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  • 11
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Keywords: Immunoglobulin therapy ; Severe infections ; Intensive care patients
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary A randomized controlled clinical trial was conducted on the effects of immunoglobulin in therapy for infections in 104 intensive care patients. At the first sign of infection, one group of 50 patients received an i.v. preparation of immunoglobulin (4×100 ml) combined with antibiotics. The other 54 control patients received antibiotics alone. The most common infections in these patients were pneumonia, septicemia, peritonitis and wound sepsis. Infections were significantly seldom the cause of death, especially in patients with high-risk surgery who had been treated with immunoglobulin (p≤0.05). Likewise ventilation time in the high-risk surgery group averaged only 5.5 days for those receiving immunoglobulin as opposed to 12.7 days in controls (p≤0.01). Whereas the control group, in particular patients with pneumonia, remained in intensive care an average of 21.5 days, those receiving immunoglobulin stayed only 14.8 days (p≤0.01). In general, patients treated with immunoglobulin recovered more rapidly from infections than did controls (p≤0.01).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 12
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Keywords: Atrial pacing ; coronary artery disease ; ECG ; hemodynamics ; stress testing ; Angina pectoris ; Coronarinsuffizienz ; Belastungstest ; EKG ; Kreislaufphysiologie ; Vorhofschrittmacher
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Vergleichende hämodynamische Untersuchungen wurden bei 38 Coronarkranken und ebensoviclen Herzgesunden aus einer Gruppe von 143 Untersuchungen mittels kontrollierter Herzfrequenzsteigerung angestellt. Schon bei Ruhe zeigten die Coronarkranken im Durchschnitt eine niedrigere Förderleistung des Herzens bei gleichem oder gar niedrigerem Füllungsdruck des Herzens und vergleichbarem arteriellem und pulmonal-arteriellem Druck. Das hypokinetische Syndrom war außerdem durch einen erhöhten peripheren Gefäßwiderstand gekennzeichnet. Bei der stufenweisen Erhöhung der Herzfrequenz sank der Füllungsdruck des rechten und des linken Herzens, um erst bei höheren Frequenzen wieder anzusteigen. Diese Drucksenkung war bei Coronarkranken weniger ausgeprägt. Während SVI und MSERI sanken, blieben Herzindex und TPR bei allen geprüften Herzfrequenzen unverändert, ebenso die arteriellen und pulmonal-arteriellen Drucke. Die Herzarbeit stieg bei den Coronarkranken etwas an. Die sonst eine Sinustachykardie begleitende Sympathicusaktivierung blieb aus. Infolgedessen wurde die AV-Überleitungszeit zunehmend länger. Dadurch entwickelte sich sehr rasch eine Vorhofpfropfung, in deren Verlauf die Überhöhung dera-Welle besonners bei den Coronarkranken auffiel. — Die Dauer der mechanischen Systole nahm mit steigender Herzfrequenz ab. Bei Coronarkranken war diese Verkürzung weniger ausgeprägt. Das Phänomen der relativ zu langen Systole wird auf eine gestörte Kontraktionsmechanik zurückgeführt. Bei 18 von 38 Patienten wurde ein pectanginöser Anfall durch die „Belastung“ ausgelöst. Die eintretenden hämodynamischen Veränderungen waren denjenigen im ergometrisch induzierten Anfall ähnlich, wahrscheinlich bedingt durch sekundäre Sympathicusaktivierung. Das Verfahren der kontrollierten Herzfrequenzsteigerung erlaubt eine präzise und reproduzierbare Bestimmung der „Angina pectoris-Schwelle“. Die Methode ist sehr schonend und birgt sicher mancherlei noch ungenutzte, diagnostische und therapeutische Vorteile.
    Notes: Summary 38 patients with coronary artery disease and 38 control subjects out of a group of 143 patients examined with the atrial pacing technique underwent a hemodynamic study. Even at rest coronary patients exhibited lower cardiac output, while filling pressures and arterial as well as pulmonary arterial pressures were identical. The hypokinetic syndrome was furthermore characterized by elevated total peripheral resistance in the coronary patients. Atrial pacing initially led to a fall of right and left heart filling pressures. At higher rates this pressure rose definitely above normal in the coronary group, and particularly so if angina pectoris was present, or after sudden cessation of pacing. While cardiac index and TPR remained unchanged within the range of heart rates tested, cardiac work increased slightly in the coronary group. These cases required higher ventricular filling pressures to maintain cardiac output. Progressive prolongation of the PR-interval led to the development of gianta-waves in the right and probably also the left atrial pressure pulse. The height of thea-wave was conspicously exaggerated in the coronary disease group. Left ventricular ejection time shortened progessively with rising heart rate. However, this was not observed in the diseased group. Here, a relative prolongation of the duration of mechanical systole was observed and interpreted as evidence of altered contractile properties of the ischemic myocardium. 18 of 38 patients developed angina pectoris during atrial pacing. Hemodynamic changes in this group resmbled those in exercise-induced angina, the reason being most likely a secondary activation of the sympathetic system. Atrial pacing provides a precise and reproducible means for determination of the angina threshold. The hemodynamic alterations, however, appear to be fundamentally different of those occuring in spontaneous or exercise-induced angina. Diagnostic and therapeutic potentials of the atrial pacing method appear considerable, yet they are largely unexplored.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 13
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of molecular medicine 49 (1971), S. 1098-1100 
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 14
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of molecular medicine 47 (1969), S. 289-299 
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 15
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of molecular medicine 51 (1973), S. 791-800 
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Keywords: Fascicular block ; mono- ; bi- ; trifascicular block ; hemi block ; av-conduction disturbances ; HIS bundle-ECG ; Fasciculärer Block ; mono- ; bi- ; trifasciculärer Block ; Hemiblock ; AV-Überleitungsstörungen ; His-Bündel-EKG
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Auf Grund experimenteller und klinischer Beobachtungen können im AV-Überleitungssystem distal vom Hisschen Bündel 3 verschiedene Leitungsbahnen unterschieden werden. Eine genauere Lokalisierung der Unterbrechung einer oder mehrerer Bahnen ist durch eine auf Grund der Blockierung hervorgerufene Änderung des EKG's in Verbindung mit Registrierung der elektrischen Potentiale des Hisschen Bündels möglich. In Anlehnung an die Klassifizierung von Rosenbaumet al. (1970b) werden folgende Blockierungen bzw. Verzögerungen der Erregungs-Leitung unterschieden: 1. Unterbrechung der Leitung vor Aufteilung des Leitungs-systems in die drei distalen Bahnen in Form eines monofasciculären Blocks im Bereich der Pars penetrans des Hisschen Bündels unter dem Bild eines kompletten AV-Blocks. 2. Unterbrechung nach Aufteilung in die distalen Bahnen als monofasciculärer Block in Form eines Rechtsschenkelblocks (RSB), Linksschenkelblocks (LSB), linksanteriorern Hemiblocks (LAH) und linksposterioren Hemiblocks (LPH), 3. als bifasciculärer Block in Form eines RSB alternierend mit einem LSB, RSB mit LAH oder RSB mit LPH, bzw. eines permanenten Blocks in einem Faszikel mit Verlangsamung der Erregungsleitung im kontralateralen Schenkel (LSB mit Verzögerung der Überleitung im rechten Schenkel), 4. als trifasciculärer Block z. B. bei intermittierendem Befall aller 3 distalen Bahnen entweder in Form eines RSB mit LAH im Wechsel mit RSB mit LPH, RSB mit LAH im Wechsel mit komplettem LSB, bzw. kompletter Unterbrechung zweier Faszikel mit Leitungsstörung im verbleibenden dritten distalen Ast (RSB mit LAH mit Verzögerung der Leitung im linksposterioren Ast), oder permanenter Unterbrechung aller drei distalen Bahnen (subdivisionaler AV-Block 3. Grades). Die Genese der Blockformen und die prognostische Bedeutung bei unvollständiger Blockierung hinsichtlich der Entwicklung eines vollständigen ASV-Blocks werden an Hand der Literatur und eigenen Untersuchungsergebnissen diskutiert. Dabei ist die Häufigkeit vorangegangener fasciculärer Blockierungen bei Patienten mit permanentem komplettem AV-Block auffällig, ebenso wie der komplette Block distal vom Hisschen Bündel bei Patienten mit chronischem AV-Block 3. Grades. Bemerkenswert ist auch das nicht seltene Zusammentreffen von Leitungsstörungen sowohl proximal als distal vom Hisschen Bündel beim gleichen Patienten.
    Notes: Summary Experimental and clinical studies have demonstrated that the av-conduction system distal to the bundle of His can be divided into 3 distinct fascicles. The recording of electrical potentials of the bundle of His permits to determine the location of a conduction disturbance in connection with changes produced by the block of one or more of the fascicles. According to the classification of Rosenbaumet al. (1970b), the following conduction disturbances can be distinguished: 1) block in the penetrating portion fo the bundle of His, producing a monofascicular block in the form of a complete av-block. 2) monofascicular block distal to the common av-bundle as right bundle branch block (RBBB), left bundle branch block (LBBB), left anterior hemi-block (LAH) or left posterior hemi block (LPH), 3) bifascicular block as RBBB alternating with LBBB, RBBB with LAH, RBBB with LPH, or monofascicular block with impairment of conduction in the contralateral fascicle (LBBB with conduction disturbance in the RBB), 4) trifascicular block, i.e. intermittent block in all 3 terminal fascicles as RBBB with LAH changing to RBBB with LPH or RBBB with LAH changing to complete LBBB, or bifascicular block with conduction disturbance in the remaining distal tract (RBBB with LAH with impaired conduction in the remaining posterior fascicle) or permanent block of all 3 fascicles (subdivisional 3rd degree av-block). The aetiology and prognostic significance of the different forms of fascicular block especially in regard to the development of complete av-block are discussed. The high percentage of fascicular block as precursor of complete block is emphasized as well as the high percentage of blocks distal to the bundle of His in patients with chronic complete av-block. His bundle recordings can also demonstrate that block both proximal and distal to the common av-bundle in the same patient is not unusual.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 16
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Intensive care medicine 22 (1996), S. 1155-1161 
    ISSN: 1432-1238
    Keywords: Nosocomial pneumonia ; scoring system ; Risk factors ; Intensive care units
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Objective To develop a scoring system for stratifying patients in intensive care units (ICUs) by risk of developing nosocomial pneumonia (NP), based on variables generally available in an ICU, and to determine the probability of a patient developing NP in the ICU. Design and setting A 2-year prospective cohort study conducted in a medical and surgical ICU. Patients 756 patients admitted to the ICU for 48 h or more were followed up until the development of NP or death or discharge from the ICU. Measurements and results 129 (17.1%) patients developed NP, 106 (14%) in the first 2 weeks. The following independent risk factors were identified by multivariate analysis: no infection on admission [relative risk (RR)=3.1, 95% confidence intervals (CI)=2.0 to 4.8]; thorax drainage (RR=2.1, 95% CI=1.2 to 3.5); administration of antacids (RR=2.1, 95% CI=1.4 to 3.1); partial pressure of oxygen (PO2)〉110 mmHg (RR=1.6, 95% CI=1.0 to 2.6); administration of coagulation factors (RR=1.8, 95% CI=1.0 to 3.2); male gender (RR=2.7, 95% CI=1.2 to 6.3); urgent surgery (RR=2.4, 95% CI=0.9 to 6.4); and neurological diseases (RR=4.2, 95% CI=1.9 to 9.4). To obtain a predictive risk index for NP, a scoring system was developed using a multivariate model. The probability of developing NP varied between 11.0% in the lowest risk group and 42.3% in the highest risk group. The patients' risk of acquiring NP was seven times higher in the highest score category (IV) than in the lowest one (I). Conclusions ICU patients can be stratified into high- and low-risk groups for NP. No infection on admission, thorax drainage, administration of antacids, and PO2〉110 mmHg were associated with a higher risk of NP during the entire 2-week period.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 17
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Intensive care medicine 22 (1996), S. 1155-1161 
    ISSN: 1432-1238
    Keywords: Key words Nosocomial pneumonia ; Scoring system ; Risk factors ; Intensive care units
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Objective: To develop a scoring system for stratifying patients in intensive care units (ICUs) by risk of developing nosocomial pneumonia (NP), based on variables generally available in an ICU, and to determine the probability of a patient developing NP in the ICU. Design and setting: A 2-year prospective cohort study conducted in a medical and surgical ICU. Patients: 756 patients admitted to the ICU for 48 h or more were followed up until the development of NP or death or discharge from the ICU. Measurements and results: 129 (17.1%) patients developed NP, 106 (14%) in the first 2 weeks. The following independent risk factors were identified by multivariate analysis: no infection on admission [relative risk (RR)=3.1, 95% confidence intervals (CI)=2.0 to 4.8]; thorax drainage (RR=2.1, 95% CI=1.2 to 3.5); administration of antacids (RR=2.1, 95% CI=1.4 to 3.1); partial pressure of oxygen (PO2) 〉110 mmHg (RR=1.6, 95% CI=1.0 to 2.6); administration of coagulation factors (RR=1.8, 95% CI=1.0 to 3.2); male gender (RR=2.7, 95% CI=1.2 to 6.3); urgent surgery (RR=2.4, 95% CI=0.9 to 6.4); and neurological diseases (RR=4.2, 95% CI=1.9 to 9.4). To obtain a predictive risk index for NP, a scoring system was developed using a multivariate model. The probability of developing NP varied between 11.0% in the lowest risk group and 42.3% in the highest risk group. The patients‘ risk of acquiring NP was seven times higher in the highest score category (IV) than in the lowest one (I). Conclusions: ICU patients can be stratified into high- and low-risk groups for NP. No infection on admission, thorax drainage, administration of antacids, and PO2〉110 mmHg were associated with a higher risk of NP during the entire 2-week period.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 18
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 8 (1975), S. 387-392 
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: Left ventricular pressure ; left ventricular contractility ; hypertension ; diazoxide ; beta-adrenergic blockade ; isometric exercise
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The effect of diazoxide on left ventricular performance during rest and isometric exercise (handgrip) was examined in 16 unselected hypertensive patients, 6 of whom had been pretreated with the beta-adrenergic blocking agent pindolol. Diazoxide regularly and promptly produced a fall in left ventricular systolic and end diastolic pressures, and an increase in heart rate and left ventricular dp/dtmax. Haemodynamic changes were maximal 2 minutes after injection of the drug and decreased little over the next 8 minutes. After beta-adrenergic blockade, diazoxide caused a more pronounced reduction in left ventricular systolic pressure and a less marked fall in end-diastolic pressure, whilst the diazoxide-induced rise in heart rate was partially and the increase of dp/dtmax was completely inhibited. The increase in systolic pressure during isometric exercise was not influenced by diazoxide, but the positive inotropic reaction was augmented. The findings appear to show that cardiac stimulation by diazoxide is due to a reflex mechanism transmitted by baroreceptors, and that improvement of cardiac performance is mainly due to a reduction of left ventricular after-load.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 19
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 18 (1980), S. 461-465 
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: antiarrhythmic drugs ; lorcainide ; haemodynamic effects ; i.v. dose
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The cardiovascular effects of a single i.v. dose (2 mg/kg over 5 min) of lorcainide were studied in 14 patients with heart disease. In the haemodynamic part of the study (6 patients), the aortic and pulmonary systolic, diastolic and mean pressures, left ventricular systolic and end-diastolic pressures, cardiac output and the rate of rise of left ventricular pressure were measured before and for 30 min after administration of the drug. Lorcainide produced a slight and short-lasting decrease in the aortic and pulmonary systolic pressures, and all other pressure values remained unchanged. The cardiac output and systemic vascular resistance were not altered by lorcainide. It consistently depressed the rate of rise of left ventricular pressure (maximum mean decrease 19%). In the angiographic part of the study (8 patients), the ejection fraction and the mean velocity of circumferential fiber shortening were measured before and 5 min after lorcainide. In all but one patient, lorcainide decreased the ejection fraction (mean decrease 11.6%), and the mean velocity of circumferential fiber shortening was uniformly diminished by lorcainide (mean decrease 29.7%). Thus, lorcainide moderately impaired myocardial performance in patients with normal and reduced left ventricular function without producing hypotensive side effects.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 20
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 29 (1985), S. 461-465 
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: carteolol ; chronic renal failure ; pharmacokinetics ; dosage adjustment ; metabolism
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The plasma levels and urinary excretion of carteolol and its main metabolites 8-hydroxycarteolol and carteolol glucuronide were investigated in 6 healthy subjects and 9 patients with varying degrees of renal impairment following a single oral dose of 30 mg carteolol hydrochloride. In healthy subjects the half-life of carteolol was 7.1 h. 63% of the administered dose was recovered unchanged in urine, and in all 84% was excreted by the kidneys. The renal clearance of carteolol was 255 ml/min. In chronic renal failure (CRF) the terminal half-life was increased to a maximum of 41 h. Both the elimination rate constant and renal clearance were closely related to the creatinine clearance. In CRF the recovery of carteolol and its metabolites from urine was considerably reduced, suggesting that another pathway of drug elimination becomes relevant in renal disease. To avoid an increase in side-effects due to drug accumulation, the dosage of carteolol should be adjusted in relation to the reduction in creatinine clearance. The maintenance dose should be reduced to a half in patients with a creatinine clearance below 40 ml/min and above 10 ml/min. In those with a creatinine clearance of 10 ml/min or less, the dose should be reduced to 1/4.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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