri- and tetramethylpyrazine. Substitution of the methyl group in position 2 of 1 by an ethyl group yielded 2-ethyl-3,5-dimethylpyrazine (2) showing a 4500-fold lower odour threshold than 1. The thresholds of 2-ethenyl-3,5-dimethylpyrazine (3), 2,3-diethyl-5-methylpyrazine (4) and 2-ethenyl-3-ethyl-5-methylpyrazine (5) were as low as that of 2. The threshold of 3-ethenyl-2-ethyl-5-methylpyrazine was 8000 times higher than that of 5, indicating that an ethenyl group was only tolerated in position 2, but not in position 3. A further increase in the odour threshold was found when the ethenyl or the ethyl group was located in position 5. Substitution of the ethyl group of 2 by a (Z)-1-propenyl group increased the threshold only by a factor of 5, whereas the (E)-isomer and the 2-propenyl group enhanced the threshold by factors of 160 and 27000, respectively. Also a propyl, butyl, pentyl, isobutyl or hexyl group in position 2 of 2 was too bulky, and in these molecules the odour threshold was at least 2200 times higher than that of 2. The geometrical structure of a theoretical receptor was obtained by superimposing the minimized structures of pyrazines with low thresholds (Chem-X force-field minimization). Sterically forbidden regions in the resulting model were found by superimposing pyrazines with high thresholds.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002170050422
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Autoantibodies to the islet antigen ICA 69 occur in IDDM and in rheumatoid arthritis (1995)
    Springer
    Diabetologia 38 (1995), S. 351-355 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Keywords: Key words ICA 69 ; insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus; rheumatoid arthritis.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Islet cell antigen (ICA) 69 is a newly-recognized islet cell antigen to which autoantibodies have been observed in prediabetic relatives of patients with insulin-dependent-diabetes mellitus (IDDM). Here we extend the earlier analysis of ICA 69 antibodies to patients with recent-onset IDDM and to patients with other immune-mediated diseases. ICA 69 antibodies were determined by Western blot using an affinity purified recombinant fusion protein of ICA 69 and maltose binding protein. ICA 69 antibody quantities were determined as titres using a titration curve of a standard serum as reference. Mean logarithmic ICA 69 antibody titres were 3.4 (± 1.4) in 99 patients with acute IDDM compared to 2.8 (± 0.9) in 49 healthy blood donors (p 〈 0.001). A higher mean ICA 69 antibody titre of 4.1 (± 0.8) was observed in 16 patients with rheumatoid arthritis in comparison to acute IDDM (p 〈 0.01) and healthy control subjects (p 〈 0.001). The percentage of sera with ICA 69 antibody titres above the 2 SD level of normal subjects was 21 % in IDDM, 31 % in rheumatoid arthritis and 6 % in healthy blood donors. None of the patients with autoimmune thyroid disease (n = 20), inflammatory bowel disease (n = 9) or multiple sclerosis (n = 7) had elevated ICA 69 antibodies. In IDDM, presence of ICA 69 antibodies persisted and the titre remained the same over 18 months of follow-up. The relationship of ICA 69 antibodies to islet cell antibodies (ICA) or insulin autoantibodies (IAA) was tested. The production of ICA 69 antibodies was not associated in diabetic patients with the presence of any of the two other autoantibodies. In conclusion, this study describes ICA 69 antibodies in acute IDDM and finds them to be independent of other islet autoantibodies. In addition ICA 69 is a target of humoural autoimmunity not only in IDDM but also in rheumatoid arthritis. [Diabetologia (1995) 38: 351–355]
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00400641
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Autoantibodies to the islet antigen ICA 69 occur in IDDM and in rheumatoid arthritis (1995)
    Springer
    Diabetologia 38 (1995), S. 351-355 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Keywords: ICA 69 ; insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus ; rheumatoid arthritis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Islet cell antigen (ICA) 69 is a newly-recognized islet cell antigen to which autoantibodies have been observed in prediabetic relatives of patients with insulin-dependent-diabetes mellitus (IDDM). Here we extend the earlier analysis of ICA 69 antibodies to patients with recent-onset IDDM and to patients with other immune-mediated diseases. ICA 69 antibodies were determined by Western blot using an affinity purified recombinant fusion protein of ICA 69 and maltose binding protein. ICA 69 antibody quantities were determined as titres using a titration curve of a standard serum as reference. Mean logarithmic ICA 69 antibody titres were 3.4 (±1.4) in 99 patients with acute IDDM compared to 2.8 (±0.9) in 49 healthy blood donors (p〈0.001). A higher mean ICA 69 antibody titre of 4.1 (±0.8) was observed in 16 patients with rheumatoid arthritis in comparison to acute IDDM (p〈0.01) and healthy control subjects (p〈0.001). The percentage of sera with ICA 69 antibody titres above the 2 SD level of normal subjects was 21% in IDDM, 31% in rheumatoid arthritis and 6% in healthy blood donors. None of the patients with autoimmune thyroid disease (n=20), inflammatory bowel disease (n=9) or multiple sclerosis (n=7) had elevated ICA 69 antibodies. In IDDM, presence of ICA 69 antibodies persisted and the titre remained the same over 18 months of follow-up. The relationship of ICA 69 antibodies to islet cell antibodies (ICA) or insulin autoantibodies (IAA) was tested. The production of ICA 69 antibodies was not associated in diabetic patients with the presence of any of the two other autoantibodies. In conclusion, this study describes ICA 69 antibodies in acute IDDM and finds them to be independent of other islet autoantibodies. In addition ICA 69 is a target of humoural autoimmunity not only in IDDM but also in rheumatoid arthritis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00400641
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Selenium requirement for active xanthine dehydrogenase from Clostridium acidiurici and Clostridium cylindrosporum (1979)
    Springer
    Archives of microbiology 121 (1979), S. 255-260 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Keywords: Purine fermentation ; Xanthine dehydrogenase ; Selenium ; Tungsten ; Molybdenum ; Clostridium acidiurici ; Clostridium cylindrosporum
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The xanthine dehydrogenase of Clostridium acidiurici and C. cylindrosporum was assayed with methyl viologen as acceptor. In C. acidiurici the basal activity level was about 0.3 μmol/min x mg of protein. Cells grown on uric acid in the presence of 10-7 M selenite showed a 14-fold increase in xanthine dehydrogenase activity, which decreased with higher selenite concentrations (10-5 M). The supplementation with 10-7 M molybdate or tungstate was without effect. High concentrations of tungstate decreased the xanthine dehydrogenase if selenite was also present. In comparison, high concentrations of molybdate affected only a small decrease in activity level at the optimal concentration for selenite and relieved to some degree the inhibitory effect of 10-5 M selenite. With hypoxanthine and xanthine as substrates for growth again only the addition of selenite was necessary to show a similar increase in xanthine dehydrogenase activity. C. acidiurici could be grown in a mineral medium. Both xanthine dehydrogenase and formate dehydrogenase exhibited the highest level of activity if selenite and tungstate were present in that medium. In C. cylindrosporum the basal activity level of xanthine dehydrogenase was about 0.95 μmol/min x mg of protein. The addition of 10-7 M selenite to the growth medium increased the activity level about 3-fold, but the highest level (3.7 U/mg) was reached if 10-7 M molybdate was also added. The presence of tungstate resulted in a decreased enzyme activity.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00425064
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Observation of the plasma channel dynamics and Coulomb explosion in the interaction of a high-intensity laser pulse with a He gas jet (1997)
    Springer
    JETP letters 66 (1997), S. 828-834 
    Details
    ISSN: 1090-6487
    Keywords: 52.50.Jm ; 52.20.Hv ; 42.65.Jx
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract We report the first interferometric observations of the dynamics of electron-ion cavitation of relativistically self-focused intense 4 TW, 400 fs laser pulse in a He gas jet. The electron density in a channel 1 mm long and 30 μm in diameter drops by a factor of approximately 10 from the maximum value of ∼8×1019 cm−3. A high radial velocity of the plasma expansion, ∼3.8×108 cm/s, corresponding to an ion energy of about 300 keV, is observed. The total energy of fast ions is estimated to be 6% of the laser pulse energy. The high-velocity radial plasma expulsion is explained by a charge separation due to the strong ponderomotive force. This experiment demonstrates a new possibility for direct transmission of a significant portion of the energy of a laser pulse to ions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/1.567605
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A FRAMEWORK FOR PHOSPHORUS TRANSPORT MODELING IN THE LAKE OKEECHOBEE WATERSHED (1996)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of the American Water Resources Association 32 (1996), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1752-1688
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Geography
    Notes: : A modeling framework was developed to determine phosphorus loadings to Lake Okeechobee from watersheds located north of the lake. This framework consists of the land-based model CREAMS-WT, the in-stream transport model QUAL2E, and an interface procedure to format the land-based model output for use by the in-stream model. QUAL2E hydraulics and water quality routines were modified to account for flow routing and phosphorus retention in both wetlands and stream channels. Phosphorus loadings obtained from previous applications of CREAMS-WT were used by QUAL2E, and calibration and verification showed that QUAL2E accurately simulated seasonal and annual phosphorus loadings from a watershed. Sensitivity and uncertainty analyses indicated that the accuracy of monthly loadings can be improved by using better estimates of in-stream phosphorus decay rates, ground water phosphorus concentrations, and runoff phosphorus concentrations as input to QUAL2E.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-1688.1996.tb03434.x
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Analysis of the desmoplakin gene reveals striking conservation with other members of the plakin family of cytolinkers (1999)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Experimental dermatology 8 (1999), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-0625
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Members of the plakin family of cytolinker proteins integrate filaments into cellula networks and anchor these networks to the plasma membrane. Their importance is supported by the existence of cell and tissue fragility disorders caused by mutations in certain family members. In this study, the human gene encoding desmoplakin (DSP) was characterized and its structure compared with the related family members: plectin, bullous pemphigoid antigen 1 (BPAG1), envoplakin (EVPL) and periplakin (PPL). Sequence analysis of genomic clones was carried out in combination with a PCR-based strategy to define intron-exon border. DSP was mapped using the GB4 radiation hybrid mapping panel to the interval between markers D6S296 and AFM043Xf2, correponding to cytogenetic band 6p24. In addition, the murine gene (DSP) was mapped to mouse chromosome 13 by interspecific backcross mapping. DSP encompasses 45 kb organized into 24 exons and 23 introns, and the pattern of intron-exon borders bears a striking resemblance to other member of the plakin family. Notable features include the fact that a single large exon encodes the entire C-termius of each gene. In contrast, the N-termini comprise numerous smaller exons with conservation of many genses will facilitate their further evaluation as targets of genetic disorders and provide insights into the evolutionary relationships among molecules in this emerging gene family.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0625.1999.tb00304.x
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The ORF YBL042 of Saccharomyces cerevisiae encodes a uridine permease (1998)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    FEMS microbiology letters 159 (1998), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1574-6968
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: The purpose of this work was to identify the function of an open reading frame called YBL042, found during the systematic sequencing of Saccharomyces cerevisiae's chromosome II. The YBL042 gene product shows 70% similarity with the uracil permease and the allantoin permease encoded by FUR4 and DAL4, respectively. The mutation constructed by disruption of this ORF is allelic to the FUI1 gene previously described as encoding the uridine permease but not cloned yet. A strain carrying the disrupted allele and a fui1 mutant exhibit the same phenotype as they do not grow on a medium containing uridine as the sole source of pyrimidines and as they are resistant to 10−3 M 5-fluorouridine (5FUI), a toxic analog of uridine. Even though the FUI1 gene has a multicopy suppressor effect on uracil transport, its product does not seem to be involved in this transport, in contrast to the FUR4 gene product which is involved in uridine transport. Moreover, the FUI1 gene product does not play any role in allantoin transport.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1574-6968.1998.tb12843.x
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Mutation and Enzyme Function in Humans (1975)
    Palo Alto, Calif. : Annual Reviews
    Annual Review of Genetics 9 (1975), S. 187-212 
    Details
    ISSN: 0066-4197
    Source: Annual Reviews Electronic Back Volume Collection 1932-2001ff
    Topics: Biology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.ge.09.120175.001155
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