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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ultrastructural study on human lung in alveolitis versus pulmonary fibrosis (1993)
    Springer
    Journal of molecular medicine 71 (1993), S. 452-460 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Keywords: Electron microscopy ; Alveolitis ; Pulmonary fibrosis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Lung specimens of 21 patients with diffuse interstitial lung disease were examined. The present ultrastructural study outlines the topography and distribution of inflammatory changes in the interstitium, endothelium, and in pneumocytes and phagocytes. Alveolitis is characterized by marked regenerative activity of type II pneumocytes (cuboid metaplasia), intraluminal macrophage accumulation, endothelial swelling, multilamination of the endothelial basement membrane, pericapillary edema, and primarily by cellular infiltrates in the interstitial space. The most prominent feature of the interstitium in pulmonary fibrosis is the lack of immunoinflammatory cells. In some areas there is a marked absence of alveolar lumen while only a small number of macrophages are present in the remaining alveolar lumen. Most of the capillaries in the fibrous septum have been destroyed. Ultrastructural studies of lung biopsies in patients with diffuse interstitial lung disease allow the differentiation between alveolitis and pulmonary fibrosis and thus contribute to a therapeutic decision.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00180059
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Intracranial solitary-type infantile myofibromatosis (1993)
    Springer
    Child's nervous system 9 (1993), S. 246-249 
    Details
    ISSN: 1433-0350
    Keywords: Infantile myofibromatosis, solitary type ; Intracranial myofibromatosis ; Immunohistochemistry ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract An unusual case of infantile myofibromatosis of the solitary type occurring in an intracranial location in a 48-day-old female infant is presented. To our knowledge, there are no other descriptions in the literature of infantile myofibromatosis with exclusively intracranial involvement. The immunohistochemical and electron microscopic findings confirm the myofibroblastic origin of the proliferation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00303579
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Carbohydrate distribution and cellular injuries in acid rain and cold-treated spruce needles (1993)
    Springer
    Trees 8 (1993), S. 75-84 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2285
    Keywords: Picea abies (L.) Karst ; Freezing injury ; Acid rain ; Carbohydrate histochemistry ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary The cellular structures of acid rain-irrigated needles of several provenances of Norway spruce (Picea abies L. Karst) seedlings were studied after winter experimental freezing. Frost injuries and recovery were characterized by visual damage scoring and classification of mesophyll cell alterations, also using histochemical methods for carbohydrate fluorescent staining. The treatment with-30° C during the late dormancy period was sufficient to cause significant injuries and intracellular degradation in the tissues of the green needles. The most affected seedlings in terms of visual injury scoring were found among those treated with clean water or at pH 3, while freezing injury, defined as an occlusion of phenolic substances in the central vacuole of the mesophyll cells, was most abundant in the needles from spruces irrigated either with clean water or at pH 4 or pH 3. Electron microscopy revealed the details of the injury, e. g. thinning out of the cytoplasm and chloroplast stroma, darkening of the chloroplasts and eventually swelling of the chloroplasts and protoplast. PAS and ConA reactions in the needle tissue revealed intense starch accumulation in the mesophyll and transfusion tissues as early as in March, with a tendency to increase, especially in the untreated needles during the recovery period. Plasma membrane disturbances were indicated by histochemical identification of callose deposits in the mesophyll cell walls, these being most abundant in the acid rain-treated needles. All these findings suggest that freezing at −30° C was more deleterious to the seedlings pretreated with acid or clean water than to those not given additional irrigation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00197684
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Response of xylem parenchyma by suberization in some hardwoods after mechanical injury (1993)
    Springer
    Trees 8 (1993), S. 23-30 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2285
    Keywords: Wound responses ; Hardwoods ; Xylem parenchyma ; Suberization ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Wound responses of xylem parenchyma by suberization were investigated in some hardwoods by light and electron microscopy. Suberized ray and axial parenchyma cells form a distinct boundary around the wound in all investigated species. Vessels and fibres within and close behind the suberized area appeared more or less occluded; vessels in Fagus, Quercus, and Populus contained suberized tyloses, those in Betula and Tilia contained amorphous and fibrillar deposits. A common mechanism for suberin deposition in the parenchyma cells became evident. Cisternae of the endoplasmic reticulum were apparently involved in suberization. Suberin compounds are extruded by cytoplasmic vesicles, which fused with the plasma membrane, in order to release their content. The suberin layer exhibited the typical lamellated structure; cytoplasmic continuity between suberized cells by plasmodesmata was maintained through the suberin layer. Fagus revealed the most intense suberized area as compared with the other species. Within the reaction zone of Fagus and Quercus, some individual ray and axial parenchyma cells exhibited a subdivision into 2 or 3 compartments prior to suberization. Subdivision was achieved by the formation of a primary wall-like layer. Subsequently, the compartments became individually suberized. Wounding during winter did not induce suberization. Also, samples wounded and kept under water during the vegetation period showed no response. The role of suberization in the effectivity of wound-associated compartmentalization is discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00240978
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Granulomatous reaction and tissue remodelling in the cutaneous lesion of chromomycosis (1993)
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 422 (1993), S. 285-291 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: Chromomycosis ; Skin ; Granuloma ; Immunohistochemistry ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The cell-mediated immune reaction was studied in the cutaneous lesion of chromomycosis, using monoclonal antibodies against polymorphonuclear neutrophils, macrophage and lymphocyte subsets, endothelial and fibroblast cells. In addition, immunostaining of the main degradative enzymes (neutrophil elastase and interstitial collagenase) and certain important cytokines (transforming growth factor-β, tumour necrosis factor-α and interferon-γ) suggested an explanation for the granulomatous reaction and the associated tissue remodelling. The distribution pattern of neutrophils and macrophage subsets, observed by computer-aided image analysis, suggests that the in situ persistence of fungi is the main pathological factor.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01608337
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Solitary fibrous tumour of the thyroid: Clinicopathological, immunohistochemical and ultrastructural study of three cases (1993)
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 422 (1993), S. 491-497 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: Solitary fibrous tumour ; Mesenchymal tumour ; Thyroid ; Immunohistochemistry ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract We describe three cases of solitary fibrous tumour (SFT) arising from thyroid stroma. Grossly, the tumours were clearly delimited but only partly encapsulated. The following histomorphological growth patterns were observed: bundles of cells in storiform configuration; non-structured bundles; prevalence of fibrous matrix; highly cellular, non-structured; prevalence of loose, non-structured extracellular substance; cellular proliferation and vascular spaces in a haemangiopericytic configuration and a lipomatous component. Immunohistochemical investigation demonstrated intense, diffuse vimentin positivity and focal, less intense actin positivity in all three cases. At electron microscopy we observed a primitive cell of mesenchymal type, with cytoplasm poor in organelles and rich in filaments; this cell sometimes presented differentiation characteristics. SFT is at present the most correct term for the lesions presented here despite some morphological characteristics which differ from cases reported in the literature.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01606459
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Multiple papillary adenomas of type II pneumocytes found in a 13-year-old boy with von Recklinghausen's disease (1993)
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 423 (1993), S. 319-322 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: Multiple papillary adenomas ; Type II pneumocyte ; Von Recklinghausen's disease ; Immunohistochemistry ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract A case of multiple papillary adenomas of type II pneumocytes is reported. A 13-year-old boy with von Recklinghausen's disease had small nodular lesions in both lungs without symptoms. The biopsied lung contained greyish-white nodules ranging in size from 0.5 to 2 mm. Light microscopic examination revealed cuboidal to low columnar cells arranged in a papillary pattern. Elastic fibres were present in the tumour stroma. Electron microscopically, the cells had osmiophilic lamellar bodies in the cytoplasm and short microvilli along the free border. The tumour cells expressed immunoreactivity for epithelial membrane antigen and surfactant apoprotein antibodies. More than 6 years after open lung biopsy, the patient is well but small nodular shadows can still be identified.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01606898
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The morphological substrate of autonomic regulation of the bronchial epithelium (1993)
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 423 (1993), S. 469-476 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: Ciliary regulation ; Cytoskeleton ; Bronchial epithelium ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Observations of explanted bronchial mucosa show that ciliary function is maintained for 7 days subsequent to explantation. This finding demonstrates that non-neural mechanisms exist which regulate ciliary function. Ultrastructural and immunohistochemical studies both for light and electron microscopy were performed on human bronchial biopsy material and lung resection specimens in order to recognize the morphological substrate of this regulatory mechanism. A complex system of cytokeratin filaments and microtubules radiate through the whole cytoplasm of ciliated cells with direct contact to the nucleus, cilia, microvilli, desmosomes and to the apical terminal adhesive complex. Between the basal bodies and the apical terminal adhesive complex microfilaments can be found. In the apical cytoplasm a dense filamentary network is seen in association with the adhesive complex. These morphological findings indicate that the cytoskeleton of the bronchial epithelium plays a key role in the co-ordination of ciliary function.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01606537
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Muscle regeneration after exercise-induced myoglobinuria: An electron microscopic study (1993)
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 423 (1993), S. 91-95 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: Muscle regeneration ; Myonuclei ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Muscle regeneration was studied by light and electron microscopy in a case of exercise-induced acute myoglobinuria in a young patient with carnitinepalmityl-transferase deficiency. Various stages of regeneration existed in the foci of necrosis scattered throughout apparently normal muscle. Activated satellite cells, myoblasts and myotubes were found, some of them containing myofibrils. Among the cells accumulating in the necrotic fibres, some apparently contained surviving myonuclei. In some fibres of normal size, developing myofibrils were abundant. Surviving myonuclei may be of significance in the reaction of muscle cells after injury.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01606582
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    In vitro study of the bronchial mucosa duringPseudomonas aeruginosa infection (1993)
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 423 (1993), S. 39-43 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: Pseudomonas aeruginosa ; Bacterial adherence ; Bronchial mucosa ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The route of bacterial infection of the lower respiratory tract is generally one of descent subsequent to colonisation of the oral and oropharyngeal mucosa. The interaction betweenPseudomonas aeruginosa (wild type) and the bronchial epithelium was studied in bronchial mucosal probes cultured in tissue culture medium. It was possible to demonstrate that, even after loss of the mucus layer, adherence between the bacteria and the bronchial epithelium does not take place if ciliary function remains intact. Only after mechanical destruction of the bronchial epithelium, in proximity to squamous metaplasia or after loss or malfunction of the cilia of the bronchial epithelial cells was adhesion between bacteria and bronchial epithelial cells or basement membrane demonstrated by electron microscopy. After loss of the cilia following adenovirus-infection, adhesion betweenP. aeruginosa and the bronchial epithelial cells was visible. These results indicate that ciliary function must be of crucial significance in bacterial epithelial colonisation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01606430
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  • 11
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Parachordoma: An ultrastructural and immunohistochemical study (1993)
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 422 (1993), S. 239-245 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: Parachordoma ; Extraskeletal myxoid chondrosarcoma ; Chordoma ; Immunohistochemistry ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract A case of parachordoma of the left calf in a 19-year-old Chinese female is reported. The tumour showed multinodular growth pattern and consisted of round or oval tumour cells with abundant eosinophilic cytoplasm and myxoid matrix. Tumour cells formed small nests and sometimes showed concentric arrangement. Physaliferous-like cells and undifferentiated spindle cells were occasionally observed among the cell nests. The myxoid matrix was positive for high-iron diamine stain, indicating the presence of chondroitin 4- and 6- sulphates and keratan sulphate. Ultrastructurally, well-developed rough endoplasmic reticulum, abundant intermediate filaments, microvillous cytoplasmic processes, pinocytic vesicles, and desmosome-like junctional structures were found. Tumour cells were positive for S-100 protein and vimentin, but negative for cytokeratin, epithelial membrane antigen, carcinoembryonic antigen, and desmin. These results are consistent with the definition of parachordoma as a soft tissue neoplasm consisting of cells with histology and ultrastructure similar to those of chordoma cells but with immunohistochemistry similar to that of chondroid tumour cells.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01621808
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  • 12
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Post-irradiation bladder dysfunction: development of a rat model (1993)
    Springer
    Urological research 21 (1993), S. 383-388 
    Details
    ISSN: 1434-0879
    Keywords: Bladder dysfunction ; Electron microscopy ; Histology ; X-irradiation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The aim of this research was to establish a small animal model for the functional and morphological study of post-irradiation bladder dysfunction. Young adult female Wistar rats were X-irradiated with single doses of 10, 15, 20 or 25 Gy. Filling cystometry was performed to assess changes in reservoir function: the volume infused to produce a rise in intravesical pressure of 5 cmH2O was calculated as an index of compliance. A biphasic reduction in this index was noted in animals receiving 15–25 Gy; the first reduction developed at about 4 weeks, and the second started at 3–4 months and persisted at 6 months. Bladder tissue was taken at this time (6 months post-irradiation) for morphological study. Histological examination demonstrated an increased mast cell density in the irradiated bladders, but was otherwise non-specific; fibrosis was discernible in only half of the 18 animals studied. Electron microscopy showed focal degeneration of smooth muscle cells, and in some areas there was selective degeneration of unmyelinated axon profiles. The biphasic reduction in the compliance index is consistent with the timing of the symptoms of the acute and late irradiation reactions reported by radiotherapy patients. Changes in axon profiles and mast cell density may be of functional significance.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00300073
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  • 13
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Two bacteria causing farmer's lung: Fine structure ofThermoactinomyces vulgaris andSaccharopolyspora rectivirgula (1993)
    Springer
    Mycopathologia 121 (1993), S. 143-147 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-0832
    Keywords: Electron microscopy ; Farmer's lung ; Saccharopolyspora rectivirgula ; Thermoactinomyces vulgaris
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The fine structure ofThermoactinomyces vulgaris andSaccharopolyspora rectivirgula is described by transmission electron microscopy. These two bacteria are the most common microbes causing farmer's lung. The fine structure of hyphae, germination of endospores and the details of conidial wall layers ofT. vulgaris, as well as the fine structure of septate hypha and globose, polygonal conidia ofS. rectivirgula are described. The conidial wall ofT. vulgaris consisted of an inner multilayered spore coat, intermediate spore coat and outer spore coat. The findings are important for the investigations to find fragments of these bacteria in the lungs of exposed patients and experimental animals.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01104069
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  • 14
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Sensory nerve endings in the beak skin of Japanese quail (1993)
    Springer
    Anatomy and embryology 187 (1993), S. 131-138 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0568
    Keywords: Beak skin ; Quail ; Free nerve ending ; Merkel nerve ending ; Grandry corpuscle ; Herbst corpuscle ; Ruffini corpuscle ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary This study is concerned with the distribution and ultrastructure of sensory nerve endings in the beak skin of adult Japanese quail (Coturnix coturnix japonica). The following nerve endings were found: free nerve endings, clusters of dermal Merkel nerve endings, Herbst corpuscles and Ruffmi corpuscles. The latter were found only in the dermis of the tip of the upper beak. The remaining endings were present in the skin of all areas of upper and lower beak. Free nerve endings were supplied by either thin myelinated axons or unmyelinated C-fibers and were localized in the dermis close to the basal layer of the epidermis. Merkel cells formed clusters (up to 50) localized below and between the epidermal cones of the beak skin. Disc-shaped thickenings of nerve endings were squeezed between individual Merkel cells. Small Herbst corpuscles were found in the dermis close to the epidermal cones of the beak skin. Large Herbst corpuscles occurred in deep layers of the dermis. The Ruffmi corpuscles were cylindrical in shape (80 μm × 400 μm) and arranged in groups of up to ten corpuscles. Each corpuscle was surrounded by an incomplete fibrous capsule.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00171744
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  • 15
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Giant collagen plaques in Creutzfeld-Jakob disease (1993)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 85 (1993), S. 323-326 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Creutzfeld-Jakob disease ; Electron microscopy ; Giant collagen plaques
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary We report two cases of Creutzfeld-Jakob disease with clusters of giant collagen fibers. To our knowledge, these abnormally large collagen fibers have never been described in patients with degenerative diseases of the central nervous system. The significance of the formation of such plaque-like large collagen fibers has as yet not been elucidated. It is felt that these represent a product of the degenerative process.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00227729
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  • 16
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Giant axonopathy in streptozotocin diabetes of rats (1993)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 86 (1993), S. 42-48 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Streptozotocin diabetes ; Electron microscopy ; Giant axonopathy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The ultrastructure of peripheral sensory nerves was investigated in adult Wistar rats suffering from experimental diabetes mellitus 6 and 10 weeks after the injection of streptozotocin. Giant axons were seen in sections from the nerves of streptozotocintreated rats; some contained masses of neurofilaments, others were predominantly filled with ill-defined vesicles. At the swollen axons, the myelin sheath was thinned or absent. In other regions, large intramyelinic vacuoles were observed. A number of nerve fibers broke down completely and underwent Wallerian degeneration. This was accompanied by Schwann cell proliferation and formation of Büngner bands. Concomitantly with axonal degeneration, nerve regeneration started from intact internodes. The pathomorphology of streptozotocin diabetic neuropathy closely resembles that of some toxic distal axonopathies. This points to a common metabolic basis of giant axonopathies of different etiology.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00454897
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  • 17
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Pathological and experimental investigations in a case of gigantism (1993)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 85 (1993), S. 167-174 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Pituitary adenoma ; Gigantism ; Electron microscopy ; Immunocytochemistry ; Cell culture
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary A pituitary adenoma was transsphenoidally removed from a 4.5-year-old girl suffering from gigantism. Prior to the operation both the growth hormone (GH) and the prolactin (PRL) levels in the serum were elevated. By light microscopy the tumor appeared to be an acidophilic adenoma. Two distinct cell types, the densely granulated and the sparsely granulated cells, could be distinguished by electron microscopy. Double immunolabeling revealed the presence of GH alone in some densely granulated cells and PRL alone in some sparsely granulated cells, as well as GH and PRL co-localized in both of the morphologically distinguished cell types. Both cell types were identified in the monolayer and the suspension cultures by electron microscopy. GH and PRL concentrations in the culture media were measured by radioimmunoassay. The basal secretion of growth hormone was almost uniform during the 3-week cell culture period. GH and PRL release was significantly inhibited by bromocriptine. Our studies revealed a bimorphous and bihormonal mixed adenoma in childhood.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00227764
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  • 18
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Dialysis-associated encephalopathy: light and electron microscopic morphology and topography with evidence of aluminum by laser microprobe mass analysis (1993)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 86 (1993), S. 249-258 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Dialysis encephalopathy ; Aluminium ; Silver staining ; Laser microprobe ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Recently we described silver-staining variants for the demonstration of β/A4 amyloid and neurofibrillary tangles in senile dementia of Alzheimer type (SDAT). The same methods allowed, for the first time, the visualization of characteristical patterns and distinct morphological changes in human dialysis-associated encephalopathy. Light and electron microscopy demonstrated typical silver-stained inclusions in the cytoplasm of choroidal epithelium, glia and neurons. Performing laser microprobe mass analysis on en-bloc silver-stained semithin sections, evidence for significant amounts of aluminum was obtained within the lesions. Prominent aluminum-signals were obtained additionally in adjacent structures and nuclei of sections which were stained with toluidin-blue exclusively. Silver-stained paraffin sections of ten patients with a history of long-term hemodialysis were evaluated. The choroidal epithelium-obviously the most sensitive structure-showed black inclusions ranging from a few dots to a complete black staining of cells. Glial cells presented massive silver-stained deposits, which were restricted to the gray matter. Finally, neurons revealed numerous fine-granular black inclusions, scattered throughout the cytoplasm. Brain stem nuclei were primarily affected, but neurons within cortex, subcortical gray matter and spinal cord were also involved to various degrees; inclusions were not evident in the nucleus dentatus and the oliva inferior. Vessel-related deposits were found frequently. By electron microscopy the cytoplasm of neurons was filled either with large amounts of small electron-dense granules, or with lipofuscin granules, containing numerous irregular, non-membrane-bound inclusions. Massive electron-dense depositions were seen in the cytoplasm of choroidal epithelia and in proximity to nuclei of cortical astro- and oligodendroglia. The described neuronal changes and, in particular, alterations of choroidal epithelium and glia are completely different from characteristic plaques and tangles in SDAT.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00304139
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  • 19
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Detection of human papillomavirus type 2a DNA in verrucae vulgares by electron microscopic in situ hybridization (1993)
    Springer
    Archives of dermatological research 285 (1993), S. 255-260 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-069X
    Keywords: Human papillomavirus ; In situ hybridization ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Electron microscopic in situ hybridization (EMISH) of common warts (verrucae vulgares) of the hands was performed using a biotinylated human papillomavirus type 2a (HPV-2a) DNA probe and immunogold labelling of ultrathin sections of 2% glutaraldehyde-fixed, Lowicryl K4M-embedded tissues. It was first established that the warts contained HPV-2a DNA by light microscopic in situ hybridization. The HPV-2a probe chiefly labelled cells in the horny, granular and upper spinous layers of the epidermis, and labelling decreased towards the basal cell layer. The gold particles were located precisely on the viral particles in the nuclei of granular cells. The lower limit of detection by EMISH was found to be the keratinocytes of the third cellular layer above the basal cells. These keratinocytes showed evidence of a viral cytopathic effect, suggesting that vegetative DNA replication in infected keratinocytes occurs at least as early as this level of the epidermis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00371593
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  • 20
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Electron microscopy of calcification during high-density suspension culture of chondrocytes (1993)
    Springer
    Calcified tissue international 53 (1993), S. 127-134 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Keywords: Chondrocytes ; High-density suspension culture ; Electron microscopy ; Matrix vesicle ; Apatite formation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Physics
    Notes: Summary Chondrocyte cultures grown in centrifuge tubes with intermittent centrifugation differentiate into hypertrophic chondrocytes and form calcification. We examined chondrocytes cultured in this system electron microscopically. Rat growth-plate chondrocytes were seeded in a plastic centrifuge tube and cultured in the presence of Eagle's minimum essential medium supplemented with 10% fetal bovine serum and 50 μg of ascorbic acid per ml. Specimens were examined by using electron microscopy and selected-area electron-diffraction techniques. In the early stage of culture, a few chondrocytes were scattered and extracellular matrices were not observed. In the middle stage of the cultures, the chondrocytes resembled proliferative cells. Matrix vesicles appeared to be budding from the cell surfaces of chondrocytes and were observed sparsely in the extracellular matrices, which were well formed around the chondrocytes. Matrix vesicles increased substantially during the following cultures. In the mature stage of the cultures, crystal formation related to matrix vesicles was observed. In the 33-day cultures, several masses of calcified matrix were formed and it was confirmed to be apatite by selected-area electron diffraction analysis. The chondrocytes appeared hypertrophic during this same stage. The 56-day culture was similar to the 33-day culture. It was concluded that this culture system provides an extracellular-matrix mineralization which is produced by chondrocytes per se.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01321891
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  • 21
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Cellular location, activity states, and macromolecular organization of glucoamylase in Clostridium thermosaccharolyticum (1993)
    Springer
    Archives of microbiology 160 (1993), S. 284-287 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Keywords: Bacterial glucoamylase ; Clostridium thermosacharolyticum ; Cellular location ; Activity states ; Macromolecular organization ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract By application of immunocytochemical techniques at the electron microscope level, glucoamylase was localized to the cell periphery in Clostridium thermosaccharolyticum during and following growth on starch, sucrose or glucose. Levels of immunolabelling were found to be relatively independent of growth substrate and of phase of growth, whereas previous studies had demonstrated strong dependence of glucoamylase activity on growth conditions; previously high levels of glucoamylase activity had been detected after growth on starch (i.e. during the stationary phase after growth) and only very low activities detected during exponential growth and following growth on glucose. The results presented demonstrate that levels of the glucoamylase protein are independent of measurable enzyme activity, and imply that the protein is constitutive. This indicates that the protein can exist in active and inactive states in the cell. By analogy with similar systems, we consider it likely that “maturation” or “activation” of newly synthesized glucoamylase occurs during (or following) transport through the cytoplasmic membrane. Electron microscopy of individual protein molecules which had been subjected to negative staining revealed that the enzyme consists of two domains of approximately equal size which are linked by a “hinge” region.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00292078
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  • 22
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ultrastructural localization of cellular compartments involved in secretion of the low molecular weight, alkaline xylanase by Trichoderma reesei (1993)
    Springer
    Archives of microbiology 159 (1993), S. 417-422 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Keywords: Trichoderma reesei ; Xylanase ; Ultrastructural localization ; Immunogold labelling ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The intracellular location of the “low-molecular weight, alkaline” xylanase (XYN II) of Trichoderma reesei RUT C-30 was investigated during growth on xylan, using immunoelectron microscopy. A monoclonal antibody, produced against XYN II, was used for this purpose. The enzyme was found at the endoplasmic reticulum and in electron dense 0.2 to 0.8 μm vesicles, as well as in the vacuole, at the plasma membrane and in the fungal cell-wall. No staining occured in the cytoplasm, the mitochondria and the nucleus. No Golgi-like structures could be seen. Addition of the carboxylic ionophore monensin blocked xylanase as well as total protein secretion. The results are discussed with respect to XYN II being secreted by T. reesei via a pathway involving the endoplasmic reticulum and secretory vesicles and/or the vacuole.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00288587
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  • 23
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The malonate decarboxylase enzyme system of Malonomonas rubra: evidence for the cytoplasmic location of the biotin-containing component (1993)
    Springer
    Archives of microbiology 160 (1993), S. 126-131 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Keywords: Malonomonas rubra ; Propionigenium modestum ; Malonate decarboxylase ; Methylmalonyl-CoA decarboxylase ; Biotin ; Avidin ; Electron microscopy ; High pressure freezing ; Immunolabeling
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Malonate decarboxylase of Malonomonas rubra is a complex enzyme system involving cytoplasmic and membrane-bound components. One of these is a biotin-containing protein of Mr 120'000, the location of which in the cytoplasm was deduced from the following criteria: (i) If the cytoplasm was incubated with avidin and the malonate decarboxylase subsequently completed with the membrane fraction the decarboxylase activity was abolished. The corresponding incubation of the membrane with avidin, however, was without effect. (ii) Western blot analysis identified the single biotin-containing polypeptide of Mr 120'000 within the cytoplasm. (iii) Transmission electron micrographs of immuno-gold labeled M. rubra cells clearly showed the location of the biotinyl protein within the cytoplasm, whereas the same procedure with Propionigenium modestum cells indicated the location of the biotin enzyme methylmalonyl-CoA decarboxylase in the cell membrane. The biotin-containing protein of the M. rubra malonate decarboxylase enzyme system was not retained by monomeric avidin-Sepharose columns but could be isolated with this column in a catalytically inactive form in the presence of detergents. If the high binding affinity of tetrameric avidin towards biotin was reduced by destructing part of the tryptophan residues by irradiation or oxidation with periodate, the inhibition of malonate decarboxylase by the modified avidin was partially reversed with an excess of biotin. Attempts to purify the biotin protein in its catalytically active state using modified avidin columns were without success.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00288714
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  • 24
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ultrastructure of Bacillus pulvifaciens (1993)
    Springer
    Archives of microbiology 159 (1993), S. 114-118 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Keywords: Bacillus pulvifaciens ; Vegetative cells ; Spotes ; Ultrastructure ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The ultrastructure of vegetative cells and spores of Bacillus pulvifaciens was studied by CTEM and SEM methods. The vegetative cells are rods, 1.6–4.5 μm long and 0.4–0.6 μm wide, exhibiting typical ultrastructural features of Gram-positive bacteria. The spores are of ellipsoidal shape, 0.6×1.2 μm in size, with six longitudinal ribs reaching up to 130 nm in height. There are satelite ribs on both sides of the longitudinal ribs, reaching up to 20 nm in height. Between the longitudinal ribs, additional transversal ribs were observed in SEM. A special tubular layer, separating the outer and inner coat of the spores, was revealed in ultrathin sections. This layer seems to be a typical ultrastructural feature of Bacillus pulvifaciens spores.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00250269
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  • 25
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of medium composition on the ultrastructure of Lactobacillus strains (1993)
    Springer
    Archives of microbiology 160 (1993), S. 132-136 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Keywords: Lactobacillus ; Medium composition ; Metal cations ; Electron microscopy ; Protoplast-like forms
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The growth of some locally isolated Lactobacillus strains forming D(-) or L(+) lactic acid, Lactobacillus helveticus ATCC 15009 and Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus ATCC 11842 was examined in different media. L. helveticus and Lactobacillus LBL strains formed atypical protoplast-like cells in LAPT medium, sensitive to SDS and proteinase. Specific morphological changes in the cell wall structure of these variants were revealed by transmission and scanning electron microscopy. The effect of glucose and various salts on their appearance was investigated. The prevalent role of metal cations, especially of Mg2+, was established.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00288715
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  • 26
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Development of quasi-multicellular bodies of Treponema denticola (1993)
    Springer
    Archives of microbiology 160 (1993), S. 206-213 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Keywords: Treponema denticola ; Spirochetes ; Ultrastructure ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The formation of quasi-multicellular bodies of Treponema denticola was analysed using different electron microscopical methods. These bacteria could develop four different conformations: (i) normal helical forms; (ii) twisted spirochetes, forming plaits; (iii) twisted spirochetes, forming club-like structures; (iv) spherical bodies in different size. Treponemes within spherical bodies, plaits, and clubs proved to be enclosed in a common outer sheath in which the normal arrangement of their axial flagella was lost. The development of the quasi-multicellular bodies starting from the monoforme spirochetes was elucidated and this morphogenetic process is illustrated by a schematic drawing. Factors which might be involved in the induction of the structures are discussed and their possible pathogenetic importance is considered.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00249126
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  • 27
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ultrastructure of the taste disc in the red-bellied toad Bombina orientalis (Discoglossidae, Salientia) (1993)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 272 (1993), S. 59-70 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Sensory cells ; Taste organ ; Electron microscopy ; Bombina orientalis, Rana pipiens (Anura)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The taste disc of the red-bellied toad Bombina orientalis (Discoglossidae) has been investigated by light and electron microscopy and compared with that of Rana pipiens (Ranidae). Unlike the frog, B. orientalis possesses a disc-shaped tongue that cannot be ejected for capture of prey. The taste discs are located on the top of fungiform papillae. They are smaller than those in Ranidae, and are not surrounded by a ring of ciliated cells. Ultrastructurally, five types of cells can be identified (mucus cells, wing cells, sensory cells, and both Merkel cell-like basal cells and undifferentiated basal cells). Mucus cells are the main secretory cells of the taste disc and occupy most of the surface area. Their basal processes do not synapse on nerve fibers. Wing cells have sheet-like apical processes and envelop the mucus cells. They contain lysosomes and multivesicular bodies. Two types of sensory cells reach the surface of the taste disc; apically, they are distinguished by either a brush-like arrangement of microvilli or a rod-like protrusion. They are invaginated into lateral folds of mucus cells and wing cells. In contrast to the situation in R. pipiens, sensory cells of B. orientalis do not contain dark secretory granules in the perinuclear region. Synaptic connections occur between sensory cells (presynaptic sites) and nerve fibers. Merkel cell-like basal cells do not synapse onto sensory cells, but synapse-like connections exist between Merkel cell-like basal cells (presynaptic site) and nerve fibers.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00323571
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  • 28
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Neural structures in the receptive field of pleural ganglion mechanosensory neurons of Aplysia californica (1993)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 273 (1993), S. 487-497 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Neurons ; Immunofluorescence ; Tubulin ; Electron microscopy ; Chemoreceptors ; Mechanoreceptors ; Aplysia californica (Mollusca)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The peripheral processes of the mechanoafferents that, when stimulated, initiate the much-studied tail withdrawal reflex of Aplysia californica have not been characterized. We show that immunofluorescence staining for class III β-tubulin highlights neurons and reveals nerve tracts and fine neuronal processes in Aplysia tissue. Coupled with transmission and scanning electron microscopy, class III β-tubulin immunofluorescence is consistent with the possibility that mechanoafferents in the receptive field of pleural ganglion mechanosensory neurons penetrate the tail epidermis and terminate as ciliated endings. This view is reinforced by comparisons among neuronal processes in several mechanosensory epidermal regions and in a chemosensory epidermis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00333703
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  • 29
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Isolated brush cells of the rat stomach retain their structural polarity (1993)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 271 (1993), S. 47-57 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Brush cells ; Cell isolation ; Stomach ; Polarity ; Light microscopy ; Electron microscopy ; Rat (Wistar)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The brush cells (BC) are highly polarized elements occurring in epithelia of endodermal origin. They have a preferential topographical distribution in the organs in which they reside. In the stomach of the rat, BC prevail near the transitional zone separating the forestomach from the glandular stomach. Thus, a method was developed to isolate and recover BC from this organ with the aim of investigating the changes they may undergo after dissociation. Strips of the rat stomach were severed from the very proximal border of the glandular region and incubated in Hanks' balanced salt solution containing pronase. After sedimentation of the dissociated cells (crude sediment containing all stomach epithelial cell types) two successive cell fractions were prepared on preformed Percoll gradient in an attempt to enrich BC in a defined layer. BC were recovered in a fraction at a density close to 1.03 g/ml where they represented about 2% of all cells. The isolated BC changed their form from columnar to pear-shaped; however, they maintained their structural polarity over 2 h as demonstrated by light microscopy, transmission-and scanning-electron microscopy. The fine structure of BC was always satisfactorily preserved. Maintenance of the structural polarity of isolated BC is contrary to the general rule according to which all conventional epithelial cells examined to date lose their polarity after isolation. This result is discussed in relation to morphological findings in isolated sensory cells (hair cells, photoreceptor cells) leading to the suggestion that BC are more similar to these than to conventional epithelial cells.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00297540
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  • 30
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Cathodoluminescence-emitting lipid droplets in rat testis: a study by analytical color fluorescence electron microscopy (1993)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 271 (1993), S. 217-225 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Testis ; Electron microscopy ; Cathodoluminescence ; Lipid droplets ; Cholesterol esters ; Vitamin A esters ; Rat (Wistar)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Cathodoluminescence (CL) from lipid droplets (LDs) in the rat testis was examined by analytical color fluorescence electron microscopy. The results show that (1) the Cl at wavelengths of 320 nm (CL320) and 450 nm (CL450) is derived from cholesterol esters and a mixture of lipids including vitamin A esters, respectively; (2) CL320 in the LDs of Leydig cells sharply decreases on postnatal day 21, while CL320 and CL450 in the LDs of Sertoli cells begin to be detectable; (3) the CL450-emitting LDs in seminiferous tubules, whose distributional patterns display cyclic changes during the spermatogenic cycle, are involved in spermatogenesis; and (4) the intensity of CL as well as the distributional patterns of CL-emitting LDs in testicular cells change after hypophysectomy, vitamin-A deficiency, and treatment with ethylene dimethane sulfonate and testosterone propionate. This study demonstrates that analytical color fluorescence electron microscopy is a useful tool for in-vivo observation of some specific compounds which cannot be visualized by other methods.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00318608
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  • 31
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Modulation of galanin and neuromedin U-like immunoreactivity in rat corticotropes after alteration of endocrine status (1993)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 272 (1993), S. 137-146 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Pituitary ; Galanin ; Neuromedin-U ; Corticotropes ; Immunocytochemistry ; Electron microscopy ; Plasticity ; Rat (Wistar)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The localization of galanin in rat lactotropes and human corticotropes is well established. Neuromedin U immunoreactivity is present in rat corticotropes but radioimmunoassay of thyroid-manipulated rat pituitaries has also linked it to the thyroid axis. We found galanin immunoreactivity in some rat corticotropes, so we have re-examined rat anterior pituitary galanin- and neuromedin U-like immunoreactivity by use of immunocytochemistry and electron microscopy in rats in the normal state and after estrogen administration or adrenalectomy. In normal rats galanin immunoreactivity was present in a few corticotropes and lactotropes, females showing more than males; neuromedin U-like immunoreactivity was present in some thyrotropes and most corticotropes, in both sexes. Where galanin, neuromedin U and ACTH immunoreactivities were colocalized in corticotropes they were present in the same granules. Estrogen administration caused an increase in number of galanin immunoreactive lactotropes, as previously shown. The proportion of neuromedin U-positive corticotropes was not affected. After adrenalectomy, only females showed a significant increase in the proportion of galanin-positive corticotropes. Neuromedin U immunoreactivity was significantly increased in both sexes, as previously shown. Thus, in rat, as in man, galanin can be present in corticotropes and its expression appears to be sexrelated. This finding, and the demonstration of thyrotrope neuromedin U (only examined in normal females), provide correlation with previous experiments. The influence of endocrine status on the expression of these novel peptides underlines the inherent plasticity of pituitary endocrine cells.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00323579
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  • 32
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Endothelial cell connecting filaments anchor endothelial cells to the subjacent elastic lamina in the developing aortic intima of the mouse (1993)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 272 (1993), S. 211-219 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Aorta ; Endothelium ; Anchoring filaments ; Microfibrils ; Elastin ; Electron microscopy ; Mouse (C57/BL)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The ultrastructural association of endothelial cells with the subjacent elastic lamina was investigated in the developing mouse aorta by electron microscopy. In the 5-day postnatal aorta, extensive filament bundles extend along the subendothelial matrix connecting the endothelial cells to the underlying elastic lamina. The connecting filaments form lateral associations with the abluminal surface of the endothelial cells in regions of membrane occupied by membrane-associated dense plaques. On the intracellular face of each plaque, the termini of stress fibers penetrate and anchor to the cell membrane in alignment with the extracellular connecting filaments. Both the stress fibers and the connecting filaments are oriented parallel to the longitudinal axis of the vessel. High magnification electron micrographs of individual endothelial cell connecting filaments reveal features similar to those of elastin-associated microfibrils. Each connecting filament consists of a 9–10 nm linear core with an electron-lucent center and peripheral spike-like projections. From the filaments, small thread-like extensions span laterally, linking the filaments into a loose bundle and anchoring them to the endothelial cell membrane and the surface of the elastic lamina. The filaments also appear heavily coated with electron-dense material; often with some degree of periodicity along the filament length. During development, the number of endothelial cell connecting filaments decreases as the elastic lamina expands and the subendothelial matrix is reduced. In the aortic intima of mature mice, the elastic lamina is closely apposed to the abluminal surface of the endothelial cell and no connecting filaments are seen. These observations suggest that endothelial cell connecting filaments are developmental features of the aortic intima which, together with the intracellular stress fibers, aid to maintain the structural integrity of the endothelial cell layer during development by providing the cells with protection from intraluminal shear forces.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00302726
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  • 33
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Structure-activity relationships in corpora allata of the cockroach Diploptera punctata: roles of mating and the ovary (1993)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 274 (1993), S. 279-293 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Corpora allata ; Electron microscopy ; Morphometry ; Ovariectomy ; Juvenile hormone ; Cockroach, Diploptera punctata (Insecta)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Morphometric studies were made on corpora allata of the cockroach Diploptera punctata from animals in which increasing gland size is not coupled to hormone synthesis (ovariectomized mated females; last-instar larvae) and in which gland size is coupled to hormone synthesis (normal mated and virgin females; penultimate-instar larvae). Cell number, gland volume, and juvenile hormone synthesis were measured. From electron micrographs, nuclear, cytoplasmic, and extracellular volumes; and cell membrane area were calculated; and fine structure described. Low-activity glands of ovariectomized mated females resembled high-activity glands from mated females in high cell number, large overall and cytoplasmic volume, and low nuclear-cytoplasmic ratio; they differed in having organelles typical of low-activity glands, mitochondria with dense matrices and large whorls of smooth endoplasmic reticulum. Inactive lastinstar larval glands resembled mated ovariectomized, female glands in increased cell number and organelles characteristic of inactive glands; however, their nuclearcytoplasmic volume ratio was much higher. Penultimate cytoplasmic volume ratio was much higher. Penultimate larval glands with high activity per cell resembled active glands of normal mated females. Ovariectomy did not change morphometric parameters of virgin female glands; thus mating results in increase in size of adult female glands whereas the growing ovary is needed for changes in mitochondria and endoplasmic reticulum associated with high juvenile hormone synthesis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00318747
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  • 34
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Scanning and transmission electron-microscopic study of peripolar cells in the newborn lamb kidney (1993)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 274 (1993), S. 597-604 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Peripolar cells ; Juxtaglomerular apparatus ; Cytoplasmic granules ; Exocytosis ; Electron microscopy ; Sheep, newborn
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Scanning and transmission electron microscopy were used to study the ultrastructural characteristics and positions of granulated peripolar cells in newborn lamb kidney. Following tissue fixation by vascular perfusion in situ, the vascular pole region of the glomerulus was exposed for examination by scanning electron micoscopy following removal of the glomerular tuft. Peripolar cells were recognized by their surface morphology enabling their quantification and an assessment of the relationship of their position in the renal cortex. The prominent expression of peripolar cells in this species was confirmed. Almost every vascular pole examined revealed peripolar cells (405 out of 407; 99.5%) and thus, throughout the cortex, the distribution of peripolar cells was the same as the distribution of renal corpuscles. Larger, more protruding peripolar cells were observed in the outer cortical renal corpuscles. The numbers of peripolar cells encircling each vascular pole ranged from 1 to 10. There was no correlation between number of granulated peripolar cells at the vascular pole and the position of the renal corpuscle within the renal cortex. As viewed by transmission electron microscopy, organelles of protein synthesis were abundant in the cytoplasm of peripolar cells. Exocytosis of cytoplasmic granules was observed by both scanning and transmission electron microscopy implying that a process of regulative secretion occurs from these cells. The use of ultrastrural techniques has provided evidence supporting the concept that peripolar cells are prominent in the cuff region of each renal corpuscle of the newborn lamb and further-more that peripolar cells in this species most likely have a secretory function.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00314558
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  • 35
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Collagen fibrillogenesis in a three-dimensional fibroblast cell culture system (1993)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 273 (1993), S. 571-575 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Collagen fibril ; Three dimensional cell culture ; Ascorbate ; Aminopropeptide, type I ; Aminopropeptide, type III ; Electron microscopy ; Immunoelectron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The purpose of this study was to follow collagen fibril formation in a newly developed three dimensional cell culture system. Human neonatal foreskin fibroblasts were grown on a nylon mesh in Dulbecco's Modified Eagles Medium (DMEM) supplemented with 10% fetal calf serum and antibiotics. Fibrillogenesis was initiated by the addition of 50 micrograms/ml ascorbate to confluent cultures. Sample meshes were processed for electron microscopy or immuno-electron microscopy. Fibrils ≈20–30 nm in diameter, with 67 nm periodicity, were first detected five days after the addition of ascorbate. As cultures progressed, cells organized into parallel layers between which collagen fibers continued to form and increase in diameter. By day 50, fiber diameter ranged from 30 to 80 nm and large bundles were seen. No collagen fibril formation occurred in control cultures to which no ascorbate was added. However, large amounts of microfibrils were observed. Antibodies against the aminopropeptide of type I procollagen were found to bind to fibrils with diameters less than 34 nm while antibodies against the aminopropeptide of type III collagen bound primarily to fibers which ranged from 35–54 nm in diameter. We believe that this system, which morphologically resembles a normal dermis, will werve as an excellent model for the study of collagen fibrillogenesis.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00333710
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  • 36
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Some horizontal cells of the bovine retina receive input synapses in the inner plexiform layer (1993)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 272 (1993), S. 447-457 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Horizontal cells ; Calcium-binding protein ; Synaptie input ; Inner plexiform layer ; Immunoreactivity ; Electron microscopy ; Bovine
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Bovine retinae were stained immunocytochemically with antibodies against the calcium-binding protein, calbindin. Horizontal cells in the outer plexiform layer were heavily labelled. The processes of most horizontal cells were confined to the level of the outer plexiform layer, and the tips of their dendrites were positioned as the lateral elements of the cone triads, viz. the usual mammalian arrangement. However, some of the horizontal cells had additional thick processes descending to branch within the inner plexiform layer, where they were postsynaptic at bipolar cell dyads and where they also received input from amacrine cells. No output synapses of horizontal cells were observed in the inner plexiform layer.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00318551
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  • 37
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Basic fibroblast growth factor-like immunoreactivity in the rat trigeminal sensory system and peri-oral skin with vibrissae (1993)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 272 (1993), S. 417-427 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Basic fibroblast growth factor ; Trigeminal ganglion ; Immunohistochemistry ; Electron microscopy ; In situ hybridization histochemistry ; Vibrissae ; Hair ; Rat (Wistar)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract We have characterized an antiserum against basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) by immunoblot, investigated the location of bFGF-like immunoreactivity (bFGF-IR) in the trigeminal sensory system and perioral skin endowed with vibrissae, and demonstrated the site of bFGF mRNA expression in the vibrissae by in situ hybridization histochemistry. Light-microscopic immunohistochemistry has demonstrated that bFGF-IR is present not only in trigeminal ganglion neurons and their central and peripheral processes, but also in cells of the matrix, external root sheath and papillae of vibrissae and the stratum basale of the stratified squamous epithelium of the skin. Electron microscopy has revealed intense bFGF-IR mainly in cytoplasmic regions, other than the lumen of rough endoplasmic reticulum and the Golgi apparatus, in trigeminal ganglion neurons, in fibroblast-like cells in the papillae, and in capsules of vibrissae. In contrast, actively proliferating and/or differentiating cells in the matrix of vibrissae have intensely stained euchromatin and weakly labeled cytoplasm that, unlike that of the aforementioned cells, contain immunoreaction products in discrete spots less than 100 nm in diameter, implying the generation of different molecular forms of bFGF in cells of the matrix and papillae. Moreover, the accumulation of bFGF in the euchromatin appears to take place in cells at non-mitotic stages (possibly interphases), characterized by a conspicuous nucleolus and well-developed nuclear envelope. A digoxigenin-labeled cRNA probe for the demonstration of bFGF mRNA gives conspicuous hybridization signals mainly in the matrix of vibrissae. These findings suggest that bFGF is involved in the growth and differentiation of matrix cells during certain periods of the cell cycle and that it acts as a non-mitogenic mediator in the adult trigeminal sensory system.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00318548
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    Electronic Resource
    Evidence that an extrahypothalamic pituitary corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH)/adrenocorticotropin (ACTH) system controls adrenal growth and secretion in rats (1993)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 272 (1993), S. 439-445 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Adrenal growth ; CRH ; ACTH ; Hypophysectomy ; Electron microscopy ; Rat (Wistar)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Within two weeks, hypophysectomy induced in rats a striking decrease in the level of circulating ACTH (the concentration of which was at the limit of sensitivity of our assay system), coupled with a net reduction in the plasma corticosterone concentration and an evident adrenal atrophy. Zona fasciculata, the main producer of glucocorticoids, was decreased in volume, due to a lowering in both the number and average volume of its parenchymal cells. Subcutaneous ACTH infusion (0.1 pmol·min-1), administered during the last week following hypophysectomy, restored the normal blood level of ACTH and completely reversed all effects of hypophysectomy on the adrenals. Subcutaneous infusion for one week with α-helical-CRH or corticotropin-inhibiting peptide (1 nmol·min-1), which are competitive inhibitors of CRH and ACTH, evoked a further significant lowering of plasma corticosterone concentration and markedly enhanced adrenal atrophy in hypophysectomized rats. These findings strongly suggest that an extrahypothalamic pituitary CRH/ACTH system may be involved in the maintenance of the growth and steroidogenic secretory activity of the rat adrenal cortex.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00318550
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  • 39
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Serotoninergic innervation of the alimentary canal of the Colorado potato beetle, Leptinotarsa decemlineata: structural and functional aspects (1993)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 273 (1993), S. 475-485 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Serotonin ; Alimentary canal, insect ; Stomatogastric neryous system ; Immunohistochemistry ; Bioassay ; Electron microscopy ; Leptinotarsa decemlineata (Insecta)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Immunohistochemical studies showed that the alimentary canal of Leptinotarsa decemlineata receives serotoninergic innervation from different neurons in the central and stomatogastric nervous system. The foregut is innervated by the frontal ganglion. Four of the 6–8 large neurons present in this ganglion have axons which run to the musculature of the oesophagus, crop, sphincter, and frontal area of the midgut. They are accompanied by axons from neurons in the suboesophageal ganglion, and by axons from as yet unidentified non-immunoreactive neurons in thebrain and/or the ventral nerve cord. The posterior part of the midgut is essentially devoid of serotoninergic innervation. The hindgut is innervated by two large neurons in the caudal tip of the last abdominal ganglion. The axons always run to the circular and longitudinal muscles of the crop, the circular muscles of the sphincter, and the longitudinal muscles of the hindgut. Immunohistochemical electron microscopy suggests that exocytosis of the immuno-labelled vesicles may occur at some distance from the muscle fibres, implying a neurohormonal release of this neurochemical. A bioassay used to demonstrate the type of effect of serotonin on isolated hindguts in vitro, indicated a clear inhibitory effect on spontaneous contractions at concentrations of 10-8–10-5 M. This effect was dose-dependent. Axons found in association with the cryptonephridial system on the hindgut might be involved in the control of diuresis although we have not tested this possibility experimentally.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00333702
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  • 40
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Diffuse serotoninergic neurohemal systems associated with cerebral and suboesophageal nerves in the head of the Colorado potato beetle Leptinotarsa decemlineata (1993)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 273 (1993), S. 327-333 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Serotonin (5-HT) ; Neurohemal systems ; Immunohistochemistry ; Electron microscopy ; Targeted release ; Leptinotarsa decemlineata (Insecta)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract We analyzed the anatomy of two diffuse neurohemal systems for serotonin in the head of the Colorado potato beetle Leptinotarsa decemlineata by means of immunohistochemistry. One system is formed by axons from two bilateral pairs of neurons in the frontal margin of the suboesophageal ganglion that enter the ipsilateral mandibular nerve, emerge from this nerve at some distance from the suboesophageal ganglion, and cover all branches of the mandibular nerve with a dense plexus of immunoreactive axon swellings. The other system is formed by axons from two large neurons in the frontal ganglion that enter the ipsilateral frontal connectives, emerge from these connectives, and form a network of axon swellings on the labroforntal, pharyngeal, and antennal nerves and on the surface of the frontal ganglion. Immunohistochemical electron microscopy demonstrated that the axon swellings are located outside the neural sheaths of the nerves and hence in close contact with the hemolymph. We therefore suggest that these plexuses represent extensive neurohemal systems for serotonin. Most immunoreactive terminals are in direct contact with the hemolymph, and other terminals are closely associated with the muscles of the mandibles, labrum, and anterior pharynx, as well as with the salivary glands, indicating that these organs are under serotoninergic control.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00312835
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  • 41
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Association of two barley yellow mosaic virus (RNA 2) encoded proteins with cytoplasmic inclusion bodies revealed by immunogold localisation (1993)
    Springer
    Protoplasma 173 (1993), S. 113-122 
    Details
    ISSN: 1615-6102
    Keywords: Barley yellow mosaic virus ; Cytoplasmic inclusion bodies ; Electron microscopy ; Hordeum vulgare ; Immunogold labeling ; RNA 2-encoded proteins
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Antisera were raised against the RNA 2-encoded proteins of 28 kDa and 70 kDa of barley yellow mosaic virus (BaYMV) by using the corresponding cDNA sequences of a German isolate for protein overexpression inEscherichia coli BL 21 and subsequent purification. The proposed processing of a 98 kDa precursor polyprotein encoded by the long open reading frame of RNA 2 to two proteins of 28 kDa and 70 kDa could be confirmed by immunoprecipitation of the in vitro transcribed and translated cDNA-clone of RNA 2 and Western blot analysis of fragmentated protein extracts of BaYMV-infected winter barley plants. In situ localisation studies of infected leaf tissue using immunogold labeling techniques for electron microscopy revealed that both viral proteins of BaYMV (RNA 2) were associated with the crystal-like cytoplasmic inclusion bodies. No other parts of the cells and no other inclusions (pinwheelstructures or aggregated virus particles) showed any gold labeling when the 28 kDa and 70 kDa antisera were used. We suppose that both RNA 2-encoded proteins take part in the formation of the crystal-like cytoplasmic inclusion bodies which are the most dominant structures in the cytoplasm of BaYMV-infected tissue. Possible functions of the 28 kDa and 70 kDa protein of BaYMV (RNA 2) are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01379000
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  • 42
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ultrastructural studies of the termite (Odontotermes obesus) gut microflora and its cellulolytic properties (1993)
    Springer
    World journal of microbiology and biotechnology 9 (1993), S. 108-112 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-0972
    Keywords: Electron microscopy ; celluloytic microorganisms ; termite gut
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Abstract The major gut microflora colonizing the hind gut of a higher termite,Odontotermes obesus, included morphologically diverse bacteria, both coccoid and rod-shaped, along with spirochaetes, pseudomonads and actinomycetes. Flagellated protozoa were totally absent. When the gut extract was inoculated on plates containing carboxymethyl cellulose or cellobiose, higher numbers of bacteria grew than on plates without cellulosic sources. The gut homogenate exhibited strong hydrolytic activity when carboxymethyl cellulose,p-nitrophenyl-β-d-glucoside or xylan were used as substrate, indicating the role of gut microbiota in the process of cellulose and hemicellulose digestion. Activities were highest in the hind gut, and the paunch was probably the major site of polysaccharide digestion in this higher termite.In vitro cultivation of some of the isolates revealed both cellulase and xylanase activities. To our knowledge, this is the first report on ultrastructural studies of the higher termiteOdontotermes obesus.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00656529
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  • 43
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Morphological appearances of human lens epithelial cells in culture (1993)
    Springer
    Documenta ophthalmologica 84 (1993), S. 351-363 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-2622
    Keywords: Cell culture ; Electron microscopy ; Human lens epithelium ; Morphology
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract A system for culturing human lens epithelial cells in the laboratory was developed. The morphological appearances of the cells was studied using phase contrast, scanning and transmission electron microscopy. Cell marker studies using monoclonal antibodies to cyto-keratin, vimentin and epithelial membrane antigen were also performed. There was a marked increase in cell size as a function of time in culture. After 3 to 4 weeks cells showed early signs of ageing. By 6 to 8 weeks the majority of the cells had become very irregular in shape and demonstrated irregularities of the plasma membrane and intra-cytoplasmic vacuole formation. The cells stained strongly for vimentin and epithelial membrane antigen. Staining with cytokeratin was somewhat weaker. This culture technique provides us with a suitable model for studying the growth behavior of these cells.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01215449
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  • 44
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Synovial sarcoma of the hypopharynx in an 11-year-old boy: treatment by partial snpraglottic laryngopharyngectomy (1993)
    Springer
    European archives of oto-rhino-laryngology and head & neck 249 (1993), S. 499-502 
    Details
    ISSN: 1434-4726
    Keywords: Hypopharynx-Synovial sarcoma ; Supraglottic laryngopharyngectomy ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Synovial sarcoma in an extra-articular location is a very rare tumor, particularly in relation to childhood tumors. We report our experiences with an 11-year-old boy who suffered from swallowing difficulties caused by a polypoid tumor of the hypopharynx. Biopsy demonstrated a fusocellular carcinoma, while the epithelial components showed cytokeratin and neuron-specific enolase positivity. A correct final diagnosis could only be established by the histology of the surgical preparation following partial laryngopharyngectomy. The presence of spindle cells associated with glandular-like ones proved the synovial character of the tumor. The spindle cells were negative for epithelial marker but were positive for vimentin. S-100 protein positivity could only be demonstrated in the nerve elements encapsulated in the tumor. Ultrastructural examinations confirmed the presence of the different cell types. The spindle cells were rich in intermediate fibers, as demonstrated by electron microscopy.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00168865
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  • 45
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The cochlear glomeruli in the modiolus of the guinea pig (1993)
    Springer
    European archives of oto-rhino-laryngology and head & neck 250 (1993), S. 44-50 
    Details
    ISSN: 1434-4726
    Keywords: Cochlear glomeruli ; Guinea pig ; Corrosion casting ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The cochlear glomeruli were studied in guinea pigs using scanning electron microscopy of vascular corrosion casts and transmission electron microscopy of tissue sections. Two types of coiled vessels forming the cochlear glomeruli were found in the bony wall of the modiolus. First, upper glomeruli were seen situated in the bony wall next to the scala vestibuli; second, lower glomeruli were located in the osseous spiral lamina just above the spiral ganglion. Upper glomeruli gave rise to radiating arterioles which supplied capillaries of the stria vascularis, while lower glomeruli fed the capillaries of the spiral lamina and limbus. Unlike the main supplying arteries, smooth muscle cells were not present in the walls of the arterioles forming the glomeruli and a peculiar layer of lamellar pericytes was found. The arterioles were strikingly longer than their parent vessels and no autonomic nerves were found in close spatial relationship. Hence, these findings indicate that the cochlear glomeruli serve as efficient devices for reducing cochlear blood pressure.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00176948
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  • 46
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Electron and fluorescence microscopic investigations on composition and structure of the epithelial basement membrane of the human inferior nasal concha (1993)
    Springer
    European archives of oto-rhino-laryngology and head & neck 250 (1993), S. 401-407 
    Details
    ISSN: 1434-4726
    Keywords: Basement membrane ; Nasal concha ; Nasal mucosa ; Electron microscopy ; Immunofluorescence
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Light and electron microscopic as well as immunohistochemical investigations were performed on the basement membrane (BM) of the nasal mucosa from the inferior nasal conchae of 20 patients, aged 15–50 years. Two of the patients served as controls. Clinical disorders requiring the turbinectomies were hyperplastic nasal inferior conchae (17 patients) and immobile cilia syndrome (1 patient). In all cases light microscopy demonstrated a 10–15 μm thick homogeneous BM underneath an intact epithelium. Electron microscopic findings revealed a typical subepithelial basal lamina (BL). The remaining parts of the BM consisted of single, isolated 25-mm-thick collagenous fibrils. Only a few cells and small unmyelinated nerves occurred in this layer. Immunohistochemical investigations showed BL components (collagen type IV, laminin, nidogen and heparan sulfate proteoglycan) directly underneath the epithelium. Collagen types I, III, V, and VI could also be demonstrated immunohistochemically in the remaining parts of the BM. Collagen type VII was allocated to the anchor filaments beneath the BL. This special BM is presumed to contribute to mechanical stabilization of the epithelium. The significance of the BL and the subepithelial connective tissue for the behavior of the epithelium — e.g. direction of differentiation - are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00180386
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  • 47
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Sugar-binding sites with specificity for glucosamine in the guinea pig middle ear mucosa (1993)
    Springer
    European archives of oto-rhino-laryngology and head & neck 250 (1993), S. 412-417 
    Details
    ISSN: 1434-4726
    Keywords: Sugar-binding site ; Guinea pig ; Middle ear ; Lipopolysaccharide ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Glucosamine-binding sites were detected in Lowicryl K4M-embedded guinea pig middle ear mucosa by electron microscopy, using glucosaminyl bovine serum albumin. Incubation of ultrathin tissue sections with gold-labeled glucosaminyl bovine serum albumin (GlcN/BSA/gold) resulted in binding mainly on cilia, microvilli, rough endoplasmic reticulum and nuclei. The sugar binding was not inhibited after ultrathin sections had been digested with trypsin or neuraminidase. Various carbohydrates and glycoconjugates were tested as competitive inhibitors of G1cN/BSA/gold labeling on the tissue sections. The sugar specificity range detected by the glucosamine-binding sites included glucosamine, N-acetylglucosamine, mannose and fucose, whereas N-acetylgalactosamine, galactose and glucose were not detectable. A series of endotoxic substances such as Salmonella minnesota Re595 lipid A complex with BSA and lipopolysaccharides (LPS) derived from Escherichia coli 055: B5 or S. minnesota Re595 also competed with GlcN/BSA/gold binding. This indicates that the lipid A backbone glucosamine or other carbohydrate portions of LPS is a part of the structure recognized by glucosamine binding sites.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00180388
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    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Electron microscopic morphometry of chronic type lymphoid leukemias (1993)
    Springer
    Medical molecular morphology 26 (1993), S. 29-39 
    Details
    ISSN: 1860-1499
    Keywords: Electron microscopy ; Morphometry ; Chronic type lymphoid leukemias
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Malignant cells from 1 case of chronic lymphocytic leukemia of the T-cell type (T-CLL), 5 cases of chronic lymphocytic leukemia of the B-cell type (B-CLL), 1 case of prolymphocytic leukemia of the B-cell type (B-PLL), 1 case of lymphocytic lymphoma of intermediate differentiation of the B-cell type (B-ILL), 1 case of splenic B-cell lymphoma with circulating villous lymphocytes (SLVL), and 2 cases of hairy cell leukemia (HCL) were measured on electron micrographs. The area of the cytoplasm, nucleus, nucleoli, and the perimeters of nuclei were measured and the nucleo-cytoplasmic ratio, nucleolo-nuclear ratio, and nuclear contour index (NCI) were calculated. Malignant cells from B-PLL had the largest cytoplasmic, nuclear, and nucleolar areas. The NCI was largest (4.74) in T-CLL. B-ILL, B-PLL, and SLVL had an intermediate (4.5) NCI. HCL and B-CLL had the smallest (4.1) NCI. Lymphoid cells in SLVL were smaller in size than HCL cells and had a higher NCI than that of HCL. Thus, electron microscopic morphometry can provide further information to aid in distinguishing chronic type lymphoid leukemias.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02348833
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  • 49
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    Electronic Resource
    Ultrastructural observation of glomerular lesions in a new mouse strain manifesting high proteinuria and progressive glomerulosclerosis (1993)
    Springer
    Medical molecular morphology 26 (1993), S. 41-47 
    Details
    ISSN: 1860-1499
    Keywords: Murine model ; Glomerulosclerosis ; GBM alteration ; Proteinuria ; Dense deposits ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Renal pathology of the FGS/Nga strain of mice, which has been known to develop proteinuria and progressive glomerulosclerosis, was studied by light and electron microscopy. Sclerotic changes had increased by 6 months and most of the glomeruli were totally obsolescent by 10 months. By electron microscopy, electron dense deposits were seen in the mice by 3 months and thereafter. Splitting or the irregular thickening of the glomerular basement membrane (GBM) was observed, and some mice showed reticulation in the GBM. The fixed negative charges detectable with polyethyleneimine (PEI) were decreased in the mice with massive proteinuria.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02348834
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  • 50
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Electron microscopic localization of periodate-reactive complex carbohydrates in acute megakaryoblastic leukemia (1993)
    Springer
    Medical molecular morphology 26 (1993), S. 57-63 
    Details
    ISSN: 1860-1499
    Keywords: Acute leukemia ; Megakaryoblastic leukemia ; Glycogen ; Glycoconjugates ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The localization of complex carbohydrates in 41 patients with acute megakaryoblastic leukemia (AMKL) was studied using the periodic acid-thiocarbohydrazide-silver proteinate (PA-TCH-SP) method. Examination by the PA-TCH-SP method revealed that the megakaryoblasts from AMKL had a thick cell coat, a small amount of glycogen, granules and well-developed GERL ofNovikoff. Multivariate analysis revealed no cytochemical differences in the distribution of glycoconjugates in the cytoplasm between AMKL blasts in children and adults, but they were noted between all AMKL blasts and blasts from patients with chronic myelocytic leukemia in megakaryoblastic crisis (CML-MK). The ultrastructural distribution of complex carbohydrates in the blasts from AMKL was extremely different from the acute myelocytic leukemia (AML) blasts as demonstrated by the analysis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02348836
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    Electronic Resource
    Effect of diltiazem on calcium deposition in cerebral vessels after experimental subarachnoid hemorrhage (1993)
    Springer
    Medical molecular morphology 26 (1993), S. 117-123 
    Details
    ISSN: 1860-1499
    Keywords: Subarachnoid hemorrhage ; Calcium ; Diltiazem ; Vasospasm ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Calcium channel blockers such as diltiazem are being explored as agents to reduce or prevent cerebral vasospasm following subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). Yet little is known concerning changes over time in the calcium ions in the arterial wall after subarachnoid hemorrhage even when calcium channel blockers are used. The results imply that the massive increase of calcium ions in the smooth muscle cells in the early stages of SAH may be related to morphological changes in the spastic vessels in the subacute stage of SAH and calcium ion blockers might be useful in reducing organic changes in the vessels by the inhibition of calcium overloading.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02348037
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  • 52
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    Ultrastructural study of magnesium dependent adenosine triphosphatase (Mg-ATPase) activity in rat liver peroxisomes after administration of aspirin and clofibrate (1993)
    Springer
    Medical molecular morphology 26 (1993), S. 161-168 
    Details
    ISSN: 1860-1499
    Keywords: Mg-ATPase ; Enzyme cytochemistry ; Electron microscopy ; Aspirin ; Clofibrate
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract A total of 36 male F344 rats was fed a diet containing 1% aspirin or 0.25% clofibrate for 1, 3 and 4 weeks. Hepatomegaly was more evident with aspirin than with clofibrate. The activity of magnesium dependent adenosine triphosphatase (Mg-ATPase) was localized on the limiting membrane of aspirin-induced peroxisomes, but it was much weaker than that in control and clofibrate-induced peroxisomes. Alteration in the ultrastructure of peroxisomes and mitochondria became more evident in Week 4 of the experiment than in Week 1. These ultrastructural changes also basically returned to normal conditions after one week withdrawal of the chemicals.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02347995
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    Morphometry of medial necrosis of human intracerebral arteries (1993)
    Springer
    Medical molecular morphology 26 (1993), S. 185-190 
    Details
    ISSN: 1860-1499
    Keywords: Medial necrosis ; Cerebral artery ; Hypertension ; Vasospasm ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Medial necrosis is a preceding lesion to angionecrosis which may cause hemorrhage and lacunar infarct. We morphometrically studied the loss of smooth muscle cells in the media of human cerebral arteries and examined the occurrences of vasospasm. Medial necrosis of hypertensive cases was significantly more severe than that of non-hypertensive cases (p〈0.001). The outer media was significantly more vulnerable than the inner one (p〈0.001). Medial necrosis in the perforating artery was slightly more severe than that of the cortical branches. Vasospasms were identified electron microscopically in 4 of 18 cases. These findings may satisfactorily explain the possibility of vasospasm as a cause of medial necrosis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02347998
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  • 54
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Identification of wild chimpanzee hair samples from feces by electron microscopy (1993)
    Springer
    Primates 34 (1993), S. 233-235 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-8332
    Keywords: Chimpanzee ; Infant-eating ; Electron microscopy ; Feces ; Hair
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract A large bolus of hairs found in the feces of an adult wild chimpanzee in the Budongo Forest, Uganda, was identified as belonging to a chimpanzee below the age of 3 yrs. This represents the second case of infant-eating recorded in the Budongo Forest.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02381396
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  • 55
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    Electronic Resource
    Blood-urine barrier formation in mouse urinary bladder development (1993)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 235 (1993), S. 533-538 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Permeability barrier ; Tight junction ; Fusiform vesicle ; Electron microscopy ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Formation of the blood-urine permeability barrier in differentiating mouse transitional urothelium was studied. It was established that the development of superficial cell barrier is a two-phase process: beginning with formation of the tight junctions, followed by formation of fusiform vesicles and asymmetric apical plasma membranes. Fusiform vesicles differentiate during days 15 and 17 of gestation and fuse with the apical plasmalemma. Thus a thick membrane is formed before the excretion of hypertonic urine into the embryonic bladder. Through some degenerative superficial cells slough between fetal day 17 and the day of birth, the bladder epithelium in mice does not lack an effective permeability barrier. © 1993 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
    Additional Material: 11 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1092350405
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  • 56
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    Fine structure and subepithelial capillaries of the main excretory duct epithelium of the submandibular gland of the Japanese monkey, Macaca fuscata (1993)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 236 (1993), S. 593-601 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Main excretory duct epithelium ; Lateral interdigitations ; Goblet cells ; Fenestrated capillaries ; Pored domes ; Submandibular gland ; Japanese monkey ; Electron microscopy ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The fine structure and subepithelial capillaries of the main excretory duct epithelium (MEDE) of the submandibular gland in the Japanese monkey, Macaca fuscata were investigated by light, scanning, and transmission electron microscopy. Capillaries found beneath the MEDE were all fenestrated ones. Some of them had elevated endothelium known as pored domes. The capillary density (number of capillaries per 200 μm length of MEDE) was 6.05 ± 1.36, and the number of fenestrae per 10 μm length of available endothelium was 11.62 ± 3.82. The MEDE was pseudostratified, and consisted of four cell types: Type I and II, which were columnar cells without basal infoldings, basal and goblet cells. The most characteristic feature was the presence of well-developed lateral interdigitations between Type I and II cells. © 1993 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
    Additional Material: 17 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1092360402
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    Vasocontractions of the in-vitro toad aortas induced by endothelin-1 and sarafotoxin-S6b (1993)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 235 (1993), S. 253-260 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Electron microscopy ; Endothelial cell ; Endothelin ; Sarafotoxin ; Toad aorta ; Vasocontraction ; Weibel-Palade body ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Dose-dependent tension curves were recorded from the in vitro toad aortas by administration of endothelin-1 and sarafotoxin-S6b. The maximal contractile tensions by both drugs were evoked at a 10-8 M concentration. By a single dose application (10-8 M) of endothelin-1 and sarafotoxin-S6b to both endothelium-preserved and denuded vessels, the induction of the endothelium-dependent vasocontraction occurs after 2 min of administration.Ultrastructural changes of Weibel-Palade bodies such as decrease in electron density, swelling with a wide peripheral halo, and expulsion of their contents in a manner of exocytosis become evident within 2 min after administration of these drugs. These findings indicate that some vasocontractile substances in Weibel-Palade bodies are extracellularly discharged by endothelin-1 and sarafotoxin-S6b. © 1993 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1092350209
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    Neuroendocrine cells and nerves of the lung (1993)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 236 (1993), S. 70-86 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Comparative histology ; Light microscopy ; Electron microscopy ; Cytochemistry ; Immunocytochemistry ; Neuroepithelial endocrine cells ; Neuroepithelial bodies ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Additional Material: 22 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1092360111
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    Aging and the Meynert cells in rhesus monkey primary visual cortex (1993)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 236 (1993), S. 721-729 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Macaca mulatta; Area 17 ; Neurons ; Age changes ; Electron microscopy ; Light microscopy ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: We have assessed the effects of aging on the cell bodies of the large Meynert cells in layers V and VI of the rhesus monkey primary visual cortex by comparing the frequency, size, and cytology of these neurons in three young (5-6 years of age), one middle-aged (12 years of age), and four old monkeys (25-35 years of age). In the young monkeys there is an average of 20.8 Meynert cells beneath 1 mm2 of cortical surface, and in the old monkeys the value is 22.3 cells. The cell bodies of these large pyramidal cells do not become smaller with age, and surprisingly they accumulate only small amounts of lipofuscin. The conclusion is that in the rhesus monkey there is no loss of Meynert cells with age and that aging has little effect on the morphology of the cell bodies of these neurons. © 1993 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1092360416
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    Ultrastructure and morphometry of the urethral glands in normal, castrated, and testosterone-treated castrated male mice (1993)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 236 (1993), S. 449-458 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Urethral glands ; Testosterone ; Morphometry ; Electron microscopy ; Male mice ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Recent studies of the urethral glands in the male mouse and rat have suggested that they are testosterone-dependent glands that may be potential sites for secretory immunity in the male genital tract. In the present study we describe the ultrastructural features of these glands in normal mice and provide quantitative data on the sizes of the acinar cells and their organelles in sham-, oil-, and testosterone-treated castrated mice. Acinar cells in urethral glands from normal mice contain numerous secretory granules, prominent Golgi complexes, elongated mitochondria, and an abundance of rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER) with large and dilated cisternae, all of which are features characteristic of secretory cells. In some acinar cells the cisternae of the RER were filled with closely packed, unbranched, straight, tubular structures that were oriented parallel to one another, that radiated from aggregates of dense material, or that were randomly attanged. In other acinar cells the cisternae of the RER showed a network of branching and anastomosing vesicular-like structures whose limiting membranes were occasionally seen in continuity with the membranes of the RER. Secretory acini showed large, unbranched tubules in the acinar lumen. When cut at right angles the large tubules exhibited a distinct fuzzy outer coat with fine projections radiating outwards. The ultrastructure of the acinar cells and the presence of tubules in the lumen suggests that they are engaged in secretion of a tubular protein.Morphometric analysis of acinar cells in the urethral glands showed that the mean volumes of nuclei, cytoplasm, secretory granules, vacuoles, and mitochondria were significantly reduced in castrated mice in comparison to either normal or testosterone-treated castrated mice. This confirms earlier observations that the urethral glands are targets of testosterone. © 1993 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
    Additional Material: 14 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1092360305
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    Ultrastructural evidence for the axonal localization of caudodorsal cell hormone mRNA in the central nervous system of the mollusc Lymnaea stagnalis (1993)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Microscopy Research and Technique 25 (1993), S. 12-18 
    Details
    ISSN: 1059-910X
    Keywords: In situ hybridization ; Digoxigenin ; Electron microscopy ; Cryosections ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Notes: The technique of in situ hybridization has been used to evaluate the expression of an ovulation hormone mRNA (caudodorsal cell hormone; CDCH) in the central nervous system (CNS) of the mollusc Lymnaea stagnalis. Hybridization with radioactive as well as with nonradioactive labeled oligonucleotide and plasmid probes revealed a specific labeling on cell bodies of caudodorsal cells (CDCs), which are known to produce CDCH, on the light microscopical level. In addition, specific labeling was observed outside the cell bodies, as far as the cerebral commissure, where CDCH is released in the haemolymph. To investigate whether these signals represent an axonal localization of the CDCH mRNA, we performed in situ hybridization at the electron microscopical (EM) level. The results showed an intraaxonal localization of CDCH mRNA with digoxigenin labeled oligonucleotide and plasmid probes. Gold labeling was observed in secretion granules, and double labeling experiments showed that these granules also contain CDCH. This specific intragranular localization suggest that CDCH mRNA is transported through the axon and released by exocytosis in the haemolymph. © 1993 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jemt.1070250104
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    Protocol of electron microscope in situ nucleic acid hybridization for the exclusive detection of double-stranded DNA sequences in cells containing large amounts of homologous single-stranded DNA and RNA sequences: Application to adenovirus type 5 infected Hela cells (1993)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Microscopy Research and Technique 25 (1993), S. 2-11 
    Details
    ISSN: 1059-910X
    Keywords: Double-stranded viral DNA ; Electron microscopy ; HeLa cell ; In situ hybridization ; Lytic infection ; S1 nuclease ; Replication ; Viral Ad5 genomes ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Notes: In order to gain a further insight into the relationships of the complex process of replication of adenovirus genomes to the substructures which occur in the nuclei of adenovirus type 5 (Ad5) infected HeLa cells, we have visualized directly, at the electron microscopic level, viral double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) in late infected nuclei by the use of a post-embedding in situ hybridization technique with a biotinylated specific DNA probe. The procedure is based on the removal of single-stranded (ss) nucleic acids by S1 nuclease. The highest levels of signal density for viral dsDNA were detected over the fibrils of the large, centrally located viral genome storage site and over the viral nucleoids of both clustered and isolated viruses. Lower but significant signals were observed over the fibrillo-granular network of the peripheral replicative zones, where both transcription and replication of viral DNA occur. On the other hand, the labeling of the enclosed viral ssDNA accumulation sites, also involved in viral replication but not transcription, was negligible, which suggests that, in the latter, the newly synthesized viral dsDNA immediately extends into the adjacent peripheral replicative zone to be transcribed and/or replicated.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jemt.1070250103
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    Environmental scanning electron microscope (ESEM) evaluation of crystal and plaque formation associated with biocorrosion (1993)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Microscopy Research and Technique 25 (1993), S. 429-433 
    Details
    ISSN: 1059-910X
    Keywords: Biocorrosion ; Sulfate-reducing bacteria ; Biofilm ; Desulfovibrio ; Electron microscopy ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Notes: The biofilm attributed to Desulfovibrio vulgaris growing in the presence of ferrous metals was examined with an environmental scanning electron microscope. This novel microscope produced images of iron sulfide colloids and other iron containing structures that had not been reported previously. A plaque composed of iron sulfide enveloped the surface of the corroding metal while crystals containing magnesium, iron, sulfur, and phosphorus were present in the culture where corrosion was in progress. A structure resembling the tubercule found in aerobic corrosion was observed on stainless steel undergoing biocorrosion and the elements present in this structure included sulfur, iron, chloride, calcium, potassium, and chromium. © 1993 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
    Additional Material: 11 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jemt.1070250513
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    Rapid primary microwave-glutaraldehyde fixation preserves the plasma membrane and intracellular structures of the protozoan Tritrichomonas foetus (1993)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Microscopy Research and Technique 25 (1993), S. 286-290 
    Details
    ISSN: 1059-910X
    Keywords: Microwave fixation ; Freeze-fracture ; Electron microscopy ; Protozoan ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Notes: Tritrichomonas foetus, a pathogenic protozoan, was used as a model to analyse microwave-stimulated fixation as a procedure of preparation of biological samples for electron microscopy of thin sections and freeze-fracture replicas. Good preservation of the protozoan structure was achieved by microwave-stimulated fixation and Epon polymerization. The membrane structure, as visualized in freeze-fracture replicas, was well preserved. © 1993 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jemt.1070250404
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    Characterization of the suprachiasmatic nucleus in organotypic slice explant cultures (1993)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Microscopy Research and Technique 25 (1993), S. 46-60 
    Details
    ISSN: 1059-910X
    Keywords: Vasopressin ; Vasoactive intestinal polypeptide ; Gastrin releasing peptide ; GABA ; In vitro ; In situ hybridization histochemistry ; Electron microscopy ; Circadian pacemaker ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Notes: Suprachiasmatic nuclei (SCN) from hypothalami of postnatal rats were maintained for 18-39 days in vitro as organotypic slice explants. Neuronal subtypes containing vasopressin (VP), vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP), gastrin releasing hormone (GRP), and GABA were immunocytochemically identifiable in these cultures. In situ hybridization histochemistry was compatible with these SCN slice explant cultures, and mRNA encoding for VP was detected bilaterally within these nuclei. After 18 days in vitro, both VP mRNA and VP immunoreactivity increased from levels present on postnatal days 4 (the earliest age from which the explanted tissue was derived) to levels typical of adult SCNs. In contrast, the GRP expression remained low, characteristic of early postnatal animals and far lower than adult levels. This suggests that the developmental cues or programs necessary for enhanced VP expression are maintained in these cultures, while those affecting GRP expression are absent or inhibited. VIP-containing neurons were numerous in the cultures. Culture slices appeared healthy, and similar numbers and distributions of identifiable neurons within the SCN were observed, whether or not the slices were grown in the presence of serum. EM analysis revealed that the SCN in vitro is composed of tightly packed neurons, processes, and abundant synapses containing both clear and dense core vesicles, closely resembling the SCN in vivo. Vasopressinergic neuronal somata contained extensive Golgi systems and labeled secretory granules, the latter organelle being present also within processes and synaptic terminals. GABA-immunopositive processes and synaptic profiles were abundant, with labeling occurring particularly over secretory vesicles and mitochondria. This slice culture system effectively maintained much of the intrinsic organization and cellular components of the SCN for long periods in vitro and should be an excellent model system for studying the intrinsic molecular mechanisms and extrinsic cues which regulate neuronal phenotype in this circadian pacemaker. Published 1993 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jemt.1070250108
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    Simulation of dislocations imaged moiré fringe contrast (1993)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Microscopy Research and Technique 24 (1993), S. 185-192 
    Details
    ISSN: 1059-910X
    Keywords: Electron microscopy ; Epitaxy ; Dislocations ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Notes: Transemission electron microscope (TEM) images of dislocations as produced via moiré fringe contrast are simulated using many-beam diffraction theory. The effect of edge dislocations on both parallel and rotational moiré fringe patterns is considered. For the parallel moiré fringe pattern, images of dislocations both perpendicular to the film plane and those inclined to the film plane are produced. The effect of an inclined dislocation is shown to cause a distortion of the dislocation image. Finally, a comparison between predicted and experimentally observed images is made, with the results indicating that threating dislocations in the FeAl/GaAs system have line directions nearly perpendicular to the (001)FeAl/GaAs film plane. © 1993 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jemt.1070240211
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    Cellular morphology and extracellular space at rhombomere boundaries in the chick embryo hindbrain (1993)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Developmental Dynamics 198 (1993), S. 241-253 
    Details
    ISSN: 1058-8388
    Keywords: Chick ; Hindbrain ; Rhombomere ; Boundary ; Electron microscopy ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The chick embryo hindbrain is a segmented region of the CNS characterised by repeated blocks of neuroepithelial cells, known as rhombomeres. Individual rhombomeres are polyclonal compartments, defined both by cell lineage restriction and by the restricted expression of development control genes, that later acquire specific patterns of neuronal differentiation and axon outgrowth. The interfaces between adjacent rhombomeres are defined by boundaries across which cells do not move; the boundaries contain specialised cells and are preferentially colonised at early stages of development by extending axons. In this study, routine electron microscopy and high-pressure cryopreservation, a technique that avoids artifacts of chemical fixation, have been used to examine the morphology of rhombomere boundaries through a staged series of chick embryos. We find that the boudary regions contain enlarged extracellular spaces and that these form conduits for axons subsequently extending in the circumferential plane of the hindbrain. Labeling the ventricular surface of the neuroepithelium with DiI crystals in aqueous suspension revealed the morphology of individual cells in the intact neural tube, and demonstrated unusual fan-shaped arrays of cells at the boundaries. These findings contribute further to the evidence that cells at rhombomere boundaries differ from those in rhombomere centres, and leads to hypotheses about both the mechanism of development of the boundaries, and the role they may play in hindbrain patterning. © 1993 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aja.1001980402
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    Morphological study of the effects of intranasal zinc sulfate irrigation on the mouse olfactory epithelium and olfactory bulb (1993)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Microscopy Research and Technique 24 (1993), S. 195-213 
    Details
    ISSN: 1059-910X
    Keywords: Deafferentation ; Regeneration ; Sensory afferents ; Electron microscopy ; Olfactory receptor cells ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Notes: The effects of intranasal zinc sulfate (ZnSO4) irrigation on the morphology of the olfactory epithelium and olfactory bulb were studied in mice with short survival times (as early as 1 day) and with long survival times (up to 593 days) after the irrigation procedure. As in several previous studies, the olfactory epithelium was completely destroyed within a few days after the ZnSO4 treatment. Within 2-4 days, the septum and turbinates were covered by a new, cuboidal epithelium, the cells of which differed significantly from any cells normally seen in the olfactory epithelium. Slowly, over several months, small areas of the olfactory epithelium regenerated in many of the animals.The ultrastructural changes occurring in the olfactory bulb from 1 to 25 days (the reactive stage) were characterized by degenerating olfactory axons and axon terminals, hypertrophy of astroglial cell processes, and proliferation of or extravasation by phagocytic cells. By 25 days after intranasal ZnSO4 irrigation, the number of reactive glial processes and phagocytic cells returned to normal. In some mice with survival times of 150 days or longer, there was reinnervation of small areas of the olfactory bulb by regenerated olfactory axons. These new olfactory axons innervated only superficial glomeruli or the outer portions of deeper glomeruli, but they formed synaptic contacts with mitral/tufted cells and periglomerular cells that did not differ from control animals. These findings were supported by tract-tracing experiments with 3H-amino acids and by behavioral analysis.In summary, the ultrastructural changes observed in the olfactory bulb in this study were not significantly different from those observed after surgical lesions of the olfactory epithelium or nerve. The olfactory bulb, however, never fully recovered; glomeruli remained shrunken (though with normal dendro-dendritic synaptic connections), and there was minimal olfactory axon reinnervation. © 1993 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jemt.1070240302
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    Synaptic organization and development of the antennal lobe in insects (1993)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Microscopy Research and Technique 24 (1993), S. 260-280 
    Details
    ISSN: 1059-910X
    Keywords: Neuroanatomy ; Invertebrate brain ; Neurons ; Glial cells ; Olfactory system ; Immunocytochemistry ; Electron microscopy ; Neural development ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Notes: Many insects possess a highly developed sense of smell. This paper summarizes the cellular and synaptic organization of the antennal (olfactory) lobe of the insect brain and then reviews morphological and fine-structural aspects of the development of the lobe. Visualization of synapses between classes of neurons identified by physiological, morphological, or transmitter-cytochemical properties has provided insights into arrangements of contacts and their possible roles in information processing. Studies of development have revealed the requirement for afferent axons from the antenna for the formation of olfactory glomeruli, where virtually all of the synapses in the lobe occur, and have suggested the possibility that glial cells play a role in the instructive influence of the axons on their target neurons in the lobe. The findings reviewed in this paper are primarily from one representative hemimetabolous insect, the American cockroach, and one representative holometabolous insect, a hawkmoth, and comparisons are made with vertebrate systems when appropriate. © 1993 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
    Additional Material: 14 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jemt.1070240305
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    Ultrastructural and functional connectivity of intracellularly stained neurones in the vertebrate retina: Correlative analyses (1993)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Microscopy Research and Technique 24 (1993), S. 43-66 
    Details
    ISSN: 1059-910X
    Keywords: Retina ; Intracellular staining ; Horseradish peroxidase ; Electron microscopy ; Cone ; Horizontal cell ; Bipolar cell ; Amacrine cell ; Ganglion cell ; Neurotransmitter ; Synaptic plasticity ; Spinules ; Rhodamine ; Double labelling ; Postembedding immunohistochemistry ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Notes: A variety of intracellular recording and staining techniques has been used to establish structure-function and, in some cases, structure-function-neurochemical correlations in fish, turtle, and cat retinae. Cone photoreceptor-horizontal cell connectivity has been studied extensively in the cyprinid fish retina by intracellular staining with horseradish peroxidase (HRP) and subsequent electron microscopy. The available data suggest that horizontal cell dendrites around the ridge of the synaptic ribbon are postsynaptic, whilst finger-like extensions (“spinules”) of lateral dendrites function as inhibitory feedback terminals. An interesting feature of this inter-action is its plasticity: the feedback pathway is suppressed in the dark and becomes potentiated by light adaptation of the retina.Intracellular recordings and stainings of ganglion cells in both turtle and cat retinae have been possible. Prelabelling of ganglion cells by retrograde transport of rhodamine from the tectum allows ganglion cells to be stained under visual control, and their synaptic inputs determined by electron microscopy. Such studies have been extended to double labelling by using autoradiography or postembedding immunohistochemistry to identify the neurotransmitter content of the labelled cell and/or the neurotransmitter(s) converging upon it. It is envisaged that further applications of intracellular staining followed by double- or even triple-labelling will continue to enhance greatly our understanding of the functional architecture of the vertebrate retina. © 1993 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
    Additional Material: 16 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jemt.1070240106
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    Quantitative analysis of the porous structure of a petroleum reservoir (1993)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Microscopy Research and Technique 25 (1993), S. 173-174 
    Details
    ISSN: 1059-910X
    Keywords: Porosity ; Mathematical Morphology ; Electron microscopy ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jemt.1070250210
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    Biosynthetic routing of pulmonary surfactant proteins in alveolar type II cells (1993)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Microscopy Research and Technique 26 (1993), S. 366-373 
    Details
    ISSN: 1059-910X
    Keywords: Immunogold labeling ; Electron microscopy ; Lung ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Notes: Surfactant proteins A, B, and C (SP-A, SP-B, and SP-C) are synthesized in alveolar type II cells. SP-B and SP-C are both synthesized as large precursor molecules that are proteolytically processed to their mature sizes. In a previous immunoelectron microscopic study, we showed that precursor SP-B is processed to its mature size in multivesicular bodies. In the present study, using a specific antibody aginst precursor SP-C, we demonstrate that precursor SP-C is present in the same intracellular compartments of the biosynthetic pathway, i.e., endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi complex, and multivesicular bodies, as precursor SP-B. Since mature SP-C is known to be present in multilamellar bodies, this suggests a biosynthetic routing and site of processing of this protein similar to those of SP-B. Double-labeling experiments using antibodies against SP-A, precursor SP-B, precursor SP-C, and an antibody against HA I, an adaptor protein involved in the budding of transport vesicles from the Golgi complex, showed that the different surfactant proteins traverse and exit the Golgi complex via the same route. The surfactant proteins do not exit the Golgi complex via HA I-positive coated buds or vesicles. These data are in accordance with the concept that SP-A, SP-B, and SP-C are transported together through the same biosynthetic pathway via multivesicular bodies to multilamellar bodies. © 1993 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jemt.1070260504
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    Gonadotroph cell adenoma of the pituitary in a woman with long-standing hypogonadism (1980)
    Springer
    Archives of gynecology and obstetrics 229 (1980), S. 57-65 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0711
    Keywords: Electron microscopy ; Gonadotroph hormones ; Pathology ; Pituitary adenoma
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary A 57-year-old woman, with long-standing hypogonadism secondary to irradiation of the ovaries, was found to have a pituitary tumor which was removed and investigated by histology, immunocytology and electron microscopy. Histologically, the tumor corresponded to a chromophobe, slightly PAS positive adenoma and the immunoperoxidase stain revealed the presence of both FSH and LH in the cytoplasm of the adenoma cells. The structural features of the adenoma cells resembled those of FSH cells in the nontumorous adenohypophysis. We thus believe that pituitary adenomas consisting of gonadotrophin-producing cells occur and that these may produce both FSH and LH. The relation between the gonadotrophin-producing adenoma and the preceding hypogonadism is uncertain.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02109828
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    Ultrastructural localization of TRH-like immunoreactivity (1980)
    Springer
    Experimental brain research 38 (1980), S. 1-10 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Keywords: TRH-like immunoreactivity ; PAP technique ; Electron microscopy ; Neuronal localization
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary With the peroxidase-antiperoxidase (PAP) method TRH-like immunoreactivity (TRH-LI) was observed in certain neurons of the central nervous system. Their distribution agreed well with findings previously obtained with the indirect immunofluorescence technique. At the ultrastructural level electron-dense precipitates representing TRH-LI were observed in so-called large dense core vesicles, which were localized both in the cytoplasm of some hypothalamic neuronal cell bodies, as well as in boutons in the hypothalamus and spinal cord. The boutons often seemed to form axo-somatic or axodendritic synapses.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00237924
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  • 75
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    Electronic Resource
    A direct pathway from thalamus to visual callosal neurons in cat (1980)
    Springer
    Experimental brain research 38 (1980), S. 121-123 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Keywords: Cat ; Visual cortex ; Corpus callosum ; Horseradish peroxidase ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Horseradish peroxidase was injected in the right visual cortex and a large electrolytic lesion made in the left lateral geniculate nucleus of an adult cat. Neurons of origin of the callosal projection to the injected cortex were identified by retrograde labelling and selected for electron microscopic study. Degenerating thalamo-cortical axon terminals were found to contact a labelled stellate cell in layer IV and a labelled pyramidal cell in layer III at the border region of areas 17 and 18. We conclude that there is a monosynaptic pathway from lateral geniculate nucleus to the cells of origin of callosal axons to the contralateral visual cortex.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00237940
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  • 76
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    Electronic Resource
    Morphology of cardiac nerves in experimental infarction of rat hearts (1980)
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 386 (1980), S. 279-291 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: Myocardial infarction ; Autonomic nerves ; Electron microscopy ; Rat experiments
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Alterations of cardiac nerves in myocardial infarction were investigated by electron microscopy after differing intervals in 28 rats. During the first 4 h there are, in non-myelinated nerves within the myocardium, a swelling of the axoplasm with the occurrence of ‘pale’ axons and swelling of axonal mitochondria and neurosecretory granules. After bursting of the axolemma, these are spilled into the adjacent interstitial space. After 4 h first myelin figures are observed, and in some axons an accumulation of neurofilaments takes place. During the second to seventh day an extensive vesicular disintegration of axonal structures develops. Because of regressive changes, axons cannot be identified with certainty within the necrosis. After two or three weeks nerves with lamellar enfoldings of cytoplasmic processes corresponding to Büngner bands can be seen at the infarction border. These nerves may contain only a few residual axons. Myelinated nerves show a mainly vesicular disintegration. The results are discussed with regard to their functional significance and the special conditions of the animal model, in which ligature of the coronary artery may not only produce ischemia, but may also, by simultaneous ligature of the adjacent cardiac nerves, induce Wallerian degeneration.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00427298
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  • 77
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    Electronic Resource
    Rhabdomyosarcoma of the oesophagus (1980)
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 386 (1980), S. 357-361 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: Oesophagus ; Rhabdomyosarcoma ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary A 61-year-old man was operated for a large tumor, 12×4 cm in size, in the lower third of the oesophagus. The tumor had the appearance of a pleomorphic rhabdomyosarcoma showing cross striations by light microscopy and typical sarcomeres by electron microscopy. This is the fifth undisputed oesophageal rhabdomyosarcoma described in the literature and the first examined using electron microscope.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00427304
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  • 78
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    Electronic Resource
    Glomerulonephritis with dense deposits: A variant of membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis or a separate morphological entity? (1980)
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 387 (1980), S. 17-29 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: Glomerulonephritis ; Dense deposit disease ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Eleven cases of glomerulonephritis with dense deposits were selected on the basis of electron microscopic examination performed either on material treated according to conventional techniques (9 cases) or on previously paraffin-embedded material (2 cases). While uniform immuno-histochemical patterns were observed, different features were shown by light microscopy: in only 3 cases were membranoproliferative or lobular patterns present, while in the others a varying degree of mesangial cell proliferation (moderate, mild or even very scanty with focal and segmental distribution) was detected. The generally accepted statement that glomerulonephritis with dense deposits represents a subgroup of membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis therefore seems questionable. In addition to several clinical and serological data, these morphological features give further support to the hypothesis that glomerulonephritis with dense deposits is in all respects a peculiar and distinct form of glomerulonephritis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00428426
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  • 79
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    Electronic Resource
    Null cell adenoma of the human pituitary (1980)
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 387 (1980), S. 165-174 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: Adenoma ; Electron microscopy ; Immunocytology ; Pituitary ; Pituitary tumor
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Among 343 surgically-removed pituitary adenomas, 56 tumors were unassociated clinically or biochemically with increased hormone secretion and contained no adenohypophysial hormones by the immunoperoxidase technique, except for 10 cases in which a few scattered cells showed positive immunostaining for β-TSH or β-FSH, β-EH, prolactin and/or α-subunit. These tumors were chromophobic adenomas with no PAS, lead hematoxylin or carmoisine positivity and electron microscopy failed to reveal their morphogenesis. The term null cell adenoma of the pituitary is proposed to designate this tumor type. This term recognizes the most obvious features of these tumors: the absence of markers which would permit the disclosure of their cellular origin. Null cells are also found in the nontumorous adeno-hypophysis, suggesting that null cell adenomas derive from preexisting nonneoplastic null cells. The question of whether pituitary null cells are hormonally inactive committed precursors, uncommitted stem cells or dedifferentiated cells remains to be elucidated.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00430697
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  • 80
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amniotic epithelium in diabetes mellitus (1980)
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 387 (1980), S. 185-191 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: Amniotic epithelium ; Diabetes mellitus ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The epithelium of human amnion was examined under the light and electron microscopes. Morphologically, the amniotic epithelium in diabetes mellitus differs from that of a normal term specimen by the following characteristics: 1. An increase in the number of β-shaped glycogen granules and lipid droplets; 2. The presence of epithelial areas with dead cells; 3. Thickening of the basal membrane. Areas with dead cells could be identified in the amniotic epithelium of diabetic patients. These were not found in normal term pregnancies nor in other types of high-risk pregnancies, such as non-diabetic hydramnios, rhesus incompatibility, or pretoxaemia/toxaemia. These findings may indicate that the areas are specific to diabetes mellitus.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00430699
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  • 81
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    Electronic Resource
    Pancreatic acinar ultrastructure in human acute pancreatitis (1980)
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 387 (1980), S. 259-270 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: Pancreatitis ; Human pancreatitis ; Acute necrotizing pancreatitis ; Acinar cells ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Ultrastructural alterations in pancreatic acini from six patients operated for acute necrotizing pancreatitis are described. One of the patients suffered from biliary tract disease, the rest had excessive alcohol intake as the presumed aetiology. Areas of the pancreatic parenchyma showing oedematous inflammation in light microscopy were studied in the electron microscope. Findings in acinar cells included changes in zymogen granules and an increased autophagocytosis in addition to unspecific organelle alterations. Zymogen granules showed increase in size and number, loss or variation of electron-density and peripheral dissolution. Increased autophagic activity was indicated by several autophagic vacuoles and residual bodies. Acinar lumina were dilated showing effacement of microvilli and invaginations in the luminal plasma membrane of the acinar cells. In acinar lumina and in the interstitium fibrillar material was observed, with an increasing frequency in those areas showing severe cellular disintegration. These findings suggest: 1) an increased activity of zymogen granules, 2) an increased autophagocytosis, and 3) penetration of acinar luminal contents into the interstitium.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00454829
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  • 82
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    Electronic Resource
    Impaired sarcolemmal membrane permeability in reperfused ischemic myocardium (1980)
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 388 (1980), S. 69-76 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: Myocardial ischaemia ; Membrane permeability ; Horseradish peroxydase ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Sarcolemmal membrane permeability to intravenously injected horseradish peroxidase HRP (MW=40,000) was examined in 8 Wistar rats which had temporary ischaemia produced by left coronary artery ligation. HRP reaction product was identified following 6 min of circulation time by light and electron microscopy. Controls included 4 uninjected animals with coronary ligation, 2 uninjected animals without myocardial ischaemia and 2 injected non operated rats. In normal myocardium, the tracer permeated endothelial plasmalemmal vesicles, intercellular spaces and intracellular vesicles of the T-tubule system, but never permeated the cytoplasm of myocardium cells. As early as 15 min after coronary artery ligation followed by 6 min of reperfusion with circulation of the tracer, HRP product could be seen in the cytoplasm of muscle cells randomly distributed in the subendocardial area. The quantity of permeated cells increased when the ischaemic myocardium is reperfused during 10 min before injecting the tracer. These data indicate that sarcolemmal membrane alteration is an early event in myocardial ischaemic injury and precede the irreversible cellular degenerative changes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00430677
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  • 83
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    Electronic Resource
    The ultrastructure of medullary carcinoma of the breast (1980)
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 388 (1980), S. 175-186 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: Breast ; Medullary carcinoma ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Three cases of medullary carcinoma complying with strictly defined criteria have been examined by electron microscopy. These carcinomas are characterised by the presence of light and dark tumour cells which exhibit prominent organelles and well-developed Golgi complexes but lack secretory activity. The essential stromal cellular infiltrate of macrophages, lymphocytes and plasma cells contains macrophage-lymphocyte clusters suggesting the existence of an immune response. Also present in the stroma are blood vessels lined by high-endothelial cells of the type said to facilitate lymphocyte migration. It is suggested that light and dark tumour cells with well-developed organelles but absent secretory activity, macrophage-lymphocyte clusters and stromal high-endothelial venules represent specific ultrastructure features of typical medullary carcinoma associated with good prognosis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00430686
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  • 84
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    Electronic Resource
    Ultrastructural morphometric analysis of human myocardial left ventricles with mitral insufficiency (1980)
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 389 (1980), S. 205-210 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: Electron microscopy ; Morphometry ; Human left ventricle ; Mitral insufficiency
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary 15 biopsies of dilated and hypertrophied human left ventricles in mitral insufficient hearts were morphometrically investigated. On light and electron microscopical level the results were compared with those received from normally loaded human left ventricles and from hypertrophied human left ventricles found in hearts with aortic valve disease. The results demonstrate alterations when compared with the results from normally loaded left ventricles. The differences between normally loaded and volume loaded left ventricles are smaller than those in pressure loaded left ventricles from aortic valve diseased hearts.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00439486
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  • 85
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    Electronic Resource
    Effect of microwave irradiation on brain tissue structure and catecholamine distribution (1980)
    Springer
    Psychopharmacology 67 (1980), S. 119-123 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2072
    Keywords: Catecholamine distribution ; Regional catecholamine levels ; Microwave irradiation ; Brain tissue structure ; Histological examination ; Electron microscopy ; Light microscopy ; Tissue disruption
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Recently we reported regional levels of norepinephrine and dopamine in rat brain following microwave irradiation. In our report, we also compared these levels with those of norepinephrine and dopamine following decapitation. Catecholamine levels following exposure to microwave irradiation significantly increased in several areas. However, whether these increases resulted from compound transfer associated with tissue disruption due to high intensity microwave irradiation was not determined. Sections of corpus striatum and locus coeruleus were examined with a light microscope and the interface of the striatum and the cortex showed no trace of tissue breakdown. Transformed cells, vacuolation, and indications of pyknotic degeneration in the nucleus were found in locus coeruleus after irradiation, but the shapes of these cells were well-defined. Electron microscopic photographs of synapses in the same are showed membrane damage after exposure for 5 s at 1.3 kW, but synaptic vesicles were clearly defined. It was concluded that the increased catecholamine levels were not the result of tissue disruption following rapid heating of the brain by irradiation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00431965
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  • 86
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    Electronic Resource
    Rod-shaped bodies and crystalloid inclusions in ocular vascular endothelia of adult and developing Macaca mulatta (1980)
    Springer
    Anatomy and embryology 158 (1980), S. 121-131 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0568
    Keywords: Rod-shaped bodies ; Crystalloid inclusions ; Blood vessels ; Endothelium ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary In addition to the usual organelles, endothelial cells of ocular blood vessels and Scheemm's canal in adult and fetal Macaca mulatta, contain two types of inclusions: rod-shaped bodies and crystalloids. The rod-shaped bodies are similar to those first described in arterial endothelia of the rat. They are between 0.2 to 0.35 μm in diameter, up to 2.5 μm in length, and are membrane bounded. The crystalloid inclusions are up to 1.2 μm in diameter and are associated with the granular endoplasmic reticulum. Their crystalline lattice consists of subunits, 28 nm in diameter, which are either arranged in rows separated by amorphous matrix or tightly packed in a honeycomb-like lattice. The rod-shaped bodies are much more numerous than the crystalloids; however, both kinds of inclusions are consistently found in both adult and fetal vessels. They represent normal components of ocular vascular endothelia which appear very early in the development of the eye.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00315900
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  • 87
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    Electronic Resource
    Thickening of the basement membrane of cortical capillaries in Alzheimer's disease (1980)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 49 (1980), S. 79-83 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Alzheimer's disease ; Dementia ; Aging ; Cortical capillaries ; Basement membrane ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Data concerning width and surface of the basement membrane of cortical capillaries in three patients with Alzheimer's disease five age-matched controls, have been submitted to statistical analysis to ascertain the role of the aging process upon thickening of the basement membrane itself. The analysis showed that there was a significant difference between patients with Alzheimer's disease and controls (P〈0.01) as to both width and surface of the basement membrane, so suggesting that in these patients aging was not the only factor which thickening of the basement membrane of cortical capillaries was related to.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00692225
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  • 88
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    Electronic Resource
    Blastomycoma of the cerebellum (1980)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 50 (1980), S. 109-114 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Blastomyces dermatitides ; North American blastomycosis ; Electron microscopy ; Subplasmalemmal linear density ; Fungal infection of central nervous system
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Biopsy tissue from a cerebellar blastomycoma in a 48-year-old man was studied by electron microscopy. The fine structure of the fungi recapitulated that of the yeast forms described in cultures and culture implants. Mycelial forms were not encountered. The yeasts displayed lamellated cell walls and occasional multinucleation. Persistent broad-based budding with complex membranous profiles related to the cell membrane was prominent. The organisms were found within multinucleated giant cells and macrophages which exhibited subplasmalemmal linear densities and occasional desmosomal junctions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00692860
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  • 89
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    Electronic Resource
    Striated muscle ultrastructure in uremic patients and in renal transplant recipients (1980)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 50 (1980), S. 163-166 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Uremia ; Hemodialysis ; Kidney transplantation ; Electron microscopy ; Myopathy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Gastrocnemius muscle biopsies from 19 patients with chronic renal failure were studied by electron microscopy. Thirteen of the biopsies contained pathological muscle fibers. Myopathic findings, such as autolysis and phagocytosis, were seen in eight. Neurogenic findings, such as small atrophic fibers, were observed in seven. Non-specific changes, such as myofibrillar degeneration, abnormal vacuoles, glycogen accumulation, and lipofuscin pigment were also frequent findings. The structural changes from normal were quantitatively more frequent and qualitatively more severe in the muscles of the hemodialysis patients in comparison with those seen in the other patient groups (diet, transplant).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00692869
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  • 90
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    Electronic Resource
    Ultrastructural study of a cerebral toruloma (1980)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 50 (1980), S. 153-157 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Toruloma ; Cryptococcus ; Electron microscopy ; Subplasmalemmal linear density ; Epithelioid cells ; Macrophages ; Granulomatous disease ; Fungal infection of central nervous system
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Biopsy tissue from a human cerebral toruloma was studied ultrastructurally. Numerous yeasts were found within extracellular space and within macrophages or epithelioid cells and demonstrated a prominent mucopolysaccharide capsule. Extensive vacuolization of yeast-bearing macrophages was demonstrated. Coating material lined these vacuoles as well as the surface of these cells where numerous coatacts with lymphocytes were observed. The macjophages further displayed prominent subplasmalemmal linear densities, structures common to epithelioid cells in granulomatous diseases as well as a variety of cells of presumed mesodermal origin.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00692867
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  • 91
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Nuclear inclusion in oculopharyngeal dystrophy (1980)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 49 (1980), S. 85-87 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Oculopharyngeal muscular dystrophy ; Muscle biopsy ; Nuclear inclusions ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The ultrastructural examination of skeletal muscle biopsies of three typical cases of autosomal dominant inherited oculopharyngeal muscular dystrophy showed collections of tubular filaments (8.5 nm in diameter) within muscle fibre nuclei. These filaments appear to be a characteristic morphological feature of oculopharyngeal dystrophy.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00692226
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  • 92
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    Electronic Resource
    Rimmed vacuoles (1980)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 51 (1980), S. 229-235 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Rimmed vacuoles ; Lined vacuoles ; Autophagic vacuoles ; Histochemistry ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Rimmed vacuoles (Dubowitz and Brooke 1973) have been found in 12 cases with various neuromuscular diseases and are considered to be autophagic in nature. They consisted of multilaminated membranous structures accompanied by glycogen granules, dense bodies, and amorphous, granular, and fibrillar material. The contents of the vacuoles were regarded as having partially dissolved out of the vacuoles in cryostat sections but some were plastered along the walls of the vacuoles and were depicted by the staining procedures for light microscopy. The “lined vacuoles” described by Carpenter et al. (1978) in inclusion body myositis closely agree with the rimmed vacuoles in respect of histochemical and ultrastructural features.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00687390
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  • 93
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    Electronic Resource
    Myelinated dendrites in the spinal cord of frogs (Rana esculenta) (1980)
    Springer
    Anatomy and embryology 159 (1980), S. 81-84 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0568
    Keywords: Electron microscopy ; Myelinated dendrites ; Frog ; Motoneuron ; Spinal cord
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Myelinated dendrites — probably of motoneurons — were found in the spinal cord of the frog. It is assumed that the myelin sheath, by increasing the membrane resistance, improves the function of the dendrite as a cable.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00299257
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  • 94
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    Electronic Resource
    Systemic hyalinosis or juvenile hyaline fibromatosis (1980)
    Springer
    Archives of dermatological research 267 (1980), S. 115-121 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-069X
    Keywords: Hyalinosis of the skin ; Glycosaminoglycan metabolism ; Fibroblasts ; Electron microscopy ; Tissue culture ; Hyalinose der Haut ; Glykosaminoglykan-Stoffwechsel ; Fibroblasten ; Elektronenmikroskopie ; Gewebekultur
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Durch biochemische Untersuchungen von hyalinisierten Hauttumoren der systematisierten Hyalinose (juvenile hyaline Fibromatose) zeigte sich eine gesteigerte Chondroitinsulfatsynthese von dermalen Fibroblasten, die sich in einem erweiterten rauhen endoplasmatischen Reticulum darstellt, sowie eine Steigerung des Chondroitinsulfat-Gehaltes im befallenen Hautbereich. Diese Ergebnisse weisen auf, daß es sich bei der systematisierten Hyalinose um eine Bindegewebserkrankung handelt, die durch eine abnorme Glykosaminoglykan-Synthese der Fibroblasten charakterisiert ist.
    Notes: Summary Biochemical examinations of a hyalinized skin tumor of systemic hyalinosis (juvenile hyaline fibromatosis) revealed an increase in chondroitin sulfate synthesis by skin fibroblasts with an enlarged, rough surfaced endoplasmic reticulum as well as an increase in chondroitin sulfate content. These results indicate that systemic hyalinosis is a connective tissue disorder characterized by abnormal GAG synthesis of fibroblasts.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00569097
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  • 95
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    Electronic Resource
    Hypoglycemic brain injury (1980)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 50 (1980), S. 43-52 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Hypoglycemia ; Nerve cell injury ; Electron microscopy ; Rat cerebral cortex
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Severe hypoglycemia was induced in rats by insulin. The brain was fixed in situ by perfusion after the spontaneous EEG had disappeared for 30 or 60 min or after recovery had been induced for 30 or 180 min by glucose injection. Samples from the cerebral cortex from the area corresponding to the previous metabolic studies were processed for electron microscopy. The light-microscopic finding of two different types of nerve cell injury, reported in a preceding communication (Agardh et al. 1980), was also verified at the ultrastructural level. The type I injury was characterized by cellular shrinkage, condensation of the cell sap and nuclei, and perineuronal astrocytic swelling. No swelling of mitochondria occurred. The slightly swollen type II injured neurons showed contraction of mitochondria, disintegration of ribosomes, loss of RER, and appearance of membrane whorls, while their nuclear chromatin remained evenly distributed. No transition from one type to the other was observed. Neither type of nerve cell injury in hypoglycemia was like that commonly seen in anoxic-ischemic insults indicating a different pathogenesis in these states despite the common final pathway of energy failure. The loss of endoplasmic membranes and disintegration of ribosomes suggests that these structures might be sacrificed for energy production in the absence of normal substrates. During recovery, though, the number of type I injured neurons decreased while some of the remaining ones appeared even more severely affected, suggesting irreversible damage. Type II injured neurons were no longer seen indicating reversibility of these changes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00688533
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  • 96
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    Electronic Resource
    Changes in the contralateral dentate gyrus in Mongolian gerbils subjected to unilateral cerebral ischemia (1980)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 50 (1980), S. 121-129 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Cerebral infarction ; Cerebral ischemia ; Collateral sprouting ; Electron microscopy ; Mongolian gerbil ; Terminal degeneration
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Distinct morphological changes were demonstrated in the contralateral hemisphere in the brains of Mongolian gerbils that were subjected to transient unilateral cerebral ischemia. The alterations were most obvious in a narrow region of the contralateral dentate gyrus (fascia dentata), where commissural inputs to the dentate gyrus are known to form synapses with the dentate granule cells. Electron microscopic examination revealed that these changes were caused by degenerative processes which took place in presynaptic terminals of the commissural inputs. An interesting fact was that the degenerated terminals were detected by light microscopy without the aid of special silver impregnation methods. After 1 week, these alterations almost disappeared, and after 3 months the dentate gyrus was undistinguishable from normal. These results strongly suggest that the changes were closely related to axonal degeneration and subsequent repair mechanisms of the brain. The present study indicates the importance of such anatomo-pathological study to delineate the effect of focal ischemia upon distant areas of the brain.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00692862
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  • 97
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    Electronic Resource
    An ultrastructural study on the cerebellum of the brindled mouse (1980)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 52 (1980), S. 41-50 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Kinky hair syndrome ; Brindled mouse ; Purkinje cell ; Mitochondria ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Chronological morphological alterations of the cerebellum, with particular attention to the Purkinje cells, were investigated in the brindled mottled MObr mouse, a neurological mutant mouse with close clinical similarity to Kinky hair syndrome (KHS) in humans. Seven days post-natally, slight irregularity in the morphology of mitochondria of the Purkinje cell perikarya was the only significant difference between hemizygous MObr mice and litter mate controls. With advancing age the mitochondrial change became more pronounced gradually in the former, not only in the perikarya but also in the dendrites. However, by day 31 or later the mitochondrial change subsided gradually and by day 91, the mitochondria in the majority of Purkinje cells became indistinguishable from those of littermate controls. Despite the extensive mitochondrial alteration, degeneration and necrosis of Purkinje cells were rather mild. Degeneration of white matter was quite conspicuous in the mutant mouse older than 31 days. These morphological changes of the cerebellum are compared with those of other neurological mutant mice, Nervous and Purkinje cell degeneration, and with KHS in humans.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00687227
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  • 98
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Spheroids and altered axons in the spinal gray matter of the normal cat (1980)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 52 (1980), S. 213-222 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Axonal alterations ; Spinal gray matter ; Normal cat ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary In our recent ultrastructural studies on synapses of the nucleus dorsalis, central cervical nucleus, and anterior horn of the spinal cord of the normal cat we happened to find spheroids and several types of axonal alterations. These spheroids were up to 39 μm in diameter. They were found in myelinated and unmyelinated terminal axons and at the node of Ranvier and showed two different types of internal structure. One type was large and composed of spirally arranged neurofilaments and mitochondria in increased quantity, although the mean population density of mitochondria was not high being 1.4/μm2 as compared to the normal value 2.0/μm2. Another type was smaller and consisted of small mitochondria and dense bodies which were increased in number: their mean population densities were 4.5/μm2 and 1.9/μm2, respectively. At present, the rare occurrence of spheroids and atypical axonal alterations makes it difficult to determine the origin of affected axons, although some of them presumably arise from primary afferents.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00705809
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  • 99
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Experimental elastosis induced by chronic ultraviolet exposure (1980)
    Springer
    Archives of dermatological research 269 (1980), S. 39-49 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-069X
    Keywords: Mouse skin ; UV-light ; Experimental elastosis ; Light microscopy ; Electron microscopy ; Mäusehaut ; ultraviolettes Licht ; experimentelle Elastose ; Lichtmikroskopie ; Elektronenmikroskopie
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Der Einfluß chronischer UV-Lichteinwirkung auf das dermale Bindegewebe der Nacktmaus (Ng/-) wurde licht- und elektronenmikroskopisch untersucht (25 Tiere; Dauer der Bestrahlung 8,5 Monate; tägliche Strahlendosis 40±2 J/cm2). Die induzierten Bindegewebsveränderungen entsprechen weitgehend dem Bild, wie es bei der menschlichen aktinischen Elastose angetroffen wird.
    Notes: Summary The effect of long-term ultraviolet irradiation on the connective tissue of the skin was investigated in 25 naked (Ng/-) mice which received a total daily radiant dose of 40±2 J/cm2 for a period of 8.5 months. The produced alterations were very similar to those found in actinic elastosis of humans, as assessed by histologic and electron-microscopic criteria.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00404456
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  • 100
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Café au lait spots in Ataxia-telangiectasia (A.T.) (1980)
    Springer
    Archives of dermatological research 268 (1980), S. 91-99 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-069X
    Keywords: Hypermelanosis ; Café au lait spot ; Ataxia-telangiectasia ; Electron microscopy ; Hypermelanose ; Café au lait-Flecken ; Ataxia teleangiectasia ; Elektronenmikroskopie
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Café au lait-Flecken scheinen eine der Hautzeichen der Ataxia teleangiectasia zu sein. Sie sind durch eine epidermale Hypermelanosis mit einer normalen Melanocytenzahl charakterisiert. Vom subcellulären Gesichtspunkt wurden zwei wesentliche Abnormalitäten beobachtet. 1. Eine Erhöhung der Synthese von Melanosomen 2. eine Modifikation ihrer Verteilung innerhalb der epidermalen Keratinocyten. Zahlreiche Melanocyten sind in der oberen Epidermis aufzufinden. Auch veränderte Melanocyten sind zu beobachten. Diese zeigen Erweiterung der Mitochondrien, Entwicklung melanosomaler autophagischer Vacuolen, wie auch Fett-Tropfen. Diese Abnormalitäten wurden nicht in der umgebenden normalen Haut aufgefunden. Die Signifikanz dieser Beobachtungen wird diskutiert. Es wird auf die Schweirigkeiten hingewiesen, die aufgrund der histoenzymologischen und ultrastrukturellen Gegebenheiten eine Differentialdiagnose der Café au lait-Flecken ermöglichen könnte.
    Notes: Summary Café au lait spots appear to represent one of the cutaneous features of Ataxia-telangiectasia (A.T.). At the cellular level, they are characterized by an epidermal hypermelanosis with a normal number of melanocytes. At the subcellular level, two basic abnormalities are observed: (1) an increase in the synthesis of melanosome; (2) a modification of their distribution within the epidermal keratinocytes. Numerous pendulous melanocytes project into the upper dermis. Altered melanocytes are also observed. These show mitochondrial dilatation, melanosomal autophagic vacuoles, as well as lipid droplets. These abnormalities are not observed in the normal surrounding skin. The significance of these observations is discussed and stress is placed on the difficulty in establishing a differential diagnosis of café au lait spots, based on their histoenzymological and ultrastructural features.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00403891
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