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  • 11
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Na+ Sensitivity of ROMK1 K+ Channel: Role of the Na+/H+ Antiporter (1999)
    Springer
    The journal of membrane biology 172 (1999), S. 67-76 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1424
    Keywords: Key words: Na+ sensor — Inward rectifier K+ channel — ROMK — Na+/H+ antiporter
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract. To examine the extracellular Na+ sensitivity of a renal inwardly rectifying K+ channel, we performed electrophysiological experiments on Xenopus oocytes or a human kidney cell line, HEK293, in which we had expressed the cloned renal K+ channel, ROMK1 (Kir1.1). When extracellular Na+ was removed, the whole-cell ROMK1 currents were markedly suppressed in both the oocytes and HEK293 cells. Single-channel ROMK1 activities recorded in the cell-attached patch on the oocyte were not affected by removal of Na+ from the pipette solution. However, macro-patch ROMK1 currents recorded on the oocyte were significantly suppressed by Na+ removal from the bath solution. A blocker of Na+/H+ antiporters, amiloride, largely inhibited the Na+ removal-induced suppression of whole-cell ROMK1 currents in the oocytes. The pH-insensitive K80M mutant of ROMK1 was much less sensitive to Na+ removal. Na+ removal was found to induce a significant decrease in intracellular pH in the oocytes using H+-selective microelectrodes. Coexpression of ROMK1 with NHE3, which is a Na+/H+ antiporter isoform of the kidney apical membrane, conferred increased sensitivity of ROMK1 channels to extracellular Na+ in both the oocytes and HEK293 cells. Thus, it is concluded that the ROMK1 channel is regulated indirectly by extracellular Na+, and that the interaction between NHE transporter and ROMK1 channel appears to be involved in the mechanism of Na+ sensitivity of ROMK1 channel via regulating intracellular pH.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002329900584
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  • 12
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Septic shock due toPseudomonas aeruginosa in a previously healthy woman (1995)
    Springer
    Intensive care medicine 21 (1995), S. 226-228 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1238
    Keywords: Pseudomonas aeruginosa ; Septicemia ; Septic shock
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Pseudomonas aeruginosa septicemia rarely occurs in non-immunocompromised adults. We present a case of septic shock followingPseudomonas aeruginosa pneumonia in a previously healthy 48-year-old woman. The onset was sudden, with back pain, pyrexia and shock. Chest radiographs revealed pneumonia, andPseudomonas aeruginosa was identified from blood and sputum cultures. Therapy with dopamine, piperacillin and fluid replacement led to a prompt recovery. Laboratory tests failed to reveal any immunological deficits. Including this case, only five cases ofPseudomonas aeruginosa septicemia in patients though to be non-immunocompromised have been reported. Two remarkable features of this type ofPseudomonas infection are apparent: i) it commonly develops from pneumonia and ii) it has a better prognosis than that in immunocompromised hosts.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01701476
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  • 13
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of trendelenburg versus passive leg raising: Autotransfusion in humans (1996)
    Springer
    Intensive care medicine 22 (1996), S. 613-614 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1238
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01708113
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  • 14
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Detection of hydrogen isotope atoms by mass spectrometry combined with resonant ionization (1999)
    Springer
    Applied physics 69 (1999), S. 129-132 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0649
    Keywords: PACS: 79.20.D; 42.62.F; 62.80.K
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract. We examined the application of mass spectrometric methods using resonant ionization by a tunable laser and proposed its use for analyzing hydrogen isotopes. We conducted resonance ionization mass spectrometry (RIMS) to detect gas-phase hydrogen isotope atoms. The ionization efficiency was increased by more than 1000 times that obtained with conventional methods using nonresonant ionization. Resonant laser ablation mass spectrometry (RLAMS) was applied for deuterium detection in solid samples. A graphite substrate implanted with deuterium was used for ordinary laser ablation mass spectrometry (LAMS) and RLAMS. The deuterium signal was observed very clearly by RLAMS, in contrast to LAMS. Mass spectrometry combined with resonance ionization was very useful for hydrogen isotope detection, because components with equal mass numbers were resolved and the method demonstrated higher ionization efficiency.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s003400050784
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  • 15
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Accommodative properties of fast and slow pyramidal tract cells and their modification by different levels of their membrane potential (1968)
    Springer
    Experimental brain research 5 (1968), S. 189-201 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Keywords: Accommodation ; PT cell ; Membrane potential ; Fast-slow cell groups
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary 1. Threshold-latency curves were determined by intracellular application of linearly rising currents to cat pyramidal tract (PT) cells under various conditions of impalement. The nature of the curves was found to vary considerably, depending mainly upon the resting potential level. Three different types of curves were distinguished: (1) the ceiling type at relatively high resting potentials, (2) the simple type at moderate levels and (3) the minimal gradient type under depolarized conditions. In the first type, the ceiling increased with increasing membrane potential level. The second type attained an extremely low ceiling. 2. After eliminating the effects of the resting potential, a significant difference was still found between the ceilings of fast and slow PT cells, the ceilings being higher in the former than in the latter. 3. Parameters determining the threshold-latency curve were analyzed by applying current steps intracellularly, as described in previous paper. The variations of the ceiling due to the resting potential level were found to be dominated by the first exponential component of the membrane, while those between fast and slow cells were ascribable to the second exponential component.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00238663
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  • 16
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Role of γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) in the extrapyramidal motor system 1. Regional distribution of GABA in rabbit, rat, guinea pig and baboon CNS (1971)
    Springer
    Experimental brain research 13 (1971), S. 514-518 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Keywords: GABA-Regional distribution ; Rabbit ; Rat ; Guinea pig ; Baboon ; CNS ; Substantia nigra
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The regional distribution of GABA in the CNS of rabbit (17 regions), rat (14 regions), guinea pig (12 regions) and baboon (11 regions) was determined by sensitive enzymatic and fluorometric assay. In all species studied a high concentration of GABA was found in substantia nigra (8.5–10.1 mmoles/kg) and pallidum (6.5–8.2 mmoles/kg). Fairly high amounts were found in hypothalamus, superior and inferior colliculi, nucleus oculomotorius and dentate nucleus. The GABA concentration in spinal cord (white matter) had the lowest value.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00234282
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  • 17
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Locally evoked potentials in slices of rat neostriatum: A tool for the investigation of intrinsic excitatory processes (1979)
    Springer
    Experimental brain research 34 (1979), S. 575-590 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Keywords: Neostriatum slices ; Field potentials ; Action potentials ; EPSPs ; Intrinsic excitation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Field potentials, extracellular unitary discharges and intracellular potentials evoked by intrastriatal stimulation were recorded from slices (thickness 200–400 μm) of rat neostriatum maintained in an artificial medium. The field potentials consisted of two negative waves appearing at latencies of 0.5–1.5 ms (N-1) and 2–4 ms (N-2). Extracellular unitary records showed two types of discharges, one with short but constant latencies at threshold level stimulation and the other with longer and variable latencies. In intracellular recordings the late discharge was seen to arise from EPSPs. Based on the intra- and extracellular unitary records, N-1 was identified as the population spike of antidromically or directly activated unitary discharges and N-2 as that of orthodromically activated discharges. This interpretation was substantiated by the fact that the N-2 potential was blocked in a perfusion medium containing a lower Ca++ or a higher Mg++ concentration than the standard solution. Neither interruption of ascending neostriatal inputs nor decortication 14 days prior to recording altered the configuration of the locally evoked potentials or the probability of synaptically driven discharge occurrence. Thus by intrastriatal stimulation, neostriatal neurons are activated antidromically or directly and/or orthodromically through intrinsic excitatory synapses. Since the intracellular recordings showed that neostriatal neurons can be well preserved, this preparation can be regarded as a useful tool for electrophysiological and neuropharmacological investigations on intrinsic excitatory processes in the neostriatum.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00239150
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  • 18
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Corticofugal influences on transmission to the dorsal spinocerebellar tract from hindlimb primary afferents (1967)
    Springer
    Experimental brain research 3 (1967), S. 135-149 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Keywords: DSCT ; Corticospinal ; Inhibition ; Excitation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Effects from the cerebral cortex on neurones of the dorsal spinocerebellar tract (DSCT) were examined: I. In group I units (units receiving monosynaptic excitation from group I fibres) repetitive stimulation of the contralateral sensorimotor cortex usually inhibited impulse transmission from the primary afferents. The inhibition had a latency of 10–20 msec and lasted for 82-100 msec or more. Discharges induced by muscle stretch were also inhibited by the cortical stimulation. DSCT units belonging to extensors and flexors were both inhibited from the cortex. In a small percentage of group I units the inhibition was preceded by a shorter-lasting excitation. 2. FRA units (units receiving excitation from cutaneous and/or high threshold muscle afferents) were typically excited by the cortical stimulation. The excitation was often followed by a period of depression of transmission from the periphery. 3. It is suggested from the effective cortical area and experiments with lesions in the medullary pyramid and in the spinal cord that the inhibition in group I units and the excitation of FRA units are both mediated by the corticospinal tract. Experiments were also made to determine the level where the cell body of a given DSCT unit is located, and the results from 56 units are presented.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00233258
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  • 19
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Cortically evoked pre-and postsynaptic inhibition of impulse transmission to the dorsal spinocerebellar tract (1967)
    Springer
    Experimental brain research 3 (1967), S. 163-177 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Keywords: DSCT ; Postsynaptic inhibition ; Presynaptic inhibition ; Corticospinal ; Primary afferents
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Synaptic actions evoked from primary afferents and the sensorimotor cortex in neurones of the dorsal spinocerebellar tract were investigated: 1. Stimulation of the anterior lobe of the cerebellum produced a small IPSP in only one but not in the other six neurones examined. 2. IPSPs were induced not only from group I fibres (in 41% of group I neurones) but also from cutaneous and/or high threshold muscle afferents (in 37%). 3. Stimulation of the contralateral sensorimotor cortex evoked IPSPs in 80% of group I neurones. The IPSP had a latency of 10–15 msec and lasted for 40–100 msec. EPSPs were evoked from the cortex in a small number of neurones. 4. Effects from the cortex were compared with those from primary afferents in individual neurones. The cortical IPSPs were induced independently of whether the neurone received monosynaptic EPSP from extensor or flexor group I fibres. The cortical IPSPs (or EPSPs) occurred more frequently in neurones which exhibited polysynaptic IPSPs (or EPSPs) from primary afferents. 5. The few FRA neurones encountered were all excited from the cortex. Excitability measurements of primary afferent terminals in or near Clarke's column showed that a terminal depolarization is evoked from the cortex in group Ib but not in Ia afferents. The relative importance of post-and presynaptic inhibition of transmission to the DSCT is discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00233260
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  • 20
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Somatotopic organization of the human somatosensory cortex revealed by neuromagnetic measurements (1984)
    Springer
    Experimental brain research 56 (1984), S. 197-205 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Keywords: Magnetoencephalography ; Somatosensory cortex ; Somatic evoked field ; Somatotopic organisation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The primary projection areas in the human somatosensory cortex activated by electrical stimulation of the digits of the hand and the ankle were localized by measuring the magnetic field outside the head contralateral to the side of stimulation. Most of the spatial variation in the amplitude of the field component normal to the scalp could be accounted for by representing each source as a single current dipole in a spherical conducting medium with solely concentric variations in electrical conductivity, although the fit of this model to the data showed some statistically significant deviations. Based on the best-fitting parameter values of the model, we found that the projection areas of the thumb, the index finger, the little finger and the ankle were located at successively more medial positions along the primary somatosensory cortex, at an average depth of 2.2 cm from the scalp surface.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00236274
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