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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Magnetoresistance oscillations induced by periodically arranged micromagnets (invited) : The 41st annual conference on magnetism and magnetic materials (1997)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 81 (1997), S. 5444-5448 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Probing magnetic fields can be done, e.g., by employing the well established Hall effect. Alternatively, we make use of the ballistic motion of electrons in high mobility two-dimensional electron systems (2DES) to probe electrically the stray field of periodically arranged micomagnets. We investigate the magnetoresistance of the 2DES underneath arrays of magnetic strips and magnetic dots having periods between 500 nm and 1 μm. The periodic stray field gives rise to pronounced oscillations of the resistivity as a function of a homogeneous (weak) magnetic field. The magnetization orientation of the dots and strips can be aligned in different directions with respect to the current flow through the device. The observed magnetoresistance depends characteristically on the magnetization direction and can be understood in terms of the stray field pattern probed by the electrons. © 1997 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.364565
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Epitaxial nanomagnets with intrinsic uniaxial in-plane magnetic anisotropy (2000)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 87 (2000), S. 7016-7018 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: High quality epitaxial Fe films were grown on GaAs(001) by molecular beam epitaxy and magnetron sputtering. Two-dimensional arrays of circular dots with 200 nm diameter and 500 nm period were made by interferometric lithography and ion beam etching. Large area patterning (about 1 cm2) allows integral magnetic measurements with an alternating gradient magnetometer. The magnetic behavior of thick patterned films is dominated by the demagnetizing field. Ultrathin continuous films and dot arrays of these show a strong uniaxial in-plane magnetic anisotropy with the easy axis in [110] direction which is fully conserved during the patterning process. This means that two stable remanent single domain states exist in ultrathin Fe(001) sub-μm dots on GaAs(001) because (i) the magnetostatic energy is not important due to the small aspect ratio, and (ii) the Fe/GaAs(001) interface creates a strong uniaxial in-plane magnetic anisotropy. Nanomagnets with these properties seem very attractive for high density memory elements. © 2000 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.372916
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Magnetization pattern of ferromagnetic nanodisks (2000)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 88 (2000), S. 4437-4439 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: We explore the magnetization pattern of Co and permalloy disks with diameters between 80 nm and 1 μm by using two complementary experimental techniques: Lorentz microscopy and magnetic force microscopy (MFM). By means of Lorentz microscopy we show that the dominating magnetization pattern of the disks is a vortex structure with closed flux lines in the plane of the disks. Complementary MFM measurements demonstrate that the magnetization in the center of the disks is tilted out of the plane of the disk. The experimental findings closely agree with corresponding micromagnetic calculations. © 2000 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1289216
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Morphology and magnetization changes upon annealing of Fe/Cu(100): An in situ scanning tunneling microscopy and magneto-optical Kerr effect study (1997)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 82 (1997), S. 482-484 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Morphology changes and irreversible reorientation of the easy magnetization axis upon annealing of thin epitaxial fcc-iron films grown at 100 K on Cu(100) were studied in situ with scanning tunneling microscopy and the magneto-optical Kerr effect. An irreversible spin reorientation from in-plane to out-of-plane is observed for 6 monolayers thick iron films annealed to 350 K. This change in magnetic anisotropy is accompanied by considerable smoothing of the iron film surface. Annealing to higher temperatures leads to a strong increase of the coercive field by up to a factor of 6. The surfaces of these films are atomically flat and display some scattered needle-like protrusions and dislocation lines. © 1997 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.365581
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Fabrication and characterization of deep mesa etched "anti''-dot superlattices in GaAs-AlGaAs heterostructures (1991)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 58 (1991), S. 2960-2962 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: By etching a periodic array of holes through a high-mobility two-dimensional electron gas we define a lateral, "anti''-dot-type superlattice with periods a=200 and a=300 nm, much smaller than the electron mean free path in the unpatterned material. The devices are fabricated using electron beam lithography and reactive ion etching techniques, and characterized by magnetotransport experiments. Commensurability effects and the observed quenching of the Hall effect indicate that the electron gas between the etched holes essentially maintains its initial high electron mobility.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.104708
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Novel far-infrared-photoconductor based on photon-induced interedge channel scattering (1991)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 58 (1991), S. 2231-2233 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: We demonstrate experimentally that the far-infrared photoresponse of GaAs/AlGaAs heterostructures at photon energies corresponding to cyclotron resonance absorption is strongly enhanced in the adiabatic transport regime of the quantum Hall effect (QHE). Ideal adiabatic transport is characterized within the edge channel picture of the QHE by the absence of interedge channel scattering. We realize adiabatic transport by the means of a multiple gate finger structure, which is used for a selective population of the edge channels. The cyclotron resonance absorption is interpreted as an additional interchannel scattering process increasing the magnetoresistance.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.104935
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Estimation of Streptomycin in Fermentation Broths (1950)
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Analytical chemistry 22 (1950), S. 1038-1039 
    Details
    ISSN: 1520-6882
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ac60044a021
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Radiation-enhanced network formation in copolymer galvanoforms for diffractive nickel x-ray optics with high aspect ratios (1998)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 72 (1998), S. 1805-1807 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: High-resolution x-ray microscopy makes use of nanostructured diffractive optics such as Fresnel zone plates made of nickel. These micro zone plates are manufactured using microscopic galvanoforms and electrodeposition techniques. Copolymer galvanoforms for nickel micro zone plates were irradiated with high doses of x-ray radiation to increase the degree of cross-linking of the copolymer network; in this way, exact pattern replication in the galvanoform was obtained for zone aspect ratios of up to 8:1. Using these galvanoforms, nickel micro zone plates were produced for the soft x-ray wavelength λ=2.4 nm, with smallest zone widths of 30 nm and 40 nm, achieving first-order diffraction efficiencies of up to 13% and 20%, respectively. © 1998 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.121190
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Evaluation of the effective hole masses in pseudomorphic compressively strained GaxIn1−xAs/InP quantum wells (1995)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 67 (1995), S. 67-69 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The valance band structure of metalorganic vapor phase epitaxy (MOVPE) grown strained GaxIn1−xAs/InP single quantum well structures is experimentally verified by the determination of the effective in-plane hole masses. The masses are obtained by performing magnetotransport experiments. Mobilities up to 8700 cm2/V s for gallium content of x=0.3 were reached. The effective heavy hole masses of compressively strained GaInAs are drastically reduced compared to bulk material in excellent agreement to calculations using the k⋅p-perturbation theory, whereas the masses of the uppermost valence band of tensile strained material appear to be rather high. Consequently, no experimental determination was possible in the latter case. A precise analysis of the Shubnikov–de Haas oscillation patterns of compressively strained quantum wells shows a spin splitting of the uppermost heavy hole band, containing two different effective masses. © 1995 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.115509
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Fabrication and characterization of micromagnet arrays on top of GaAs/AlGaAs heterostructures (1995)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 67 (1995), S. 1441-1443 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Using nanolithographic techniques we deposit an array of ferromagnetic dysprosium dots with period a=500 nm on top of GaAs–AlGaAs heterojunctions. The spatially periodic stray fields affect drastically the magnetotransport properties of the electrons in the underlying two-dimensional electron gas and give rise to the long predicted magnetic commensurability oscillations. We show that such a semiconductor-ferromagnet hybrid system can be used to study the magnetic properties of nanoscale particles. © 1995 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.114520
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