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  • Electronic Resource  (3,037)
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  • 1995-1999  (2,651)
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  • 1980-1984
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  • 1
    ISSN: 1572-8854
    Keywords: Tautomerism ; hydrogen bonding ; crystal structure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract Crystals consisting of two distinct chemical entities, tautomers of each other, in exact 1∶1 ratio, have been obtained and their structure determined by X-ray analysis. The crystals of C9H11N3·C9H11N3 are monoclinic,P21/c,a=15.674(3),b=17.085(3),c=13.758(3)Å, β=90.78(2)°,Z=8. There are two hydroxylamine and two aminonitrone molecules in the asymmetric unit. Hydrogen bonds connect those molecules into chiral layers. Layers of opposite chirality alternate andthe crystal is centrosymmetric as a whole. Within those layers chains of tautomers joined by very strong O−H... O and strong N−H... N bonds can be recognized. Proton transfer along those chains with simultaneous rearrangement of π-bonds within the molecules would result in interconversion of tautomers and would affect chirality of the layer.
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of chemical crystallography 25 (1995), S. 57-62 
    ISSN: 1572-8854
    Keywords: phase diagram ; buffered chloroaluminate ; crystal structure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract The phase diagram of the buffered neutral aluminum chloride + 1-ethyl-3-methyl-1H-imidazolium chloride + sodium chloride (AlCl3-EMIC-NaCl) ternary melt system can be represented by a binary phase diagram composed of (EMI)AlCl4 and NaAlCl4. In the binary phase diagram, the salts are liquid at, or near, room temperature for a wide range of compositions. At the 1∶1 composition, the congruently melting compound (EMI)(Na)(AlCl4)2 with m.p.=36.7°C is formed. Crystals of this mixed organic-inorganic salt were grown for single crystal x-ray diffraction analysis. The compound crystalizes in the space group $$P\bar 1$$ with lattice parametersa=10.321(1) Å,b=10.895(3) Å,c=9.284(4) Å, α=98.31(2)°, β=100.83(4)°, γ=101.95(3)°. Data collected at −120°C gave final residuals ofR=0.037 andR w=0.045 using 2713 observed reflections. The packing diagram reveals Na+ ion zig-zag chains running along thea-axis with each Na+ surrounded by four AlCl 4 − units, reminiscent of NaAlCl4. The AlCl 4 − ions form a distorted square planar coordination sphere around Na+ at an average Na−Al distance of 3.76(4) Å. Using a sodium ionic radius of 1.16 Å, a new AlCl 4 − ionic radius of 2.60 Å is calculated. This radius is 0.21 Å shorter than the reported thermodynamic radius.
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of chemical crystallography 25 (1995), S. 223-226 
    ISSN: 1572-8854
    Keywords: Antifungal alkaloids ; 3-methylsampangine ; crystal structure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract 3-Methylsampangine, C16H10N2O, crystallizes in the monoclinic space group P21/c witha=7.260(3),b=10.697(5),c=15.342(6) Å, and β=102.69(4). All nonhydrogen atoms of this potent antifungal agent are planar to within 0.082 Å. The title compound exhibits potentin vitro antifungal activity againstC. neoformans, C. albicans andA. fumigatus.
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of chemical crystallography 25 (1995), S. 219-222 
    ISSN: 1572-8854
    Keywords: Calcium phosphate ; calcium pyrophosphate ; calcium potassium pyrophosphate ; crystal structure ; layer-type structure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract The crystal structure of Ca10K4(P2O7)6·9H2O has been determined by single crystal X-ray diffraction. Crystals are hexagonal, space group P63cm witha=11.761(1),c=9.770(1) Å, andZ=1. The structure was refined toR=0.028 andR w=0.037 for 468 reflections withI≥3σ(I). The structure consists of a compact assembly of Ca and P2O7 ions arranged in layers perpendicular to thec-axis in a hexagonal array with relatively large open channels along thec-axis. The K ions and the water molecules are located in these open channels and are disordered.
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of chemical crystallography 25 (1995), S. 295-298 
    ISSN: 1572-8854
    Keywords: Cage-diol ; crystal structure ; photooxidation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract An unusual photooxidation was noted upon photolytic cage closure of a substituted tricyclo[6.2.1.02.7]undecane-exo, exo-diol. The resultant compound, which may be regarded as a mono-reduced pentacyclo[5.4.0.02,6.03,10.05,9]undecane-8,11-dione, was characterizedvia X-ray crystallography. This species could be reduced to the tricyclo[6.2.1.02,7]undecane-endo, exo-diol under conditions previously shown to be inert for the parent dione.
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  • 6
    ISSN: 1572-8854
    Keywords: Benzonaphthodioxosuberane ; crystal structure ; radermachol
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract The crystal and molecular structure of the title compound (2) C21H16O4 has been determined by an X-ray analysis, by direct methods from diffractometer data and refined by full-matrix least squares. The compound (2) crystallizes in the space group P21/a, with cell parameters:a=36.432(5),b=5.512(3),c=8.269(5) Å, β=108.0(3)°,z=4,D c =1.397 g/cm−3,R=7.8 for 1136 observed reflections. The conformation of the tetracyclic ring system shows a folding of two planar parts of the carbon skeleton about an axis passing thorough C8 and C16 of the seven membered ring C.
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  • 7
    ISSN: 1572-8862
    Keywords: Palladium ; gold ; cluster ; phosphine ; crystal structure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Abstract [Au2Pd14(μ3-CO)7(μ2-CO)2(PMe3)11](PF6)2 has been synthesized from [Pd8(CO)8(PMe3)7] and AuCl(PCy3) in the presence of TIPF6. It has been characterised on the basis of mass spectrometry, infrared and NMR spectroscopy, and a single crystal X-ray diffraction study. The structure is based on a palladium-centered Au2Pd11 icosahedron which shares an edge with a Pd5 trigonal bipyramid.
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  • 8
    ISSN: 1572-8862
    Keywords: Cluster carbonyl ; osmium ; gold ; arene ; crystal structure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Abstract Reduction of the heptaosmium cluster [Os7(CO)21] With [Et4N][NH4) gives the cluster dianion [Os7(CO)20]2−,1, in high yield. The reaction of the dianion with [AuPR 3Cl] (R=Et or Ph) in the presence of TlPF6 forms [Os7((CO)20(AuPR 3)2] [R=Et (2a);R = Ph(2b)] in 80% yield, while the corresponding reaction with (Os(C6H6)(CH3CN)3]2+ gives [Os8(CO)20 (η 6-C6H6)] (3) in reasonable yield (ca. 30%). The dianion,1, and the clusters2 and3 have been fully characterized by bout spectroscopic and crystallographic methods. The crystal structure of the [Ph4P]+ salt of1 shows that the metals in the anion adopt a capped octahedral geometry, with all twenty carbonyl ligands in terminal sites. The metal core geometry in2a is best described as a tricapped octahedron, and is based on the structure of the dianion1 with two adjacent octahedral faces capped by the Au atoms of the two AuPEt3 groups. In a similar fashion, the geometry of3 is related to that of1 with the addition of an Os(C6H6) unit capped to a triangular face, to give a bicapped octahedral framework.
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  • 9
    ISSN: 1572-8862
    Keywords: Undecaosmium carbido cluster ; µ-bridged chlorol preparation ; crystal structure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Abstract A chloro-derivative of undecaosmium carbido cluster [Os11C(CO)27(µ-Cl)]-1 anion has been prepared and fully characterized by spectroscopic and crystallographic methods. The structure1 is an important intermediate for the conversion of [Os11C(CO)27]2 2 dianion to [OS10C(CO)24]2-3 dianion.
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  • 10
    ISSN: 1572-8862
    Keywords: Silver ; iron ; carbonyl ; cluster ; crystal structure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Abstract The oxidation of the [Fe(CO)4]2− dianion with Ag+ salts occurs through a particularinner-sphere mechanism, which involves an intermediate cascade of silver clusters stabilized by Fe(CO)4 ligands. The last detectable Ag-Fe cluster of the sequence is the [Ag13{μ-Fe(CO)4}8]3− trianion, which has been selectively obtained by using ca. 1.7 equivalents of Ag+ per mole of [Fe(CO)4]2−. The [Ag13{μ-Fe(CO)4}8]3−- trianion has been isolated in a crystalline state with several quaternary cations, and has been characterized by X-ray diffraction studies of its bis(triphenylphosphine)iminium salt. [N(PPh3)2]3 [Ag13{μ 3-Fe(CO)4}8]·2(CH3)2CO, monoclinic, space group P21 (No.4),a = 16.284(2) Å,b =18.767(5) Å,c = 25.905(4) Å,β = 90.46(1)°,V = 7916(3) Å3,Z = 2,R = 0.0324. The molecular structure of the anion consists of a centered cuboctahedron of silver atoms with the triangular faces capped by Fe(CO)4 units. Chemical reduction of ( Ag13{μ 3-Fe(CO)4}8]3− affords the corresponding [Ag13{μ 3-Fe(CO)4)8]4−, which in turn gives [Ag13{μ 3-Fe(CO)4)8]5− and [Ag6{μ 3-Fe(CO)4}4]– upon further reduction. Electrochemical investigations confirm the reversibility of the [Ag13{μ 3-Fe(CO)4}8]3−/4− redox change. Furthermore, in spite of some electrode poisoning effects, evidence of the existence of the [Ag13{μ 3-Fe(CO)4}8]5− pentaanion was obtained. The yet structurally uncharacterized [Ag6{μ 3-Fe(CO)4)4]2− dianion is quantitatively obtained by reaction of [Fe(CO)4]2− with ca. 1.5 equivalents of Ag+ or by addition of one equivalent of Ag+ to solutions of the [Ag5{Fe(CO)4}4]3− trianion. All attempts to isolate its quaternary salts as crystalline materials failed owing to formation of amorphous insoluble precipitates. The above series ofμ 3-Fe(CO)4 octa-capped cuboctahedral Ag13 clusters can be envisioned as the Ag+ . Ag and Ag− cryptates of the [Ag12{μ}3-Fe(CO)4}8]4− cryptand. respectively.
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  • 11
    ISSN: 1572-8862
    Keywords: Osmium ; unsaturated cluster ; ortho-metallation ; siloxyl ligand ; crystal structure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Abstract The reaction of Os3(CO)10(NCMe)[Si(OMe)3](μ-H),1, with PMe2Ph yielded the new complex Os3(CO)10(PMe2Ph)[Si(OMe)3](μ-H),2 by substitution of the MeCn ligand with the phosphine ligand. When heated to 125°C compound2 was decarbonylated and transformed into the new unsaturated cluster complex Os3(CO)8[μ-PMe2(C6H4)][Si(OMe)3](μ-H)2,3 in 54% yield. Compound3 was characterized by a single crystal X-ray diffraction analysis, osmium bonds. The phenyl ring of the phosphine ligand has undergoneortho-metallation by a neighboring metal atom. A terminally coordinated Si(OMe)3 ligand is coordinated to the third osmium atom. The cluster is unsaturated by the amount of 2 electrons, and there is an open coordination site on the siloxyl substituted osmium atom that is partially filled by a weak interaction with one of the π-bonds of theortho-metalled phenyl ring. Complex3 reacts with CO at 1 atm to reform compound2 in 85% yield in 5 h at 40°C. Crystal Data: for3: space group = P21/n,a = 9.911(2) Å,b = 18.451(6) Å,c = 14.872(2) Å,β = 95.64(2)°,Z = 4, 1994 reflections,R = 0.028.
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  • 12
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of cluster science 6 (1995), S. 549-566 
    ISSN: 1572-8862
    Keywords: Molybdenum ; tungsten ; di-μ-oxo bridge ; sexadentate ligands ; asymmetric distortion ; stereoselectivity ; crystal structure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Abstract Binuclear oxomolybdenum(V) and oxotungsten(V) complexes of the type, [M 2(O)2(μ-X)(μ-X 1)]”, where M=Mo, W;X.X 1=O, S; L=edta, pdta (n=2-), tpen, tppn (n=2+) (edta4– =ethylenediaminetetraacetate(4–), pdta=R- orR,S-propylenediaminetetraacetate(4–), tpen=N,N,N 1,N1-tetrakis(2-pyridyhnethyl)-ethylenediamine, and tppn=R- orR,S-N,N,N 1,N1-tetrakis(2-pyridylmethyl)-propylenediami ne) are reviewed with respect to their preparation, structure, spectroscopic properties, reactivities, and in particular asymmetric distortion around the bicyclo [4.1.1 ] type core and stereoselectivity related to this distortion,
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  • 13
    ISSN: 1572-8854
    Keywords: Molecular mechanics ; molecular dynamics ; MNDO ; CMPO ; crystal structure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract The crystal structure of N,N-diisobutyl-2-(octylphenylphosphinyl)acetamide, or CMPO was recently determined. The compound crystallizes in the space group P21/c witha=13.446(6),b=22.280(7),c=17.217(7) Å, β=92.07(4)°, andD calc=1.05 g/cm3 forZ=8 @20°C). Molecular mechanics, molecular dynamics, and MNDO calculations were also performed on CMPO utilizing the SYBYL1 suite of programs. The results from these calculations are compared to the crystal structure and to similar calculations performed on CMPO using ALCHEMY2,3. In general, the results from the calculations agree fairly well with the parameters from the crystal structure.
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  • 14
    ISSN: 1572-8854
    Keywords: Mercury(II) terpyridine complex ; crystal structure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract [Hg(terpy)2](CF3SO3)2·0.5(CH3)2CO crystallizes in the triclinic $$P\bar 1$$ space group witha=14.631(6),b=15.258(4),c=18.785(7) Å, α=69.66(2), β=70.72(1), γ=88.55(1)°. The crystal structure consists of two independent [Hg(terpy)2]2+ cations, four trifluoromethanesulfonate anions and an acetone molecule in the asymmetric unit. Each mercury atom is coordinated by two tridentate terpyridine ligands forming an irregular six-coordination polyhedron. The Hg−N bond lengths range from 2.27(2) to 2.53(2) Å.
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  • 15
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of chemical crystallography 25 (1995), S. 463-467 
    ISSN: 1572-8854
    Keywords: 1,3-dithiole-4-carboxamides ; resonance effect ; short intramolecular S...O contact ; crystal structure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract The two closely related compoundsN,N-dimethyl 5-(methylthio)-2-thioxo-1,3-dithiole-4-carboxamide1 andN-(p-methoxy-phenyl)-N-methyl 5-(methylthio)-2-thioxo-1,3-dithiole-4-carboxamide2 have been characterized by X-ray crystal structure determination. Crystal data for1: triclinic, $$P\bar 1$$ ,a=6.767(1),b=12.594(2),c=6.648(1) Å, α=101.38(1), β=93.37(2), γ=79.62(1)°,V=546.2 Å3,Z=2. Crystal data for2: monoclinic, Cc,a=19.836(4),b=6.057(1),c=15.860(3) Å, β=127.61(3)°,V=1509.5Å3,Z=4. The molecular structures of1 and2 show remarkable differences concerning the conformational behavior. These differences are related to the nature of the substituents at the nitrogen atom. The presence of an aromatic system in2 leads to an almost planar arrangement of the α-oxoketene dithioacetal moiety. This effect is accompanied by a short intramolecular S...O contact of 2.648(2) Å. In the absence of an aromatic system, as is the case for compound1, neither a resonance effect along the α-oxoketene dithioacetal fragment nor a short S...O distance is observed.
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  • 16
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of chemical crystallography 25 (1995), S. 579-582 
    ISSN: 1572-8854
    Keywords: Dibenzo-18-crown-6 ; hetero bimetallic ; crown ether ; crystal structure ; ferric chloride
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract Slow evaporation of a solution of ferric chloride and dibenzo-18-crown-6 in 3∶1 CH3CN∶CH3OH produced single crystals of the title complex. This heterobimetallic crown ether complex, [Na(dibenzo-18-crown-6)][FeCl4], crystallizes in the monoclinic space group P2t/n with cell parameters (at 22°C)a=14.608(6),b=10.466(9),c=17.276(9)Å, β=91.47(6)°, andD calc=1.46 g cm−3 for Z=4. The structure consists of discrete ions with the shortest Na ... Cl distance a lengthy contact of 3.56(1)Å. The average Na...O separation is 2.69(3)Å. The [FeCl4]− anion exhibits a distorted tetrahedral geometry with an average Fe−Cl bond length of 2.16(2)Å.
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  • 17
    ISSN: 1572-8854
    Keywords: Amines ; crystal structure ; pentacycloundecane-8,11-dione
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract The crystal structures of three compounds formedvia nucleophilic attack of a heterocyclic secondary amine on PCU-8,11-dione, with the concomitant intramolecular attack of one keto oxygen on the carbon of the other ketone, are presented. In all three compounds, the bridging oxygen contains substantial p-character, and the bonds to the “attacking” nitrogen are significantly shorter than would be expected.
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  • 18
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of chemical crystallography 25 (1995), S. 765-768 
    ISSN: 1572-8854
    Keywords: Sesterterpene ; scalaran ; crystal structure ; marine compound
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract The molecular geometry of a tetracyclic sesterterpene has been determined by X-ray diffraction. The conformation of the aldehyde group as observed in the crystal structure supports the rationalization for the absence of aldehyde proton coupling in the nmr spectra of the compound. Crystal data: C28H42O5, M.W.=458.6; orthorhombic, P212121;a=10.797(2),b=29.270(9),c=8.033(1)Å,V=2538.7Å3,Dx=1.199 g cm−3;R=0.045 for 2287 observed reflections.
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  • 19
    ISSN: 1572-8854
    Keywords: Calixarene ; complex ; crystal structure ; chirality
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract The title compound was obtained by treatment ofp-tert-butylcalix[4]arene with (+) camphorsulfonyl chloride in triethylamine and toluene. A (1∶2) complex with toluene has been found. Its structure has been determined by X-ray crystallography. Crystals are triclinic with space group P1,a=16.426(3),b=18.553(3),c=13.661(2) Å, α=94.78(2), β=110.76(2), γ=72.83(2)°,V=3720(2) Å3,d c =1.127 g/cm3 Z=2. Refinement based on 10495 observed reflections led to a finalR value of 0.100. The two independent molecules of calixarene in the asymmetric unit are in the cone conformation and the calixarene cavities are empty. The guest molecule occupies the interhost space. The norborane skelton of (+) camphorsulfonyl group is the same as ones found in literature. Only van der Waals interactions exist between the host and the guest molecules.
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  • 20
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of cluster science 6 (1995), S. 523-532 
    ISSN: 1572-8862
    Keywords: Molybdenum ; reduction ; seven-electron triangular cluster ; bridging sulfide ; crystal structure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Abstract The triangular six-electron cluster complex [Mo3S4Cl4(PEt3) x (thf)5] produced by the excision reaction of Mo3S7Cl4 with triethypholsphine is reduced by magnesium at − 20°C. Subsequent addition of dppe (=1,2-his(diphenylphosphino)ethane) to the reduced species affords a seven-electron triangular cluster complex [Mo3S4Cl3(dppe)2(PEt3)]. The complex crystallizes in the space groupCm witha=17.170(6),b-19.878(6),c = 13.289(5)β = 121.73(2)°,V = 3858(2) A3, andZ = 2. The structure shows an almost equilateral triangle of three molybdenum atoms capped by a Sulfur atom and bridged by three sulfur atoms. The Mo Mo distances, ranging from 2.804(1) to 2.809(1) A are elongated ca. 0.04 A as compared with lose of a six-electron cluster complex with drape ligands. Two molybdenum atoms have a chlorine and a dppe ligands, and the other molybdenum atom bas a chlorine and a triethylphosphine ligands. The UV-Vis spectrum has a characteristic broad hand centered at 1410 n m, which is not observed for six-electron clusters. The ESR spectrum indicates the presence of an unpaired electron consistent with the formulation of the compound as a seven-electron cluster.
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  • 21
    ISSN: 1349-9432
    Keywords: organic crystal ; racemic form ; second-harmonic generation ; refractive index ; nonlinear optical coefficient ; crystal structure ; oriented-gas model
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract Linear and nonlinear optical properties of racemic (±)2-(α-methylbenzylamino)-5-nitropyridine ((±)MBANP) single crystals have been comprehensively investigated and compared with those of the enantiomorph (–)2-(α-methylbenzylamino)-5-nitropyridine ((–)MBANP) crystals. (±)MBANP crystal exhibits very high chemical and physical stability, but relatively small nonlinear optical coefficients (d31 = 6.8 pm/V, d32 = 4.7 pm/V, d33 = 0.84 pm/V). A comparison between the nonlinear optical coefficients of (±)MBANP and (–)MBANP demonstrates the validity of the oriented-gas model in molecular crystals that neglects all the contributions from intermolecular interaction.
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  • 22
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Rheumatology international 15 (1995), S. 89-93 
    ISSN: 1437-160X
    Keywords: SLE Lupus ; BBV transformation ; Genetics
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Epstein-Barr-virus (EBV)-transformed lymphoblastoid B-cell lines were generated from peripheral blood lymphocytes of 55 patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and 44 healthy relatives. All donors have previously been extensively characterized with regard to clinical, serologic, and genetic parameters. Here, peripheral blood lymphocytes and lines were characterized for cell surface antigens. Furthermore, autoantibody production and proliferation rate of the cell lines were monitored. A significant difference between patients and relatives was the lower proliferation rate of EBV-transformed cell lines of the SLE patients. All SLE cell lines are available for interested researches and can be obtained from the European Cell Bank, Salisbury, UK.
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  • 23
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Keywords: Adrenergic receptors ; Human genetics ; Restriction fragment length polymorphism ; Chromosome mapping ; Linkage ; Genetics
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract We have genetically mapped the genes encoding four human adrenergic receptors (ARs) of subtypes α1C, α2A, α2B, and β1, which are prototypic G protein coupled receptors that mediate the physiological effects of neurotransmitters, hormones, and drugs. We placed these genes onto the Cooperative Human Linkage Center (CHLC) and Genethon framework maps, within confidence intervals with greater than 1000∶1 odds. With multipoint analysis the α1C gene (locus ADRA1C) mapped to the interval between NEFL and D8S283; α2-C4, the gene encoding the α2C AR (locus ADRA2C), mapped to the interval between D4S126 and D4S62; and the α2-C10 (α2A AR)/β1 haplotype (loci ADRA2A/ ADRB1) mapped to the interval between D10S259 and D10S187. A fifth AR gene, β2, yielded significant LOD scores with markers on the long arm of chromosome 5; however, this locus (ADRB2) could not be mapped to any specific interval with odds of greater than 1000∶1. The two AR genes that are completely linked, α2-C10 and β1, were oriented on their shared 225-kb genomic fragment relative to the direction of transcription, with β1 being 5′ to α2-C10. The positioning of these genes on high-density framework maps allows them to be tested as candidates in a spectrum of diseases that might involve AR dysfunction.
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  • 24
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Keywords: Atherosclerosis ; Hypertension ; Type 2 diabetes ; Genetics
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract In the search for new risk factors for diabetic macroangiopathy the insertion/deletion (I/D) polymorphism in the angiotensin-converting enzyme gene was studied in 237 consecutive patients (125 men and 112 women) with non-insulin-dependent diabetes. The female population showed an excess of ischemic electro-cardiographic changes or definite myocardial infarctions in the patients homozygous for the deletion [D/D; odds ratio (OR) 2.8; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.4–5.3] and in the insertion/deletion heterozygotes (I/D; OR 1.8; CI 1.1–3.1) compared with the patients homozygous for the insertion (I/I). In the total series coronary heart disease, cerebrovascular disease, and claudication were more often observed in the patients with I/D (OR 1.5; CI 1.0–2.2) or the D/D genotype patients (OR 1.7; CI 1.1–2.6) than in those with the genotype I/I. The systolic blood pressure was lower in patients with genotype I/I (138±19 mmHg) than in those with the genotype I/D (149±22 mmHg) or D/D (150±21 mmHg; P〈0.02). The prevalence of hypertension and the median urinary albumin excretion rate also tended to be lowest in the I/I genotype patients. Multiple logistic analysis revealed that in women the angiotensin-converting enzyme D/D genotype is independently associated with coronary heart disease. Our findings suggest that variation at the angiotensin-converting enzyme gene locus is one of the factors involved in the predisposition of diabetic patients to the development of arterial disease and hypertension.
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  • 25
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Primitive neuroepithelial tumor ; Desmoplastic small cell tumor ; Brain tumor of infancy Immunocytochemistry ; Genetics
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract We describe a case of a desmoplastic brain tumor which was initially resected from the right fronto-temporal region in a 2 year-old boy. This nodular, calcified tumor was vascularized by the internal carotid artery and the middle meningeal artery branches. Grossly, it contained several mucoid cysts. Light microscopy showed cords or nests of small cuboidal cells surrounded by a loose connective tissue and desmoplasic areas containing fibers and spindle cells. The cuboidal cells expressed epithelial, neuronal and neuroendocrine markers. Some foci of spindle cells showed glial differentiation. The tumor recurred 16 months later and displayed some characteristics of the small cell neuroepithelial component, mitoses being conspicuous. Electron microscopy revealed undifferentiated clear cells, some containing neurosecretory granules. Karyotyping demonstrated the following formula: 〈 15 〉 46, t(8;11) (a13; q11). The chromosome 11 breakpoint was different from that described in Ewing's sarcoma. This isolated translocation has not been previously reported to our knowledge. These unusual features lead us to report this case and to discuss its pathogenesis.
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  • 26
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    Sexual plant reproduction 8 (1995), S. 129-132 
    ISSN: 1432-2145
    Keywords: Sex control ; Disomic segregation ; Dioecy Kiwifruit ; Genetics
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The sex segregation ratio was checked in bi-parental families of Actinidia deliciosa (2n=6x=174) obtained by crossing four females (A12, Mo3, Br4, Hw1) with two males (T2, M1) and one fruiting male (M3h, subandroecious) according to a factorial mating design. The M3h fruiting male was also selfed. The sex ratio was checked in maternal families of A. kolomikta (2n=2x) and A. chinensis (2n=2x) as well as in A. deliciosa. Seedlings of both diploid species took 3–4 years to progress beyond juvenility, whereas a noticeable number of seedlings from biparental crosses of A. deliciosa involving A12 and Hw1 as seed parents were still non-flowering after seven growing seasons. Open-pollinated families of both diploid and hexaploid species as well as most families from biparental crosses showed a sex segregation ratio approaching 1∶1. Subandroecious lines with different degrees of ovary and pistil development appeared in proportions of 0–4.2%, depending on the cross, but only 6 of the 2567 male vines checked were capable of setting fruit. No case of self-fertility or apomixis was detected among 1866 bagged female vines. Selfed M3h progenies gave only female and male phenotypes in a ratio of 1 female to 3 males. No off-type vines were found among these progenies. The same disomic sex segregation ratio seems to be operating at different ploidy levels in the genus Actinidia. Since selfed fruiting males produced both female and male individuals, the male sex appears to be the heterogametic one. Such evidence indicates that a monofactorial system based on one or more linked genes or on an X/Y chromosome set must be controlling sex expression. How a monofactorial sex-determining mechanism could operate in polyploids to give a 1∶1 female: male ratio is discussed. Minor modifying gene(s) seem to be responsible for the feminization of males, and their expression appears enhanced by environmental conditions. Masculinizing gene(s) seem to be lacking in female genotypes.
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  • 27
    ISSN: 1432-2072
    Keywords: Opioid ; Genetics ; Self-administration ; CXBK/ByJ ; Reinforcement
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract It is commonly thought thatμ-receptors play an important role in the reinforcing effects of opioids. In the present study, inbred strains widely divergent in CNS opiate receptor densities were used to investigate the influence of genetic variation in receptor concentration on opioid-reinforced behavior. In particular, the CXBK/ByJ mice were used as an investigative tool because of their significantly lower number of CNSμ opioid receptors. The behavioral pharmacology of opioids in theμ-deficient CXBK/ByJ mice was compared to other commonly used inbred mouse strains, C57BL/6J and BALB/cJ, and the opiate receptor rich CXBH/ByJ mice. Operant opioid reinforced behavior, opioid-induced locomotor stimulation, analgesia and respiratory depression were investigated in all four inbred strains. To assess the acquisition and maintenance of opioid reinforced behavior, oral self-administration of the potent benzimidazole opioid, etonitazene, was determined using an operant fixed-ratio schedule of reinforcement (FR 8). Acquisition of etonitazene-reinforced behavior was established in all four strains including theμ-deficient CXBK/ByJ mice. However, there were significant genetic differences in the amount of drug intake during the maintenance of opioid-reinforced behavior and extinction behavior following vehicle substitution. For example, drug intake was significantly greater in the BK versus BH mice during the maintenance phase and an extinction burst was seen in the BH but not the BK mice following vehicle substitution. Thus,μ-receptor density may not account for individual variability in the acquisition of opioid-reinforced behavior under these conditions. Sensitivity to etonitazene-induced respiratory depression, stimulation of locomotor activity and analgesia were unrelated to drug intake during self-administration sessions across these four inbred strains. These data indicate that inherited differences in CNSμ-opiate receptor concentrations do not affect acquisition of etonitazene-reinforced behavior.
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  • 28
    ISSN: 1432-2072
    Keywords: Cocaine ; Quantitative trait loci ; Seizure ; Recombinant inbred strains ; Genetics
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Among inbred mice, genetic factors mediate differences in sensitivity to the convulsant properties of cocaine; however, the gene(s) underlying cocaine's effects have not been identified. To help elucidate the gene(s) responsible for cocaine seizure susceptibility, we used recombinant inbred-quantitative trait loci (RI-QTL) analyses to identify chromosomal loci associated with cocaine-induced seizures. RI-QTL analyses seek to identify associations between a quantitative measure of a particular phenotype and one or more previously mapped marker genes across a panel of RI strains. This report describes an RI-QTL analysis of cocaine seizure susceptibility among 26 BXD RI strains. These strains showed a skewed, bimodal range of seizure susceptibility which could be the result of one or more modifying genes acting in concert with a major gene to influence cocaine sensitivity. Correlating the percent seizures displayed by each strain following 60 mg/kg cocaine with chromosomal marker data for these strains revealed a number of significant correlations clustered in two regions on chromosomes 12 and 6. This is the first identification of putative chromosomal loci associated with a cocaine-related phenotype and should facilitate identification of the gene(s) underlying cocaine toxicity and other cocaine-related phenotypes.
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  • 29
    ISSN: 1432-1076
    Keywords: Key words Osteogenesis imperfecta ; Collagen I ; Mosaicism ; Genetics ; Recurrence risk
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Osteogenesis imperfecta (OI), a dominantly inherited connective tissue disorder, is usually caused by defects in collagen I. There is growing evidence for parental mosaicism that results in affected children born to unaffected parents. This situation poses a difficult task for the geneticist because a mosaic parent may appear clinically healthy while carrying the mutation in a fraction of her or his gonadal cells. To illustrate this problem, we report a Swiss couple whose first child was affected with severe OI. The unexpected recurrence of the disorder in the second child raised the suspicion of a recessive trait or, rather, of parental mosaicism. We identified the responsible collagen mutation in the COL1A2 gene (Gly688Ser in the α2(I)-chain) in both children and demonstrated the father to be a somatic mosaic for this mutation and to have subtle clinical signs such as soft skin and short stature that may be a result of his mosaic state.
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  • 30
    ISSN: 1432-1076
    Keywords: Floating-Harbor syndrome ; Growth retardation ; Dysmorphology ; Genetics
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Abstract The Floating-Harbor syndrome is a growth retardation syndrome with delayed bone age, speech development, and typical facial features. The face is triangular with deep-set eyes, long eyelashes, bulbous nose, wide columella, short philtrum, and thin lips. We present an additional patient and review 16 cases from the literature. The possible phenotype in the patient's mother suggests a dominant mode of inheritance for the syndrome. Conclusion The Floating Harbor syndrome is a growth deficiency syndrome characterized by proportionate short stature, characteristic face and delayed speech development. Inheritance is possibly autosomal dominant.
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  • 31
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    European journal of pediatrics 154 (1995), S. 654-657 
    ISSN: 1432-1076
    Keywords: Fetal development ; Brain diseases ; Genetics
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract We report two female siblings with the fetal brain disruption sequence. Extensive investigation of both children failed to define a definitive aetiology but clinical and laboratory findings are consistent with a hitherto unknown storage disease. We postulate that the accumulation of a neurotoxic metabolite may be responsible for the disease phenotype observed. This is the first report of recurrence of the fetal brain disruption sequence and supports the existence of a genetic form of this condition. Previous reports have emphasized possible environmental aetiologies. Infants with fetal brain disruption sequence should be investigated exhaustively and, in the absence of definitive evidence of an environmental cause, the possibility of a genetic aetiology should be considered. In some families the recurrence risk may be as high as one in four.
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  • 32
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    European journal of pediatrics 154 (1995), S. 654-657 
    ISSN: 1432-1076
    Keywords: Key words Fetal development ; Brain diseases ; Genetics
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract We report two female siblings with the fetal brain disruption sequence. Extensive investigation of both children failed to define a definitive aetiology but clinical and laboratory findings are consistent with a hitherto unknown storage disease. We postulate that the accumulation of a neurotoxic metabolite may be responsible for the disease phenotype observed. This is the first report of recurrence of the fetal brain disruption sequence and supports the existence of a genetic form of this condition. Previous reports have emphasized possible environmental aetiologies. Infants with fetal brain disruption sequence should be investigated exhaustively and, in the absence of definitive evidence of an environmental cause, the possibility of a genetic aetiology should be considered. In some families the recurrence risk may be as high as one in four.
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  • 33
    ISSN: 1432-1076
    Keywords: Key words Floating-Harbor ; syndrome ; Growth retardation ; Dysmorphology ; Genetics
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The Floating-Harbor syndrome is a growth retardation syndrome with delayed bone age, speech development, and typical facial features. The face is triangular with deep-set eyes, long eyelashes, bulbous nose, wide columella, short philtrum, and thin lips. We present an additional patient and review 16 cases from the literature. The possible phenotype in the patient's mother suggests a dominant mode of inheritance for the syndrome. Conclusion The Floating Harbor syndrome is a growth deficiency syndrome characterized by proportionate short stature, characteristic face and delayed speech development. Inheritance is possibly autosomal dominant.
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  • 34
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    Journal of neurology 242 (1995), S. 508-511 
    ISSN: 1432-1459
    Keywords: Dystonia ; Torticollis ; Blepharospasm ; Genetics
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The inheritance of focal dystonias was investigated in 43 families containing 43 index cases with torticollis (n = 21), blepharospasm (n = 18) and writer's cramp (n = 4). They generated a potential population of 235 first-degree relatives, and 168 out of 179 living first-degree relatives were examined. Ten relatives with dystonia were identified in ten families. Another two parents from two of the same group of ten families were affected according to the family history. The majority of the secondary cases (six patients, five siblings, and one child) were not aware of any dystonia. The tendency for affected relatives to have the same type of dystonia as index patients was observed only for torticollis. Overall, 23% of index patients had relatives with dystonia. Segregation analysis suggested the presence of an autosomal dominant gene or genes with reduced penetrante underlying focal dystonia.
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  • 35
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    Der Hautarzt 46 (1995), S. 394-399 
    ISSN: 1432-1173
    Keywords: Schlüsselwörter Malignes Melanom ; Genetische Instabilität ; Genetik ; Syndrom der dysplastischen Nävi ; Xeroderma pigmentosum ; Key words Malignant melanoma ; Genetic instability ; Genetics ; Dysplastic nevus syndrome ; Xeroderma pigmentosum
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary Exposure of the skin to ultraviolet irradiation is an important risk factor for the development of malignant melanoma, with UVA possibly playing an important role. Hereditary factors are also relevant. In the dysplastic nevus syndrome a genetic instability has been shown by different methods. In xeroderma pigmentosum the DNA repair defect is thought to be responsible for the high incidence of malignant melanoma. Frequent and non-random changes in certain chromosomes have been demonstrated in melanoma cells. These might contain sequences that control melanoma growth or melanoma suppressor genes. Especially the short arm of chromosome 9 is thought to contain one of these genes. This hypothesis is supported by a genetic linkage analysis in melanoma families and the demonstration of a germ line deletion of the locus 9p21 in a patient with eight primary melanomas. Changes in known tumor suppressor genes and oncogenes have also been reported in melanoma, but no consistent sequence of genetic events is known.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Die Exposition der Haut mit ultravioletten Strahlen ist ein wichtiger Risikofaktor für die Entwicklung eines malignen Melanoms. Möglicherweise spielt hierbei UVA-A eine besondere Rolle. Daneben sind hereditäre Faktoren von Bedeutung. Während beim Syndrom der dysplastischen Nävi eine genetische Instabilität mit verschiedenen Methoden nachgewiesen wurde, wird bei Xeroderma pigmentosum der DNA-Reparaturdefekt für die hohe Melanominzidenz verantwortlich gemacht. In Melanomzellen sind überzufällig häufig karyotypische Veränderungen in bestimmten Chromosomen gefunden worden. Diese enthalten möglicherweise Melanomwachstumsregulierende Sequenzen oder Melanom-Suppressorgene. Insbesondere der kurze Arm des Chromosoms 9 steht in Verdacht, eines dieser Gene zu enthalten. Diese Hypothese wird auch unterstützt durch eine genetische Kopplungsanalyse an Melanomfamilien und dem Nachweis einer Keimbahndeletion des Lokus 9p21 bei einer Patientin mit 8 primären Melanomen. Veränderungen an bereits bekannten Tumorsuppressorgenen oder Onkogenen sind ebenfalls in Melanomen beschrieben worden, ohne daß jedoch eine konsistente Reihenfolge von genetischen Ereignissen bekannt wäre.
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  • 36
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    Child's nervous system 11 (1995), S. 453-455 
    ISSN: 1433-0350
    Keywords: Myotonic ; Dystrophy ; Muscle disease ; Genetics ; Case report
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract A large Sicilian kinship in which myotonic dystrophy (DM) affected spanning four generations is presented. The pedigree clearly illustrates the phenomenon of anticipation, and illustrates that this phenomenon is more marked when transmission occurs through an affected female rather than an affected male. The pedigree is interpreted in light of recent genetic advances in DM. Neurosurgeons and neurologists should consider a diagnosis of DM when asked to evaluate a floppy infant with enlarged lateral ventricles, and should be aware of special features regarding its inheritance pattern.
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  • 37
    ISSN: 1572-9001
    Keywords: MM3 ; PM3 ; MMX ; crystal structure ; norbonadienone ; distorted compound
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract The reaction of 4,5-didehydroacenaphthene with phencyclone yields the title compound, a stable dibenzo-fused norbornadienone (8). The X-ray structure of8 is presented and compared with the structure predicted from a MM3, PM3, and a MMX calculation. Thermal decomposition of 8 produces, 7,16-diphenylcyclopenta[d,e]tribenzo[a,h,j]anthracene (9), a hydrocarbon that is computed to have a significantly twisted polycyclic aromatic skeleton with 19 kcal/mole of strain energy.
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  • 38
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    Structural chemistry 6 (1995), S. 57-63 
    ISSN: 1572-9001
    Keywords: Hydrogen bonding ; carcinogen ; polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon derivative ; dihydrodiol ; crystal structure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract The crystal structure of the weak carcinogen 5-methylchrysene-7,8-dihydro-7,8-trans-(e,e)-diol is reported. This molecule contains a distorted bay region as a result of the presence of the 5-methyl group as found in 5-methylchrysene and 5,6- and 5, 12-dimethylchrysene. One torsion angle in this bay region is 20
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  • 39
    ISSN: 1432-5233
    Keywords: Maturity-onset diabetes of the young (MODY) ; Genetics ; Diabetes mellitus
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Genetic linkage studies of families with earlyonset type 2 diabetes have facilitated the identification of diabetes-susceptibility genes. In order to assess the feasibility of using linkage approaches to identify genes responsible for the development of type 2 diabetes in Japanese subjects, we examined our clinical records for multigenerational families suitable for genetic studies. We identified 16 families in which at least one subject was diagnosed with type 2 diabetes before 25 years of age. Seven of these families had a pattern of inheritance consistent with a diagnosis of maturity-onset diabetes of the young (MODY) and nine families showed a complex pattern of inheritance of type 2 diabetes with transmission of diabetes-susceptibility genes from both parents. The glucokinase and mitochondrial tRNALeu(UUR) genes were screened for mutations in at least one affected subject from each family in order to assess the contribution of mutations in these genes to the development of the diabetes. No mutations were found, which suggests that the diabetes in these families resulted from mutations in other genes.
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  • 40
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    Theoretical and applied genetics 91 (1995), S. 639-646 
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Gene introgression ; Genetics ; Linkage ; Taxonomy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The wild tetraploid (2n=28) oat species Avena magna and A. murphyi have been domesticated by having been transferred from the common oat, A sativa (2n=42), the characteristics of non-shedding spikelets glabrous and yellow lemma, and reduced awn formation. Domestication has been achieved by crossing the common oat with either of the tetraploid species and then backcrossing the pentaploid hybrids with pollen of the tetraploid wild parent. Among the BC plants obtained only a few produced some seeds. Fertile tetraploids exhibiting the domesticated syndrome have been selected for in the F2 generation. Although morphologically they were almost indistinguishable from the common oat, they were tetraploids. Wild x domesticated A. magna hybrids were vigorous and fertile. They retained their spikelets at maturity, lemma color and pubescence were intermediate between the parental lines, and awns were formed only on the lower floret of the spikelet. Each of these characteristics segregated in a 3∶1 fashion, indicating single gene control, as in the common oat. These four characteristics formed a linkage group in one F2 family and two linkage groups in the other two families. The usefulness of the domesticated tetraploids for oat research and production has been discussed. Taxonomically, the domesticated tetraploids were ranked as subspecies: A. magna ssp. domestica, and A. murphyi ssp. rigida.
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  • 41
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    Theoretical and applied genetics 90 (1995), S. 707-713 
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Mineral stress ; Nutrient efficiency ; Aluminium tolerance ; Inheritance ; Genetics ; Breeding
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The Brazilian tropical adapted soybeans contains, in addition to superior morphological characters, genetic factors for tolerance to cultivation in acidic, mineral-stressed soils. However, the selection process for these hindrances has been empirical, and information on the genetics of mineral element uptake by the plant is necessary. The objective of this investigation was to identify the mode of inheritance for the absorption of phosphorus, potassium, calcium, magnesium, iron, aluminium, manganese, zinc and copper in a 9 × 9 diallel cross. General combining ability (GCA) was higher than specific combining ability (SCA), with the exception of copper, manganese and zinc, indicating predominantly additive effects. The ratios of GCA/SCA varied between 3.4 (calcium) and 8.5 (magnesium). The regression of covariance (Wr) on variance (Vr) showed that the additive-dominance model explained the genetic differences in this germ plasm. However, the detection of overdominance could be related to possible heterozygosity in the parental varieties for mineral absorption. Broad-sense heritability values were higher than narrow sense heritability values for aluminium, iron, potassium, calcium and magnesium, being in the range of 67.9–86.9% and 42.0–56.6%, respectively. This is an indication that soybeans can be further improved to efficient utilisation of nutrients and to tolerate toxic factors in the soil.
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  • 42
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    Theoretical and applied genetics 90 (1995), S. 146-149 
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Capsicum chinense ; Resistance gene ; Genetics ; Pepper ; Tomato spotted wilt virus ; Tospoviruses
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Pepper (Capsicum chinense Jacq.) has been reported to be an important reservoir of resistance genes to tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV). The genes for TSWV resistance present in three C. chinense lines (‘PI 152225’, ‘PI 159236’ and ‘Panca’) were investigated for allelism. All resistant lines were crossed with each other. Parents, F1, backcrosses and F2 populations (including reciprocals) developed from those crosses were mechanically inoculated with a highly virulent TSWV isolate. Susceptible C. annuum cv ‘Magda’ was used to check inoculum virulence. Fifty plants of the F1 hybrids; ‘Magda’ x ‘PI 152225’, ‘Magda’ x ‘PI 159236’, and ‘Magda’ x 'Panca, were also inoculated with the TSWV isolate. The resistance response in all C. chinense sources was associated with a localized, hypersensitive-like reaction that was phenotypically expressed as a prompt formation of large local lesions accompanied by premature leaf abscission. All F1 generations presented a final score of resistant; indicating that the expression of resistance to TSWV is conditioned by a dominant gene regardless of the source. The absence of segregation for resistance to TSWV that was observed in all generations of the crosses between C. chinense lines indicated that either a tightly linked group of genes exists or that the resistance is governed by the same single major gene (probably the already described Tsw gene). Previous reports have indicated that the Tsw gene is not effective against tospovirus members of serogroup II, i.e. tomato chlorotic spot virus (TCSV) and groundnut ring spot virus (GRSV). In the assay described here, all of the C. chinense lines showed, after mechanical inoculation, an identical susceptibility response to the TCSV and GRSV isolates.
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  • 43
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    Theoretical and applied genetics 90 (1995), S. 380-388 
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Genetics ; Breeding ; Sorghum bicolor Zea mays
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The objective of this study was to use restriction fragment length polymorphisms (RFLPs) to determine the genetic location and effects of genomic regions controlling plant height in sorghum. F2 plants (152) from the cross CK60 x PI229828 were used. Genomic and cDNA clones (106) identified 111 loci distributed among ten linkage groups covering 1299 cM. Interval mapping identified four regions, each in a separate linkage group. These regions may correspond to loci (dw) previously identified by alleles with qualitative effects. Also, these regions identified in sorghum may be orthologous to those previously reported for plant height in maize. Gene effects and gene action varied among genomic regions. In each region, PI229828 alleles resulted in increased plant height. Each region accounted for 9.2–28.7% of the phenotypic variation. Positive, additive effects ranged from 15 to 32cm. Tallness was dominant or overdominant and conferred by alleles from PI229828 for three quantitative trait loci (QTL). At the fourth QTL, PI229828 contributed to increased plant height, but short stature was partially dominant. One digenic interaction was significant. The presence of a PI229828 allele at one region diminished the effects of the other region. A multiple model indicated that these four regions collectively accounted for 63.4% of the total phenotypic variation. The utility of this information for germplasm conversion through backcross breeding is discussed.
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  • 44
    ISSN: 1573-9171
    Keywords: resorcinol-based crown ethers ; crystal structure ; intramolecular nonbonded C-H...O contacts
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract 13- and 26-Membered crown ethers have been synthesized based on resorcinol and 1,8-dichloro-3,6-dioxaoctane. The products with substituents in the benzene ring have been prepared by alkylation of 13-membered crown ether. Complexing properties of the macrocycles have been studied with the use of ion-selective membrane electrodes. The structures of 13- and 26-membered crown ethers have been established by X-ray structural analysis.
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  • 45
    ISSN: 1573-9171
    Keywords: dihydroisoquinoline derivatives ; crystal structure ; electronic, IR, and1H NMR spectra ; quantum-chemical calculation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract 3,3-Dimethyl-3,4-dihydroisocarbostyryl azine (2) has been synthesized by oxidation of l-hydrazino-3,3-dimethyl-3,4-dihydroisoquinoline (1). The crystal and molecular structures of compound 2 were determined. It has been established that in the solid state, compound2 exists as an azine tautomer. The IR, electronic, and NMR spectral data indicate that in solution the tautomeric form of2 does not change. A possible mechanism of the oxidation of1 to2 is suggested.
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  • 46
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    Pharmaceutical research 12 (1995), S. 337-341 
    ISSN: 1573-904X
    Keywords: 2-debenzoyl, 2-acetoxy paclitaxel ; docetaxel ; paclitaxel side-chain ; crystal structure ; solid state conformation ; intramolecular hydrogen bonding ; intermolecular hydrogen bonding
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Crystals of the C2-acetate analog of paclitaxel, grown from a mixture of isopropyl alcohol and methanol, belong to the space group P2l with a = 9.058(3), b = 18.306(5), c = 15.043(1) Å, β = 97.09(1)°, Z = 2, V = 2475.1(9)Å3, D calc = 1.269 gcm−3 and µ = 0.75 cm−1. The structure was determined by direct methods and refined to R(F) = 0.054 and wR(F) = 0.057 for 605 variables and 3496 observed reflections. The paclitaxel side chain possesses a conformation similar to that observed in the crystal structure of docetaxel (Taxotere®). A three dimensional network of hydrogen bonds is formed through solvent molecules and stabilizes the crystal lattice.
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  • 47
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    Journal of industrial microbiology and biotechnology 14 (1995), S. 355-364 
    ISSN: 1476-5535
    Keywords: Transformation ; Fungi ; Yeast ; Genetics ; Biotechnology
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Summary The genetic investigation of fungi has been extended substantially by DNA-mediated transformation, providing a supplement to more conventional genetic approaches based upon sexual and parasexual processes. Initial transformation studies with the yeastSaccharomyces cerevisiae provided the model for transformation systems in other fungi with regard to methodology, vector construction and selection strategies. There are, however, certain differences betweenS. cerevisiae and filamentous fungi with regard to type of genomic insertion and the availability of shuttle vectors. Single-site linked insertions are common in yeast due to the high level of homology required for recombination between vectored and genomic sequences, whereas mycelial fungi often show a high frequency of heterologous and unlinked insertions, often in the form of random and multiple-site integrations. While extrachromosomally-maintained or replicative vectors are readily available for use with yeasts, such vectors have been difficult to construct for use with filamentous fungi. The development of vectors for replicative transformation with these fungi awaits further study. It is proposed that replicative vectors may be inherently less efficient for use with mycelial fungi relative to yeasts, since the mycelium, as an extended and semicontinuous network of cells, may delimit an adequate diffusion of the vector carrying the selectable gene, thus leading to a high frequency of abortive or unstable transformants.
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  • 48
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    Journal of inclusion phenomena and macrocyclic chemistry 22 (1995), S. 33-40 
    ISSN: 1573-1111
    Keywords: Calixarene-dye ; crystal structure ; inclusion compound
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract The structure of thep-tetrakis-(4-nitrophenylazo)calix[4]arene-4-picoline (1∶4) complex has been determined by X-ray crystallography. Crystals are monoclinic, space groupC2/c,a=24.9097) Å,b=8.425(6) Å,c=33.81(1) Å, β=101.13(2)°,D c =1.330 g/cm3,Z=4, finalR value =0.067. The cone conformation adopted by this azocalixarene is disturbed by the positions of the picoline molecules. Two of them are inside the macorocycle cavity and the two others are outside.
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  • 49
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    Journal of inclusion phenomena and macrocyclic chemistry 22 (1995), S. 119-130 
    ISSN: 1573-1111
    Keywords: Calixarene ; complexation ; crystal structure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract A new method is described for the synthesis of isolatedp-tert-butyldihomooxacalix[4]arene (CALO) with a 24% yield. The ability of CALO to form complexes in the solid state with small neutral molecules has been studied; the potential guests were common solvents bearing various chemical functions. The powder obtained after evaporation of the solvent has been characterized by the X-ray powder diffraction technique. Analysis of the patterns shows the non-complexation of linear alkanes and alcohols, but formation of complexes when the guest is cyclic or when it bears an amine or a ketone function. As illustration of the possible arrangement of molecules in complexes, the structure of the 1:2 complex with tetrahydrofuran (THF) is presented: the crystals are monoclinic, space groupP21/c,a=9.459(2) Å,b=17.286(2) Å,c=30.469(6) Å, β=92.52(2)o,V=4977(2) Å3,Z=4,D c=1.099 Mg m−3, λ=1.54178 Å, μ=5.6 cm−1,R=0.086 for 3590 reflections withF〉4σ (F); one of the THF molecules is inside the cavity of the macrocycle, while the other, in the interhost space, exhibits disorder. In the CALO molecule, three out of the fourtert-butyl groups are disordered which may induce the disorder of the THF molecule.
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  • 50
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    Journal of inclusion phenomena and macrocyclic chemistry 22 (1995), S. 187-201 
    ISSN: 1573-1111
    Keywords: Inclusion compounds ; gossypol ; crystal structure ; hydrogen bonds
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract The crystal structure of the inclusion compound of gossypol withn-valeric acid as a guest molecule has been determined by X-ray structure analysis. The crystals of C30H30O8·(C5H10O2)2, are triclinic, space group $$P\bar 1$$ ,a=6.912(2),b=14.506(3),c=19.387(4) Å, α=78.85(2)°, β=83.92(3)°, γ=86.78(3)°V=1895(1) Å3,Z=2,D x=1.267 g cm−3, μ (CuK α)=0.768 mm−1,T=292 K. The structure has been solved by direct methods on intensity data collected for a twinned crystal and refined to the finalR value of 0.062 for 1606 observed reflections and 470 refined parameters. Gossypol-n-valeric acid (1/2) coordinato-clathrate is not isostructural with any of the previously investigated gossypol inclusion compounds but shows some structural similarities to gossypol-acetic acid (1/1). The host and one of the carboxylic acid molecules are connected via hydrogen bonds into molecular assemblies of a column type which are further bonded to centrosymmetric dimers of the secondn-valeric acid molecule. In effect, host and guest molecules are assembled into layer-type H-bonded aggregates. Structural features common to gossypol-n-valeric acid (1/2) and other earlier reported gossypol inclusion compounds are discussed.
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  • 51
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    Journal of superconductivity 8 (1995), S. 595-598 
    ISSN: 1572-9605
    Keywords: (Ba/K)BiO3 ; lattice dynamics ; electron phonon coupling ; crystal structure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology , Physics
    Notes: Abstract The Lattice dynamics of Ba.6K.4BiO3 was investigated by inelastic neutron scattering on a superconducting single crystal (T c =26 K (midpoint)). At low frequencies the dispersion curves are very similar to those observed in BaPb.75Bi.25O3. Differences were found in the bond bending vibrations of the BiO6 octahedra which indicate that the binding in the K-doped compound is more ionic. Rather anomalous features were observed in the high frequency Bi-O bond stretching vibrations which resemble those observed in the high T c cuprates La1.85Sr.15CuO4 and YBa2Cu3O7. The observed frequency shifts are interpreted as the consequence from a strong electron phonon coupling. The data are compared to the results obtained on non superconducting Ba.98K.02BiO3.
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  • 52
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    Environmental biology of fishes 43 (1995), S. 1-27 
    ISSN: 1573-5133
    Keywords: Conservation ; Extinction ; Rarity ; Biodiversity ; Breeding guilds ; Endemism ; Speciation ; Habitat degradation ; Environmental management ; Invasive fishes ; Genetics ; Ecology ; Stenotopy ; Captive propagation ; Legislation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Synopsis The conservation status and factors threatening fishes worldwide are reviewed in order to introduce a series of one-page articles on ‘Threatened fishes of the world’, and to encourage the incorporation of information on threatened fishes into international conservation programmes. Information on fish extinction and threat rates are compared with those of other animal groups, and the unique characteristics of fish conservation problems are highlighted. At present 979 species of fishes are listed as threatened in the IUCN Red List and at least 36 species and three subspecies are listed as recently extinct. It is argued that these figures are probably gross underestimates and that they may mislead conservation authorities and resource users about the seriousness of the situation. Freshwater fishes may be the most threatened group of vertebrates after the Amphibia. Urgent action is required to save many narrowly endemic, stenotopic species from extinction, especially in Africa, Asia and South America. The conservation of common species that drive essential ecological processes is also important. Anthropogenic pressures, especially habitat degradation, the introduction of invasive species and pollution, on inland and coastal waters are particularly severe and many major fish communities are threatened with elimination throughout the world. The conservation of marine fishes is complicated by the fact that it is difficult to ascertain their rarity. The importance of the retention of genetic variation is highlighted, and both orthodox and innovative conservation measures are encouraged. Further research on minimum viable populations, genetics, and the factors that cause fishes to become vulnerable to extinction, is urgently required.
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  • 53
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    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 128 (1995) 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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  • 54
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    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 128 (1995), S. 29-34 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Tripodal ligands ; Triamidostannates ; Metal-metal bonds ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: By in situ lithiation of the trifunctional amines H3CC(CH2NHSiMe3)3, PhC(CH2NHSiMe3)3, and HC{SiMe2NH(p-Tolyl)}3 and subsequent reaction with SnCl2 the corresponding triamidostannates were obtained. These were coupled with CpM(CO)2Cl (M = Fe, Ru) to yield the M - Sn-bonded heterobimetallics 9-14 of which H3CC(CH2NSiMe3)3SnFe(CO)2Cp (9) was characterized by a single-crystal X-ray structure analysis. Of the in situ-generated amidostannates only [HC{SiMe2N(p-Tolyl)}3Sn][Li(THF)3] (8) could be isolated as a uniform product and characterized analytically and spectroscopically.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
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  • 55
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Selenium-nitrogen compounds ; Sulfur-nitrogen compounds ; Calculations, ab initio ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The structures of cationic species of the series [X2Y—N—YX2]+ (X = F, Cl; Y = S, Se) have been computed ab initio using all electron treatments for first-row elements and sulfur and quasi-relativistic pseudopotentials for Se and Cl. Splitvalence basis sets with polarization and diffuse functions were employed. The MP2 results for the (non-isostructural!) cations [Cl2Se—N—SeCl2]+ (1: Cs) and [F2S—N—SF2]+ (2: C2v) are in excellent agreement with the experimental (X-ray) observations. Both structures represent local minima. A deeper minimum for either of the cations is represented by another C2v isomer which for crystal lattice energy reasons is stable in the isolated state only. The geometries of the hitherto unknown species [Cl2S—N—SCl2]+ (3) and [F2Se—N—SeF2]+ (4) have been assessed by ab initio HF calculations. In analogy to 2, cations 3 and 4 are predicted to prefer C2v symmetry. Therefore, 1 exhibits unusual structural features. According to strictly localized natural bond orbital analysis (NBO), the central nitrogen atoms in 1 and 2 possess two lone pairs of electrons (LP: one sp hybrid and one p orbital). The relatively short Se—N and S—N bond distances in 1 (1.741-1.760 Å) and 2 (1.551 Å) can best be attributed to LP(N)→s̰*(Y—X) negative hyperconjugation (1: Y = Se, X = Cl; 2: Y = S, X = F).
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
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  • 56
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Ruthenium(II) complexes, octahedral ; Phosphino esters as mono- and bidentate ligands ; Fluxional behaviour ; Carbene complexes ; Vinylidene complexes ; Allenylidene complexes ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Vinylidene Transition-Metal Complexes, XXXV[1].  -  The Supporting Role of Phosphino Ester Ligands for the Synthesis of Neutral Carbene, Vinylidene and Allenylidene Ruthenium(II) ComplexesThe reaction of [RuCl2(PPh3)3] (1) with the phosphino esters iPr2P(CH2)nCO2R (2-4) leads to complete (n = 1; R = CH3, C2H5) or partial (n = 2; R =CH3) displacement of the PPh3 ligands and formation of the octahedral ruthenium(II) complexes [RuCl2{k2(P,O)-iPr2PCH2CO2R}2] (5, 6) and [RuCl2(PPh3){k(P)-iPr2PCH2CH2CO2Me}{k2(P,O)-iPr2PCH2CH2CO2Me}] (7). Treatment of 5 with LiBr and LiI affords the dibromo- and diiodoruthenium derivatives 8 and 9. While compound 5 reacts with CO and SO2 by cleavage of one Ru - O bond to yield the 1:1 adducts [RuCl2(L){k(P)-iPr2PCH2CO2Me}{k2(P,O)-iPr2PCH2CO2Me}] (10, 11), the reaction of the dibromo derivative 8 with CO in solution gives the dicarbonyl complex [RuBr2(CO)2{k(P)-iPr2PCH2CO2Me}2](13). If CO is passed over 8 in the solid state, the corresponding monocarbonyl compound 14 is formed. The hydridoruthenium(II) complex 16, which is obtained from equimolar amounts of [RuHCl(CO)(PiPr3)2] (15) and 2, reacts with HC≡CMe by insertion to give the vinyl derivative [RuCl{E - CH=CHMe}(CO)(PiPr3){k2(P,O)-iPr2CH2CO2Me}] (17). Treatment of 5 with HC̊' (R' = H, Me, tBu, Ph) and of 6, 8, 9 with HC≡CPh affords upon photochemical activation the octahedral vinylidene complexes [RuX2-(=C=CHR){k(P)-iPr2PCH2CO2R}{k2(P,O)-iPr2PCH2CO2R}] (18-21 and 23-25) in good to excellent yield. At room temperature, these compounds (with the exception of 25) are highly fluxional in solution. From 31P-NMR measurements, the free energies of activation ΔG
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  • 57
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    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 128 (1995), S. 81-85 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Aluminium-aluminium bond ; Insertion of trimethylsilyl azide ; Trimeric dialkylaluminium azide ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Reactions of R2Al—AlR2 (R = CH(SiMe3)2) with Trimethylsilyl Azide  -  Insertion into the Al—Al Bond and Formation of a Trimeric Dialkylaluminium AzideTetrakis[bis(trimethylsilyl)methyl]dialuminium(4) (1) reacts with trimethylsilyl azide under insertion of one nitrogen atom into the Al—Al bond. As shown by NMR spectra and crystal structure the product contains three and four coordinated Al atoms due to the coordination of the α-nitrogen atom of the azide group to one of the Al atoms. An electronically delocalized N3-system is formed with a N—N bond length of 132.0 pm and a bond order of 1.5 for both N—N bonds. With an excess of trimethylsilyl azide further reaction is observed only under mild irradiation conditions with an exchange of the azide group between Si and Al and formation of Me6Si2 and the dialkylaluminium azide 3, which is better synthesized by the reaction of Me3Si—N3 with Cl—Al[CH(SiMe3)2]2. The sterically highly shielded aluminium azide 3 is a trimer in the solid state showing a non-planar 12-membered Al3N9 heterocycle with short N—N bonds (114 pm).
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  • 58
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Poly(azolyl)borates, metal complexes of ; Bis(tetrazolyl)borate, metal complexes of ; Metal-nitrogen coordination ; Coordination polymers ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Dihydrobis(tetrazolyl)borate metal compounds of the composition [M(L)2{μ-H2B(CHN4)2}2]n for M = Mn, Fe, Co, Zn, Cd with L = H2O and for M = Cu with L = NH3 are obtained from metal salts and K[H2B(CHN4)2]. Single-crystal X-ray studies reveal the formation of two-dimensional rhombic grid sheets through the bridging action of the bis(tetrazolyl)borate ligands. Each metal atom is octahedrally coordinated with two trans L ligands and four H2B(CHN4)-2 nitrogen donors. Two additional, hydrogen-bonded water molecules occupy the rhombic openings in the compounds with M = Mn, Fe, Co, Zn, and Cd. The water of crystallization is held in place through hydrogen bonding from the water ligands and to the nitrogen atoms to give a substructure of parallel kinked water chains. Temperature-variable magnetic measurements show a Curie-Weiss behavior for the paramagnetic complexes with M = Mn, Fe, Co, and Cu.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
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  • 59
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    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 128 (1995), S. 365-371 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Cumulenes ; Butadienes ; Vinylcyclopropane ; Vinylidenecyclopropane ; Bicyclopropyl, phosphanyl-substituted ; Cyclopropanation ; Phosphane ligands ; Phosphane chalcogenides ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Hydrophosphorylation of 1,4-bis(diphenylphosphanyl)butadiyne with diphenylphosphane leads to the butadiene (Ph2P)2C=CH—CH=C(PPh2)2 (1). Treatment of 1 with dimethylsulfonium methylide gives the vinylcyclopropane (Ph2P)2C=CH—CH(CH2)C(PPh2)2 (2). Compound 2 reacts with aqueous hydrogen peroxide, elemental sulfur, or selenium to afford the tetrachalcogenides (Ph2XP)2C=CH—CH(CH2)C(PXPh2)2 with X = O (3), X = S (4), X = Se (5), respectively. While the tetraphosphane 1 and the vinyl-cyclopropane compound 2 cannot be converted into a bis-(cyclopropyl) compound with an excess of Me2S=CH2, the tetrasulfide 4 readily affords a mixture of (1R,1′R)-/(1S,1′S)-and meso-2,2,2′,2′-tetrakis(diphenylthiophosphinyl)-1,1′-bicyclopropyl (6, 7) in good yield. Treatment of 1,1,4,4-tetrakis-(diphenylphosphanyl)butatriene with dimethylsulfonium methylide leads to the vinylidenecyclopropane (Ph2P)2C=C=C(CH2)C(PPh2)2 (8). Compound 8 is converted into its tetrasulfide (Ph2SP)2C=C=C(CH2)C(PSPh2)2 (9) by treatment with elemental sulfur. The crystal structures of 1, 2, 4, 7, and 8 have been determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction.
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  • 60
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    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 128 (1995), S. 413-416 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Ferriophosphanes ; Ferriophosphoranes ; Thioxophosphane ligand ; Decarbonylation reaction ; Sulfurization ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Mono- and Diferriophosphanes and -thioxophosphoranesHerrn Professor Dr. Ekkehard Lindner zum 60. Geburtstag gewidmet.The substitution of organic substituents in phosphanes or thioxophosphoranes by the 17-electron fragments CpFe-(CO)2 (—Fp) leads to isolobal ferriophosphanes or -thioxophosphoranes. The mono- and diferriophosphanes FpnPPh3-n [n = 1 (3), 2 (4)] are obtained by deprotonation of the mono- and diferriophosphonium salts [FpnPPh3-nH]X [n = 1 (1), 2 (2)] with DBU. They are oxidized by sulfur giving the mono- and diferriothioxophosphoranes FpnPPh3-n(S) [n = 1 (5), 2 (6)]. Sulfide 5 arises also from the reaction of CpFe(CO)2Cl and Ph2PH(S)/DBU. The one-sided decarbonylation reaction of 6 leads to FpFp′PPh(S) (7, Fp′ = CpFeCO). The Fp substituents (17 electrons) in 3-7 coordinate as one-electron donors to the PhnP- or PhnP(S) units (n = 1, 2). The bridging functions in 4 and 6 are hitherto unknown. The molecular structures of the complexes 5-7 were determined by X-ray structure analyses.
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  • 61
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    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 128 (1995), S. 435-436 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Trifluoromethylthio group ; Carbenium ions ; Diphenylmethane ; Dyes ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Tris(trifluoromethylthio)carbenium hexafluoroarsenate (1) reacts with N,N-dimethylaniline and anisole to form the corresponding diphenylmethanes 2, 3 with the SCF3 group at the methine carbon atom. During the reaction of 1 with benzene, compounds such as C6H5C(SCF3)3 and C6H5SCF3 are formed along with benzophenone, a product of hydrolysis of the diphenylmethane compound.
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  • 62
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    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 128 (1995), S. 441-442 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Diphosphane disulfides ; Metallophosphoranes ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The first transition metal derivative meso-[(η5-C5Me5)(CO)2FeP(H)(S)]2 (2) of the unknown diphosphane disulfide [PH2(S)]2 results from treatment of (η5-C5Me5)(CO)2FePH2 (1) with 1.5 equivalents of elemental sulfur. Compound 2 was characterized by means of spectroscopy (IR, 31P, 31P{1H}, 13C{1H}, 1H NMR) as well as X-ray diffraction analysis.
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  • 63
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Strontium bis(tetrahydridoborate)-2 tetrahydrofuran, chain polymer of ; Strontium bis(tetrahydridoborate)-bis(diglyme) ; Barium bis(tetrahydridoborate)-bis(diglyme) ; Strontium bis(tetrahydridoborate)-1,4,7,13,16-hexaoxacyclooctadecane ; Metal-hydrogen-boron bridges ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The strontium and barium tetrahydridoborate complexes M(BH4)2 · 2 diglyme and M(BH4)2 · 18-crown-6 (M = Sr, Ba) have been prepared from the solvates M(BH4)2 · 2 THF by ligand displacement. 11B-NMR and IR data reveal strongly polar bonding of the BH4 groups to the metal centers, and X-ray structural analyses of the diglyme and crown ether compounds show molecular units in which the BH4 group is in contact via three H atoms with the metal center. In contrast, M(BH4)2 · 2 THF compounds are chain polymers in the solid state, and each metal center is surrounded by 2 THF molecules in trans position and four BH4- groups each of which forms bridges with two metal centers. Estimations of the effective radius for the BH4 group indicate a high polarity for the M-BH4 interaction.
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  • 64
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Manganese ; Cycloheptadienyl ; Alkyne ; [5+2],homo[5+2] Cycloadditions ; Tricyclo[5.3.1.04,10]undeca-2,5-dien-11-yl ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Photochemical Reactions of Transition Metal Organyl Complexes with Olefins, 1312. Mitteilung: Lit. . - Photochemically Induced [5+2], homo[5+2] Cycloaddition of 3-Hexyne to Tricarbonyl(η 5-2,4-cycloheptadien-1-yl)manganeseTricarbonyl(η5-2,4-cycloheptadien-1-yl)manganese (1) reacts upon UV irradiation in hexane at 243 K with two equivalents of 3-hexyne (2) in successive [5+2],homo[5+2] cycloadditions to give tricarbonyl(η2:2:1-1,2,3,11-tetraethyltricyclo-[5.3.1.04,10]undeca-2,5-dien-11-yl)manganese (3). Its crystal and molecular structure was determined by an X-ray diffraction analysis, in solution it was studied also by IR and NMR spectroscopy.
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  • 65
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    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 128 (1995) 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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  • 66
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Anellated azaphospholes ; Hantzsch-type [3 + 2] cyclocondensation ; Chloromethyldichlorophosphane ; Regioselectivity ; 31P-, 1H-, 13C-NMR spectra ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The [3 + 2] cyclocondensation of 2-amino-1,3-thiazoline, 2-aminopyridines, 2- and 4-aminopyrimidines, 2-aminopyrazine, and 2-aminoquinoline with chloromethyldichlorophosphane in the presence of triethylamine yields regiospecifically 5,6-dihydrothiazolo[2,3-e][1,4,2]diazaphosphole (3), 1,4,2-diazaphospholo[4,5-α]pyridines (12), 1,4,2-diazaphospholo[4,5-α]pyrimidines (15), 1,4,2-diazaphospholo[4,5-e]pyrimidine (17), 1,4,2-diazaphospholo[4,5-α]pyrazine (19), and [1,4,2]diazaphospholo[4,5-α]quinoline (22), respectively. Using 2-amino-1,3-thiazole (4) and 2-aminobenzothiazoles 8, we obtained mixtures of the 1,5- and 4,5-anellated 1,4,2-diazaphospholes 5/6, 9a/10a and 9b/10b, while in the case of the methyl derivative 8c only the [1,4,2]diazaphospholo[5,4-b][1,3]benzothiazole 10c was formed. In the reaction of 2-aminothiazole and 2-aminopyrazine with Chloromethyldichlorophosphane the bis(diazaphospholo)-substituted chloromethylphosphanes 7 and 20 could be detected. The new anellated 1,4,2-diazaphospholes are colorless to pale yellow crystalline moisture-sensitive solids.
    Additional Material: 6 Tab.
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  • 67
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Reductive silylation ; Aminochlorophosphanes ; Silylphosphanes ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The reaction of alkyl(diorganylamino)chlorophosphanes R(R2′N)PCl 1 (1a: R = tBu, R′ = Et, 1b: R = iPr, R′ = iPr; 1c: R = iPr, R′ = Ph) with hexachlorodisilane, afforded alkyl(diorganylamino)trichlorosilylphosphanes R(R2′N)PSiCl3 2 (2a: R = tBu, R′ = Et; 2b: R = iPr, R′ = iPr; 2c: R = iPr, R′ = Ph) and silicon tetrachloride. An intermediate formed in the reaction of 1b with hexachlorodisilane, the adduct iPr(iPr2N)(Cl)P-Si(Cl)3-SiCl3 (3b = 1b · Si2Cl6), was detected by 31P- and 29Si-NMR spectra that indicate pentacoordinated silicon bound to tetracoordinated phosphorus and tetracoordinated silicon. Trichlorosilylphosphanes 2 are also available from 1 under very mild conditions by reductive trichlorosilylation with trichlorosilane in the presence of triethylamine. Compounds 2 were identified analytically, by mass spectroscopy, multinuclear NMR, and an X-ray structure determination of 2c.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
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  • 68
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    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 128 (1995), S. 641-643 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Carbene ligands ; Tungsten complexes ; 2,2′-Bifuran ; Copper coupling reaction ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The 2-oxacyclic α,β-unsaturated carbene complex 1 reacts with an excess of dimethylamine to give the diphenylbifuran 2. The structure of 2 was established by independent synthesis from 2-phenylfuran (4) via regioselective lithiation and transmetalation to zinc and tin organometallics 6a-c and final oxidative copper coupling reactions.
    Additional Material: 1 Tab.
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  • 69
    Electronic Resource
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    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 128 (1995), S. 679-687 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Stannole, diethylboryl-substituted ; Trimethyltin alkoxides ; 2-, 3-Stannolenes, organometallic-substituted ; NMR, coupling constants, 2J(Sn,Sn), sign determination ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Trimethyltin alkoxides (2) react stereoselectively with 3-diethylboryl-4-ethyl-1,1-dimethylstannole (1) via addition of the Me3Sn group to C(2) to the C(2) = C(3) bond and a 1,2 shift of an ethyl group from boron to C(3) to give the 2-stannolenes 3. The molecular structure of 3f' [R = (S)-2-Bu] was determined by single-crystal X-ray analysis, confirming the cis positions of the Et(RO)B and the Me3Sn group. These 2-stannolenes 3 undergo, upon heating to ca. 80°C, facile rearrangement by irreversible allylic migration of the Et(RO)B group to the 3-stannolenes 4 in which the cis positions of the boryl and the stannyl group are retained. All 2-stannolenes (in contrast to the 3-stannolenes) are readily deprotoborylated to give the 3-stannolene 5. The structures of 3, 4, and 5 follow conclusively from 1H-, 11B-, 13C-, and 119Sn-NMR spectra. The negative sign of the geminal coupling constants 2J(SnSn) was determined in the case of 3, 4, and 5 by 2D 119Sn/1H heteronuclear shift correlations.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
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  • 70
    Electronic Resource
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    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 128 (1995), S. 751-762 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Trifluoroacyloxy-9-borabicyclo[3.3.1]nonane ; Pivaloyloxy-9-borabicyclo[3.3.1]nonane dimer ; Bis(9-borabicyclo[3.3.1]nonyl]oxalate ; Tetrakis(9-borabicyclo[3.3.1]nonyl)-dihydroxyoxalate ; Bis(9-borabicyclo[3.3.1]nonyl)-2,2-dimethylmalonate tetramer ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: 9-Borabicyclo[3.3.1]nonane (9-BBNH) reacts with monocarboxylic acids to afford 9-(acyloxy)-9-borabicyclo[3.3.1]nonanes which are dimers in the solid state as shown by X-ray crystal structures of the benzoate and pivalate. More complex reactions were observed by allowing 9-BBNH to react with dicarboxylic acids in THF or monoglyme. Thus, (9-BBN)2 oxalate 3 contains a fully delocalized oxalate unit with equal C-O and B-O bond lengths. Traces of water convert it into the tetrakis(9-BBN) oxalate 5. A rather unusual structure is veryfied by 9-BBN 2,2-dimethylmalonate 7 which according to its molecular structure is a tetramer featuring a 32-membered ring system. In contrast, reactions of oxalic acid with thexylborane leads to reduction of the acid and formation of a bicyclic dioxaborolo-dioxaborolane 10. Several intermediates were detected by 11B-NMR spectroscopy as well as in reactions of BH3 · THF or BH3 · SMe2 with oxalic acid.  -  It follows from the present study that (acyloxy)boranes derived from dicarboxylic acids are strong Lewis acids with an unexpected variety of structural features.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
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  • 71
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    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 128 (1995), S. 741-742 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Selenenyl halides ; Nucleophilic substitution ; Complex intermediate ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The T-shaped selenenyl halide (1), which may be regarded as a model substance for the transition state in nucleophilic displacement at divalent chalcogen atoms, has been isolated and subjected to X-ray structure determination.
    Additional Material: 1 Tab.
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  • 72
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    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 128 (1995), S. 779-785 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Zinc complexes ; Drug ligands ; Captopril ; Isoniazid ; Nalidixic acid ; Mercaptopurine ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Four drugs whose actions have a relation to the status of zinccontaining species in the human body were used as ligands in zinc complexes. Captopril (H2Cap) forms the compound [ZnCap] (1) presumed to be a coordination polymer with O and S coordination. Isoniazid, in the presence of zinc salts, is converted to 1,2-diisonicotinoyl hydrazide (H2Nih) which forms polymeric [Zn(Nih)NH3] (2) with trigonal-bipyramidal ZnO2N3 coordination. Nalidixic acid (HNal) and zinc perchlorate yield [Zn(HNal)2(H2O)2](ClO4)2 · 2 H2O (3) containing zinc in an octahedral ZnO6 environment. Mercaptopurine (H2Mer), in the presence of ammonia, forms [Zn(Mer)(NH3)2] . H2O (4) which is a coordination polymer containing tetrahedral ZnN4 units. The structures of [Zn(Nih)NH3], [Zn(HNal)2(H2O)2](ClO4)2 . 2 H2O, and [Zn(Mer)(NH3)2] . 2 H2O were determined diffractometrically.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
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  • 73
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Phosphate-phosphonate rearrangement ; Carbanions, benzylic, configurational stability of ; Phosphonaes Lithium amides, homochiral ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Benzyl dialkyl phosphates are deprotonated enantioselectively by homochiral lithium amides of isopropyl(1-phenylethyl)amine or bis(1-phenylethyl)amine. The short-lived benzylic carbanions formed are virtually configurationally stable relative to the rearrangement to optically active phenyl-hydroxymethylphosphonates. The enantiomeric excesses are up to 50%. The pro-(S) hydrogen is removed by amides having (S) configuration. Homochiral diethyl (S)-phenyl[D1]-methyl phosphate [(S)-16c] is deprotonated by both LDA and n-BuLi with a high primary kinetic isotope effect (kH/D ≍ 50) and isomerizes to the corresponding α-hydroxy phosphonate with an enantiomeric excess of up to 85%.
    Additional Material: 1 Tab.
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  • 74
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    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 128 (1995), S. 845-850 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Phenanthroline synthesis ; Tris(phenanthroline)iron(II) complexes ; Redox potential ; Cyclic voltammetry ; Electron transfer, outer-sphere ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The new 4,7-donor-substituted phenanthrolines 2a-h were synthesized and the corresponding tris(1,10-phenanthroline)iron(II) complexes 3a-h studied by cyclic voltammetry. In more detail three novel aza-crown ether-linked (phenanthroline)iron complexes were investigated, the redox potentials of which could be fine-tuned by the addition of group-Ia,IIa metal cations. All iron(II) complexes showed reversible waves at scan rates between 50 and 500 mV · s-1 and could be reversibly oxidized and reduced by chemical means.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
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  • 75
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Bis(cyclopentadienyl)methane ; Heterobimetallic complexes ; Imido complexes ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The mononuclear rhodium complexes [(C5H5CH2C5H4)-Rh(CO)2] (1) and [(C5H5CH2C5H4)Rh(PhC≡CPh)(PiPr3)] (2) readily react with nBuLi or TlOEt to yield the corresponding lithium salts 3 and 4 or thallium salts 5 and 6. The reaction of these salts with [(C5H5)Nb(NtBu)Cl2] (7) leads to the formation of the heterodinuclear compounds [{CH2(C5H4)2}-{Rh(CO)2}{(C5H5)Nb(NtBu)Cl}] (8) and [{CH2(C5H4)2}-{Rh(PhC≡CPh)(PiPr3)}{(C5H5)Nb(NtBu)Cl}] (9), respectively. Treatment of 3-6 with [Mo(NtBu)2Cl2] (10) gives the heterodinuclear Rh/Mo complexes [{CH2(C5H4)2}{Rh(CO)2}-{Mo(NtBu)2Cl}] (11) and [{CH2(C5H4)2}{Rh(PhC≡CPh)-(PiPr3)}{Mo(NtBu)2Cl}] (12). The analogous reaction of [Mo(NMes)2Cl2(DME)] (13) with 3-6 yields the corresponding complexes [{CH2(C5H4)2}{Rh(CO)2}{Mo(NMes)2Cl}] (14) and [{CH2(C5H4)2}{Rh(PhC≡CPh)(PiPr3)}{Mo(NMes)2Cl}] (15). From the monometallated ligand [(C5H5CH2C5H4)M] (M = Li: 16; M = Tl: 17) and the imidometal compounds 7, 10 and 13, the mononuclear complexes [(C5H5CH2C5H4)(C5H5)Nb-(NtBu)Cl] (18) and [(C5H5CH2C5H4)Mo(NR)2Cl] (R = tBu: 19; R = Mes: 20) have been obtained.
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  • 76
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Fullerene ; Hydrofulleride ; Manganese complex ; Rhenium complex ; Iron complexes ; Ruthenium complex ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Addition of Hydrofulleride [C60H]- to Coordinated, Unsaturated Hydrocarbons: Binding of Fullerene to Metal Complexes through Hydrocarbon BridgesHerrn Professor Herbert Walter Roesky zum 60. Geburtstag gewidmet.Hydrofulleride [C60H]- is added to the hydrocarbon ligands of the cationic complexes [(OC)5Re(η2-C2H4)]+, [(OC)3Mn-(η6-C6H6)]+, [(OC)3M(η5-C6H7)]+ (M = Fe, Ru), [(OC)3Fe(η5-C7H9)]+, and [(η5-C5H5)Fe(η6-C5H4CH2)]+.
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  • 77
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    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 128 (1995), S. 1083-1088 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Silenes ; Silene dimerization ; 1,2-Disilacyclobutanes ; 1,3-Disilacyclobutanes ; 2,3-Disilanaphthalene, tetrahydro- ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Mesityl[tris(trimethylsilyl)silyl]methanol (1) reacts with strong bases with elimination of trimethylsilanolate according to a Peterson-type mechanism, the outcome of the reaction being dependent on solvent, temperature, and nature of the organometallic base applied. Thus, 1 was converted by treatment with MeLi in ether at -78°C to (E)-1,2,3,8a-tetra -hydro-1-mesityl-5,7,8a-trimethyl-2,2,3,3-tetrakis (trimethylsi-lyl)-2,3-disilanaphthalene (3), formally a [2 + 4] cyclodimer of the transient silene (Me3Si)2Si=CHMes (2). The reaction of 1 with PhMgBr in THF after some days resulted in the formation of (Z)-3,4-dimesityl-1,1,2,2-tetrakis(trimethylsilyl) -1,2-disilacyclobutane (6) as the main product besides small quantities of 3, the polysilane (Me3SiSi(SiMe3)2CH2Mes (10), and the alkoxysilane (Me3Si)3SiCH(Mes)OSi(Si-Me3)2CH2Mes (7). Compound 6, the formal [2 + 2] cycloadduct of 2, can also be obtained by thermal treatment of 3 and is considered to be the thermodynamically more stable silene dimer whereas 3 is the kinetically preferred product. At high LiBr concentrations in the reaction mixture 1 was converted by PhMgBr in THF to (E)-2,4-dimesityl-1,1,3,3-tetrakis(tri- methylsilyl)-1,3-disilacyclobutane (13) besides 6 and [bis(tri-methylsilyl)silyl]mesityl(trimethylsiloxy)methane (11). The unforeseen formation of 13 is discussed as proceeding via the silene-lithium bromide adduct (Me3Si)2Si(Br)CH(Li)Mes (12). In the absence of LiBr 1 was converted by MeLi in THF at -78°C to 11 and the trisilane (Me3Si)2Si(Me)CH2Mes (4b). Probable pathways of the formation of all new compounds are discussed. For 6 and 13 the results of the X-ray structural analyses are given.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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  • 78
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: 1,7-Dimethylocta-2,6-diene-1,8-diyl ; Ruthenium complexes ; α-Amino carboxylates ; α-Amino acid esters ; Peptide esters ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Metal Complexes Containing Biologically Important Ligands, LXXXLXXIX. Mitteilung: Lit. .  -  (η3:η3-C10H16)Ru(IV) Complexes with α-Amino Carboxylates, α-Amino Acid Esters, and Peptide Esters as LigandsReactions of the chloro-bridged bis(allyl) complex [(η3:η3-C10H16)Ru(Cl)(μ-Cl)]2 with α-amino carboxylates and α-amino acid esters afford the complexes (η3:η3-C10H16)(Cl)RuNH2CHRCO2 (2) and (η3:η3-C10H16)(Cl)2-RuNH2CHRCO2R′ (3). Abstraction of chloride from 3 by Ag+ gives the N,O-chelates [(η3:η3-C10H16)(Cl)RuNH2CHRCO2R′]+BF4 (4). Cysteine methyl ester forms the N,S-chelate complex (η3:η3-C10H16)(Cl)RuNH2CH(CO2CH3)CH2S (5), and with histidine methyl ester a dinuclear complex 6 with N,N-histidine bridge is obtained. Compound 3d with L-PheOEt as ligand was characterized by X-ray diffraction.
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  • 79
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    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 128 (1995), S. 1135-1136 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Hemilabile ligands ; Cyclopentadienyl ligands, functionalised ; Iron compounds ; Halfsandwich complex ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Reaction of iron(II) chloride with one equivalent of [MeO-(CH2CH2O)3(CH2)3C5Me4]Li in THF yields the title halfsand-wich complex 1, which is stable in solution up to room temperature. Compound 1 reacts with C5H5Li and CO to give [MeO(CH2CH2O)3(CH2)3C5Me4]Fe(C5H5) (2) and [MeO-(CH2CH2O)3(CH2)3C5Me4]Fe(CO)2CI (3), respectively, in high yields.
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  • 80
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    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 128 (1995), S. 1145-1148 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: P2, As2, P2S2, and P2Se2 ligands ; Iron complexes ; Triangulated dodecahedra ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The thermolysis of [CpFe(CO)2]2 (1) and P4 or As4 affords the iron clusters [Cp4Fe4(E2)2], E = As (2a), P (2b), the Fe4E4 skeleton of which consists of a triangulated dodecahedron. S8 and gray Se oxidize the P2 ligands of 2b with formation of [Cp4Fe4(P2X2)2], X = S (3a), Se (3b), complexes with the hitherto unknown P2X2 ligands, 2a, b and 3a, b have been characterized by X-ray crystallography.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
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  • 81
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Synthesis, stereoselective ; Catalysis ; Tetrahydrofurans ; Dialkylzinc reagents ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: 1,4-Diol derivatives 4a-i were synthesized stereoselectively by either reagent- or catalyst-controlled routes using the addition of functionalized diorganozinc reagents to aldehydes. The stereoselectivities along the reagent-controlled synthetic path were in the range between 80:20 and 95:5. The stereoselectivities along the catalyst route exceeded 95:5. The 1,4-diol derivatives 4 thus obtained were transformed into enantiomerically pure cis- and trans-2,5-disubstituted tetrahydrofurans (16-20) by means of an intramolecular Williamson reaction.
    Additional Material: 1 Tab.
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  • 82
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Hydrazines ; N,N'-bis(diphenylboryl)-N,N'-dimethyl- ; N,N'-bis(diphenylboryl)-N',N'-dimethyl- ; N,N'-bis(dimethylphenylsilyl)- ; N,N'-bis(chloromesitylboryl)-N'-phenyl-N'-(trimethylsilyl)- ; 1,2,4,5,3,6-Tetrazadiborinane, 1,2,4,5-tetrakis(tert-butyldimethylsilyl)-3,6-difluoro- ; Triazadiborolidine, dihydro-, derivative ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The diboration of the diazene PhN = NSiMe3 (15) by diborane(4) derivatives provides a new synthetic route to N,N'-diborylated hydrazines. The product formed depends on the type of the diborane(4) compound. Thus, addition of dimesityldiboron dichloride to 15 in a 1:1 ratio afforded (mesCIB)PhN-N(SiMe3)(BClmes) (16) while bis(dimethyl-amino)diboron dichloride was found to react in a 1:2 ratio to give a triazadiborolidine derivative 17. In addition, it was demonstrated that in the solid state Me2N-N(BPh2)2 (8) is a derivative of a three-membered dihydroazadiboriridine C while its isomer, (Ph2B)MeN-NMe(BPh2) (7), forms no BN coordinative bond. The new 3,6-difluoro-1,2,4,5-tetraza-3,6-diborine 13 shows a twist conformation. The molecular structures of all these compounds were determined by X-ray crystal structure analysis, and the influence of the B substituent on the conformation is discussed.
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  • 83
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    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 128 (1995), S. 1061-1068 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: N-Isocyanides ; N-Isocyanodialkylamine complexes ; Carbene complexes ; Imaging-Plate data collection ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The N-isocyanodialkylamine metal complexes [M(CO)5CN-NR2] (M = Cr, W), trans-[MI2(CNNR2)2] (M = Pd, Pt), trans-[Pt(Cl)(CNNR2)(PPh3)2]BF4, and cis-[PtCl2(CNNR2)(PPh3)] [R = Et, iPr; 2 R = -{CHMe(CH2)3CHMe}-] react with primary amines to give the amino(hydrazino)carbene metal complexes [M(CO)5(C(NHR′)NHNR2}] (R′ = Me, nPr, Cy) (1-9), trans-[PtI2{C(NHMe)NHNR2}2] (10-12) and trans, and the amine adducts cis-[PtCl2{C(NHMe)NHNC(H)(Me) (CH2)3CHMe}(PPh3)] H2NMe (14), and trans-[PdI2{C (NHMe)NHNC(H)(Me)(CH2)3CHMe}2] 2 H2NMe (15). With secondary amines the amino(hydrazino)carbene metal complexes trans (18) and trans-[PtCl{C(NEt2)NHNEt2} (PPh3)2]BF4 (19) Were isolated. The complexes trans-[PtI2{C(NHCy)NHNiPr2}CNNiPr 2] (20) and trans-[PdI2 (NH2Cy){C(NHCy)NHNiPr2}] (21) were obtained by reaction of trans-[MI2(CNNiPr2)2] (M = Pd, Pt) with cyclohexylamine. The structures were assigned on the basis of IR, NMR- (1H, 13C, 31P), and mass spectroscopy as well as an X-ray structural analysis of 21.
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  • 84
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: [2.2.2]Paracyclophanes ; Polyenes ; Silver complexes ; X-Ray structural analysis ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The preparation of the disilver(I) complexes 3 and 4, polyene metal complexes that are terminally substituted with [2.2.2]paracyclophanyl units, is described. NMR spectro-scopic studies on the disilver perchlorate complex 3b showed that (a) the sites of complexation are the cyclophane groups and (b) the olefinic spacers do not overly perturb the overall complexation properties of the individual [2.2.2]paracyclo-phanyl groups. The crystal structures of the disilver hexafluo-roantimonate complexes 4a-b were determined. The use of the hexafluoroantimonate counterion and solvent mixtures containing toluene both proved crucial in obtaining single crystals; toluene is incorportated into the crystal lattices.
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  • 85
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    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 128 (1995), S. 1095-1103 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Zinc complexes ; Tridentate ligands ; Tris(pyrazolyl)methane ; Reactivity ; Structure ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Tris(pyrazolyl)methane ligands in which two or three of the pyrazole carbon atoms bear organic substituents (L1-L7) were synthesized from chloroform and the corresponding pyrazole under phase transfer conditions. Their behavior towards zinc salts was found to span the range from no reaction at all to hydrolytic destruction. One hydrolysis product isolated and structurally characterized was the perchlorate complex [(HPz5)3Zn-OClO3]ClO4 (1), other ones were the 2:1 complexes (HPz3)2ZnBr2 (2) and (HPz6)2Zn(NO3)2 (3, HPzn = substituted pyrazole). Zinc perchlorate and tris(trimethylpy-razolyl)methane (L2) formed the octahedral binary complex [L22Zn](ClO4)2 (4) as evidenced by a structure determination. Zinc halides produced the 1:1 complexes L1 · ZnBr2 (5), L4 · ZnCl2 (6), and L4 · ZnBr2 (7), which according to the structure determinations of 6 and 7 contain tetrahedral ZnN2Hal2 units with only bidentate tris(pyrazolyl)methane ligands. In contrast, the zinc nitrate complex L4 · Zn(NO3)2 (8) was found to have an octahedral structure with mono- and bidentate nitrate and tridentate L4. The bromide complex 7 was converted by silver perchlorate hydrate into the labile compound [L4 · ZnBr]ClO4 (9) and then into the unstable product [L4 · Zn-OH2](ClO4)2 (10), both presumed to contain zinc in a tetrahedral ZnN3Br or ZnN3O environment, respectively. The ease of hydrolytic self-destruction prevented the exploitation of the reactivity of 9 and 10 in analogy to that of the corresponding tris(pyrazolyl)borate zinc complexes.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
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  • 86
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Metallomacrocycles ; Nickel complexes ; Complexation reactions ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The reactions between alkali and alkaline earth metal ions and nickel(II) macrocycles based on S-alkylated isothiosemi-carbazides with different crown ether cavity size were studied in propylene carbonate by spectrophotometric and calorimetric titrations. Metallomacrocycles 1 and 2 exhibit normal behavior on 1:1 complexation with alkali- and alkaline earth metal ions and resemble in this respect 15C5 and 18C6, respectively. The most stable complexes are formed by these “ligands” when the diameter of the cation and the crown ether hole have approximately the same size. The most striking feature of the complexation processes studied is the formation of 1:2 metal-ligand associates even in the case of the smallest cations. These associates are very different from “normal” crown ether sandwich complexes. In reality, the particle formed is an associate between a 1:1 complex, in which the corresponding metal ion is well accommdated inside the ligand cavity, and a second metallomacrocyclic ligand. Their formation is disfavored by enthalpic contributions. A special kind of “switch” from these associates to normal sandwich complexes takes place in the case of 1, when the cation diameter compared to hole size increases. The macrocycle 2 forms this kind of associates with all akali and alkaline earth ions.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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  • 87
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Silicon transition metal complexes ; Metallodisilanes ; Nucleophilic metallation ; Cl/H exchange at silicon ; Raman spectroscopy ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Synthesis and Reactivity of Silicon Transition Metal Complexes, 34[*].  -  Pentachlorodisilanyl and Disilanyl Complexes of Molybdenum and Tungsten: Synthesis, Structure, and Spectroscopic CharacterizationReaction of the lithium metallates Li[M(PMe3)(CO)2C5R5] [M = Mo, W; R = H (1a, b), Me (1c, d)] with Si2Cl6 (2) leads to the formation of the pentachloro(metallo)disilanes 5R5(OC)2(Me3P)M - SiCl2 - SiCl3 (3a - d), which are transformed into the metallo disilanes C5R5(OC)2(Me3P)M - SiH2 - SiH3 (4a - d) on treatment with LiAlH4. The disilanes 4a - d are reconverted into 3a - d in the presence of tetrachloromethane. Extensive spectroscopic investigations (NMR, Raman, and IR spectroscopy) were performed to establish the transition-metal effect especially with respect to the H5Si2 ligand. The molecular structure of C5Me5(OC)2(Me3P)W - SiCl2 - SiCl3 (3d) was determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
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  • 88
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 128 (1995), S. 1137-1139 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Tetraindane(4) ; Indium(I) ; Mn-Mn bond ; Indium alkyl bridge ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Tetrahedra-tetrakis[tris(trimethylsilyl)methyl]tetraindane(4) (1) reacts with decacarbonyldimanganese(0) to yield the bright red crystalline title compound 2, in which two carbonyl ligands are replaced by two InR fragments. The crystal structure determination of 2 shows two Mn(CO)4 groups (Mn-Mn 313.7 pm) bridged by two monoalkylindium units and a planar Mn2In2 molecular center.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
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  • 89
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 128 (1995), S. 1149-1156 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Selenoaldehyde complex ; Thioselonocarboxylic ester complexes ; Selenetane complex ; Dihydrodiselenine complex ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Pentacarbonyltungsten-coordinated selenobenzaldehyde, [(CO)5W{Se=C(Ph)H}] (1), reacts with tBu-C≡C-SMe (2) by insertion of the C≡C into the Se=C bond to form in a highly regio- and stereoselective manner the α,β-unsaturated thioselonocarboxylic ester complex (Z)(C=C)-[(CO)5W{≡1-Se=C(SMe)C(tBu)=C(Ph)H}] (3). The thioselonocarboxylic ester ligand is cleaved intact from the metal by treatment of 3 with [NEt4]Br. Three complexes are formed in the reaction of 1 with Me-C≡C-SMe (5): the thioselonocarboxylic ester complex [(CO)5W{≡1-Se=C(SMe)C(Me)=C(Ph)H}] (6) as a mixture of the (E) and (Z)(C=C) isomers, a selenetane complex (7) and a dihydrodiselenine complex (8). The product distribution depends on the ratio 1:5 and on the solvent. The reaction of 1 with the bis(organylthio)alkynes RS-C≡C-SR (9) [R = Me (a), iPr (b), 2,6-C6H3Me2 (c)] yields mixtures of the (E) and (Z)(C=C) isomers of the α,β-unsaturated α-organylthio thioselonocarboxylic ester complexes [(CO)5W{≡1-Se=C(SR)C(SR)=C(Ph)H)] (10a-c). In contrast, the reaction of 1 with tert-butoxyethyne, H-C≡C-OtBu (11), affords a bis(pentacarbonyltungsten) 5,6-dihydro-1,2-diselenine complex (12). Compound 12 is probably formed by consecutive reaction of 1 with 11 to give the selonocarboxylic ester complex [(CO)5W{≡1-Se=C(OtBu)C(H)=C(Ph)H}] which then further reacts as a heterodiene by highly regioselective [4 + 2] cycloaddition with the Se=C bond of a second molecule of 1 to give 12. In the reaction of 1 with 5 and 9a the isomer with a trans arrangement of C(=Se)SMe and Ph is the kinetically controlled reaction product [(E)-6 and (Z)-10a, respectively]. The formation of (E)-6 and (Z)-10a is followed by isomerization until an (E)/(Z) equilibrium is reached. Complexes 3 and 7 were characterized by X-ray structural analyses.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
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  • 90
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Electrophilic aromatic substitution ; Electrophilic vinylic substitution ; Trialkylstannanes, application of ; Sulfonamides, synthesis of ; Sulfodestannylation, application of ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A mild and effective method for the preparation of aromatic and olefinic sulfonamides is described. The reaction of trialkylaryl- (4a-f), heteroaryl- (4g), and vinylic stannanes (4h) with sulfuryl chloride and secondary amines provides the corresponding sulfonamides in an ipso-specific manner.
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  • 91
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 128 (1995), S. 1207-1219 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Ylide-substituted phosphorus ; Phosphorus sulfides ; Phosphorus selenides ; Thioxophosphanes ; Selenoxo-phosphanes ; Dithioxophosphoranes ; Diselenoxophosphoranes ; Alkylation reactions ; Selenadiphosphirane ; 2,5,7-Triselena-1,3,4,6-tetraphosphanorbornane ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Ylidylphosphorus Sulfides, Selenides, Disulfides, Sulfide Selenides, and DiselenidesWe report on the first stable monomeric phosphorus mono-chalcogenides 2, 8 and the first stable dichalcogenides 4, 10 without bulky or intramolecularly coordinating substituents. They are stabilized by a high contribution of the zwitterionic resonance formula, which follows both from the NMR spectra and from an X-ray structure determination. Their preparation starts from triphenylphosphoniumylidyl-dichlorophosphanes 1. For the monochalcogenides they are treated with sodium sulfide or selenide or better with bis(trimethylsilyl) sulfide or selenide. In case of the C-phenyl and C-meta-tolyl representatives and also of the C-trimethylsilyl compound a number of secondary, partly novel products are obtained. - The dichalcogenides result from the reaction with sodium disulfide and diselenide, respectively, or from the oxidation of the monochalcogenides. - Alkylation of the monochalcogenides results in ylidylalkylchalcogenophosphenium salts 13, 15. In solution they are in equilibrium with more or less of the covalent form 14, 16, depending on the anion and on the solvent. Alkylation is often accompanied by secondary reactions. A diselenide loses selenium on alkylation.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
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  • 92
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Oxofunctionalization ; Dimethyldioxirane ; Metallo silanes ; Metallo silanols ; Metallo siloxanes ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Synthesis and Reactivity of Silicon Transition Metal Complexes, 3332. Mitteilung: Lit. .  -  Metallo Silanols and Metallo Siloxanes, 8 7. Mitteilung: Lit. .  -  Metallo Silanols of the Type C5R5(OC)2(Me3P)M-SiPh2OH (M = Cr, Mo, W): Preparation According to the Dimethyldioxirane Route and Conversion into Metallo Disiloxanes Herrn Professor Max Schmidt zum 70. Geburtstag gewidmet.The metallo silanes C5R5(OC)2(Me3P)M-SiPh2H (4a-c), are converted into the corresponding metallo silanols C5R5(OC)2-(Me3P)M-SiPh2OH [R = H, M = Cr (6a); R = Me, M = Mo (6b); M = W (6c)] by oxofunctionalization with dimethyldioxirane (5). Treatment of 6b, c with the chlorosilanes Me2Si(R)Cl [R = H (3b), [R = Cl (3c)] in the presence of triethylamine gives access to the metallo disiloxanes C5Me5(OC)2(Me3P)M-SiPh2OSiMe2R (M = Mo, R = H (7a); M = W, R = Cl (7b)]. The structure of tungsten silanol 6c is determined by X-ray diffraction analysis.
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  • 93
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Phosphaalkenes, C-halo, C-metal ; Phosphaacrylic acid ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Thermally and air-stable β-phosphaenones were synthesized by functionalization of Mes*P=CCl2 (1; Mes* = supermesityl = 2,4,6-tri-tert-butylphenyl). At low temperature, 1 was lithiated by halogen-metal exchange with n-butyllithium to give the phosphanylidene carbenoid (Z)-Mes*P=C(Cl)Li [(Z)-2] which reacted with acid chlorides to furnish the C-carbonyl-substituted phosphaalkenes (Z)-Mes*P=C(Cl)R (3: P = COtBu; 4: R = COPh; 5: R = COOEt). The reaction of (Z)-2 with carbon dioxide furnished the carboxylate 6, which was converted by treatment with pivaloyl chloride or trimethylsilyl chloride into the phosphaalkenes 7 and 8 functionalized at the carbon atom by an anhydride or a trimethylsilyl ester function, respectively. Acidification of 6 or hydrolysis of 8 with water in chloroform solution afforded the novel carboxylic acid (Z)-Mes*P=C(Cl)COOH (9). Spectroscopic investigations (NMR, UV, IR) of 3-9 and the X-ray structures of 3 and 4 are presented. Based on these properties and on theoretical calculations, the occurrence of conjugation in the β-phosphaenone system is discussed and compared with the well-known conjugation in normal enones.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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  • 94
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Phosphaalkenes ; Cycloadditions ; Insertion reactions ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The dimethylamino-substituted phosphaalkene 1 reacts with hexafluoroacetone (HFA) with addition at the P=C bond to form the 1,5,2-dioxaphosphorinane 2. The structure of 2 was confirmed by an X-ray crystal structure analysis. The six-membered ring displays an envelope conformation with the phosphorus atom out of the plane, but the phosphorus is disordered over two sites. Reaction of P-trimethylsilyl-substituted phosphaalkenes with HFA proceeds with retention of the P=C double bond and insertion of HFA into the P—Si bond. Two isomeric products are obtained and are characterized by 1H-, 13C-, 19F-, and 31P-NMR spectroscopy, IR spectroscopy, mass spectrometry, and elemental analysis.
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  • 95
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 128 (1995), S. 525-529 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Copper complexes ; Acetylacetonate ; Alkynes ; 1,4-Diynes ; Titanocenes ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Monomeric (Acetylacetonato)copper(I) Complexes of Alkynes and 1,4-DiynesMonomeric (η2-Me3SiC≡CSiMe3)Cu(acac) (3) is formed by the reaction of dimeric [(η2-Me3SiC≡CSiMe3)CuBr]2 (1) with two equivalents of Na(acac) (2). In a similar manner Me2-Si(C≡CSiMe3)2 (4) reacts with CuCl (5) and 2 to afford Me2Si[(η2-C≡CSiMe3)Cu(acac)]2 (6). In compounds 3 and 6 an alkyne unit is η2-coordinated to a monomeric Cu(acac) moiety with a copper atom in a planar environment. With the organometallic 1,4-diyne (η5-C5H4SiMe3)2Ti(C≡CSiMe3)2 (7), compound [(η5-C5H4SiMe3)2Ti(C≡CSiMe3)2]Cu(acac) (8) is formed. In 8 both Me3SiC≡C ligands of the 3-titanapenta-1,4-diyne fragment are η2-coordinated to a monomeric Cu-(acac) building block. The copper atom in 8 possesses a pseudo-tetrahedral environment (shown by X-ray analysis), built by the two Me3SiC≡C ligands of the (η5-C5H4SiMe3)2-Ti(C≡CSiMe3)2 moiety and the two oxygen atoms of the acetylacetonato ligand. 8 is additionally formed by the reaction of 3 or 6 with 7, or by treatment of [(η5-C5H4SiMe3)2Ti(C≡C-SiMe3)2]CuCl (9) with Na(acac) (2). The application of 3, 6, and 8 as precursors for the preparation of copper films in the CVD process of copper(I) is discussed.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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  • 96
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 128 (1995), S. 551-556 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Benzyllithium compounds ; Ion pairs ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The solvation and ion pair nature of α-(phenylthio)benzyllithium (2d) in THF solution were investigated by NMR-spectroscopic methods. The effect of additives such as diethylene-glycol dimethyl ether or of 12-crown-4 was studied. The results were compared to those of benzyllithium compounds 4 and 6, containing a pentaoxapentadecane ansa chain. These compounds exist as contact ion pairs in which lithium is held at the anionic carbon. This is reflected in the 6Li,13C coupling and 1H,6Li-HOESY contacts in the NMR spectra.
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  • 97
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Titanocene complexes ; Organosulfur ligands ; Ligand transfer ; Organosulfur heterocycles ; Sulfur-sulfur bonds ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The tetrathiaoxalate complex Cp4Ti2C2S4 (1) reacts with an equimolar amount of COCl2 to give the blue-green mononuclear complex Cp2TiC2S4CO (4). This reaction is analogous to the known reactions of 1 with SCl2 or S2Cl2. However, when 1 was treated with equimolar amounts of the bifunctional sulfenyl chlorides 1,2-C2H4(SCl)2 (5), 1,3-C3H6(SCl)2 (6) or 1,2-C6H4(SCl)2 (7), the bi- or monocyclic tetrakisdisulfanes C6H8S8 (9b), C8H12S8 (10), and C14H8S8 (11), respectively, were obtained. The X-ray crystal structure analysis of 11 · CS2 showed that 11 possesses Ci symmetry with a central exocyclic CC double bond similar to tetrathiafulvalenes: C6H4(μ-S2)2C=C(μ-S2)2C6H4.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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  • 98
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Tetracarbonyl(norbornadiene)molybdenum(0) ; Oxidative addition of I2 ; Dihalogeno(bipyridyl)molybdenum(II) complexes ; 7-Coordinated complexes ; Neutral and cationic molybdenum(II) complexes ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The reaction of [Mo(CO)4(C7H8)] (1) with I2 gave the norbornadienemolybdenum(II) complex [Mo(CO)2(C7H8)I2]n≥1 (2), which existed in an equilibrium of two isomeric forms. In acetonitrile, 2 reversibly formed the adduct [Mo(CO)2-(C7H8)(NCCH3)I2] (3), whereas on treatment with 2,2′-bipyridine or 4,4′-di-2,2′-tBu-bipyridine, it gave stable 7-coordinated molybdenum(II) complexes, [Mo(CO)(C7H8)-(C10H8N2)I2] (4) and [Mo(CO)(C7H8)(C10H6tBu2N2)I2] (5), in good yield. In similar reactions, the related dibromomolybdenum compounds [Mo(CO)(C7H8)(C10H8N2)Br2] (6) and [Mo-(CO)(C7H8)(C10H6tBu2N2)Br2] (7) were prepared by oxidation of 1 with two equivalents of CuBr2. The X-ray structural analysis of 6 reveals that the geometry around the molybdenum atom is nearly perfectly pentagonal bipyramidal, with the CO and one of the bipyridyl rings perpendicular to the plane formed by the other ligands. The compounds 5 and 6 react with AgSbF6 by halogen abstraction to give cationic complexes, {[Mo(CO)(C7H8)(C10H8N2)Br]SbF6}n≥1 (8) and {[Mo(CO)(C7H8)(C10H6tBu2N2)I]SbF6}n≥1 (9): In acetone, 8 and 9 reversibly formed the adducts [Mo(CO)(C7H8)(C10H8N2)(acetone)Br]SbF6 (8′) and [Mo(CO)(C7H8)(C10H6tBu2N2)(acetone)I]SbF6 (9′); while on treatment with PMe3, the stable monomeric complexes, [Mo(CO)(C7H8)(C10H8N2)(PMe3)Br]SbF6 (10) and [Mo(CO)(C7H8)(C10H6tBu2N2)(PMe3)I]SbF6 (11), were isolated in almost quantitative yield. In the presence of KBr, compound 8′ reverted to the dibromo complex 6, whereas 9′ reacted to produce a 1:1:2 mixture of 5, 7 and the bromo(iodo) complex [Mo(CO)(C7H8)(C10H6tBu2N2)BrI] (12). The same mixture is available from the reaction of 5 with one equivalent of 7.
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  • 99
    Electronic Resource
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    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 128 (1995), S. A149 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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  • 100
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 128 (1995), S. 1055-1058 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Aminations ; Palladium catalysis ; Organometallic amines ; Coupling reactions ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The coupling of the iodides 1 with amines under palladium catalysis affords the novel aminated cyclobutadiene derivatives 2 in preparative useful yields.
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