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  • 1
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Rheumatology international 15 (1995), S. 89-93 
    ISSN: 1437-160X
    Schlagwort(e): SLE Lupus ; BBV transformation ; Genetics
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract Epstein-Barr-virus (EBV)-transformed lymphoblastoid B-cell lines were generated from peripheral blood lymphocytes of 55 patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and 44 healthy relatives. All donors have previously been extensively characterized with regard to clinical, serologic, and genetic parameters. Here, peripheral blood lymphocytes and lines were characterized for cell surface antigens. Furthermore, autoantibody production and proliferation rate of the cell lines were monitored. A significant difference between patients and relatives was the lower proliferation rate of EBV-transformed cell lines of the SLE patients. All SLE cell lines are available for interested researches and can be obtained from the European Cell Bank, Salisbury, UK.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 2
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    International journal of legal medicine 107 (1995), S. 301-305 
    ISSN: 1437-1596
    Schlagwort(e): Hair ; Opiates ; Drug monitoring ; Ultrastructure ; Environmental conditions ; Hair damage Cosmetic treatment
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin , Rechtswissenschaft
    Notizen: Abstract Hair samples were taken at autopsy from the head of 1 male and 1 female subject both known as drug abusers. Some of the strands were bleached by in-vitro cosmetic treatment. The bleached hair as well as the original hair samples were partly exposed to water or soil prior to further investigations and drug monitoring. The exposure times were 4 weeks or 6 months for water and 6 months for soil. The hair fibers were examined by transmission electron microscope (TEM) and by scanning electron microscope (SEM) investigations. The electron microscope studies confirmed that all experimental conditions had produced morphological alterations in the hair fibers. After exposure to water or to soil for 6 months as well as after storage of the clipped bleached hair in tap water at room temperature for 4 weeks, drug monitoring of formerly positive hair samples gave negative results. After storage of natural hair in soil or in water for 4 weeks the opiate levels had dramatically decreased. The samples were screened by fluorescence polarization immunoassay after enzymatic digestion. The results were confirmed by GC/MS.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Schlagwort(e): Adrenergic receptors ; Human genetics ; Restriction fragment length polymorphism ; Chromosome mapping ; Linkage ; Genetics
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract We have genetically mapped the genes encoding four human adrenergic receptors (ARs) of subtypes α1C, α2A, α2B, and β1, which are prototypic G protein coupled receptors that mediate the physiological effects of neurotransmitters, hormones, and drugs. We placed these genes onto the Cooperative Human Linkage Center (CHLC) and Genethon framework maps, within confidence intervals with greater than 1000∶1 odds. With multipoint analysis the α1C gene (locus ADRA1C) mapped to the interval between NEFL and D8S283; α2-C4, the gene encoding the α2C AR (locus ADRA2C), mapped to the interval between D4S126 and D4S62; and the α2-C10 (α2A AR)/β1 haplotype (loci ADRA2A/ ADRB1) mapped to the interval between D10S259 and D10S187. A fifth AR gene, β2, yielded significant LOD scores with markers on the long arm of chromosome 5; however, this locus (ADRB2) could not be mapped to any specific interval with odds of greater than 1000∶1. The two AR genes that are completely linked, α2-C10 and β1, were oriented on their shared 225-kb genomic fragment relative to the direction of transcription, with β1 being 5′ to α2-C10. The positioning of these genes on high-density framework maps allows them to be tested as candidates in a spectrum of diseases that might involve AR dysfunction.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 4
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Schlagwort(e): Atherosclerosis ; Hypertension ; Type 2 diabetes ; Genetics
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract In the search for new risk factors for diabetic macroangiopathy the insertion/deletion (I/D) polymorphism in the angiotensin-converting enzyme gene was studied in 237 consecutive patients (125 men and 112 women) with non-insulin-dependent diabetes. The female population showed an excess of ischemic electro-cardiographic changes or definite myocardial infarctions in the patients homozygous for the deletion [D/D; odds ratio (OR) 2.8; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.4–5.3] and in the insertion/deletion heterozygotes (I/D; OR 1.8; CI 1.1–3.1) compared with the patients homozygous for the insertion (I/I). In the total series coronary heart disease, cerebrovascular disease, and claudication were more often observed in the patients with I/D (OR 1.5; CI 1.0–2.2) or the D/D genotype patients (OR 1.7; CI 1.1–2.6) than in those with the genotype I/I. The systolic blood pressure was lower in patients with genotype I/I (138±19 mmHg) than in those with the genotype I/D (149±22 mmHg) or D/D (150±21 mmHg; P〈0.02). The prevalence of hypertension and the median urinary albumin excretion rate also tended to be lowest in the I/I genotype patients. Multiple logistic analysis revealed that in women the angiotensin-converting enzyme D/D genotype is independently associated with coronary heart disease. Our findings suggest that variation at the angiotensin-converting enzyme gene locus is one of the factors involved in the predisposition of diabetic patients to the development of arterial disease and hypertension.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 5
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 426 (1995), S. 493-500 
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Schlagwort(e): Autoimmune myocarditis ; Cardiac myosin ; Dendritic cell ; Macrophage ; Ultrastructure
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract The precise mechanism of myosin-induced autoimmune myocarditis is unknown. The purpose of the present study was to define the immunohistological and ultrastructural characteristics of the infiltrating cells, especially in the initial phase of the myocarditis. It was demonstrated that OX6-positive dendritic cells first infiltrated the cardiocytes on day 13 after immunization. After day 17, OX6-positive cells, which possessed elongated irregular-shaped processes on the cell surface but contained few phago-lysosomes in the cytoplasm, were located at the margin of an inflammatory field and inserted their processes into the sarcoplasm of cardiocytes. The central portion of the inflammatory field was occupied by ED1-positive inflammatory macrophages, which were rich in phagosomes and which were in contact with degenerating cardiocytes. No evidence was obtained which suggested that lymphocytes directly injured the cardiocytes. These results demonstrated ultrastructural evidence that the type of infiltrating cell that first injures cardiocytes is the cardiac dendritic cell. Inflammatory macrophages thereafter serve as scavengers of degenerating cardiocytes.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 6
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Schlagwort(e): Hallervorden-Spatz disease ; Infantile neuroaxonal dystrophy ; Axonal dystrophy ; Ultrastructure ; Cytoskeletal proteins
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract An immunohistochemical and ultrastructural analysis of dystrophic axons (DAs) in the brain and peripheral nerve of a patient with familial infantile neuroaxonal dystrophy (INAD) and in the brain of a patient with familial Hallervorden-Spatz Disease (HSD) revealed prevalent membrano-tubular or granulo-vesicular profiles with a graded pattern of evolution in INAD, while dense bodies, vesicles and amorphous material were pressent in HSD. DAs immunoreactivity with τ-protein and 200 kDa-neurofilament antibodies was stronger in HSD than in INAD. In both cases immunohistochemistry was positive for ubiquitin and negative for β-tubulin and β-amyloid. Distinct ultrastructural features and immunoreactivity pattern of cytoskeletal components suggest different pathogenetic mechanisms.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 7
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Schlagwort(e): Gastrointestinal autonomic nerve tumours ; Ultrastructure
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract Gastrointestinal stromal tumours (GIST) represent a heterogeneous group whose classification frequently requires ultrastructural and immunohistochemical studies. In a retrospective study of the ultrastructural findings of 24 gastrointestinal stromal tumours, whose light microscopic study has yielded ambiguous results and in which accurate diagnosis had required ultrastructural support, seven were found to have the characteristics of gastrointestinal autonomic nerve (GAN) tumours. In all of them the diagnosis was based on the presence of dendritic processes with dense neuroendocrine granules. Immunohistochemically, the seven tumours were negative for smooth-muscle markers. All stained positively for vimentin. NSE, chromogranin, and synaptophysin were positive in most of them, while S-100 protein was positive only in two cases. We present the ultrastructural and immunohistochemical features of seven GANT against the background of the GISTs of our series. We conclude that GAN tumours cannot be diagnosed by light microscopy alone but this tumour group displays characteristic electron microscopic and immunohistochemical features and appears to represent a distinct type of GIST.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 8
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Schlagwort(e): Key words Alzheimer's disease ; Neurofibrillary ; tangles ; Amyloid ; Ultrastructure ; Immunohistochemistry
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract Senile plaque and paired helical filament (PHF) formation are characteristic of Alzheimer's disease, but the mechanisms leading to these lesions still remain unclear. To understand them better, we have performed different immunolabellings of amyloid protein and PHF. We describe a very specific immunodetection of PHF with AD2, a monoclonal antibody directed against a hyperphosphorylated epitope of PHF-tau, and use double immunolabelling to show that PHF and plaque amyloid are discretely labelled by different antibodies. We also discuss different mechanisms of PHF maturation.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 9
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Schlagwort(e): Key words Familial amyloid polyneuropathy ; Transthyretin ; Ultrastructure ; Lectin histochemistry ; Morphometry
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract We performed extensive quantitative analyses of the peripheral nervous system (PNS) of two siblings with familial amyloid polyneuropathy (FAP) caused by a transthyretin (TTR) Gly42 mutation. Pronounced amyloid deposition was found in the sympathetic ganglia (SyG), dorsal root ganglia (DRG) and throughout the length of the peripheral nerve fibers with some accentuation in the more proximal portion. There was severe neuronal loss in the SyG and DRG together with nerve fiber depletion in the nerve trunk, while only a small amount of amyloid deposition with mild fiber loss was seen in the spinal roots. Sprouts of regenerating axons were very scanty even in the spinal nerves or roots. A teased fiber study mainly showed demyelinating fibers, but axonal degeneration was also present throughout peripheral nerves. An electron microscopic study showed fine amyloid fibrils in direct contact with the axoplasmic membrane of demyelinated axons and destruction of axons in some areas. Amyloid deposition within the PNS in this type of FAP resembled that in type I FAP (TTR Met30). However, direct axonal damage by amyloid fibrils appeared to be more prominent in our cases than in type I FAP. Lectin histochemistry using Ulex europaeus agglutinin I demonstrated preferential depletion of small neurons in the DRG and their primary afferent fibers in the spinal dorsal horn. Primary axonal degeneration and ganglionopathy due to amyloid deposition appear to be the pathogenetic mechanisms for peripheral neuropathy in this type of FAP.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 10
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 91 (1995), S. 23-30 
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Schlagwort(e): Key words Protoplasmic astrocyte ; Secondary ; lysosome ; Immunohistochemistry ; Ultrastructure
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract By hybridizing mouse myeloma cells with spleen cells from a BALB/c mouse immunized with the glial cell-rich fraction prepared from an autopsied human brain, we established a hybridoma that produces a monoclonal antibody to protoplasmic astrocytes (PA). The antibody, named PRAS-1, consistently labeled cytoplasm of PA with a granular pattern. In a few cases, the cytoplasmic processes of several astrocytes in gray and white matter were also stained. The immunoreactivity was lost after periodic acid treatment or methylation, showing that the epitope is composed of a carbohydrate. The cytoplasmic reaction was resistant to protease digestion and lost after incubation in an organic solvent, suggesting that a glycolipid is the antigen. On the other hand, the reaction in the processes disappeared upon protease digestion. Ultrastructurally, the immunoreaction was localized to secondary lysosomes. Cross-reactivity was noted on a small number of incidental neurons, corpora amylacea, hepatocytes and esophageal epithelial cells. A long period of formalin fixation did not deteriorate the antigenicity. PRAS-1 was demonstrated to detect PA immunohistochemically on paraffin sections, and may be applicable to further investigations into development or neoplasms of human astrocytes.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 11
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Schlagwort(e): Familial amyloid polyneuropathy ; Transthyretin ; Ultrastructure ; Lectin histochemistry ; Morphometry
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract We performed extensive quantitative analyses of the peripheral nervous system (PNS) of two siblings with familial amyloid polyneuropathy (FAP) caused by a transthyretin (TTR) Gly42 mutation. Pronounced amyloid deposition was found in the sympathetic ganglia (SyG), dorsal root ganglia (DRG) and throughout the length of the peripheral nerve fibers with some accentuation in the more proximal portion. There was severe neuronal loss in the SyG and DRG together with nerve fiber depletion in the nerve trunk, while only a small amount of amyloid deposition with mild fiber loss was seen in the spinal roots. Sprouts of regenerating axons were very scanty even in the spinal nerves or roots. A teased fiber study mainly showed demyelinating fibers, but axonal degeneration was also present throughout peripheral nerves. An electron microscopic study showed fine amyloid fibrils in direct contact with the axoplasmic membrane of demyelinated axons and destruction of axons in some areas. Amyloid deposition within the PNS in this type of FAP resembled that in type I FAP (TTR Met30). However, direct axonal damage by amyloid fibrils appeared to be more prominent in our cases than in type I FAP. Lectin histochemistry using Ulex europaeus agglutinin I demonstrated preferential depletion of small neurons in the DRG and their primary afferent fibers in the spinal dorsal horn. Primary axonal degeneration and ganglionopathy due to amyloid deposition appear to be the pathogenetic mechanisms for peripheral neuropathy in this type of FAP.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 12
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Schlagwort(e): Key words Cerebellar degeneration ; Methylmercury ; intoxication ; Apoptosis ; Ultrastructure
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract This report deals with the mechanism involved in the cerebellar degeneration following experimental methylmercury poisoning of male Wistar rats. The cerebellar granule cells of animals that exhibited typical hind leg paresis were shrunken and displayed marked nuclear pyknosis. At the ultrastructural level, the nuclei of these cells were condensed and fragmented, features which are characteristic of apoptosis. In situ staining for DNA strand breaks revealed that the pyknotic nuclei were positively labeled. DNA fragmentation was confirmed by agarose gel electrophoresis; a ladder pattern of multiples of approximately 200-base pair fragments, typical of apoptosis, was observed with the cerebellar DNA of the methylmercury-treated animals. These observations suggest that the degeneration of cerebellar granule cells by alkyl mercury compounds involves an apoptotic process.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 13
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Schlagwort(e): Primitive neuroepithelial tumor ; Desmoplastic small cell tumor ; Brain tumor of infancy Immunocytochemistry ; Genetics
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract We describe a case of a desmoplastic brain tumor which was initially resected from the right fronto-temporal region in a 2 year-old boy. This nodular, calcified tumor was vascularized by the internal carotid artery and the middle meningeal artery branches. Grossly, it contained several mucoid cysts. Light microscopy showed cords or nests of small cuboidal cells surrounded by a loose connective tissue and desmoplasic areas containing fibers and spindle cells. The cuboidal cells expressed epithelial, neuronal and neuroendocrine markers. Some foci of spindle cells showed glial differentiation. The tumor recurred 16 months later and displayed some characteristics of the small cell neuroepithelial component, mitoses being conspicuous. Electron microscopy revealed undifferentiated clear cells, some containing neurosecretory granules. Karyotyping demonstrated the following formula: 〈 15 〉 46, t(8;11) (a13; q11). The chromosome 11 breakpoint was different from that described in Ewing's sarcoma. This isolated translocation has not been previously reported to our knowledge. These unusual features lead us to report this case and to discuss its pathogenesis.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 14
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Schlagwort(e): Alzheimer's disease ; Neurofibrillary tangles ; Amyloid ; Ultrastructure ; Immunohistochemistry
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract Senile plaque and paired helical filament (PHF) formation are characteristic of Alzheimer's disease, but the mechanisms leading to these lesions still remain unclear. To understand them better, we have performed different immunolabellings of amyloid protein and PHF. We describe a very specific immunodetection of PHF with AD2, a monoclonal antibody directed against a hyperphosphorylated epitope of PHF-tau, and use double immunolabelling to show that PHF and plaque amyloid are discretely labbeled by different antibodies. We also discuss different mechanisms of PHF maturation.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 15
    ISSN: 1432-041X
    Schlagwort(e): Oogenesis ; Cytoskeleton ; Accessory nuclei ; Ultrastructure
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract Oocytes of hymenopterans are equipped with peculiar organelles termed accessory nuclei. These organelles originate from the germinal vesicle (oocyte nucleus) and gather preferentially at the anterior pole. To gain insight into the mechanism of uneven (asymmetrical) distribution of accessory nuclei, the organization of the microtubule cytoskeleton in the oocytes of two hymenopterans Chrysis ignita and Cosmoconus meridionator has been studied. It is shown that during late previtellogenesis two networks of microtubules are present along the contact zone between the oocyte and enveloping follicular epithelium. The external one is associated with belt desmosomes connecting neighbouring follicular cells. The internal network is composed of randomly orientated microtubules and separates transparent, organelle-free periplasm from the endoplasm. All cellular organelles and the germinal vesicle are localized in the endoplasm. Accessory nuclei are accumulated in the anterior endoplasm; they always lie in direct contact with the subcortical network. Treatment with colchicine results in the disappearance of the periplasm as well as in the redistribution of cellular organelles including accessory nuclei. Presented findings suggest that subcortical microtubules play an important role in the positioning of accessory nuclei throughout the ooplasm.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 16
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Der Pathologe 16 (1995), S. 1-10 
    ISSN: 1432-1963
    Schlagwort(e): Schlüsselwörter Hämatopoietische Stammzellen ; CD 34+-Progenitorzellen ; Morphologie ; Ultrastruktur ; Antigenität ; Funktion ; Key words Haematopoietic stem cells ; CD 34+ progenitor cells ; Morphology ; Ultrastructure ; Antigen expression ; Function
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Summary Pluripotential haematopoietic stem cells and their progeny, the so-called committed precursor cells, i. e., progenitor cells which are already lineage-restricted, may be identified by the membrane-bound expression of CD 34. In accordance with this peculiar property it became possible to enrich and characterize primitive precursor cells by using different methods of cell separation techniques, which involved fluorescence staining or ferro-magnetic particles bound to CD 34 antibodies. Recently conducted studies demonstrate that CD 34-positive (CD 34+) stem cells of the peripheral blood represent a relatively uniform cell population with almost round nuclei, a finely dispersed chromatin pattern and a small portion of weakly basophilic cytoplasm. From the cytological viewpoint they resemble so-called large stimulated lymphocytes (virocytes). Ultrastructural studies are compatible with a paucity of organelles and a lymphoid character of these progenitors. In comparison, the stem cell population, derived from the bone marrow consists of more heterogeneous elements. These are generally larger and reveal an admixture of fairly immature as well as more differentiated cells, sharing bean-shaped or indented nuclei with prominent nucleoli and a more extended cytoplasm. CD 34+ progenitors from the peripheral blood and those from the bone marrow display a co-expression of CD 43 (MT1) and CD 45 (LCA). Furthermore, different subpopulations exhibit – dependent on their origin (blood/bone marrow) and to a various extent – lineage-restricted markers like CD 33, CD 38, CD 61, CD 20, CD 11a/c, glycophorin C und CD 15 (LeuM 1). The recently developed immuno- and ferromagnetic enrichment methods for CD 34+ progenitor cells are considered innovative tools for modern oncology. These techniques play an important role in the treatment of haematological malignancies and advanced tumours in the context of autologous and, although so far rarely applied, heterologous stem cell transplantation procedures.
    Notizen: Zusammenfassung Hämatopoietische Stammzellen, d. h. Progenitorzellen, die bereits in Richtung einer bestimmten Zellreihe festgelegt sind, lassen sich immunzytochemisch durch Nachweis der membranständigen Expression von CD 34 darstellen. Aufgrund dieser Eigenschaft ist es möglich geworden, Vorläuferzellen durch unterschiedliche Zellseparationsverfahren anzureichern und genauer zu charakterisieren. Neuere Untersuchungen zeigen, daß CD 34-positive (CD 34+-) Stammzellen des Blutes einer relativ uniformen Zellpopulation angehören. Zytologisch deuten sie in Routinefärbungen Aspekte sog. lymphoider Reizformen bzw. Virozyten an. Ultrastrukturelle Untersuchungen bestätigen den relativ organellenarmen Charakter der Progenitorzellen. Vergleichsweise stellt sich die entsprechende Zellpopulation aus dem Knochenmark als wesentlich heterogeneres Zellgemisch dar. Sowohl die CD 34+-Stammzellen des Blutes wie des Knochenmarks weisen eine Expression von CD 43 (MT1) und CD 45 (LCA) auf. Weiterhin zeigen Subpopulationen in Abhängigkeit von ihrem Vorkommen (Peripherie/Knochenmark) und in unterschiedlicher Ausprägung linienspezifische Marker. Die kürzlich entwickelten, v. a. immunomagnetischen Anreicherungsverfahren für CD 34+-Stammzellen stellen bedeutende Perspektiven für die moderne Onkologie dar. Sie sind insbesondere für die Therapie hämatologischer Neoplasien und fortgeschrittener maligner Tumoren im Rahmen von Stammzelltransplantationen, von größter klinischer Bedeutung.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 17
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Sexual plant reproduction 8 (1995), S. 129-132 
    ISSN: 1432-2145
    Schlagwort(e): Sex control ; Disomic segregation ; Dioecy Kiwifruit ; Genetics
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract The sex segregation ratio was checked in bi-parental families of Actinidia deliciosa (2n=6x=174) obtained by crossing four females (A12, Mo3, Br4, Hw1) with two males (T2, M1) and one fruiting male (M3h, subandroecious) according to a factorial mating design. The M3h fruiting male was also selfed. The sex ratio was checked in maternal families of A. kolomikta (2n=2x) and A. chinensis (2n=2x) as well as in A. deliciosa. Seedlings of both diploid species took 3–4 years to progress beyond juvenility, whereas a noticeable number of seedlings from biparental crosses of A. deliciosa involving A12 and Hw1 as seed parents were still non-flowering after seven growing seasons. Open-pollinated families of both diploid and hexaploid species as well as most families from biparental crosses showed a sex segregation ratio approaching 1∶1. Subandroecious lines with different degrees of ovary and pistil development appeared in proportions of 0–4.2%, depending on the cross, but only 6 of the 2567 male vines checked were capable of setting fruit. No case of self-fertility or apomixis was detected among 1866 bagged female vines. Selfed M3h progenies gave only female and male phenotypes in a ratio of 1 female to 3 males. No off-type vines were found among these progenies. The same disomic sex segregation ratio seems to be operating at different ploidy levels in the genus Actinidia. Since selfed fruiting males produced both female and male individuals, the male sex appears to be the heterogametic one. Such evidence indicates that a monofactorial system based on one or more linked genes or on an X/Y chromosome set must be controlling sex expression. How a monofactorial sex-determining mechanism could operate in polyploids to give a 1∶1 female: male ratio is discussed. Minor modifying gene(s) seem to be responsible for the feminization of males, and their expression appears enhanced by environmental conditions. Masculinizing gene(s) seem to be lacking in female genotypes.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 18
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Sexual plant reproduction 8 (1995), S. 197-204 
    ISSN: 1432-2145
    Schlagwort(e): Apomixis ; Apospory ; Aposporous initial ; Aposporous embryo sac ; Ultrastructure ; Panicum
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract The nucellar ultrastructure of apomictic Panicum maximum was analyzed during the meiocytic stage and during aposporous embryo sac formation. At pachytene the megameiocyte shows a random cell organelle distribution and sometimes only an incomplete micropylar callose wall. The chalazal nucellar cells are meristematic until the tetrad stage. They can turn into initial cells of aposporous embryo sacs. The aposporous initials can be recognized by their increased cell size, large nucleus, and the presence of many vesicles. The cell wall is thin with few plasmodesmata. If only a sexual embryo sac is formed, the nucellar cells retain their meristematic character. The aposporous initial cell is somewhat comparable to a vacuolated functional megaspore. It shows large vacuoles around the central nucleus and is surrounded by a thick cell wall without plasmodesmata. In the mature aposporous embryo sac the structure of the cells of the egg apparatus is similar to each other. In the chalazal part of the egg apparatus the cell walls are thin and do not hamper the transfer of sperm cells. Structural and functional aspects of nucellar cell differentiation and aposporous and sexual embryo sac development are discussed.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 19
    ISSN: 1432-2072
    Schlagwort(e): Opioid ; Genetics ; Self-administration ; CXBK/ByJ ; Reinforcement
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract It is commonly thought thatμ-receptors play an important role in the reinforcing effects of opioids. In the present study, inbred strains widely divergent in CNS opiate receptor densities were used to investigate the influence of genetic variation in receptor concentration on opioid-reinforced behavior. In particular, the CXBK/ByJ mice were used as an investigative tool because of their significantly lower number of CNSμ opioid receptors. The behavioral pharmacology of opioids in theμ-deficient CXBK/ByJ mice was compared to other commonly used inbred mouse strains, C57BL/6J and BALB/cJ, and the opiate receptor rich CXBH/ByJ mice. Operant opioid reinforced behavior, opioid-induced locomotor stimulation, analgesia and respiratory depression were investigated in all four inbred strains. To assess the acquisition and maintenance of opioid reinforced behavior, oral self-administration of the potent benzimidazole opioid, etonitazene, was determined using an operant fixed-ratio schedule of reinforcement (FR 8). Acquisition of etonitazene-reinforced behavior was established in all four strains including theμ-deficient CXBK/ByJ mice. However, there were significant genetic differences in the amount of drug intake during the maintenance of opioid-reinforced behavior and extinction behavior following vehicle substitution. For example, drug intake was significantly greater in the BK versus BH mice during the maintenance phase and an extinction burst was seen in the BH but not the BK mice following vehicle substitution. Thus,μ-receptor density may not account for individual variability in the acquisition of opioid-reinforced behavior under these conditions. Sensitivity to etonitazene-induced respiratory depression, stimulation of locomotor activity and analgesia were unrelated to drug intake during self-administration sessions across these four inbred strains. These data indicate that inherited differences in CNSμ-opiate receptor concentrations do not affect acquisition of etonitazene-reinforced behavior.
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  • 20
    ISSN: 1432-2072
    Schlagwort(e): Cocaine ; Quantitative trait loci ; Seizure ; Recombinant inbred strains ; Genetics
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract Among inbred mice, genetic factors mediate differences in sensitivity to the convulsant properties of cocaine; however, the gene(s) underlying cocaine's effects have not been identified. To help elucidate the gene(s) responsible for cocaine seizure susceptibility, we used recombinant inbred-quantitative trait loci (RI-QTL) analyses to identify chromosomal loci associated with cocaine-induced seizures. RI-QTL analyses seek to identify associations between a quantitative measure of a particular phenotype and one or more previously mapped marker genes across a panel of RI strains. This report describes an RI-QTL analysis of cocaine seizure susceptibility among 26 BXD RI strains. These strains showed a skewed, bimodal range of seizure susceptibility which could be the result of one or more modifying genes acting in concert with a major gene to influence cocaine sensitivity. Correlating the percent seizures displayed by each strain following 60 mg/kg cocaine with chromosomal marker data for these strains revealed a number of significant correlations clustered in two regions on chromosomes 12 and 6. This is the first identification of putative chromosomal loci associated with a cocaine-related phenotype and should facilitate identification of the gene(s) underlying cocaine toxicity and other cocaine-related phenotypes.
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  • 21
    ISSN: 1432-1076
    Schlagwort(e): Key words Osteogenesis imperfecta ; Collagen I ; Mosaicism ; Genetics ; Recurrence risk
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract Osteogenesis imperfecta (OI), a dominantly inherited connective tissue disorder, is usually caused by defects in collagen I. There is growing evidence for parental mosaicism that results in affected children born to unaffected parents. This situation poses a difficult task for the geneticist because a mosaic parent may appear clinically healthy while carrying the mutation in a fraction of her or his gonadal cells. To illustrate this problem, we report a Swiss couple whose first child was affected with severe OI. The unexpected recurrence of the disorder in the second child raised the suspicion of a recessive trait or, rather, of parental mosaicism. We identified the responsible collagen mutation in the COL1A2 gene (Gly688Ser in the α2(I)-chain) in both children and demonstrated the father to be a somatic mosaic for this mutation and to have subtle clinical signs such as soft skin and short stature that may be a result of his mosaic state.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 22
    ISSN: 1432-1076
    Schlagwort(e): Floating-Harbor syndrome ; Growth retardation ; Dysmorphology ; Genetics
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract Abstract The Floating-Harbor syndrome is a growth retardation syndrome with delayed bone age, speech development, and typical facial features. The face is triangular with deep-set eyes, long eyelashes, bulbous nose, wide columella, short philtrum, and thin lips. We present an additional patient and review 16 cases from the literature. The possible phenotype in the patient's mother suggests a dominant mode of inheritance for the syndrome. Conclusion The Floating Harbor syndrome is a growth deficiency syndrome characterized by proportionate short stature, characteristic face and delayed speech development. Inheritance is possibly autosomal dominant.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 23
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    European journal of pediatrics 154 (1995), S. 654-657 
    ISSN: 1432-1076
    Schlagwort(e): Fetal development ; Brain diseases ; Genetics
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract We report two female siblings with the fetal brain disruption sequence. Extensive investigation of both children failed to define a definitive aetiology but clinical and laboratory findings are consistent with a hitherto unknown storage disease. We postulate that the accumulation of a neurotoxic metabolite may be responsible for the disease phenotype observed. This is the first report of recurrence of the fetal brain disruption sequence and supports the existence of a genetic form of this condition. Previous reports have emphasized possible environmental aetiologies. Infants with fetal brain disruption sequence should be investigated exhaustively and, in the absence of definitive evidence of an environmental cause, the possibility of a genetic aetiology should be considered. In some families the recurrence risk may be as high as one in four.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 24
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    European journal of pediatrics 154 (1995), S. 654-657 
    ISSN: 1432-1076
    Schlagwort(e): Key words Fetal development ; Brain diseases ; Genetics
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract We report two female siblings with the fetal brain disruption sequence. Extensive investigation of both children failed to define a definitive aetiology but clinical and laboratory findings are consistent with a hitherto unknown storage disease. We postulate that the accumulation of a neurotoxic metabolite may be responsible for the disease phenotype observed. This is the first report of recurrence of the fetal brain disruption sequence and supports the existence of a genetic form of this condition. Previous reports have emphasized possible environmental aetiologies. Infants with fetal brain disruption sequence should be investigated exhaustively and, in the absence of definitive evidence of an environmental cause, the possibility of a genetic aetiology should be considered. In some families the recurrence risk may be as high as one in four.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 25
    ISSN: 1432-1076
    Schlagwort(e): Key words Floating-Harbor ; syndrome ; Growth retardation ; Dysmorphology ; Genetics
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract The Floating-Harbor syndrome is a growth retardation syndrome with delayed bone age, speech development, and typical facial features. The face is triangular with deep-set eyes, long eyelashes, bulbous nose, wide columella, short philtrum, and thin lips. We present an additional patient and review 16 cases from the literature. The possible phenotype in the patient's mother suggests a dominant mode of inheritance for the syndrome. Conclusion The Floating Harbor syndrome is a growth deficiency syndrome characterized by proportionate short stature, characteristic face and delayed speech development. Inheritance is possibly autosomal dominant.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 26
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Journal of neurology 242 (1995), S. 508-511 
    ISSN: 1432-1459
    Schlagwort(e): Dystonia ; Torticollis ; Blepharospasm ; Genetics
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract The inheritance of focal dystonias was investigated in 43 families containing 43 index cases with torticollis (n = 21), blepharospasm (n = 18) and writer's cramp (n = 4). They generated a potential population of 235 first-degree relatives, and 168 out of 179 living first-degree relatives were examined. Ten relatives with dystonia were identified in ten families. Another two parents from two of the same group of ten families were affected according to the family history. The majority of the secondary cases (six patients, five siblings, and one child) were not aware of any dystonia. The tendency for affected relatives to have the same type of dystonia as index patients was observed only for torticollis. Overall, 23% of index patients had relatives with dystonia. Segregation analysis suggested the presence of an autosomal dominant gene or genes with reduced penetrante underlying focal dystonia.
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  • 27
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Der Hautarzt 46 (1995), S. 394-399 
    ISSN: 1432-1173
    Schlagwort(e): Schlüsselwörter Malignes Melanom ; Genetische Instabilität ; Genetik ; Syndrom der dysplastischen Nävi ; Xeroderma pigmentosum ; Key words Malignant melanoma ; Genetic instability ; Genetics ; Dysplastic nevus syndrome ; Xeroderma pigmentosum
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Summary Exposure of the skin to ultraviolet irradiation is an important risk factor for the development of malignant melanoma, with UVA possibly playing an important role. Hereditary factors are also relevant. In the dysplastic nevus syndrome a genetic instability has been shown by different methods. In xeroderma pigmentosum the DNA repair defect is thought to be responsible for the high incidence of malignant melanoma. Frequent and non-random changes in certain chromosomes have been demonstrated in melanoma cells. These might contain sequences that control melanoma growth or melanoma suppressor genes. Especially the short arm of chromosome 9 is thought to contain one of these genes. This hypothesis is supported by a genetic linkage analysis in melanoma families and the demonstration of a germ line deletion of the locus 9p21 in a patient with eight primary melanomas. Changes in known tumor suppressor genes and oncogenes have also been reported in melanoma, but no consistent sequence of genetic events is known.
    Notizen: Zusammenfassung Die Exposition der Haut mit ultravioletten Strahlen ist ein wichtiger Risikofaktor für die Entwicklung eines malignen Melanoms. Möglicherweise spielt hierbei UVA-A eine besondere Rolle. Daneben sind hereditäre Faktoren von Bedeutung. Während beim Syndrom der dysplastischen Nävi eine genetische Instabilität mit verschiedenen Methoden nachgewiesen wurde, wird bei Xeroderma pigmentosum der DNA-Reparaturdefekt für die hohe Melanominzidenz verantwortlich gemacht. In Melanomzellen sind überzufällig häufig karyotypische Veränderungen in bestimmten Chromosomen gefunden worden. Diese enthalten möglicherweise Melanomwachstumsregulierende Sequenzen oder Melanom-Suppressorgene. Insbesondere der kurze Arm des Chromosoms 9 steht in Verdacht, eines dieser Gene zu enthalten. Diese Hypothese wird auch unterstützt durch eine genetische Kopplungsanalyse an Melanomfamilien und dem Nachweis einer Keimbahndeletion des Lokus 9p21 bei einer Patientin mit 8 primären Melanomen. Veränderungen an bereits bekannten Tumorsuppressorgenen oder Onkogenen sind ebenfalls in Melanomen beschrieben worden, ohne daß jedoch eine konsistente Reihenfolge von genetischen Ereignissen bekannt wäre.
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  • 28
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Child's nervous system 11 (1995), S. 453-455 
    ISSN: 1433-0350
    Schlagwort(e): Myotonic ; Dystrophy ; Muscle disease ; Genetics ; Case report
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract A large Sicilian kinship in which myotonic dystrophy (DM) affected spanning four generations is presented. The pedigree clearly illustrates the phenomenon of anticipation, and illustrates that this phenomenon is more marked when transmission occurs through an affected female rather than an affected male. The pedigree is interpreted in light of recent genetic advances in DM. Neurosurgeons and neurologists should consider a diagnosis of DM when asked to evaluate a floppy infant with enlarged lateral ventricles, and should be aware of special features regarding its inheritance pattern.
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  • 29
    ISSN: 1432-2285
    Schlagwort(e): Pinus sylvestris L. ; Aluminium ; Nutrients ; Mycorrhiza ; Ultrastructure
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft
    Notizen: Abstract The effects of aluminium chloride (AICI3) treatments (50 and 150 mg/l) on 3-year-old Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) seedlings were studied in a sand culture during 2 growing periods in an open field experiment. Even by the end of the first growing period, a decline was observed in the concentrations of Ca, Mg and P within the needles, and of Ca and Mg in the roots. After the second growing period, increased N and K concentrations were observed in the needles of Al-treated seedlings. Both the needles and roots of Al-treated seedlings showed, after the second growing period, a decline in growth and increased concentrations of AI as the amount of AICI3 in the nutrient solution increased. Al-induced changes in needle structure were found to be symptomatic of a nutrient imbalance, particularly of Mg and P. Al-stress did not result in any observable changes in root anatomy or in the number of mycorrhizas. Scots pine proved to be rather resistant to Al-stress, indicating that direct Al-injuries are not likely in the field, though Al-stress may be a contributing factor in the formation of nutrient imbalances.
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  • 30
    ISSN: 1432-5233
    Schlagwort(e): Maturity-onset diabetes of the young (MODY) ; Genetics ; Diabetes mellitus
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract Genetic linkage studies of families with earlyonset type 2 diabetes have facilitated the identification of diabetes-susceptibility genes. In order to assess the feasibility of using linkage approaches to identify genes responsible for the development of type 2 diabetes in Japanese subjects, we examined our clinical records for multigenerational families suitable for genetic studies. We identified 16 families in which at least one subject was diagnosed with type 2 diabetes before 25 years of age. Seven of these families had a pattern of inheritance consistent with a diagnosis of maturity-onset diabetes of the young (MODY) and nine families showed a complex pattern of inheritance of type 2 diabetes with transmission of diabetes-susceptibility genes from both parents. The glucokinase and mitochondrial tRNALeu(UUR) genes were screened for mutations in at least one affected subject from each family in order to assess the contribution of mutations in these genes to the development of the diabetes. No mutations were found, which suggests that the diabetes in these families resulted from mutations in other genes.
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  • 31
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Schlagwort(e): JVS mouse ; Systemic carnitine deficiency ; Mitochondrial abnormality ; Ultrastructure
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract A mouse with juvenile visceral steatosis (the JVS mouse) has been recognized as a novel animal model for systemic carnitine deficiency. We examined cardiac, skeletal and smooth muscle cells in JVS and control mice by light and electron microscopy. Cardiac and skeletal muscle cells of these mice at 4 weeks of age exhibited a ragged-red appearance after trichrome staining. Electron microscopy, demonstrated increased numbers of mitochondria and lipid droplets in the cells. Compression or distortion of the myofibril bundles, primarily due to the increased number of mitochondria, suggests the possible existence of a functional disturbance of the cardiac and skeletal muscle. In the urinary bladder, only one or two large lipid droplets and slightly increased number of mitochondria were recognized in the perinuclear region of the smooth muscle cells. At 8 weeks of age, the mouse enzyme histochemistry specific for mitochondria, such as cytochrome c oxidase and succinic dehydrogenase, and oil red O staining, confirmed further increases in the number of mitochondria and lipid droplets in the heart. However, the accumulation of these organelles in the skeletal and smooth muscle cells was no greater than that noted in JVS mice at 4 weeks of age. In the cardiac muscle cells, autolysosomes or autophagic vacuoles containing electron-dense membranous, lamellar or whorled structures closely associated with mitochondria and pseudoinclusion bodies in the nucleus were recognized, and bundles of myofibrils were buried under numerous mitochondria, suggesting the existence of disturbed contractile function in the heart of JVS mice. These results indicate that this murine strain associated with systemic carnitine deficiency exhibits a generalized mitochondrial abnormality in the muscle system especially in the heart.
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  • 32
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 427 (1995), S. 77-83 
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Schlagwort(e): Niemann-Pick disease ; Mouse ; Lung ; Electron microscope ; Ultrastructure
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract The biochemical and morphological aspects of BALB/c mice with many features of the Niemann-Pick disease type C in man (NP-C mouse) have been studied extensively. However, the pulmonary pathology has not been studied extensively and we describe here some unique ultrastructural features of the lung in the NP-C mouse. Ultrastructurally, macrophages in younger mice contained osmiophilic dense granules and annulolamellar structures, but larger multilamellar concentric structures increased in the macrophages of older mice. In contrast, endothelial cells and type I pneumocytes showed membrane-bound bodies with dense granules and vesicular or vesiculogranular structures as well as amorphous materials. Type II pneumocytes were unremarkable throughout. Our study suggests that endothelial cells and type I pneumocytes are the major site of metabolic derangement resulting in pronounced morphological changes with granular and round membranous structures in the lungs of NP-C mouse. Alveolar macrophages with multilamellar concentric structures may be a result of disturbed disposal of surfactant material from type II pneumocytes rather than that from storage material of type I pneumocyte.
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  • 33
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 91 (1995), S. 639-646 
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Schlagwort(e): Gene introgression ; Genetics ; Linkage ; Taxonomy
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract The wild tetraploid (2n=28) oat species Avena magna and A. murphyi have been domesticated by having been transferred from the common oat, A sativa (2n=42), the characteristics of non-shedding spikelets glabrous and yellow lemma, and reduced awn formation. Domestication has been achieved by crossing the common oat with either of the tetraploid species and then backcrossing the pentaploid hybrids with pollen of the tetraploid wild parent. Among the BC plants obtained only a few produced some seeds. Fertile tetraploids exhibiting the domesticated syndrome have been selected for in the F2 generation. Although morphologically they were almost indistinguishable from the common oat, they were tetraploids. Wild x domesticated A. magna hybrids were vigorous and fertile. They retained their spikelets at maturity, lemma color and pubescence were intermediate between the parental lines, and awns were formed only on the lower floret of the spikelet. Each of these characteristics segregated in a 3∶1 fashion, indicating single gene control, as in the common oat. These four characteristics formed a linkage group in one F2 family and two linkage groups in the other two families. The usefulness of the domesticated tetraploids for oat research and production has been discussed. Taxonomically, the domesticated tetraploids were ranked as subspecies: A. magna ssp. domestica, and A. murphyi ssp. rigida.
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  • 34
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 90 (1995), S. 707-713 
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Schlagwort(e): Mineral stress ; Nutrient efficiency ; Aluminium tolerance ; Inheritance ; Genetics ; Breeding
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract The Brazilian tropical adapted soybeans contains, in addition to superior morphological characters, genetic factors for tolerance to cultivation in acidic, mineral-stressed soils. However, the selection process for these hindrances has been empirical, and information on the genetics of mineral element uptake by the plant is necessary. The objective of this investigation was to identify the mode of inheritance for the absorption of phosphorus, potassium, calcium, magnesium, iron, aluminium, manganese, zinc and copper in a 9 × 9 diallel cross. General combining ability (GCA) was higher than specific combining ability (SCA), with the exception of copper, manganese and zinc, indicating predominantly additive effects. The ratios of GCA/SCA varied between 3.4 (calcium) and 8.5 (magnesium). The regression of covariance (Wr) on variance (Vr) showed that the additive-dominance model explained the genetic differences in this germ plasm. However, the detection of overdominance could be related to possible heterozygosity in the parental varieties for mineral absorption. Broad-sense heritability values were higher than narrow sense heritability values for aluminium, iron, potassium, calcium and magnesium, being in the range of 67.9–86.9% and 42.0–56.6%, respectively. This is an indication that soybeans can be further improved to efficient utilisation of nutrients and to tolerate toxic factors in the soil.
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  • 35
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 90 (1995), S. 146-149 
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Schlagwort(e): Capsicum chinense ; Resistance gene ; Genetics ; Pepper ; Tomato spotted wilt virus ; Tospoviruses
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract Pepper (Capsicum chinense Jacq.) has been reported to be an important reservoir of resistance genes to tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV). The genes for TSWV resistance present in three C. chinense lines (‘PI 152225’, ‘PI 159236’ and ‘Panca’) were investigated for allelism. All resistant lines were crossed with each other. Parents, F1, backcrosses and F2 populations (including reciprocals) developed from those crosses were mechanically inoculated with a highly virulent TSWV isolate. Susceptible C. annuum cv ‘Magda’ was used to check inoculum virulence. Fifty plants of the F1 hybrids; ‘Magda’ x ‘PI 152225’, ‘Magda’ x ‘PI 159236’, and ‘Magda’ x 'Panca, were also inoculated with the TSWV isolate. The resistance response in all C. chinense sources was associated with a localized, hypersensitive-like reaction that was phenotypically expressed as a prompt formation of large local lesions accompanied by premature leaf abscission. All F1 generations presented a final score of resistant; indicating that the expression of resistance to TSWV is conditioned by a dominant gene regardless of the source. The absence of segregation for resistance to TSWV that was observed in all generations of the crosses between C. chinense lines indicated that either a tightly linked group of genes exists or that the resistance is governed by the same single major gene (probably the already described Tsw gene). Previous reports have indicated that the Tsw gene is not effective against tospovirus members of serogroup II, i.e. tomato chlorotic spot virus (TCSV) and groundnut ring spot virus (GRSV). In the assay described here, all of the C. chinense lines showed, after mechanical inoculation, an identical susceptibility response to the TCSV and GRSV isolates.
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  • 36
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 90 (1995), S. 380-388 
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Schlagwort(e): Genetics ; Breeding ; Sorghum bicolor Zea mays
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract The objective of this study was to use restriction fragment length polymorphisms (RFLPs) to determine the genetic location and effects of genomic regions controlling plant height in sorghum. F2 plants (152) from the cross CK60 x PI229828 were used. Genomic and cDNA clones (106) identified 111 loci distributed among ten linkage groups covering 1299 cM. Interval mapping identified four regions, each in a separate linkage group. These regions may correspond to loci (dw) previously identified by alleles with qualitative effects. Also, these regions identified in sorghum may be orthologous to those previously reported for plant height in maize. Gene effects and gene action varied among genomic regions. In each region, PI229828 alleles resulted in increased plant height. Each region accounted for 9.2–28.7% of the phenotypic variation. Positive, additive effects ranged from 15 to 32cm. Tallness was dominant or overdominant and conferred by alleles from PI229828 for three quantitative trait loci (QTL). At the fourth QTL, PI229828 contributed to increased plant height, but short stature was partially dominant. One digenic interaction was significant. The presence of a PI229828 allele at one region diminished the effects of the other region. A multiple model indicated that these four regions collectively accounted for 63.4% of the total phenotypic variation. The utility of this information for germplasm conversion through backcross breeding is discussed.
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  • 37
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 280 (1995), S. 513-518 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Schlagwort(e): Key words: Axo-axonal synapse ; Neuromuscular synapse ; Motoneuron ; Ultrastructure ; Procambarus clarkii (Crustacea)
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract. A pair of antagonistic motoneurons, one excitatory and one inhibitory, innervates the distal accessory flexor muscle in the walking limb of the crayfish Pro- cambarus clarkii. The number and size of synapses formed by these two axons on the muscle fibers (neuromuscular synapses) and on each other (axo-axonal synapses) were estimated using thin-section electron microscopy. Although profiles of nerve terminals of the two axons occur in roughly equal proportions, the frequency of occurrence of neuromuscular synapses differed markedly: 73% were excitatory and 27% were inhibitory. However, inhibitory synapses were 4–5 times larger than excitatory ones, and consequently, the total contact areas devoted to neuromuscular synapses were similar for both axons. Axo-axonal synapses were predominantly from the inhibitory axon to the excitatory axon (86%), and a few were from the excitatory axon to the inhibitory axon (14%). The role of the inhibitory axo-axonal synapse is presynaptic inhibition, but that of the excitatory axo-axonal synapse is not known. The differences in size of neuromuscular synapses between the two axons may reflect intrinsic determinants of the neuron, while the similarity in total synaptic area may reflect retrograde influences from the muscle for regulating synapse number.
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  • 38
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 281 (1995), S. 249-259 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Schlagwort(e): Key words: Stem cells ; Testis ; PGP 9.5 ; Ultrastructure ; Tubular whole-mounts ; Bovine
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract. The spermatogonial stem cell line in prepubertal and adult bovine testis was studied by electron microscopy and protein gene product 9.5 immunohistochemistry. Three successive spermatogonia precursor cell configurations were observed. Small basal stem cells were found to possess a spherical shape and nuclei with two to three nucleoli. They were observed in prepubertal testes (25 and 30 weeks) and in low numbers during all the stages of the seminiferous epithelial cycle in the adult. Aggregated spermatogonia precursor cells are the dominating germ cell type in the 25-week-old and 30-week-old calf. In the adult seminiferous epithelium, they cause expansion of the basal tubular compartment as they form dense groups containing up to 15 cells. These groups are observed concomitantly with cycling A-spermatogonia and preleptotenes at the beginning of spermatocytogenesis. At the end of A-spermatogonia propagation, the aggregated spermatogonia precursor cells separate and intermingle with cycling A-spermatogonia. The spermatogonia precursor cells can later be found together with I-spermatogonia as members of an interconnected cellular network of medium-sized cells. When the I-spermatogonia divide to form the smaller B-spermatogonia, the precursor cells, which stay connected with the cycling spermatogonial population, pass through a growth phase. They can now be considered as committed spermatogonia precursor cells and are continuously being transformed into A1-spermatogonia to start a new round of spermatocytogenesis. Ultrastructurally, all members of the precursor cell line are similar. However, a number of features have been found to show a quantitative increase (endoplasmic reticulum, mitochondria) or to exhibit a rising degree of complexity (nucleolus) during the progression from basal stem cells to committed spermatogonia precursor cells.
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  • 39
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 281 (1995), S. 249-259 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Schlagwort(e): Stem cells ; Testis ; PGP 9.5 ; Ultrastructure ; Tubular ; Whole-mounts ; Bovine
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract The spermatogonial stem cell line in prepubertal and adult bovine testis was studied by electron microscopy and protein gene product 9.5 immunohistochemistry. Three successive spermatogonia precursor cell configurations were observed. Small basal stem cells were found to possess a spherical shape and nuclei with two to three nucleoli. They were observed in prepubertal testes (25 and 30 weeks) and in low numbers during all the stages of the seminiferous epithelial cycle in the adult. Aggregated spermatogonia precursor cells are the dominating germ cell type in the 25-week-old and 30-week-old calf. In the adult seminiferous epithelium, they cause expansion of the basal tubular compartment as they form dense groups containing up to 15 cells. These groups are observed concomitantly with cycling A-spermatogonia and preleptotenes at the beginning of spermatocytogenesis. At the end of A-spermatogonia propagation, the aggregated spermatogonia precursor cells separate and intermingle with cycling A-spermatogonia. The spermatogonia precursor cells can later be found together with I-spermatogonia as members of an interconnected cellular network of medium-sized cells. When the I-spermatogonia divide to form the smaller B-spermatogonia, the precursor cells, which stay connected with the cycling spermatogonial population, pass through a growth phase. They can now be considered as committed spermatogonia precursor cells and are continuously being transformed into A1-spermatogonia to start a new round of spermatocytogenesis. Ultrastructurally, all members of the precursor cell line are similar. However, a number of features have been found to show a quantitative increase (endoplasmic reticulum, mitochondria) or to exhibit a rising degree of complexity (nucleolus) during the progression from basal stem cells to committed spermatogonia precursor cells.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 40
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Schlagwort(e): Key words: Mab 6.17 ; Reactive astrocyte ; Diencephalon ; Spinal cord ; Confocal microscopy ; Ultrastructure ; Rat (Sprague Dawley)
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract. A specific monoclonal antiserum (Mab 6.17) inducing a strong immunostaining of the neuromuscular junction has been used to detect the possible occurrence of the corresponding antigen throughout the intact or lesioned central nervous system of adult rats. In intact animals, 6.17-immunolabeling was essentially detected in astrocyte-like structures located in white matter fasciculi of the brain, such as the optic tract, corpus callosum, fornix, and in the white matter of the spinal cord. The astroglial nature of such 6.17-immunolabeled profiles was verified by performing double or triple immunofluorescent labeling with Mab 6.17 and with specific antisera against astrocytic markers, such as S100 protein, glial fibrillary acidic protein and vimentin. In the white matter, all the structures reactive to Mab 6.17 were also reactive to antibodies against S100 protein, glial fibrillary acidic protein and vimentin. On the other hand, astrocytes of the grey matter that were immunoreactive to S100 and glial fibrillary acidic protein but negative to vimentin, were devoid of 6.17-immunoreactivity. After lesions including stab wound through the diencephalon or transection of the spinal cord, a marked increase of 6.17-immunostaining was noted in the regions surrounding the lesions. In these regions, 6.17-immunolabeling was associated with S100-, GFAP- and vimentin-positive astrocytes constituting the glial scar. The ultrastructural localization of 6.17-immunoreactivity indicated that, similar to glial fibrillary acidic protein and vimentin, the recognized antigen was mainly associated with gliofilaments. These observations indicate that, in the central nervous system of adult rats, Mab 6.17 recognizes a molecule associated with gliofilaments, which is essentially associated to reactive astrocytes expressing high levels of vimentin.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 41
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Schlagwort(e): Key words: Intestine ; small ; Intraepithelial lymphocytes ; Microcinematography ; Ultrastructure ; Guinea pig
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract. In previous ultrastructural studies we have shown that at the tip of intestinal villi in guinea pigs, effete enterocytes are separated into two portions: a thin apical cytoplasm to be exfoliated into the lumen and a major basal portion to be ingested by lamina propria macrophages. During this process, intraepithelially disposed, large granular lymphocytes interdigitate with enterocytes in a complex manner. In the present study, the relation between the enterocytes and the lymphocytes in the villous epithelium of the guinea pig small intestine is described by use of transmission and scanning electron microscopy in an attempt to visualize the roles and activities of the lymphocytes more clearly. The lymphocytes project numerous pointed processes into effete enterocytes, even piercing them. Enterocytes are deeply indented or perforated, probably as a result of the encroaching lymphocyte processes. Some enterocytes are separated into apical and basal portions by numerous large excavations in the cytoplasm. These findings indicate that repeated perforating penetration of the lymphocytes induces cell cleavage. Supporting this supposition, our microcinematographic observations demonstrate the alternate protrusion and withdrawal of processes of lymphocytes. The processes advance with a pointed end, and subsequently, retract with a rounded end in a cycle of 8–18 seconds.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 42
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Schlagwort(e): Key words: Myenteric plexus ; Smooth muscle ; Organotypic culture ; Ultrastructure ; Intestine ; small ; Guinea-pig
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract. External muscle and myenteric plexus from the small intestine of adult guinea-pigs were maintained in vitro for 3 or 6 days. Myenteric neurons and smooth muscle cells from such organotypic cultures were examined at the electron-microscopic level. An intact basal lamina was found around the myenteric ganglia and internodal strands. Neuronal membranes, nuclei and subcellular organelles appeared to be well preserved in cultured tissues and ribosomes were abundant. Dogiel type-II neurons were distinguishable by their elongated electron-dense mitochondria, numerous lysosomes and high densities of ribosomes. Vesiculated nerve profiles contained combinations of differently shaped vesicles. Synaptic membrane specializations were found between vesiculated nerve profiles and nerve processes and cell bodies. The majority of nerve fibres were well preserved in the myenteric ganglia, in internodal strands and in bundles running between circular muscle cells. No detectable changes were found in the ultrastructure of the somata and processes of glial cells. Longitudinal and circular muscle cells from cultured tissue had clearly defined membranes with some close associations with neighbouring muscle cells. Caveolae occurred in rows that ran parallel to the long axis of the muscle cells. These results indicate that the ultrastructural features of enteric neurons and smooth muscle of the guinea-pig small intestine are well preserved in organotypic culture.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 43
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Schlagwort(e): Liver ; Ultrastructure ; Antifreeze ; Proteins ; Secretion ; Lipid ; Flounder, Pleuronectes americanus (Teleostei)
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract Liver tissue was sampled from flounder (Pleuronectes americanus) throughout the year with the intention of documenting changes in the ultrastructure coincident with the production and secretion of antifreeze proteins. In the winter, hepatocytes are dedicated to the production of these proteins and, in the female, also reproductive proteins. In both sexes, liver cells in the summer contain abundant lipid and glycogen stores. In the female, there is a conspicuous hepatocyte transformation from a fat-filled cell in the summer to one with well-developed rough endoplasmic reticulum in the winter. Large amounts of rough endoplasmic reticulum (11.2 mg/gm) were recovered after subcellular fractionation of female wintertime liver. The increased appearance of secretory organelles and the high number of nucleolar profiles observed in winter animals is consistent with the elevated demand for protein secretion and synthesis in both sexes. The fractional volumes occupied by lipid droplets and mitochondria were different when comparisons were made between sex and season. Females contained a greater volume of lipid than did males, and summer animals contained more lipid than those in winter.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 44
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 281 (1995), S. 473-483 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Schlagwort(e): Key words: Glycosaminoglycans ; Cupromeronic Blue ; Lung ; Connective tissue ; Ultrastructure ; Pig
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract. Glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) are essential components of the extracellular matrix contributing to the mechanical properties of connective tissues as well as to cell recognition and growth regulation. The ultrastructural localization of GAGs in porcine lung was studied by means of the dye Cupromeronic Blue in the presence of 0.3 M MgCl2 according to Scott’s critical electrolyte concentration technique. GAGs were observed in locations described as follows. Pleura: Dermatan sulphate (DS) and chondroitin sulphate (CS) attached in the region of the d-band of collagen fibrils, interconnecting the fibrils; heparan sulphate (HS) at the surface of elastic fibers and in the basement membrane of the mesothelium and blood vessels. Bronchial cartilage: Abundant amounts of GAGs were observed in three zones: pericellular, in the intercellular matrix and at the perichondrial collagen. By enzyme digestion a superficial cartilage layer with predominantly CS could be distinguished from a deep zone with CS and keratan sulphate. The structure of the large aggregating cartilage proteoglycan was confirmed in situ. Airway epithelium: HS at the whole surface of cilia and microvilli and in the basement membrane of the epithelial cells. Alveolar wall: CS/DS at collagen fibrils, HS at the surface of elastic fibers and in the basement membranes of epithelium and endothelium.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 45
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 281 (1995), S. 473-483 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Schlagwort(e): Glycosaminoglycans ; Cupromeronic Blue ; Lung ; Connective tissue ; Ultrastructure ; Pig
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract Glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) are essential components of the extracellular matrix contributing to the mechanical properties of connective tissues as well as to cell recognition and growth regulation. The ultrastructural localization of GAGs in porcine lung was studied by means of the dye Cupromeronic Blue in the presence of 0.3 M MgCl2 according to Scott's critical electrolyte concentration technique. GAGs were observed in locations described as follows. Pleura: Dermatan sulphate (DS) and chondroitin sulphate (CS) attached in the region of the d-band of collagen fibrils, interconnecting the fibrils; heparan sulphate (HS) at the surface of elastic fibers and in the basement membrane of the mesothelium and blood vessels. Bronchial cartilage: Abundant amounts of GAGs were observed in three zones: pericellular, in the intercellular matrix and at the perichondrial collagen. By enzyme digestion a superficial cartilage layer with predominantly CS could be distinguished from a deep zone with CS and keratan sulphate. The structure of the large aggregating cartilage proteoglycan was confirmed in situ. Airway epithelium: HS at the whole surface of cilia and microvilli and in the basement membrane of the epithelial cells. Alveolar wall: CS/DS at collagen fibrils, HS at the surface of elastic fibers and in the basement membranes of epithelium and endothelium.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 46
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Schlagwort(e): Ultrastructure ; Muscle growth ; Hypertrophy ; Hyperplasia ; Histochemistry ; Fish ; Sparus aurata, Dicentrarchus labrax (Teleostei)
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract Fibre-type differentiation of the lateral musculature has been studied in Sparus aurata (L.) and Dicentrarchus labrax (L.) during larval development. Histochemical and ultrastructural techniques show two presumptive muscle layers and two germinative zones of presumptive myoblasts. At hatching, myotomal muscle consists of a monolayer of thin undifferentiated cells near the skin (first germinative zone) overlying another mono-layer of small diameter fibres extending hypaxially and epaxially away from the transverse septum. Below this, there is a much thicker, deep layer of fibres, generally large in diameter and polygonal in shape. The presumptive myoblasts are located between these two layers of fibres in the second germinative zone. Initially, the superficial and deep muscle fibres show high and low myosin ATPase activity, respectively. Both layers grow by generating new fibres from the two mentioned germinative zones. At the end of larval life, the superficial layer changes its histochemical profile from high to low myosin ATPase activity and, at the same time, intermediate or pink muscle fibres can be observed by oxidative activity (the NADH-TR reaction). Morphometric analysis shows a significant increase in mean fibre diameter during successive ages, as shown by the Student's t-test (hypertrophic growth). Skewness and kurtosis values of fibre diameters point to the generation of a new fibre population from the germinative zones (hyperplastic growth).
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 47
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Schlagwort(e): Intestine, small ; Intraepithelial lymphocytes ; Microcinematography ; Ultrastructure ; Guinea pig
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract In previous ultrastructural studies we have shown that at the tip of intestinal villi in guinea pigs, effete enterocytes are separated into two portions: a thin apical cytoplasm to be exfoliated into the lumen and a major basal portion to be ingested by lamina propria macrophages. During this process, intraepithelially disposed, large granular lymphocytes interdigitate with enterocytes in a complex manner. In the present study, the relation between the enterocytes and the lymphocytes in the villous epithelium of the guinea pig small intestine is described by use of transmission and scanning electron microscopy in an attempt to visualize the roles and activities of the lymphocytes more clearly. The lymphocytes project numerous pointed processes into effete enterocytes, even piercing them. Enterocytes are deeply indented or perforated, probably as a result of the encroaching lymphocyte processes. Some enterocytes are separated into apical and basal portions by numerous large excavations in the cytoplasm. These findings indicate that repeated perforating penetration of the lymphocytes induces cell cleavage. Supporting this supposition, our microcinematographic observations demonstrate the alternate protrusion and withdrawal of processes of lymphocytes. The processes advance with a pointed end, and subsequently, retract with a rounded end in a cycle of 8–18 seconds.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 48
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Schlagwort(e): Myenteric plexus ; Smooth muscle ; Organotypic culture ; Ultrastructure ; Intestine, small ; Guinea-pig
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract External muscle and myenteric plexus from the small intestine of adult guinea-pigs were maintained in vitro for 3 or 6 days. Myenteric neurons and smooth muscle cells from such organotypic cultures were examined at the electron-microscopic level. An intact basal lamina was found around the myenteric ganglia and internodal strands. Neuronal membranes, nuclei and subcellular organelles appeared to be well preserved in cultured tissues and ribosomes were abundant. Dogiel type-II neurons were distinguishable by their elongated electron-dense mitochondria, numerous lysosomes and high densities of ribosomes. Vesiculated nerve profiles contained combinations of differently shaped vesicles. Synaptic membrane specializations were found between vesiculated nerve profiles and nerve processes and cell bodies. The majority of nerve fibres were well preserved in the myenteric ganglia, in internodal strands and in bundles running between circular muscle cells. No detectable changes were found in the ultrastructure of the somata and processes of glial cells. Longitudinal and circular muscle cells from cultured tissue had clearly defined membranes with some close associations with neighbouring muscle cells. Caveolae occurred in rows that ran parallel to the long axis of the muscle cells. These results indicate that the ultrastructural features of enteric neurons and smooth muscle of the guinea-pig small intestine are well preserved in organotypic culture.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 49
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Schlagwort(e): Key words: Liver ; Ultrastructure ; Antifreeze ; Proteins ; Secretion ; Lipid ; Flounder ; Pleuronectes americanus (Teleostei)
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract. Liver tissue was sampled from flounder (Pleuronectes americanus) throughout the year with the in-tention of documenting changes in the ultrastructure coincident with the production and secretion of antifreeze proteins. In the winter, hepatocytes are dedicated to the production of these proteins and, in the female, also reproductive proteins. In both sexes, liver cells in the summer contain abundant lipid and glycogen stores. In the female, there is a conspicuous hepatocyte transformation from a fat-filled cell in the summer to one with well- developed rough endoplasmic reticulum in the winter. Large amounts of rough endoplasmic reticulum (11.2 mg/gm) were recovered after subcellular fractionation of female wintertime liver. The increased appearance of secretory organelles and the high number of nucleolar profiles observed in winter animals is consistent with the elevated demand for protein secretion and synthesis in both sexes. The fractional volumes occupied by lipid droplets and mitochondria were different when comparisons were made between sex and season. Females contained a greater volume of lipid than did males, and summer animals contained more lipid than those in winter.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 50
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 279 (1995), S. 517-527 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Schlagwort(e): Key words: Avian brain ; Preoptic nucleus ; Sexual behaviour ; Ultrastructure ; Sexual dimorphism ; Coturnix japonica (Aves ; Phasianiformes)
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract. The medial preoptic nucleus is a sexually dimorphic structure whose cytoarchitecture, afferent and efferent connections, and functions have been previously described. No detailed ultrastructural study has, however, been perfomed to date. Here we describe the ultrastructural organization of this important preoptic structure of the male quail. Neuronal cell bodies of the medial preoptic nucleus generally show extensive development of protein-synthesis-related organelles (rough endoplasmic reticulum, polysomes), and of secretory structures (Golgi complexes, secretory vesicles, dense bodies). Previous morphometrical studies at the light-microscopical level have demonstrated the presence of a medial and a lateral neuronal population distinguished by the size of their cell bodies (the medial neurons are smaller than the lateral neurons). The present ultrastructural investigation confirms the difference in size, but no difference has been observed in the ultrastructural organization of the neurons. In both the medial and the lateral part, the nucleus is characterized by a large variety of cell bodies, including some that, on the basis of their ultrastructure, can be considered as putative peptidergic neurons. Close contacts are frequently observed between adjacent cell bodies that are normally arranged in clusters. Various types of synaptic endings are also present, suggesting a rich supply of nerve fibers. A few glial cells are scattered within the nucleus. In view of the crucial role of this region in regulating quail sexual behavior, the large heterogeneity of neurons and of afferent nervous fibers suggest that this region might have an important role in the integration of information arriving from different brain regions.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 51
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Schlagwort(e): Small intestine ; Pacemaker ; Interstitial cell ; Ultrastructure ; Rat (Wistar)
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract Two types of interstitial cells have been demonstrated in close association in the deep muscular plexus of rat small intestine, by electron microscopy. Cells of the first type are characterized by a fibroblastic ultrastructure, i.e. a well-developed granular endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus and absence of the basal lamina. They form a few small gap junctions with the circular muscle cells and show close contact with axon terminals containing many synaptic vesicles. They may play a role in conducting electrical signals in the muscle tissue. Cells of the second type are characterized by many large gap junctions that interconnect with each other and with the circular muscle cells. Their cytoplasm is rich in cell organells, including mitochondria, granular endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi apparatus. They show some resemblance to the smooth muscle cells and have an incomplete basal lamina, caveolae and subsurface cisterns. However, they do not contain an organized contractile apparatus, although many intermediate filaments are present in their processes. They also show close contacts with axon terminals containing synaptic vesicles. These gap-junction-rich cells may be regular components of the intestinal tract and may be involved in the pacemaking activity of intestinal movement.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 52
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Schlagwort(e): Key words: Vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP) ; Serotonin ; Ultrastructure ; Immunogold label ; Mucosal nerves ; Goldfish ; Carassius auratus ; Tilapia ; Oreochromis mossambicus (Teleostei)
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract. In order to establish a possible role of vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP) and serotonin as (neuro)transmitters involved in the regulation of fish intestinal epithelium, we studied the presence of VIP and serotonin at the ultrastructural level in the intestinal mucosa of tilapia and goldfish. A low percentage of varicosities near the basal membrane of the tilapia intestinal epithelium was found to label for VIP or for serotonin, whereas in the goldfish, this percentage was much higher. The varicosities usually contained large granular and small clear vesicles. Immunogold labeling indicated that serotonin and VIP were localized in the large granular vesicles. Unlabeled large granular vesicles and small clear vesicles were usually also present in varicosities with serotonin- or VIP-labeled vesicles. In the goldfish, the serotonin-labeled varicosities were close to the epithelial cells, and direct contacts between serotonin-labeled nerve fibres and epithelial cells could sometimes be visualized. However, synaptic membrane specializations were never observed. In tilapia, the distance between the VIP- or serotonin-labeled varicosities and the epithelial cells was large (more than 2 μm).
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 53
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Schlagwort(e): Key words: Small intestine ; Pacemaker ; Interstitial cell ; Ultrastructure ; Rat (Wistar)
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract. Two types of interstitial cells have been demonstrated in close association in the deep muscular plexus of rat small intestine, by electron microscopy. Cells of the first type are characterized by a fibroblastic ultrastructure, i.e. a well-developed granular endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus and absence of the basal lamina. They form a few small gap junctions with the circular muscle cells and show close contact with axon terminals containing many synaptic vesicles. They may play a role in conducting electrical signals in the muscle tissue. Cells of the second type are characterized by many large gap junctions that interconnect with each other and with the circular muscle cells. Their cytoplasm is rich in cell organells, including mitochondria, granular endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi apparatus. They show some resemblance to the smooth muscle cells and have an incomplete basal lamina, caveolae and subsurface cisterns. However, they do not contain an organized contractile apparatus, although many intermediate filaments are present in their processes. They also show close contacts with axon terminals containing synaptic vesicles. These gap-junction-rich cells may be regular components of the intestinal tract and may be involved in the pacemaking activity of intestinal movement.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 54
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 280 (1995), S. 513-518 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Schlagwort(e): Axo-axonal synapse ; Neuromuscular synapse ; Motoneuron ; Ultrastructure ; Procambarus clarkii (Crustacea)
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract A pair of antagonistic motoneurons, one excitatory and one inhibitory, innervates the distal accessory flexor muscle in the walking limb of the crayfish Procambarus clarkii. The number and size of synapses formed by these two axons on the muscle fibers (neuromuscular synapses) and on each other (axo-axonal synapses) were estimated using thin-section electron microscopy. Although profiles of nerve terminals of the two axons occur in roughly equal proportions, the frequency of occurrence of neuromuscular synapses differed markedly: 73% were excitatory and 27% were inhibitory. However, inhibitory synapses were 4–5 times larger than excitatory ones, and consequently, the total contact areas devoted to neuromuscular synapses were similar for both axons. Axo-axonal synapses were predominantly from the inhibitory axon to the excitatory axon (86%), and a few were from the excitatory axon to the inhibitory axon (14%). The role of the inhibitory axo-axonal synapse is presynaptic inhibition, but that of the excitatory axo-axonal synapse is not known. The differences in size of neuromuscular synapses between the two axons may reflect intrinsic determinants of the neuron, while the similarity in total synaptic area may reflect retrograde influences from the muscle for regulating synapse number.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 55
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 279 (1995), S. 405-409 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Schlagwort(e): NADPH-diaphorase ; Nitric oxide ; Thymic medulla ; Ultrastructure ; Chick
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract Nicotinamide-adenine-dinucleotide phosphate-diaphorase positive cells in the chick thymus were studied at the electron-microscopic level. The formazan, a marker for the enzyme nitric oxide synthase, labelled cystic, undifferentiated, endocrine-like and myoid cells in the medulla. Some lymphoid and reticulo-epithelial cells were also lightly labelled. The reaction product was predominantly bound to the membranes of the endoplasmic reticulum in all the cells labelled and also to the nuclear envelope and outer membrane of mitochondria. The Golgi apparatus and the plasma membrane were free of the reaction product.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 56
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 279 (1995), S. 405-409 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Schlagwort(e): Key words: NADPH-diaphorase ; Nitric oxide ; Thymic medulla ; Ultrastructure ; Chick
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract. Nicotinamide-adenine-dinucleotide phosphate-diaphorase positive cells in the chick thymus were studied at the electron-microscopic level. The formazan, a marker for the enzyme nitric oxide synthase, labelled cystic, undifferentiated, endocrine-like and myoid cells in the medulla. Some lymphoid and reticulo-epithelial cells were also lightly labelled. The reaction product was predominantly bound to the membranes of the endoplasmic reticulum in all the cells labelled and also to the nuclear envelope and outer membrane of mitochondria. The Golgi apparatus and the plasma membrane were free of the reaction product.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 57
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 279 (1995), S. 517-527 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Schlagwort(e): Avian brain ; Preoptic nucleus ; Sexual behaviour ; Ultrastructure ; Sexual dimorphism ; coturnix japonica (Aves, Phasianiformes)
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract The medial preoptic nucleus is a sexually dimorphic structure whose cytoarchitecture, afferent and efferent connections, and functions have been previously described. No detailed ultrastructural study has, however, been perfomed to date. Here we describe the ultrastructural organization of this important preoptic structure of the male quail. Neuronal cell bodies of the medial preoptic nucleus generally show extensive development of protein-synthesis-related organelles (rough endoplasmic reticulum, polysomes), and of secretory structures (Golgi complexes, secretory vesicles, dense bodies). Previous morphometrical studies at the light-microscopical level have demonstrated the presence of a medial and a lateral neuronal population distinguished by the size of their cell bodies (the medial neurons are smaller than the lateral neurons). The present ultrastructural investigation confirms the difference in size, but no difference has been observed in the ultrastructural organization of the neurons. In both the medial and the lateral part, the nucleus is characterized by a large variety of cell bodies, including some that, on the basis of their ultrastructure, can be considered as putative peptidergic neurons. Close contacts are frequently observed between adjacent cell bodies that are normally arranged in clusters. Various types of synaptic endings are also present, suggesting a rich supply of nerve fibers. A few glial cells are scattered within the nucleus. In view of the crucial role of this region in regulating quail sexual behavior, the large heterogeneity of neurons and of afferent nervous fibers suggest that this region might have an important role in the integration of information arriving from different brain regions.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 58
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 279 (1995), S. 445-452 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Schlagwort(e): Key words: Estradiol receptor ; Breast cancer cells ; Cell culture ; Ultrastructure ; Electron microscopy ; Immunohistochemistry ; Human
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract. The distribution of estradiol receptor in serial sections of estradiol-deprived and estradiol-stimulated MCF7 cells was studied by using mouse monoclonal antibodies reacting with different domains of the receptor and goat-antimouse IgG/6 nm gold. In the nucleus and the cytoplasm of estradiol-deprived cells, the receptor was detected by all three monoclonals (13H2, HT 65 and MA1-310). The antibodies 13H2 and MA1-310 detected receptor associated to the microfilament bundles in the cytoplasm. Higher densities of antireceptor attachment to the nuclear areas were accompanied by a reduction in the attachment to the cytoplasm after estradiol stimulation of the cells. The results confirm earlier observations on the presence of cytoplasmic estrogen receptor in estradiol-deprived cells and support the premise of an es- tradiol-induced translocation of this ligand-dependent transcription regulator.
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  • 59
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 279 (1995), S. 445-452 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Schlagwort(e): Estradiol receptor ; Breast cancer cells ; Cell culture ; Ultrastructure ; Electron microscopy ; Immunohistochemistry ; Human
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract The distribution of estradiol receptor in serial sections of estradiol-deprived and estradiol-stimulated MCF7 cells was studied by using mouse monoclonal antibodies reacting with different domains of the receptor and goat-antimouse IgG/6 nm gold. In the nucleus and the cytoplasm of estradiol-deprived cells, the receptor was detected by all three monoclonals (13H2, HT 65 and MA1-310). The antibodies 13H2 and MA1-310 detected receptor associated to the microfilament bundles in the cytoplasm. Higher densities of antireceptor attachment to the nuclear areas were accompanied by a reduction in the attachment to the cytoplasm after estradiol stimulation of the cells. The results confirm earlier observations on the presence of cytoplasmic estrogen receptor in estradiol-deprived cells and support the premise of an estradiol-induced translocation of this ligand-dependent transcription regulator.
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  • 60
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 282 (1995), S. 363-366 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Schlagwort(e): Pineal organ ; Pinealocytes ; Secretory rudimentary photoreceptors ; Ultrastructure ; Didelphis albiventris (Marsupialia)
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract We report the presence of atypical pinealocytes as components of epiphyseal follicles in the adult South American opossum Didelphis albiventris. Their main characteristic is a bulbous-shaped apical cytoplasmic extension which protrudes towards the follicular lumen among the microvilli and cilia of neighbouring ependymal cells. They resemble the photoreceptor-like pinealocytes of sauropsids and developing photoreceptors in the retina of newborn mammals. Morphological characteristics enable us to classify them as cells of the receptor line.
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  • 61
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 282 (1995), S. 363-366 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Schlagwort(e): Key words: Pineal organ ; Pinealocytes ; Secretory rudimentary photoreceptors ; Ultrastructure ; Didelphis albiventris (Marsupialia)
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract. We report the presence of atypical pinealo-cytes as components of epiphyseal follicles in the adult South American opossum Didelphis albiventris. Their main characteristic is a bulbous-shaped apical cytoplasmic extension which protrudes towards the follicular lumen among the microvilli and cilia of neighbouring ependymal cells. They resemble the photoreceptor-like pinealocytes of sauropsids and developing photoreceptors in the retina of newborn mammals. Morphological characteristics enable us to classify them as cells of the receptor line.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 62
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Journal of plant research 108 (1995), S. 149-159 
    ISSN: 1618-0860
    Schlagwort(e): Anatomy ; Botrychium ternatum ; Rhizome ; Ultrastructure ; Vascular cambium
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract Vascular cambium ofBotrychium ternatum rhizome varied according to age, position and season was studied by light and electron microscopy. Cambium at the 6th internode (6-year-old cambium) had the greatest number of active cambial cells in August and September, thus it was in the most active stage. The active cells were characterized by the presence of a large vacuole, few storage materials such as starch grains within plastids or lipid droplets, a thin tangential wall; and various cell organelles in the thin peripheral layer of cytoplasm. When the 6-year-old cambium reached its dormant season after November, the dormant cells were filled with numerous storage materials and had few cell organelles. Our observations suggested that the initiation and cessation of cambial activity may be correlated with the annual life cycle of this plant: the vegetative and reproductive leaves began to emerge in June and July, respectively, and the sporophyll withered in November after the spore dispersal. Most cambial cells at the 10th internode, which remained in a dormant state throughout the year, were filled with numerous storage materials. Our results indicated that the activity of vascular cambium in the 10th internode was determinate.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 63
    ISSN: 1615-6102
    Schlagwort(e): Embryogenesis ; In vitro culture ; Isolated pollen ; Nicotiana tabacum ; Ultrastructure
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Summary We used electron microscopical techniques to study ultrastructural changes during the acquisition of embryogenic competence in immature pollen grains ofNicotiana tabacum, isolated at the early- or mid-bicellular stage and cultured in vitro under starvation conditions. Cytoplasmic and nuclear changes during the starvation treatment are reported. Dedifferentiation of plastids, dilation of the wall of the generative cell, the appearance of a large vacuole, loss of nuclear pores in the vegetative nucleus, changes in chromatin and nucleolar structure, and a decrease in the size of the nucleolus were observed. We suggest that these events are the first step in the switch from generative to vegetative generation during pollen embryogenesis.
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  • 64
    ISSN: 1615-6102
    Schlagwort(e): Metabolite accumulation ; Vismia guianensis ; Callus cultures ; Plant regeneration ; Ultrastructure ; Histochemistry
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Summary The accumulation and tissue localization of antitumoral vismione A in the in vitro regenerated plants ofVismia guianensis DC. were investigated. Chemical and light and electron-microscope analyses revealed that vismione A, detected as phenolic black globules in the vacuoles, was accumulated in the leaf, mainly in the palisade, and in small amounts in the primary body of the stem (epidermis and first cortical layer). Vismione A is neither present in the secretory cavities and ducts of the leaf nor in the secretory ducts of the stem. In the leaves of the regenerated plants, the amount of vismione A reached 0.5% FW, compared to 0.1% in the leaves of the parent plant. The optimization of the in vitro regeneration of plants was obtained in MS medium enriched with BAP (1 ppm). The best results for the rooting of regenerated plants were achieved with MS medium containing half-strength salts and 10−5 MIBA.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 65
    ISSN: 1615-2573
    Schlagwort(e): LDL ; Rat heart ; Ultrastructure ; Coronary vasculature ; Contractile function
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Summary In the present study we examined the action of native and oxidized low-density lipoproteins (LDL) on coronary vascular and cardiac function and ultrastructure in rat hearts perfused isovolumically in the Langendorff mode. Responses of the coronary resistance vessels to the endothelium-dependent vasodilator, histamine, and the endothelium-independent vasodilator, NaNO2, were measured together with contractile function (rate-pressure product) before and after perfusion for 20 min with native — or oxidized-LDL at a concentration of 100 µg protein/ml. Ultrastructural damage was assessed via electron microscopy of perfusion-fixed heart specimens. When compared to findings in untreated, control hearts, both native and oxidized LDL significantly reduced the responsiveness of the coronary resistance vessels to histamine and NaNO2, by about 50%. The rate-pressure product was decreased more by oxidized-LDL (41%) than by native-LDL (26%). Electron microscopy showed no ultrastructural abnormalities in the vasculature or myocytes of control hearts. The administration of both native- and oxidized-LDL caused distortion of endothelial cells, increased levels of pinocytotic vesicles in both endothelial and smooth muscle cells, detachment of blood vessels from surrounding tissue, and some regions of myocyte injury with evidence of mitochondrial injury and fluid accumulation. Our results show that both native- and oxidized-LDL are toxic to the isolated heart preparation. They inhibit coronary vascular responsiveness to vasodilators, reduce contractile function, and produce damage to cardiac ultrastructure.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 66
    ISSN: 1615-2573
    Schlagwort(e): Sarcoidosis ; Heart ; Endomyocardial biopsy ; Epithelioid cell ; Ultrastructure
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Summary A 49-year-old man with cardiac sarcoidosis is presented. He suffered from congestive heart failure, and left ventricular asynergy and reduced function was evident by echocardiogram and left ventriculogram. A light microscopic examination of the endomyocardial biopsy revealed nonspecific myocarditis without giant cells or noncaseating granulomas. Under an electron microscope, however, several epithelioid cells were found in the specimen. The serum level of lysozyme was elevated. The patient had a past history of sarcoidosis of the eyes and lungs 22 years previously. Cardiac diseases presenting epithelioid cells other than sarcoidosis were clinically ruled out. Thus, the diagnosis of cardic sarcoidosis was made based on both clinical and ultrastructural findings, and corticosteroid therapy was initiated. In the second biopsy, performed 4 months later, a noncaseating granuloma was found. Generally, the incidence of histological diagnosis of cardiac sarcoidosis by light microscopy is relatively low in endomyocardial biopsy specimens. The present case suggests that the addition of an ultrastructural examination may improve the diagnostic usefulness of the endomyocardial biopsy in cardiac sarcoidosis, since electron microscopy can clearly identify the presence of even one epithelioid cell.
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  • 67
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Protoplasma 185 (1995), S. 93-105 
    ISSN: 1615-6102
    Schlagwort(e): Embryo sac ; Embryogenesis ; Megasporogenesis ; Ultrastructure
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Summary Changes taking place during megasporogenesis of a mistletoe (Viscum minimum) were examined at both light and electron microscopy levels. No distinct ovules, integuments, or ovarian cavity are present at any stage of development. The multicellular archesporium originates in the center of a solid ovary. Several functional megasporocytes are developed from the archesporial cells, either adjacent to each other or separated by unspecialized cells. The megasporocyte is much larger than surrounding cells, is invested by a thick wall, and possesses a large nucleus and amyloplasts. Although plasmodesmata are absent even between the adjacent megasporocytes, cells enter meiosis simultaneously. Following meiosis a linear tetrad is formed. Double and treble linear tetrads are frequently observed. The development of the embryo sac conforms to the monosporic or Polygonum type of megasporogenesis. However, the bisporic or Allium type of development is occasionally observed in preparations. Factors determining the pattern of development are discussed. As in other plant species which follow the monosporic type of development, only one functional megaspore cell undergoes further development while others degenerate. Unlike the healthy functional megaspore cell, the degenerating cells have large starch grains and electron-dense cytoplasm. At a later stage of development, the degraded cells are absorbed by the surrounding tissue.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 68
    ISSN: 1615-6102
    Schlagwort(e): Allergenic protein ; Oleaceae ; Pollen ; Endoplasmic reticulum ; Immuno-localization ; Ultrastructure
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Summary The ultrastructure of mature pollen grains of several Oleaceae species (Olea europaea, Fraxinus excelsior, Syringa vulgaris, Ligustrum vulgare, andForsythia suspensa) was studied and the immunolocalization of Ole e I, the major allergen of olige pollen, was determined by immunogold labelling. The five Oleaceae pollens studied here showed different intensities of labelling. The Ole e I allergen was localized throughout the rough endoplasmic reticulum. The absence of gold particles in other cell compartments, such as nuclei, pastids, mitochondria, dictyosomes, lipid bodies, and cell wall, as well as the absence of labelling in control preparations, indicate the specificity of immunolocalization. We conclude that endoplasmic reticulum of the mature pollen grain is a storage site for allergenic proteins and is probably also involved in their synthesis.
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  • 69
    ISSN: 1615-6102
    Schlagwort(e): Pieris canidia ; Nosema mesnili ; Microsporidia ; Lepidoptera ; Pieridae ; Ultrastructure
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Summary The ultrastructure of a microsporidiumNosema mesnili found in the Malpighian tubules ofPieris canidia is described. The life cycle includes meronts, sporonts, sporoblasts, and spores, with typical diplokaryon in each stage. The first two stages are amorphous forms with the former having a thinner cell wall. The spore has 11 coils of the polar filament. This protozoan is a chronic pathogen to its insect host and might have potential as a biological control agent.
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  • 70
    ISSN: 1615-6102
    Schlagwort(e): Arabidopsis thaliana ; Microgametogenesis ; Microsporogenesis ; Pollen development ; Tapetal cells ; Ultrastructure
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Summary The process of microsporogenesis and microgametogenesis was studied at the ultrastructural level in wild-typeArabidopsis thaliana ecotype Wassilewskija to provide a basis for comparison with nuclear male-sterile mutants of the same ecotype. From the earliest stage studied to mature pollen just prior to anther dehiscence, microsporocyte/microspore/pollen development follows the general pattern seen in most angiosperms. The tapetum is of the secretory type with loss of the tapetal cell walls beginning at about the time of microsporocyte meiosis. Wall loss exhibits polarity with the tapetal protoplasts becoming located at a distance from the inner tangential walls first, followed by an increase in distance from the radial walls beginning at the interior edge and progressing outward. The inner tangential and radial tapetal walls are completely degenerated by the microspore tetrad stage. Unlike other members of the Brassicaceae that have been studied, the tapetal cells ofA. thaliana Wassilewskija also lose their outer tangential walls, and secretion occurs from all sides of the cells. Exine wall precursors are secreted from the tapetal cells in a process that appears to involve dilation of individual endoplasmic reticulum cisternae that fuse with the tapetal cell membrane and release their contents into the locule. Following completion of the exine, the tapetal cell plastids develop membranebound inclusions with osmiophilic and electron-transparent regions. The plastids undergo ultrastructural changes that suggest breakdown of the inclusion membranes followed by release of their contents into the locule prior to the complete degeneration of the tapetal cells.
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  • 71
    ISSN: 1615-6102
    Schlagwort(e): Carrot hypocotyl explant ; Flow cytometry ; Somatic embryogenesis ; Ultrastructure
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Summary The cellular events occurring in carrot hypocotyl explants during long-term and pulse treatment with 2,4-D were followed using different techniques (light and transmission electron microscopy, flow cytometry, PCNA staining). Different morphogenetic pathways were induced under the various experimental conditions. Nevertheless, in the explants the activated cells were the same (provascular cells) and they showed very similar structural and ultrastructural changes. The long-term treatment with 2,4-D induced rapid re-activation of the cell cycle.
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  • 72
    ISSN: 1615-6102
    Schlagwort(e): Brassica napus ; Embryogenesis ; Heat shock ; Induction ; Microspore embryogenesis ; Ultrastructure
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Summary Brassica napus cv. Topas microspores, isolated and cultured near the time of the first pollen mitosis and subjected to a heat treatment of 24 h, can be induced to develop into haploid embryos. This is a study of microspore structure during induction and embryo determination. Early during the 32.5 °C incubation period the nucleus moved away from the edge of the cell, and granules, 30 to 60 nm in diameter, appeared in the mitochondria and as a cluster in the cytoplasm. Cells divided symmetrically and at the end of the heat treatment, acquired the features of induced bicellular structures described previously. The features persisted as the cells divided randomly within the exine for 4–7 days following heat induction. Multicellular structures released from the exine underwent periclinal divisions resulting in protoderm differentiation of the globular embryo, thus determining embryo development. The cytoplasm of early heart-stage embryos contains abundant polyribosomes. Non-embryogenic development was indicated by large accumulations of starch and/or lipid and thickened cell walls or an unorganized pattern of cell division following release of the multicellular structures from the exine. Embryogenesis is discussed in terms of induction, embryo determination and development.
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  • 73
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Protoplasma 189 (1995), S. 173-179 
    ISSN: 1615-6102
    Schlagwort(e): Cyclopiazonic acid ; Golgi apparatus ; Micrasterias ; Secretory pathway ; Tunicamycin ; Ultrastructure
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Summary Both tunicamycin, an inhibitor of N-linked glycosylation of proteins, and cyclopiazonic acid, which inhibits the Ca2+-dependent ATPase in the ER, influence the secretory pathway at the ER level and lead to a cessation of cell growth inMicrasterias. Electron microscopical investigations reveal that the mode of action of the two inhibitors differs. While tunicamycin treatment results in a disintegration of the Golgi bodies into small vesicles, cyclopiazonic acid prevents products being supplied from the ER, resulting in the dilatation of ER cisternae and a reduction in the number of Golgi cisternae, combined with a loss of dictyosomal activity. The disturbed cell wall formation under tunicamycin indicates that N-linked glycosylation of proteins is required for normal cell growth inMicrasterias. Moreover, our studies reveal that changes in cytoplasmic free calcium concentration, as a consequence of ATPase inhibition in the ER by cyclopiazonic acid, may inhibit wall material secretion by interrupting the normal ER-dictyosome association.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 74
    ISSN: 1618-2545
    Schlagwort(e): Turfgrass snow mold ; Typhula ishikariensis ; Ultrastructure
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract Light and transmission electron microscopy revealed thatTyphula ishikariensis penetrated into bentgrass leaves either through cuticles or stomata either by single hyphae or infection cushions formed on host surfaces. Time course study on infected leaves showed that penetration through stomatal subsidiary cells and their adjacent cells seemed to occur earlier than that through epidermal cells located farther from stomata. More than 30% of epidermal cells were infected by 10 days after inoculation. When hyphae penetrated through an intact cuticle of epidermal cells, they seemed to dissolve host cell walls enzymatically at penetration sites. Physical pressure also seemed to be involved in penetration.
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  • 75
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Environmental biology of fishes 43 (1995), S. 255-267 
    ISSN: 1573-5133
    Schlagwort(e): Gonadogenesis ; Early germ cell ; Teleost ; Ultrastructure ; Fish
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Synopsis Heterosexual gonad development in a sparid species, Lithognathus mormyrus, was studied by histological and cytological examination, during the first three years of life. Gonad bisexuality is achieved after two months of development, according to the cytological dynamics known in sparids. In one-year-old fishes, a variability in the gonad morphology of the juvenile is shown: three different types of ovotestis have been identified within the same cohort: ovotestes with testicular prevalence (25%), testicular and ovarian equivalence (20%), and ovarian prevalence (55%). This morphological variability of the juvenille ovotestes was consistent with the histological analysis of the sexual structure of the adult stock at the first sexual maturity, which constituted 55.5% of functional males (stemming from the first types of ovotestis) and 44.5% of primary females (from the third type). The plasticity of sexual expression in sparids is emphasized, revealing the potentialities of the ovotestis.
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  • 76
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Journal of industrial microbiology and biotechnology 14 (1995), S. 355-364 
    ISSN: 1476-5535
    Schlagwort(e): Transformation ; Fungi ; Yeast ; Genetics ; Biotechnology
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Werkstoffwissenschaften, Fertigungsverfahren, Fertigung
    Notizen: Summary The genetic investigation of fungi has been extended substantially by DNA-mediated transformation, providing a supplement to more conventional genetic approaches based upon sexual and parasexual processes. Initial transformation studies with the yeastSaccharomyces cerevisiae provided the model for transformation systems in other fungi with regard to methodology, vector construction and selection strategies. There are, however, certain differences betweenS. cerevisiae and filamentous fungi with regard to type of genomic insertion and the availability of shuttle vectors. Single-site linked insertions are common in yeast due to the high level of homology required for recombination between vectored and genomic sequences, whereas mycelial fungi often show a high frequency of heterologous and unlinked insertions, often in the form of random and multiple-site integrations. While extrachromosomally-maintained or replicative vectors are readily available for use with yeasts, such vectors have been difficult to construct for use with filamentous fungi. The development of vectors for replicative transformation with these fungi awaits further study. It is proposed that replicative vectors may be inherently less efficient for use with mycelial fungi relative to yeasts, since the mycelium, as an extended and semicontinuous network of cells, may delimit an adequate diffusion of the vector carrying the selectable gene, thus leading to a high frequency of abortive or unstable transformants.
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  • 77
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    European archives of oto-rhino-laryngology and head & neck 252 (1995), S. 370-373 
    ISSN: 1434-4726
    Schlagwort(e): Salivary gland tumors ; Inverted ductal papilloma ; Ultrastructure ; Cytokeratin
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract Ultrastructural features and cytokeratin expression of inverted ductal papillomas of minor salivary gland origin were studied. Under the electron microscope, an increased number of desmosomes and mucus-like granules in some cells were the most striking features. Immuno-histochemical study revealed that tumor cells displayed strongly positive reactions with cytokeratins 13 and 14, and less strong reactions with cytokeratins 7, 8, 18 and 5D3. These results support the hypothesis that an inverted ductal papilloma can be derived from the proximal portion of a salivary gland excretory duct.
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  • 78
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    European archives of oto-rhino-laryngology and head & neck 252 (1995), S. 30-34 
    ISSN: 1434-4726
    Schlagwort(e): Cartilage grafting ; Cryopreservation ; Cell biology ; Ultrastructure
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract Although transplantation of preserved cartilage has assumed a role of great importance in reconstructive surgery, there are many divergent and contradictory opinions with regard to the outcome of cryopreserved cartilage. This study was formulated to assess the functional state of chondrocytes after cryopreservation. Freeze injury and survival were studied using the trypan blue dye exclusion test, functional assay for cell adhesion and transmission electron microscopy. The methods applied clearly proved that a greater part of the cartilage cells was irreversibly damaged by cryopreservation. Findings demonstrated that cryopreserved cartilage remained non-viable and was not ablt to originate new cartilage. Thus, such cartilage will be reconstruction of parts of the skeleton subject to mechanical stress. The feasibility of cryopreservation techniques for providing vital cartilage substitutes needs further evaluation.
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  • 79
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Environmental biology of fishes 43 (1995), S. 1-27 
    ISSN: 1573-5133
    Schlagwort(e): Conservation ; Extinction ; Rarity ; Biodiversity ; Breeding guilds ; Endemism ; Speciation ; Habitat degradation ; Environmental management ; Invasive fishes ; Genetics ; Ecology ; Stenotopy ; Captive propagation ; Legislation
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Synopsis The conservation status and factors threatening fishes worldwide are reviewed in order to introduce a series of one-page articles on ‘Threatened fishes of the world’, and to encourage the incorporation of information on threatened fishes into international conservation programmes. Information on fish extinction and threat rates are compared with those of other animal groups, and the unique characteristics of fish conservation problems are highlighted. At present 979 species of fishes are listed as threatened in the IUCN Red List and at least 36 species and three subspecies are listed as recently extinct. It is argued that these figures are probably gross underestimates and that they may mislead conservation authorities and resource users about the seriousness of the situation. Freshwater fishes may be the most threatened group of vertebrates after the Amphibia. Urgent action is required to save many narrowly endemic, stenotopic species from extinction, especially in Africa, Asia and South America. The conservation of common species that drive essential ecological processes is also important. Anthropogenic pressures, especially habitat degradation, the introduction of invasive species and pollution, on inland and coastal waters are particularly severe and many major fish communities are threatened with elimination throughout the world. The conservation of marine fishes is complicated by the fact that it is difficult to ascertain their rarity. The importance of the retention of genetic variation is highlighted, and both orthodox and innovative conservation measures are encouraged. Further research on minimum viable populations, genetics, and the factors that cause fishes to become vulnerable to extinction, is urgently required.
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  • 80
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Medical molecular morphology 28 (1995), S. 88-94 
    ISSN: 1860-1499
    Schlagwort(e): Breast cancer ; Spindle cell carcinoma ; Ultrastructure ; Immunohistochemistry
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract A spindle cell carcinoma of the breast was investigated by electron microscopy and immunohistochemistry. Histologically, the tumor was composed of an admixture of carcinomatous parts and sarcomatoid element composed of atypical spindle cells. Ultrastructurally, carcinomatous cells had numerous tonofilaments and desmosomes, and occasional intracytoplasmic lumina. In contrast, spindle cells possessed numerous intermediate filaments and a few weak junctions. Immunohistochemically, carcinomatous cells showed positive reactions for epithelial markers, but spindle cells for vimentin, only. Thus, the carcinomatous cells had characteristics of epithelial cells, but the spindle cells had characteristics of mesenchymal cells. These features were distinguishable by both electron microscopy and immunohistochemistry.
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  • 81
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Medical molecular morphology 28 (1995), S. 111-117 
    ISSN: 1860-1499
    Schlagwort(e): Atypical meningioma ; Anaplastic meningioma ; Ultrastructure ; Brain invasion ; Recurrence
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract To clarify the cytologic features of atypical and anaplastic meningiomas, 11 tumors from 4 patients were examined by electron microscopy and compared to 10 classic meningiomas. Although all of the classic meningiomas had oval nuclei, many cytoplasmic organelles, typical regular interdigitation of cell processes, and many well-developed desmosomes with many intermediate filaments, atypical meningiomas showed irregularlyindented nuclei, poorly-developed interdigitation of irregular cell processes, and a decreased number of desmosomes. Anaplastic meningiomas were composed of immature cells with scant cytoplasm and poorly-developed cell processes. Mitoses were occasionally observed. The intercellular spaces were obvious, and immature desmosomes with small amounts of filaments were rarely found. A high recurrence rate and metastases can be predicted from the presence of loose contacts between tumor cells and frequent mitoses in atypical and anaplastic meningiomas.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 82
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Medical molecular morphology 28 (1995), S. 126-129 
    ISSN: 1860-1499
    Schlagwort(e): Ki-1 ; B-cell lymphoma ; Giant cell ; Ultrastructure
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract A 55-year-old woman had complained of swelling on the left side of the neck for 3 weeks. The tumor involved lateral cervical, and inguinal lymph nodes and the faucial tonsil on the left side. The histological diagnosis was Ki-1 positive, non-Hodgkin B-cell lymphoma, with diffuse large cells and bizarre giant cells. Under electron microscopic examination, the tumor cells contained markedly cleaved nuclei, many mitchondria and lamellar rough endoplasmic reticulum. This is the fourth case of Ki-1 positive B-cell lymphoma reported in Japanese literature.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 83
    ISSN: 1860-1499
    Schlagwort(e): Adenoid cystic carcinoma ; Esophagus ; Ultrastructure ; Carcinogenesis ; Immunohistochemistry
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract Immunohistochemical and electron microscopic findings of a primary adenoid cystic carcinoma of the esophagus from a 71-year-old male patient are described. An oval tumor in the middle intrathoracic esophagus was resected. The tumor appeared similar to a submucosal tumor and was histologically diagnosed as primary adenoid cystic carcinoma (ACC) of the esophagus. The patient has survived for 10 years postoperatively with no evidence of recurrence. Histologically, the tumor showed a cribriform, tubular or solid pattern. A small focus of squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) was found independently. Immunohistochemical results for keratin groups, S-100 protein and smooth muscle actin (αSMA) revealed similar profiles in the ACC tumor tissues and small ducts of the normal esphageal glands. By electron microscopy, tumor cells were found markedly similar to the small duct cells of the normal esophageal gland. These findings. indicate that ACC may originate from the esophageal glands, especially from cells of the small duct including intercalated duct.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 84
    ISSN: 1860-1499
    Schlagwort(e): Heart transplantation ; Cyclosporin ; Atrial natriuretic peptide ; Allograft rejection ; Ultrastructure
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract We examined ultrastructural changes and did immunohistochemical studies of atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) in biopsied samples obtained from the heart of a 16-year-old Japanese boy with dilated cardiomyopathy and from the transplanted donor heart. In the right ventricle of the diseased heart, a small number of atrial granules containing ANP were found in the perinuclear area of the cardiomyocytes and near areas lacking some myofibrils. Although no evidence of rejection was seen in the right ventricle of the transplanted donor heart under the light microscope, electron microscopy revealed moderate degeneration of cardiomyocytes and injuries to capillary endothelial cells. We did not find atrial granules, although the serum ANP level was elevated. These data suggest that the ultrastructural changes in the transplanted heart were related to a mild rejection, the effects of cyclosporin, or the effects of a domino heart transplantation from a patient with cystic fibrosis. Because of the absence of atrial granules in the right venticle, it is postulated that the high serum ANP level may be attributed to merely an increased secretion of ANP from atrial granules in the atria, without secretion of ANP in the ventricles.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 85
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Medical molecular morphology 28 (1995), S. 200-209 
    ISSN: 1860-1499
    Schlagwort(e): Ultrastructure ; Rat ; Endometrium ; Eosmophil ; Macrophage
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract Dynamic changes in the endometrial stroma during the following 5 stages of the estrous cycle in normal rats were examined by transmission electron microscopy. Diestrus: Macrophages migrated into the endometrial stroma from blood vessels. Proestrus: Eosinophils migrated into the endometrial stroma from blood vessels. They possessed specific crystalloid granules and small granules. Estrus: The endometrial stroma was swollen and stromal cells degenerated. Eosinophils contained a few or no crystalloid granules, while the number of small granules increased. Metestrus-1: Epithelial projections protruded through the basal lamina and established focal adhesions to stromal cells. Stromal cells also adhered to one another. Metestrus-2: Most eosinophils were engulfed by macrophages. In this report, we discuss the interaction of epithelial cells with endometrial stromal cells during the normal estrous cycle.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 86
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Theoretical medicine and bioethics 16 (1995), S. 347-373 
    ISSN: 1573-1200
    Schlagwort(e): Genetics ; human research ; adolescence ; child ; informed consent ; decision making ; medical ethics
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin , Philosophie
    Notizen: Abstract The participation of adolescents in genetic research engenders unusual problems concerning the nature of their informed consent. In this study we analyze 70 consent documents collected from genetics investigators in the United States who conduct research with children and adolescents. We find that many consent documents do not reflect either the current or the developing ethical and legal standards for research with adolescents and that in many cases the documents are simply confusing or unclear. We make recommendations for change to reflect more adequately the changing perspective concerning the autonomous decision-making capacity of adolescents.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 87
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Schlagwort(e): Rat ; Bone ; Osteoblast ; Osteocyte ; Gap junctions ; Vimentin ; Immunolocalization ; Ultrastructure ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Background: The immunogold labeling technique and transmission electron microscopy were used to demonstrate the expression and position of the intermediate filament vimentin in rat osteoblast and osteocyte cell bodies and cell processes. Conventional light and transmission electron microscopic studies of bone cells demonstrated adjacent cell linkage to be mediated by osteoblast and osteocyte processes present within the canalicular system traversing the bone matrix. The cell processes were filled with densely packed filaments, many of which have been shown previously to be actin microfilaments. The appearance, however, of 10 nm diameter filaments in some cell processes and the fact that the intermediate filament vimentin has been defined in many cells of mesenchymal origin raised the possibility that some of these filaments might be vimentin. The ultrastructural colloidal gold immunochemical technique allowed for demonstration in situ of the expression of vimentin filaments plus accurate definition of their position.Methods: The studies were performed in newborn rat femoral and tibial diaphyseal cortical bone and in 1-week-old repair bone from 2.4 mm diameter defects made through the lateral cortex in 6-week-old rat femurs and tibias. The bone tissues for the immunochemical study were fixed in 1% glutaraldehyde, 4% paraformaldehyde, and 0.1 M phosphate buffer (pH 7.4) for 2 days. Decalcification was performed in 6% EDTA for 2-3 days. Infiltration involved use of Lowicryl resin K4M, and the embedding and curing processes were performed in a cryostat with temperatures -30°C. An antivimentin monoclonal antibody was used for labeling using the postembedding technique. Effective antibody dilutions ranged from 1:10 to 1:200, with the dilutions of 1:25 and 1:100 showing the best combination of filament labeling with the least matrix background. The grids were exposed to 10 nanometer gold colloid conjugated goat anti-mouse IgM for demonstration of binding.Results: Vimentin immunolabeling was defined clearly in relation to filaments within the osteoblast and osteocyte cell body cytoplasm, throughout the entire length of the osteoblast and osteocyte cell processes, and in close relationship to the intercellular gap junctions which were present within the cell processes both close to the cell bodies and within the canaliculi well away from them.Conclusions: Immunogold labeling demonstrates the presence of the intermediate filament vimentin in osteoblast and osteocyte cell bodies and processes of rat bone. Vimentin distribution is not concentrated to specific areas, is present throughout the extent of the bodies and processes, and is seen immediately adjacent to gap junctions. © 1995 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
    Zusätzliches Material: 9 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 88
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 242 (1995), S. 83-90 
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Schlagwort(e): Thymus ; Myelopoiesis ; Erythropoiesis ; Granulopoiesis ; Ultrastructure ; Sea bass ; Dicentrarchus labrax ; Teleostei ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Background: In vertebrates the thymus is primarily regarded as a lymphoid organ whose importance lies in its capacity to produce a large number of lymphocytes that enter the circulation as T cells. In higher vertebrates the organ has also been regarded as a site for my elopoiesis, but this capacity has not been observed in fish. In this study we describe morphologically the presence of intrathymic developing myeloid cells in the sea bass.Methods: The thymus samples were morphologically studied by transmission electron microscopy.Results: We describe the coexistence of cells in different stages of erythropoiesis and granulopoiesis that appear to be developing in situ in some thymus lobes. Degenerated thymocytes and epithelial-reticular cells occur simultaneously in the same areas.Conclusions: The coexistence of different cellular components of erythropoiesis and the heterophilic series of granulopoiesis with areas of necrosis suggests a relationship between both processes that is influenced by the microenvironment. Our observations also suggest that the presence of intrathymic developing myeloid cells may imply a nonimmunological role for the thymus. © 1995 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
    Zusätzliches Material: 4 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 89
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 242 (1995), S. 77-82 
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Schlagwort(e): Ultrastructure ; Hyperthermia ; Endothelium ; Cerebral ; Thrombosis ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Background: Pial microvessels' responses to local hyperthermia revealed the development of in vivo spontaneous thrombosis. The cellular and subcellular changes which contribute to such events remained unexplored. Therefore, the effect of regional hyperthermia (43°C) on mouse pial microvessels was studied at the ultrastructural level.Methods: A simple cranial window assembly, including an artificial cerebrospinal fluid delivery and heating system to ensure a precise brain regional temperature, was used. The animal core body temperature was maintained at 37°C. Topical and transvessel bimodal fixation of microvessels was done with a phosphate buffered mixture of glutaraldehyde and paraformaldehyde, followed by a standard electron microscopy procedure.Results: When the pial microvessels of control (37°C) animals were examined, no evidence of cellular damage was discerned. Endothelial. cells including luminal membrane were unchanged. Degranulated platelets or platelet aggregates were not seen. However, numerous platelets in association with scattered red blood cells and occasional white blood cells could be observed in a close proximity, but not adhered, to the endothelial wall of hyperthermic (43°C) brains. Platelets displayed a variety of forms consistent with the onset of platelet activation. Discoid platelets containing granules and spheroid degranulated platelets and those with large pseudopodia were recognized. The venular endothelial surface revealed conspicuous endothelial change, with the presence of endothelial denudation. The site of platelet aggregation in both venules and arterioles was accompanied by focal endothelial lucency and denudation vacuole formation, luminal membrane rupture, and swelling of the nuclear envelope.Conclusions: These findings demonstrate the extent of damage to the pial microvasculature in response to a local hyperthermic exposure. The results emphasize that changes in the endothelium may represent the earliest signs of oncoming vascular pathology. © 1995 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
    Zusätzliches Material: 7 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 90
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 241 (1995), S. 401-410 
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Schlagwort(e): Parathyroid gland ; Ultrastructure ; Possum (Trichosurus vulpecula) ; Thymus ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Backgound: Reviews of the comparitive antomy of the parathyroid glands contain very little or no information on this endocrine gland in marsupials. This paper is the initial report of a broader investigation of the parathyroid glands in marsupials and monotremes.Method: Nineteen possums Trishosurus vulpecula were used in the study of the anatomy, histology, and ultrastructure of the parathyroid glands. Tissue sections were examined using routine light and electron microscopic techniques.Results: Parathyroid III is larger than parathyroid IV. The former occurs in the vicinity of the carotid bifurcation; the latter is found in the mediastinum, and in 67% of samples it was observed to be associated with thymic tissue. In parathyroid III specimens, 12.5% had follicles, 25% had cysts, and 16% contained thymic tissue. Ultrastructurally, the majority of specimens consisted of principal cells; no oxyphil cells were seen. Light and dark cells were only seen in glands that had been fixed by perfusion. Junctions between thymic and parathyroid tissues showed intervening epithelial reticular cells, but a basal lamina was not always apparent. In three specimens, cells that resembled water-clear cells were present. It is proposed that these unusual cells may reflect a state of impaired health in these possums.Conclusions: Except for the presence of vacuolated cells labelled water-clear cells, the histology of the parathyroid gland in the possum shows many similiarities to that in many eutherians. © 1995 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
    Zusätzliches Material: 14 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 91
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 241 (1995), S. 417-424 
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Schlagwort(e): Myogenesis ; Upper limb bud ; Human embryo ; Ultrastructure ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Background: The ultrastructure of the myogenesis, which proceeds along with the appearance of muscle-specific proteins and isozymes, has not been fully described in the upper limb of staged human embryos.Methods: Eight human embryos (Carnegie stage 14-22) and two fetuses (11 and 12 weeks of gestation) were fixed with 5% glutaraldehyde, 4% paraformaldehyde, and 0.2% picric acid in 0.1 M phosphate buffer, pH 7.2. The upper limbs were dissected out and processed for transmission electron microscopy, and sections of the biceps brachii muscle were cut and examined.Results: At stage 14, the myoblasts were loosely scattered in the ventral proximal region of the upper limb bud and had a small amount of cytoplasm with a few intracellular organelles. At stage 16, the myoblasts were spindle shaped and oriented parallel to the axis of the upper limb bud. These cells had irregularly shaped nuclei with prominent nucleoli, rough endoplasmic reticulum (ER), and mitochondria, but no myofilaments were observed. At stages 17-19, rough ER, free ribosomes, and mitochondria increased in number and thick and thin filaments with faint Z-lines appeared in the peripheral cytoplasm of the myotube. The plasma membranes of some neighboring myotubes were continuous, suggesting that these cells were in the initial stages of the fusion process. At stage 22, the striated pattern of the myofilaments became evident and tubular structures appeared around them and near the plasma membrane. In the fetus at the 11th week, the basal lamina began to surround the myotubes, and T-tubules with sarcoplasmic reticulum were observed. Dyads and triads were observed in the myotube of the 12th week fetus.Conclusion: These findings suggest that rapid myogenesis occurs during the late embryonic period in human upper limbs and that the ultrastructural characteristics of mature myotubes are established during the early fetal period. © 1995 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
    Zusätzliches Material: 9 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 92
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 241 (1995), S. 469-486 
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Schlagwort(e): Marmoset monkey ; Blastocyst culture ; Ultrastructure ; Trophoblast ; Inner cell mass ; Amniotic cavity ; Endoderm ; Implantation ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Background: The objective was to develop an experimental model for studying the differentiation of trophoblast and inner cell mass (ICM) during the early stages of implantation in primates.Methods: Marmoset monkey blastocysts were used in these studies. Ovulation was timed by plasma progesterone assays in ovarian cycles initiated by administering a luteolytic agent to mating marmosets. Embryos were recovered from the uterus usually àt the eight-cell stage and cultured in minimum essential medium containing fetal calf serum, insulin, and transferrin. The embryos that formed hatched hatched blastocysts by about day 11 after ovulation were transferred for further development in Matrigel-coated culture chambers. After 2, 4, and 6 days of development, two blastocysts were processed at each interval and serially sectioned for light and electron microscopy.Results: All blastocysts adhered to the Matrigel at their embryonic pole within 24 hours. Adherent polar cytotrophoblast was differentiating to syncytiotrophoblast at all time intervals, but syncytium was not detected in mural trophoblast until day 4 after attachment. By day 2 syncytial microvilli and processes had penetrated the Matrigel surface, whereas by days 4 and 6 cytotrophoblast that was differentiating to syncytiotrophoblast had invaded the matrix. Since all blastocysts maintained their structural integrity progressive differentiation of the ICM, endoderm and presumptive mesoderm was observed. A small amniotic cavity was observed at 2 days and by 6 days a distinct cavity separated polarized epiblast and amnion cells. Visceral and parietal endoderm were present at 2 days, and a completed primary yolk sac was observed by 4 days after attachment. In all blastocysts a basal lamina lined the inner surface of mural and polar trophoblast and the basal surface of the differentiating ICM.Conclusions: The developmental time sequence of the cultured blastocysts closely resembled the time frame reported for marmoset embryos implanting in utero. An effective model for studying trophoblast invasion and differentiation of embryonic germ cell layers has been established. © 1995 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
    Zusätzliches Material: 29 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 93
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 242 (1995), S. 424-431 
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Schlagwort(e): Synaptic plasticity ; Glucocorticoids ; Stress ; Ultrastructure ; NMJ ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Background: Chronic exposure to glucocorticoids affects both the structure and function of vertebrate skeletal muscles. As little is known about the effects of such steroids on the neuromuscular junctions (NMJs) of different muscle fiber types, the influence of chronic corticosterone (CORT) administration on the ultrastructure of NMJs of soleus (SOL) and extensor digitorum longus (EDL) was studied.Methods: Ten Fischer 344 male rats, the same animals used previously, were either injected daily with 5-10 mg CORT or received vehicle as control animals for 3 months and were sacrificed at 5 months of age. Muscles were bathed in situ in 4% phosphate buffered glutaraldehyde for ten minutes, then removed and conventional electron microscopic procedures were followed. Qualitative and quantitative observations of nerve terminal ultrastructures were statistically treated with multivariate analysis of variance to determine differences between control and CORT-treated animals.Results: Fast-twitch EDL muscles were more affected by CORT-treatment than slow-twitch SOL muscles. Morphometric analysis of NMJ's in CORT-treated rats revealed significant decrease in fiber diameter, nerve terminal area and synaptic vesicle density, but a significant increase in synaptic cleft (P〈0.05). The NMJ's underwent partial denervation and reinnervation processes as demonstrated by large areas of presynaptic nerve terminal occupied by microtubules and electron dense granular material.Conclusions: Chronic CORT-treatments induced degenerative changes which were more pronouced in fast-twitch EDL muscles than slow-twitch SOL muscles, suggesting that pattern or amount of activity affect the CORT-treatment outcome. These steriod-induced stress changes are similar to those observed in aging and disuse studies of NMJ. Thus, glucocorticoid hormones may play an etiological role in the homeostasis of the NMJ in response to various stimuli. © 1995 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
    Zusätzliches Material: 6 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 94
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 243 (1995), S. 165-174 
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Schlagwort(e): Osteoclast ; Cytoskeleton ; Nuclear matrix ; Ultrastructure ; Intermediate filament ; Actin ; Vimentin ; Nuclear pores ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Background: There have been few detailed transmission electron microscopic studies of the cytoskeleton of osteoclasts to date because of the high electron density of their cytoplasmic matrix, and there is a controversy concerning the presence of stress fibers in these cells.Methods: The cytoskeleton and nuclear matrix of osteoclasts in the rat cranium were studied by transmission electron microscopy after perfusing the organs with a mixture of Triton X-100 and a low concentration of glutaraldehyde to reduce the electron density of the intracellular matrix and by immunoelectron microscopy using anti-actin and anti-vimentin antibodies.Results: In osteoclasts, abundant microfilaments, 5 - 6 nm in diameter, extended across the cell organelles. These filaments were also observed just under the cell membrane facing the bone, but thick bundles of microfilaments were not noted. In the cytoplasm, there were fibers 10-12 nm in diameter, which were considered to be intermediate filaments distributed in the same pattern as microfilaments. Filamentous structures consisting both of the microfilaments and intermediate filaments connected the nuclei. Intermediate filaments linked nuclei at nuclear pores (near the euchromatin), and microfilaments connected nuclei at areas of the nuclear membrane containing nucleolus-associated heterochromatin. In the nuclear matrix after detergent treatment, thin filaments and intermediate -type filaments were found connecting the heterochromatins.Conclusions: Euchromatin is considered to be an active site of DNA and RNA synthesis. Our structural evidence has lead to the proposal that intermediate filaments in the cytoplasm may act as tracks for transmission of information between nuclei and guides for the transit of molecules through the pores. © 1995 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
    Zusätzliches Material: 9 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 95
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 243 (1995), S. 208-222 
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Schlagwort(e): Lymph node ; Innervation ; Immunostimulation ; Ultrastructure ; Varicosities ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Background: In a previous study at the LM level we have found an increase in the density of innervation of axillary lymph nodes of the rat 4 months after antigenic stimulation.Methods: To reduce the variability of the results, animals reared under sterile conditions, and stimulated by subcutaneous application of bovine albumin, were used. The control group of animals was compared with three experimental groups surviving the application of antigen for varying periods, so that the ascending phase, the peak, and the descending phase of production of antibodies were represented. The present publication presents the results of the same experiment, but with an ultrastructural analysis of axonal profiles and their spatial relationship to the cells of the lymph node.Results: The present study indicates that, at the ultrastructural level, significant changes occur also during the early phase of the immune response, 10 days after application of antigen. In the short-term response these changes take the form of an increase in the proportion of unensheathed axonal profiles (open areas) that contain vesicles, a more frequent association of open areas containing vesicles with cells, and an increase in the size of the open areas. In the long-term reaction there is a general increase in the number of all open areas, but a reduction in the proportion that contains vesicles.Conclusions: Our results demonstrate functional plasticity of the autonomic nervous system in response to normal physiological stimuli, and interaction between the nervous and immune systems during the immune response. © 1995 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
    Zusätzliches Material: 12 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 96
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 243 (1995), S. 254-260 
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Schlagwort(e): Thyroid follicular cells ; Ultrastructure ; Thyroxine ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Background: The onset of thyriod function occurs at different times with respect to birth in different mammals. In most marsupials studied thus far, thyroid function begins during the latter half of pouch life. However, in marsupials, thyroxine can be transported from the mother to the young via milk. In this study the plasma concentration of the thyroid hormones, thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3), in the young was correlated with the ultrastructural appearance of the thyroid of the young.Methods: Thyroid glands at 40, 65, 70, 96, 113, 115, and 129 days postpartum and from an adult were examined with the light and electron microscope. Plasma concentrations of both T4 and T3 in young possums were determined by radioimmunoassay.Results: Plasma concentrations of T4 in the young were less than 10 ng/ml prior to day 60 and 12 ng/ml on day 60; they rose to a peak of 45 ng/ml on day 120 postpartum and then diminished to below 10 ng/ml by day 160 postpartum. Plasma T3 concentrations were similar in profile, the peak concentration being 0.25 ng/ml on day 120 postpartum, and, as with T4, T3 concentrations decreased in the latter part of the lactation period. The morphology of the follicular cells of the thyroid gland would suggest that the developing brushtail possum is capable of producing thyroxine at about day 65 postpartum. Densely staining bodies, presumably lysosomes that are required for the conversion of thyroglobulin to thyroxine, were first seen on day 65, and greater quantities were noted in day 96, 113, 115, and 129 thyroid tissue.Conclusions: The plasma concentrations of T4 and T3 of the young are greater than that of the adult by day 60 postpartum, with peak concentrations of thyroid hormones on day 120 postpartum. Ultrastructural examination would suggest that the possum thyroid gland is capable of producing thyroid hormones at about day 65 postpartum. The activation of the thyroid gland precedes the reported increase in growth rate of the young possum on day 96 (Gemmell and Hendrikz, 1993. Aust. J. Zool., 41:141 - 149 ). © 1995 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
    Zusätzliches Material: 11 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 97
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 243 (1995), S. 303-311 
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Schlagwort(e): Whorls of rough-surfaced endoplasmic reticulum ; Golgi apparatus ; Lingual salivary glands ; Ultrastructure ; Hibernation ; Salamander ; Amphibia ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Background: In general the ultrastructure of secretory cells can be modified under secretory stimulated and non-stimulated conditions. The ultrastructure of the lingual salivary glands of hibernating salamanders in the natural environment was examined and compared to those of fasted and fed animals kept in the laboratory.Methods: Hibernating salamanders of the species Hynobius tokyoensis were collected from the natural environment during the winter breeding season and sacrificed for this study. One group was sacrificed immediately, another group was kept under fasted condition, and another group was regularly fed; both of the latter groups were kept at room temperature for 1 month and then sacrificed. The tongue was fixed for electron microscopy and processed by conventional methods, and semithin sections were histochemically examined for glycoconjugates.Results: The lingual salivary glands of this salamander species were composed of simple or often branched tubular glands opening onto the dorsal surface of the tongue. The secretory cells which composed their terminal portions were all columnar in morphology and histochemically mucous in nature. Under hibernation or prolonged fasting at room temperature, the mucous granules of these columnar secretory cells were decreased in number and the Golgi apparatus appeared inactive. A conspicuous structural peculiarity was multiple fingerprint-like structures of the rough-surfaced endoplasmic reticulum (RER). Most of these membranes were composed of stacks of tightly packed cisternae. Under regular feeding, the mucous granules were closely packed in the cytoplasm of the secretory cells and the basal necleus was slightly enlarged. The Golgi apparatus showed progressive activation with distended saccules. The unique membranous arrangement of the RER which was observed in the fasting animals was completely absent, and the cisternae were irregular in width with considerable variation of the intercisternal spaces.Conclusions: The tongue of the salamander H. tokyoensis has numerous tubular salivary glands which are mucous in nature. The architecture of the organelles in the secretory cells is subject to modification in response to the cellular metabolism. © 1995 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
    Zusätzliches Material: 9 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 98
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 243 (1995), S. 421-429 
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Schlagwort(e): C3H mouse ; Enchondral ossification ; Fetus ; Limb bud ; Osteoclast ; Parathyroid hormone (PTH) ; Tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) ; Ultrastructure ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Background: It is not well known how the immediate precursors of osteoclast develop into osteoclasts in the fetus. This ultrastructural-cytochemical study was designed to clarify the formation process of the osteoclasts and their increased activities in the fetal mouse limb buds after administration of high dose parathyroid hormone (PTH).Methods: Twenty-four or forty-eight hours after the high doses of PTH were injected into amniotic fluid of the pregnant C3H mice, the femoral limb buds of embryos were dissected out. Tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) reactions were performed while preparing specimens for electron microscopy.Results: Both control and PTH-given preosteoclasts and osteoclasts exhibited TRAP-positivities in dense bodies and vesicles. As effects of PTH, a binucleated preosteoclast of tandem fashion was observed. More osteoclastic hyperactivities were observed in the diaphyseal bone marrow. An osteoclast with a large cytoplasm exhibited two sets of clear zones and ruffled borders. Some osteoclasts demonstrated prominent amoeboid figures, while other osteoclasts developed large cytoplasmic vacuoles, which contained pieces of calcified chondroid bars.Conclusions: Our results revealed the progression of maturation from young preosteoclasts to osteoclasts. An existence of a peculiar binucleated preosteoclasts suggested one of the processes for multinucleation of the osteoclast. Quite remarkable osteoclastic hyperactivities were obviously the effects of high dose PTH. Our results also indicated the endophagocytic ability of the osteoclast. How PTH affected the osteoclasts and their precursors in the diaphyseal bone marrow can be speculated. © 1995 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
    Zusätzliches Material: 11 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 99
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Schlagwort(e): NK cell ; Dog ; Ultrastructure ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Background: The purpose of this work was to describe the ultrastructure and cytochemical staining characteristics of canine peripheral blood lymphocytes with natural killer (NK) cell activity, with comparison made to non-NK lymphocytes.Methods: Canine lymphocyte populations evaluated for ultrastructure, cytochemical staining, and NK function (by 51 chromium release assay) included: peripheral blood lymphocytes; lymphocytes from band 1 (NK-enriched), band 2, and the pellet of a 45/50% percoll gradient; lymphocytes from the supernatant fluid (non-conjugated lymphocytes) and pellet (lymphocytes conjugated to tumor cell targets) of a 17% percoll gradient; and null (CD4-CD8-) and CD4-CD8+ lymphocytes.Results: NK activity was concentrated in band 1 lymphocytes of the 45/50% percoll gradient with further enhancement of activity occurring in sorted null cells. Canine NK cells were 5.5 to 6.5 μm in diameter with a reniform (kidney bean shape) nucleus, and electron-dense cytoplasmic granules. NK cells (percoll band 1 cells and null cells) had larger cell and nuclear area, and less round nuclei when compared to non-NK lymphocytes. The overall cytochemical staining (chloracetate esterase, peroxidase, sudan black B, naphthyl acetate esterase, naphthyl butyrate esterase periodic acid-Schiff stain, and acid phosphatase with and without tartrate) pattern was similar in all the lymphocyte populations evaluated.Conclusions: This work confirms the usefulness of a 45/50% percoll gradient in obtaining a NK-enriched fraction of canine lymphocytes, and shows further enhancement of NK activity in sorted CD4-CD8- cells. The ultrastructure of canine NK cells is similar to that reported for human NK cells, but is different from that of other canine peripheral blood lymphocytes. Standard cytochemical staining does not discriminate canine NK cells from other lymphocytes. © 1995 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
    Zusätzliches Material: 6 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 100
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Schlagwort(e): Reticulo-endothelial stroma ; Teleosts ; Gilthead seabream ; Sparus aurata ; Stroma ; Ultrastructure ; Cytochemistry ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Background: Head-kidney, considered the major fish lympho-haemopoietic tissue, consists of cells of the different haemopoietic series supported by a network of stromal cells whose morphofunctional properties have not been established. We report the ultrastructure and cytochemical features of the reticulo-endothelial stroma of the head-kidney from the seawater teleost gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata L.).Methods: Samples of head-kidney were processed for electron microscopic study. Some of the samples were incubated for acid and alkaline phosphatase, peroxidase, glucose-6-phosphatase, or ATPase.Results: The reticulo-endothelial stroma of gilthead seabream head-kidney consists of sinusoidal cells (endothelial and adventitial cells) and reticular cells (macrophage-type reticulum and fibroblast-like reticular cells). Transcytosis vesicles and rounded medium electron-dense granules were observed in the cytoplasm of the endothelial cells. The adventitial cells partially covered the outside surface of the endothelial cells and were joined by desmosomes. The macrophage-type reticulum cells were characterized by their cytoplasmic processes and acid phosphatase positive lysosomes. The fibroblast-like reticular cells were joined by desmosomes and formed an extensive network between the haemopoietic parenchyma. They were peroxidase negative and acid and alkaline phosphatase, glucose-6-phosphatase, β-glucuronidase, and ATPase positive.Conclusions: The ultrastructural and cytochemical features of the reticulo-endothelial stroma of the gilthead seabream head-kidney are similar to those of mammalian bone marrow, suggesting phylogenetic analogies between both tissues. © 1995 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
    Zusätzliches Material: 4 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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