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  • 1
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    Die Wissensberechnungsmaschine Wolfram|Alpha (2009)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-12-11
    Description: Im Mai 2009 wurde Wolfram|Alpha gestartet, ein Service, der seinen Namen von seinem Entwickler, dem britischen Mathematiker Stephen Wolfram, ableitet. Dem Benutzer soll nicht nur eine Liste von Webseiten als Ergebnis auf Anfragen geliefert werden, sondern Antworten auf konkrete Fragen geben. In diesem Report soll gezeigt werden, warum sichWolframjAlpha von Suchmaschinen abgrenzt und was die Berechnung von Antworten auf natürlichsprachliche Fragen möglich machen kann.
    Description: Wolfram|Alpha was started in May 2009 and it's a service whose name derives from the british mathematician Stephen wolfram. As a result for a request the user is not just supported with a list of websites but with answers for concrete questions. In this report it will be shown why Wolfram|Alpha seperates from search engines and moreover what makes the computation of answers for natural language queries possible.
    Keywords: ddc:004
    Language: German
    Type: reportzib , doc-type:preprint
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 2
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    Co-Reservation of Resources in the Grid (2009)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-06-30
    Description: Executing applications in the Grid often requires access to multiple geographically distributed resources. In a Grid environment, these resources belong to different administrative domains, each employing its own scheduling policy. That is, at which time an activity (e.g., compute job, data transfer) is started, is decided by the resource's local management system. In such an environment, the coordinated execution of distributed applications requires guarantees on the quality of service (QoS) of the needed resources. Reserving resources in advance is an accepted means to obtain QoS guarantees from a single provider. The challenge, however, is to coordinate advance reservations of multiple resources. This work presents a system architecture and mechanisms to coordinate multiple advance reservations -- called co-reservations -- for delivering QoS guarantees to complex applications. We formally define the co-reservation problem as an optimization problem. The presented model supports three dimensions of freedom: the start time, the duration and the service level of a reservation. Requests and resources are described in a simple language. After matching the static properties and requirements of either side in a mapping, the reservation mechanism probes information about the future status of the resources. The versatile design of the probing step allows the efficient processing of requests, but also lets the resources express their preferences among the myriads of reservation candidates. Next, the best mapping is found through an implementation of the formal co-reservation model. Then, the mapping has to be secured, i.e., resources need to be allocated to a co-reservation candidate with all-or-nothing semantics. We study several goal-driven sequential and concurrent allocation mechanisms and define schemes for handling allocation failures. Finally, we introduce the concept of virtual resources for seamlessly embedding co-reservations into Grid resource management.
    Description: Die Ausführung von Anwendungen erfordert oft mehrere, geographisch verteilte Ressourcen. In Grid-Umgebungen gehören diese Ressourcen zu verschiedenen administrativen Organisationen, wobei jede ihre eigene Schedulingregeln verwendet. Das bedeutet, zu welcher Zeit eine Aktivität gestartet wird (z.B. ein Rechenjob), wird vom lokalen Ressourcenmanagementsystem entschieden. Die koordinierte Ausführung von verteilten Anwendungen erfordert Dienstgütegarantien für die benötigten Ressourcen. Das Reservieren von Ressourcen im Voraus ist ein Mittel, um Dienstgütegarantien von einem einzelnen Ressourcenanbieter zu erhalten. Die Herausforderung in dieser Arbeit ist, Vorausreservierungen von mehreren Ressourcen zu koordinieren. Es wird ein System für die Koordinierung mehrerer Vorausreservierungen -- Co-Reservierungen genannt -- für die Bereitstellung von Dienstgütegarantien vorgestellt. Wir definieren das Co-Reservierungsproblem als Optimierungsproblem. Das vorgestellte Modell unterstützt drei Freiheitsgrade: die Startzeit, die Dauer und die Dienstgüte einer Reservierung. Anfragen und Ressourcen werden in einer einfachen Sprache beschrieben. Nachdem statische Eigenschaften und Anforderungen beider Seiten überprüft wurden, ermittelt der Reservierungsmechanismus Informationen über den zukünftigen Zustand der Ressourcen. Dieser Schritt ist so allgemein gehalten, daß er sowohl ein effizientes Bearbeiten der Anfragen erlaubt als auch den Ressourcen ermöglicht ihre Präferenzen auszudrücken. Im Anschluss wird die optimale Zuweisung von Anfragen zu Ressourcen ermittelt. Im letzten Schritt muss diese Zuweisung umgesetzt werden, d.h., entweder alle oder keine Ressource wird allokiert. Es werden mehrere sequentielle und parallele Allokationsverfahren vorgestellt sowie deren Auswirkung auf verschiedene Metriken untersucht. Die Einbettung von Co-Reservierungen in das Grid-Ressourcenmanagement wird anhand des Konzeptes der virtuellen Ressource dargestellt.
    Keywords: ddc:004
    Language: English
    Type: doctoralthesis , doc-type:doctoralThesis
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 3
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    Ein Peer-to-Peer System mit Bereichsabfragen in PlanetLab (2009)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-06-30
    Description: Aktuelle Entwicklungen zeigen, dass Peer-to-Peer (P2P) Anwendungen wie Skype oder Bittorrent im Internet immer mehr an Bedeutung gewinnen. In den letzten Jahren hat es einen explosionsartigen Anstieg an Nutzern und Daten in solchen Netzen gegeben. Dabei stellt der eigentliche Dateitransfer zwischen zwei Rechnern kein großes Problem mehr dar und auch der Speicherbedarf für die große Menge an Daten kann durch die Weiterentwicklung der Hardware gut gedeckt werden. Das eigentliche Problem liegt vielmehr darin, den Rechner zu finden, der die gewünschten Daten hat. Client-Server Architekturen, wie zum Beispiel Napster, haben sich als ungünstig herausgestellt. Wenige Server, die eine große Anzahl an Clients bedienen müssen, sind einerseits sehr anfällig gegenüber Angriffen und Ausfällen (Single Point of Failure)und kommen auch nicht mit der ständig wachsenden Anzahl an Nutzern zurecht. Verteilte Hashtabellen (DHT) bieten hier einen guten Lösungsansatz, der mit einer großen Anzahl an Nutzern skaliert und ausfallsicher ist. Andere dezentrale Lösungen, wie zum Beispiel das P2P Netzwerk Gnutella haben zwar das Problem des Single Point of Failure gelöst, jedoch haben sie starke Nachteile bei der Suche nach Keys. Bei einer Suche wird ein Broadcast verwendet (jeder schickt die Anfrage an jeden weiter) und damit ein enormer Netzwerkverkehr erzeugt. In "Why Gnutella Can't Scale. No, Really" wird erklärt, dass eine Suchanfrage bei Standardeinstellungen in der Clientsoftware einen Netzwerkverkehr von 17MB erzeugt. Deswegen wird zusätzlich eine Lösung benötigt, die Keys und Values geordnet verteilt, damit sie gezielt gesucht werden können. Aus diesem Grund beschäftigt sich die folgende Arbeit mit einer völlig dezentralen Architektur, die außerdem eine sinnvolle Platzierung der Keys vornimmt. Die dezentrale Architektur hat den Vorteil, dass die Endgeräte den Hauptteil des Dienstes selbst erbringen und damit jeder zusätzliche Teilnehmer seine eigenen Ressourcen beisteuert. Diese Arbeit präsentiert Chord#, eine dezentrale, skalierbare und selbstorganisierende verteilte Hashtabelle. Chord# wurde ausgewählt, da in dieser Arbeit auch Wert auf Bereichsabfragen gelegt wurde. Diese sind zum Beispiel bei dem Chord Algorithmus nicht möglich, da dieser eine Hashfunktion für die Keys verwendet und somit die Daten zwar gleichmäßig aber unsortiert auf die Teilnehmer verteilt. Es wird in dieser Arbeit gezeigt, dass mit Hilfe von Chord# auch ohne die Hashfunktion gute Ergebnisse erzielt werden. Außerdem können durch den Verzicht auf die Hashfunktion Bereichsabfragen ermöglicht werden. Dafür wird der Chord# Algorithmus in Java implementiert (ca. 1500 Zeilen Code) und in dem Forschungsnetz PlanetLab ausführlich auf Laufzeiten, Instandhaltungskosten und Skalierung getestet.
    Description: Recent developments show that peer-to-peer (p2p) applications, such as Skype or Bittorrent have become increasingly important in the internet. Over the last years there has been a rapid growth of both users and data in such networks. However, the actual file transfer between two peers is not really an issue anymore. The same holds true for data storage, since the new hardware grants users enough space to store their data. The real problem is finding the peers that possess the desired data. Client-server architectures like Napster have proven to be ineffective addressing that problem. One or few servers being responsible for many peers are vulnerable to attacks or failures (single point of failure). Additionally, they are unable to cope with the rapidly growing number of peers. Distributed hashtables (DHT) are a good approach to solve these problems, since they scale nicely with large numbers of peers and provide a high tolerance for errors. Other decentralized solutions like the p2p network Gnutella solved the problem of Single Point of Failure but show considerable disadvantages when searching for keys. The peers in Gnutella use a broadcast (sending the message to all peers they know)resulting in massive traffic. According to "Why Gnutella Can't Scale. No, Really.", each search using standard client settings yields 17MB traffc. This calls for a different solution, distributing keys and values to peers quickly and efficiently so they can be found fast. For that reason this thesis focuses on a fully distributed architecture using organized key placement. One major advantage of distributed architecture is the fact, that the peers do most of the work themselves. This way, new peers joining the network add resources to it. This thesis presents Chord#, a scalable, self-organizing and completely decentralized DHT. It has been chosen due to its capability to allow range queries. The regular Chord algorithm does not support range queries, because of the hashfunction it uses to evenly distribute the keys among the peers. This results in similar or logical coherent keys most likely not being close together in the network. This thesis shows Chord# achieving same results as Chord - regarding performance costs - without the hashfunction. In dropping the hashfunction this algorithm allows the use of range queries. The Chord# algorithm is implemented in Java (about 1500 lines of code) and thoroughly tested in the research network PlanetLab. The results are evaluated regarding performance, maintenance and scalability.
    Keywords: ddc:004
    Language: German
    Type: masterthesis , doc-type:masterThesis
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 4
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    DHT Load Balancing with Estimated Global Information (2009)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-11-02
    Description: One of the biggest impacts on the performance of a Distributed Hash Table (DHT), once established, is its ability to balance load among its nodes. DHTs supporting range queries for example suffer from a potentially huge skew in the distribution of their items since techniques such as consistent hashing can not be applied. Thus explicit load balancing schemes need to be deployed. Several such schemes have been developed and are part of recent research, most of them using only information locally available in order to scale to arbitrary systems. Gossiping techniques however allow the retrieval of fairly good estimates of global information with low overhead. Such information can then be added to existing load balancing algorithms that can use the additional knowledge to improve their performance. Within this thesis several schemes are developed that use global information like the average load and the standard deviation of the load among the nodes to primarily reduce the number of items an algorithm moves to achieve a certain balance. Two novel load balancing algorithms have then been equipped with implementations of those schemes and have been simulated on several scenarios. Most of these variants show better balance results and move far less items than the algorithms they are based on. The best of the developed algorithms achieves a 15-30% better balance and moves only about 50-70% of the number of items its underlying algorithm moves. This variation is also very robust to erroneous estimates and scales linearly with the system size and system load. Further experiments with self-tuning algorithms that set an algorithm’s parameter according to the system’s state show that even more improvements can be gained if additionally applied. Such a variant based on the algorithm described by Karger and Ruhl shows the same balance improvements of 15-30% as the variant above but reduces the number of item movements further to 40-65%.
    Keywords: ddc:004
    Language: English
    Type: masterthesis , doc-type:masterThesis
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 5
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    Ein eingebettetes Hauptspeicher-Datenbanksystem mit Snapshot-Reads (2009)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-12-15
    Description: Entwurf und Entwicklung eines eingebetteten Hauptspeicher-Datenbanksystems mit Snapshot-Reads.
    Description: Design and implementation of an embedded main memory database with snapshot reads.
    Keywords: ddc:004
    Language: German
    Type: masterthesis , doc-type:masterThesis
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 6
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    Ein Userspace-Dateisystem zur Verwaltung von Grid-Daten (2009)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-06-30
    Description: Das Ziel dieser Arbeit ist die Schaffung einer Zugriffs-Komponente für das Grid-Datenmanagement-System ZIB-DMS, das dessen transparente Einbindung in den Verzeichnisbaum eines Linux-Systems erlaubt. Dazu wird unter Verwendung des FUSE-Rahmenwerkes ein Userspace-Dateisystem mit Anbindung an das ZIB-DMS konzipiert und implementiert. Im Fokus stehen dabei die Abbildung der erweiterten Verwaltungsmechanismen des Systems auf die limitierte Schnittstelle hierarchischer Dateisysteme und die dazu notwendigen Änderungen am ZIB-DMS.
    Description: The goal of this work is to create an access component for the Grid data management system ZIB-DMS, that allows a transparent integration into the directory tree of a Linux system. For this purpose the FUSE framework is used to design and implement a userspace file system with connections to the ZIB-DMS. The focus is on the mapping of the extended management mechanisms of the system to the limited interface of hierarchical file systems and the therefore necessary changes to ZIB-DMS.
    Keywords: ddc:004
    Language: German
    Type: masterthesis , doc-type:masterThesis
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 7
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    Transactional DHT Algorithms (2009)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-01-22
    Description: We present a framework for transactional data access on data stored in a DHT. It allows to atomically read and write items and to run distributed transactions consisting of a sequence of read and write operations on the items. Items are symmetrically replicated in order to achieve durability of data stored in the SON. To provide availability of items despite the unavailability of some replicas, operations on items are quorum-based. They make progress as long as a majority of replicas can be accessed. Our framework processes transactions optimistically with an atomic commit protocol that is based on Paxos atomic commit. We present algorithms for the whole framework with an event based notation. Additionally we discuss the problem of lookup inconsistencies and its implications on the one-copy serializability property of the transaction processing in our framework.
    Keywords: ddc:004
    Language: English
    Type: reportzib , doc-type:preprint
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 8
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    Planning Teams with Semantic Web Technologies (2009)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-12-11
    Description: When planning teams for projects with specific goals, employees of a company have to group together so well, that all necessary knowledge for conquering the project’s challenges are met within the member’s skills. A tool that facilitates semantic web technologies can support the team recruiter, who is responsible for chosing the members of the team, in terms of finding the most efficient combinations of the company’s employees based on their expertises.
    Keywords: ddc:004
    Language: English
    Type: reportzib , doc-type:preprint
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 9
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    Enhanced Paxos Commit for Transactions on DHTs (2009)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-01-22
    Description: Key/value stores which are built on structured overlay networks often lack support for atomic transactions and strong data consistency among replicas. This is unfortunate, because consistency guarantees and transactions would allow a wide range of additional application domains to benefit from the inherent scalability and fault-tolerance of DHTs. The Scalaris key/value store supports strong data consistency and atomic transactions. It uses an enhanced Paxos Commit protocol with only four communication steps rather than six. This improvement was possible by exploiting information from the replica distribution in the DHT. Scalaris enables implementation of more reliable and scalable infrastructure for collaborative Web services that require strong consistency and atomic changes across multiple items.
    Keywords: ddc:004
    Language: English
    Type: reportzib , doc-type:preprint
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 10
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    Generierung hybrider Gitter für die Strömungssimulation auf komplexen anatomischen Geometrien (2009)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-07-19
    Description: Basierend auf einem vorhandenen Ansatz zur Einführung von anisotropen Tetraedern im Randbereich eines reinen Tetraedergitters wird ein Gittergenerator für hybride Gitter implementiert. Das hybride Gitter besteht in Randnähe primär aus anisotropen Prismen und im Inneren der Geometrie aus isotropen Tetraedern. Eine erhöhte Auflösung im Randbereich soll zu besseren Ergebnissen von numerischen Strömungssimulationen führen, für welche eine problemangepasste Diskretisierung des zu untersuchenden Gebietes benötigt wird. In dem zuvor genannten Ansatz wird eine Reihe von Übergangselementen vorgeschlagen, die an scharfen Kanten der Oberfläche platziert werden sollen. Im Rahmen dieser Diplomarbeit wird die Idee der Übergangselemente aufgegriffen und bei hybriden Gittern eingesetzt, um auch komplexe Eingabegeometrien vergittern zu können. Der ursprüngliche Gittergenerierungprozess wird überarbeitet und erweitert. Eine neue Menge an Übergangselementen wird eingeführt, es werden gekrümmte Extrusionsvektoren verwendet und es wird die Auswertung der medialen Oberfläche vorgenommen, um Überschneidungen im hybriden Gitter zu vermeiden. Der Gittergenerator wird als Modul in das Visualisierungs- und Analyseprogramm Amira implementiert und die erstellten hybriden Gitter werden auf ihre Elementqualität und die Güte der Strömungssimulationsergebnisse hin überprüft.
    Description: Based on an existing approach for the introduction of anisotropic tetrahedra near the surface boundary of a tetrahedral grid a grid generator for hybrid grids is implemented. The hybrid grid consists near the surface boundary primarily of anisotropic prisms and inside the geometry of isotropic tetrahedra. An increased resolution near the boundary should lead to better results of numerical flow simulations, which needs a problem specific discretization of the analyzed domain. In the aforementioned approach a set of transition elements is suggested, which should be placed at sharp surface corners. As a part of this diploma thesis the concept of using transition elements is applied for creating hybrid grids even for very complex input geometries. The initial grid generation process is revised and enhanced. A new set of transition elements is introduced, curved extrusion vectors are used and the medial surface is evaluated to avoid intersections in the hybrid grid. The grid generator is implemented as a module for the visualization and analysis tool Amira and the element quality of the generated hybrid grids and the quality of flow simulations performed on the grids are tested.
    Keywords: ddc:004
    Language: German
    Type: masterthesis , doc-type:masterThesis
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 11
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    Performance of Quantum Chromodynamics (QCD) Simulations on the SGI Altix (2008)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-06-30
    Description: We study performance and scaling of the Berlin Quantum Chromodynamics Program (BQCD) on the SGI Altix 4700 at Leibniz Supercomputing Centre (LRZ). We employ different communication methods (MPI, MPI with two OpenMP threads per process, as well as the shmem library) and run the MPI version on the two types of nodes of that machine. For comparison with other machines we made performance measurements on an IBM p690 cluster and a Cray XT4.
    Keywords: ddc:004
    Language: English
    Type: reportzib , doc-type:preprint
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 12
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    Adaptives Remeshing von nicht-mannigfaltigen Dreiecksnetzen (2008)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-07-19
    Description: In dieser Arbeit wird eine Serie von Remeshing-Verfahren um die Berücksichtigung von nicht-mannigfaltigen Dreiecksvernetzungen und Merkmalskantenzügen erweitert. Die betrachteten Verfahren arbeiten im Wesentlichen lokal. Daher können die im Rahmen dieser Arbeit entwickelten Erweiterungen, die nicht-mannigfaltige Kantenzüge und Merkmalskantenzüge betreffen, separat beschrieben werden. Dabei wird ein Ansatz verfolgt, beide Arten von besonderen Kantenzügen aufgrund ihrer Gemeinsamkeiten einheitlich zu behandeln. Dieser besteht zum einen darin, eine Korrespondenz zwischen Kantenzügen auf der Eingabe- und der Ausgabefläche zu erhalten, indem die Remeshing-Operationen auf den Kantenzügen in entsprechend eingeschränkter Weise verwendet werden. Zum anderen wird beschrieben, wie die Abtastdichte der Kantenzüge dynamisch an die Abtastdichte der Umgebung angepasst werden kann, um für weitgehende Isotropie in der Nähe von Merkmalskantenzügen zu sorgen.
    Description: A unified approach for consistent remeshing of arbitrary non-manifold triangle meshes with additional user-defined feature lines is presented. The method is based on local operations only and produces meshes of high regularity and triangle quality while preserving the geometry as well as topology of the feature lines as well as the input mesh.
    Keywords: ddc:004
    Language: German
    Type: masterthesis , doc-type:masterThesis
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 13
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    Dual Streamline Seeding - Method and Implementation (2008)
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    Publication Date: 2022-07-19
    Description: This work introduces a novel streamline seeding technique based on dual streamlines that are orthogonal to the vector field, instead of tangential. The greedy algorithm presented here produces a net of orthogonal streamlines that is iteratively refined resulting in good domain coverage and a high degree of continuity and uniformity. The algorithm is easy to implement and efficient, and it naturally extends to curved surfaces.
    Description: In dieser Arbeit wird eine neue Strategie zur Platzierung von Stromlinien vorgestellt. Hierzu werden zusätzliche duale Stromlinien verwendet, die --im Gegensatz zur üblichen Definition-- orthogonal zum Vektorfeld verlaufen. Der vorgestellte Greedy-Algorithmus berechnet ein Netz aus orthogonalen Stromlinien, welches iterativ verfeinert wird, was zu einer guten Abdeckung der Domäne und einer gleichmäßigen Verteilung der Stromlinien führt. Es handelt sich um einen einfach zu implementierenden und effizienten Algorithmus, der direkt auf gekrümmten Oberflächen anwendbar ist.
    Keywords: ddc:004
    Language: English
    Type: reportzib , doc-type:preprint
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 14
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The development of the skull of Ptyodactylus hasselquistii. I. The development of the chondrocranium (1961)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 108 (1961), S. 63-93 
    Details
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Additional Material: 27 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmor.1051080104
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 15
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Tetrapod parallelisms and other features in the functional morphology of the blood vascular system of Fluta alba Zuiew (pisces: Teleostei) (1961)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 108 (1961), S. 131-143 
    Details
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmor.1051080202
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  • 16
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Masthead (1961)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 108 (1961) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmor.1051080301
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 17
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A study of the relationship between the pronephros and the haploid syndrome in frog larvaeSubmitted to the faculty of the University of Illinois in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy. (1961)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 108 (1961), S. 203-217 
    Details
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmor.1051080206
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 18
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Masthead (1961)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 109 (1961) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmor.1051090101
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 19
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    An experimental study of ova reception and some related phenomena in the rabbitThis investigation was supported by a grant from the National Science Foundation (G-9938) and from the Population Council, N. Y. (grant 3031).Scientific Paper no. 1963, Washington Agricultural Experiment Stations, Pullman. Project no. 1473. (1961)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 108 (1961), S. 327-353 
    Details
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
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    Inhibitory control of neural differentiation in explants of Rana pipiens gastrula ectodermRevision of a thesis submitted to the Department of Zoology of the University of Illinois in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy.This work was supported during 1959-60 by a National Science Foundation Grant (NSF-G8770) administered by Dr. S. M. Rose. (1961)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 108 (1961), S. 311-326 
    Details
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmor.1051080304
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    Polarized inhibitory control of differentiation in the early chick embryo, studied in VitroThesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy, Department of Zoology, University of Illinois.This investigation was carried out during the tenure of a Predoctoral Fellowship from the National Institute of Neurological Diseases and Blindness, United States Public Health Service. Also supported in part by a National Science Foundation grant 8770 administered by Dr. S. Meryl Rose. (1961)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 108 (1961), S. 355-376 
    Details
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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  • 22
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    The adult morphology of the olfactory organs of the egyptian toad, Bufo regularis reuss (1961)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 109 (1961), S. 1-17 
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    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Additional Material: 16 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmor.1051090102
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  • 23
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    The osteology of the red eye bass, micropterus coosae (Hubbs and Bailey) (1961)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 109 (1961), S. 19-36 
    Details
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Additional Material: 14 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmor.1051090103
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    Microphthalmia and optic blood supply in the rat (1961)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 109 (1961), S. 37-55 
    Details
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmor.1051090104
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    The surface pattern of the nasal mucosa and its relation to mucous flow-a study of chicken and herring gull nasal mucosaeThese studies are supported by NSF-G9874. (1961)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 109 (1961), S. 57-71 
    Details
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmor.1051090105
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    Masthead (1961)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 109 (1961) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmor.1051090201
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  • 27
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    Congenital teratomata in the guppy, Lebistes reticulatusAided by a grant from the American Cancer Society, Illinois Division. (1961)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 109 (1961), S. 93-113 
    Details
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmor.1051090107
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  • 28
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    Tooth histology as a taxonomic criterion for cartilaginous fishes (1961)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 109 (1961), S. 73-92 
    Details
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmor.1051090106
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  • 29
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    The accessory respiratory organs of Clarias batrachus (Linn.)This paper formed part of a thesis approved for the Ph.D. degree by the Banaras Hindu University in 1959. (1961)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 109 (1961), S. 115-139 
    Details
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Additional Material: 1 Tab.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmor.1051090202
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    Development of cleft palate in mice homozygous for the shorthead mutation (1961)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 109 (1961), S. 151-157 
    Details
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmor.1051090204
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    A mutation in mice producing dwarfism, brachycephaly, cleft palate and micromelia (1961)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 109 (1961), S. 141-149 
    Details
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Additional Material: 12 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmor.1051090203
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    Fine structure of “intracellular ductules” in certain glands of the carabid beetleThis investigation was aided by grants RG-4706 and 5479 from the National Institutes of Health, United States Public Health Service, and grant G-9879 from the National Science Foundation. (1961)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 109 (1961), S. 159-171 
    Details
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmor.1051090205
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    Musculature and innervation of the pelvis and hind limb of the mountain beaver (1961)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 109 (1961), S. 173-197 
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    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmor.1051090206
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    The embryology of Habrobracon juglandis (Ashmead) (1961)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 109 (1961), S. 199-217 
    Details
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Additional Material: 1 Tab.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmor.1051090207
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    Masthead (1961)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 109 (1961) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmor.1051090301
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    Cytological changes in the teleost pituitary gland associated with the reproductive cycleThis work was supported in part by the Vassie James Hill Fellowship awarded by the American Association of University Women. (1961)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 109 (1961), S. 219-235 
    Details
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmor.1051090208
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    Studies on the cephalic musculature of adult Ictinus angulosus selys (Odonata, Anisoptera, Gomphidae, Ictinae) (1961)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 109 (1961), S. 237-249 
    Details
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmor.1051090302
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    Anatomy and development of racial hybrids of Rana pipiensSubmitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy, in the Faculty of Pure Science, Columbia University. (1961)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 109 (1961), S. 251-268 
    Details
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
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    Studies on the development, succession and replacement of teeth in the frog Hyla cinerea (1961)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 109 (1961), S. 279-287 
    Details
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmor.1051090305
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    Development of cells in differentiating urodele pituitaries showing RNA and alkaline phosphatase characteristics associated with the beginning of secretionRevision of part of a dissertation presented by Rondell H. Rhodes for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy. (1961)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 109 (1961), S. 269-278 
    Details
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmor.1051090304
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    Annual growth zones in living and fossil vertebrates (1961)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 108 (1961), S. 11-62 
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    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Additional Material: 69 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmor.1051080103
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    Histology, histochemistry and tracheation of the ovariole sheaths in the American cockroach Periplaneta americana (L.) (1961)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 108 (1961), S. 107-129 
    Details
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmor.1051080106
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    Masthead (1961)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 108 (1961) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmor.1051080101
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    Masthead (1961)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 108 (1961) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmor.1051080201
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    Testicular histology and seasonal changes in the lizard, Sceloporus occidentalis (1961)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 108 (1961), S. 95-106 
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    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Additional Material: 1 Tab.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmor.1051080105
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    The development of the skull of Ptyodactylus hasselquistii. III. The osteocranium of a late embryo (1961)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 108 (1961), S. 193-201 
    Details
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmor.1051080205
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    A morphological study of the head capsule of Gerris remigis Say (1961)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 108 (1961), S. 287-309 
    Details
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmor.1051080303
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    The circulatory mechanism and anatomy of the heart of the frog, Rana pipiens (1961)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 109 (1961), S. 323-349 
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    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmor.1051090307
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    Cytological studies on the subesophageal body cells and pericardial cells in embryos of the grasshopper, Melanoplus differentialis differentialis (Thomas)This investigation was supported, in part, by a research grant from the division of general medical sciences, Public Health Service (RG-6942) and by the United Medical Research Foundation of North Carolina. (1961)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 109 (1961), S. 289-321 
    Details
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmor.1051090306
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    Fine structure of the sense organs on the antennal flagellum of the honey bee, Apis mellifera linnaeusSupported in part by a grant (RG-5479) from the National Institutes of Health, United States Public Health Service. (1961)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 109 (1961), S. 351-381 
    Details
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmor.1051090308
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    Incremental modification of styrene-butadiene rubber with tert-dodecyl mercaptan (1961)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 5 (1961), S. 116-123 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The molecular weights and molecular weight distribution of a styrene-butadiene rubber produced at 5°C. according to an incrementally modified recipe with tert-dodecyl mercaptan modifier, do not differ significantly from those of similar conventionally modified rubbers. The limiting effect of diffusion upon the mass transfer of mercaptan in the system provides a consistent explanation of this finding.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1961.070051318
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    Glass transitions in polymers (1961)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 5 (1961), S. S1 
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    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1961.070051319
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    Polymer news (1961)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 5 (1961), S. S4 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1961.070051321
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    Use of the HLB system in selecting emulsifiers for emulsion polymerization (1961)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 5 (1961), S. 135-148 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: In the present work a wide variety of nonionic emulsifiers and anionic/nonionic blends of emulsifiers were evaluated in the emulsion polymerization of vinyl acetate and styrene. It was found that the emulsion stability and other polymer emulsion properties are often dependent upon a certain property of the emulsifier known as the HLB value. It has been shown elsewhere that the HLB value can be correlated with a fundamental physical property of the system oil-water-emulsifier, namely, the spreading coefficient of the internal phase liquid on the surface of a 1% solution of the emulsifier in the external phase. In the emulsion polymerization of styrene, good emulsion stability coupled with adequate conversion rate was obtained in an emulsifier HLB range of 13 to 16. For certain emulsifier blends it was found that emulsion viscosity and emulsion particle size were strongly dependent on the HLB of the emulsifier. Similar comments apply to vinyl acetate polymerization, except that the most stable emulsions were obtained with emulsifiers in an HLB range from 14.5 to 17.5. These observations on preferred HLB range apply only to nonionic emulsifiers and anionic/nonionic emulsifier blends, which were the emulsifier types screened in the present investigation. For both styrene and vinyl acetate the most generally satisfactory emulsion properties were obtained in the present work by the use of an anionic/nonionic emulsifier blend (G-3300/G-3920).
    Additional Material: 13 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1961.070051402
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    Influence of the initiator on the grafting of polyvinyl polymers (1961)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 5 (1961), S. 149-152 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The dependence of grafting on the type of initiator has been examined in the case of three polymer-monomer systems: polystyrene-methyl methacrylate, polymethyl methacrylate-vinyl acetate, and polyethyl α-chloroacrylate-vinyl acetate. The different initiators used in these experiments were benzoyl peroxide (Bz2O2), azobisisobutyronitrile (AIBN), di-tert-butyl peroxide (DTBP), and tert-butyl hydroperoxide (TBHP). In each case the graft copolymers were separated from the homopolymers by fractional precipitation or by extraction. In the case of the system polystyrene-methyl methacrylate, an appreciable degree of grafting as well as formation of graft copolymer occur in the presence of Bz2O2; in contrast, the grafting is low with DTBP and doubtful with AIBN. For the other two systems no noticeable differences occurred as function of the initiator. In the case of polyethyl α-chloroacrylate the amount of graft copolymer is exceptionally high owing to the sensitivity of this polymer to a radical attack; this sensitivity results in the partial insolubility of the graft copolymers in the presence of TBHP and DTBP, but not in the presence of AIBN.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
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    A new synthetic elastomer based on a chlorophosphonated polyolefin (1961)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 5 (1961), S. 157-162 
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    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: A new synthetic elastomer has been obtained based on an ethylene-propylene copolymer prepared using an organometallic catalyst system. Reactive sites (phosphonyl dichloride groups) are placed on the copolymer chain by treating the polymer with phosphorus trichloride and oxygen. After hydrolysis or alcoholysis of the phosphonyl dichloride groups to phosphonic acid or phosphonic acid esters, vulcanization may be carried out by reaction with metallic oxides, particularly lead oxide. Vulcanizates of the polyolefin elastomer have outstanding resistance to heat, ozone, and oxygen, and have excellent electrical properties. This combination suggests the use of this material in high temperature electrical applications.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
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  • 57
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    Changes in fine structure and mechanical properties induced by cyanoethylation of cotton yarns. II. Reacted without longitudinal shrinkagePaper presented before the 138th Meeting of the American Chemical Society, New York, September 11-16, 1960. (1961)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 5 (1961), S. 163-170 
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    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The cellulose of cotton yarns was reacted with acrylonitrile under conditions preventing their longitudinal contraction. Changes taking place in the fine structure of the fiber were studied by means of optical microscopy, density measurements, x-ray diffraction, and thermal stress behavior measurements. The results indicate that in spite of the strong tensions developed in the yarns, the reaction proceeds in both the accessible and the crystalline regions with considerable volume expansion and eventual disappearance of crystalline structure. Suggestions of a glass transition temperature appear at substitutions slightly above D.S. = 1. Annealing becomes possible at substitutions above D.S. = 2 with the development of the cyanoethyl cellulose crystal structure and over 40% increase in tensile strength. Changes in tenacity, ultimate elongation, energy of rupture, and immediate elastic recovery were also observed.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
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  • 58
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    Poly(4-methyl-1-pentene) and some soluble crystalline copolymers (1961)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 5 (1961), S. 184-190 
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    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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    Notes: Poly(4-methyl-1-pentene) has been prepared by polymerizing the monomer over a catalyst made from titanium tetrachloride and lithium aluminum tetradecyl. The molecular weight of the crystalline polymer was invariably too high for fiber preparation, even when polymerization variables were varied drastically, so a technique for thermal cracking was developed. By heating grease-free, crystalline poly(4-methyl-1-pentene) in a vacuum at about 280°, it was possible to lower smoothly the molecular weight of the polymer to any desired value, without undesirable crosslinking or by-product formation. The polymer was melt-spun by conventional techniques to highly oriented, tough fibers. Copolymerization of 10-25% 1-hexene and other linear 1-olefins with 4-methyl-1-pentene gives products which are still high-melting, but which are readily soluble in such solvents as cyclohexane or chloroform, in contrast to the homopolymer which is only slightly soluble. Polymerization in solvents for the copolymer gave solutions which were converted to fibers and film without intermediate isolation of polymer or removal of the catalyst. An interesting terpolymer in which divinylbenzene was the third component was found to be initially soluble, but was readily crosslinked at elevated temperature.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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  • 59
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    Structural characterization of vulcanizates. Part II. Use of triphenylphosphine to determine the structures of sulfur linkages in unaccelerated natural rubber-sulfur vulcanizate networks (1961)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 5 (1961), S. 299-302 
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    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Treatment of unaccelerated natural rubber-sulfur vulcanizate networks with triphenylphosphine in benzene at 80°C. effects the removal of part of the combined sulfur, the proportion removed decreasing with increasing cure time. This partial desulfurization of the network is attributed, on the basis of the mode of interaction of simple organic di- and polysulfides with triphenylphosphine, to the conversion of polysulfide linkages in the network into either mono- or disulfide groups. Knowledge of the amount of sulfur removed by the reagent, and of the chemical degree of crosslinking and combined sulfur content of the untreated networks permits the following semiquantitative conclusions to be reached concerning the structures of the sulfur linkages in the networks: (1) long polysulfidic crosslinks (—S11— to —S12—) are initially formed, which on continued cure progressively decrease in length to a limiting value of —S2— to —S4—; and (2) a very high proportion to the combined sulfur (ca. 77% for short cure times, increasing to ca. 95% on extended cure) is present in cyclic monosulfide groups situated along the polyisoprene chains.
    Additional Material: 2 Tab.
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  • 60
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    The relationship between glass temperature, molar cohesion, and polymer structurePresented before the Division of Polymer Chemistry at the 138th meeting of the American Chemical Society, New York, September 1960. (1961)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 5 (1961), S. 318-321 
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    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: An empirical equation relating glass temperature, molar cohesion, and polymer structure has been developed from data found in the literature. A fairly extensive list of group cohesion values has been obtained from this relationship and glass temperatures which are in good agreement with reported values have been calculated. The equation is $$ H_c = 0.5nRT_g - 25n $$ where Hc is the molar cohesion and n is an empirical number obtained from the polymer structure.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1961.070051511
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  • 61
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    Isobutylene copolymers of vinylbenzyl chloride and isopropenylbenzyl chloride (1961)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 5 (1961), S. 452-459 
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    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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    Notes: The styrene derivatives vinylbenzyl chloride and isopropenylbenzyl chloride were prepared and copolymerized with isobutylene and propylene in order to produce polymers with reactive halogens. Vinylbenzyl chloride and isobutylene have relative reactivities such that the copolymer is much richer in isobutylene than the starting mixture, while with isopropenylbenzyl chloride and isobutylene the difference in reactivities is less and is in the opposite direction. Copolymers containing small amounts of the reactive benzylic chlorine were vulcanized, either with amines or with a conventional butyl rubber cure. Permselective membranes were prepared from copolymers rich in benzylic chlorine.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
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    The mechanism of post cure of viton ARegistered trademark of E. I. du Pont de Nemours & Co., Inc. Fluorocarbon elastomerBased on a lecture delivered at the 2nd International Synthetic Rubber Symposium, London, October 1960, by arrangement with Rubber and Plastics World. (1961)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 5 (1961), S. 460-467 
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    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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    Notes: The necessity for oven post-curing Viton A vulcanizates is explained in the following way: The formation of crosslinks is accompanied by the elimination of HF from the polymer. In the subsequent reaction of HF with the magnesium oxide present as acid acceptor water is formed which acts to inhibit the full development of cure unless it is removed from the vicinity of the polymer by post-curing in an open system. Measurement of the rate of elimination of water from the polymer serves as a method of following the development of crosslinking during cure. Approximately two moles of water, derived from four moles of hydrogen fluoride, are associated with the use of one mole of diamine curing agent. This ratio is confirmed by independent estimates of the relationship of crosslinking density to curing agent level based on measurements of swollen compression moduli.
    Additional Material: 11 Ill.
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  • 63
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    Room temperature sulfur and nonsulfur vulcanization of natural rubber: With sulfur and piperidinium n-pentamethylenedithiocarbamate and with quinone dioxime (GMF) and yellow mercuric oxide (1961)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 5 (1961), S. 349-353 
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    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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    Notes: Calendered sheets of pale crepe rubber containing an ultra-accelerator, piperidinium N-pentamethylenedithiocarbamate, and zinc oxide were embedded in powdered sulfur and kept at room temperature. Tensile strengths up to 294.2 kg./cm.2 (4185 psi) and elongations up to 530% were attained; the combined sulfur in 115 weeks was 3.60%. Calendered pale crepe rubber containing 10 parts of yellow mercuric oxide to 100 parts of rubber allowed to stand covered with quinone dioxime (GMF) powder at room temperature slowly vulcanizes, reaching a tensile strength of 53.1 kg./cm.2 (754 psi) in 405 days, and retaining this condition for at least twice this same period of time. The elongation reached 740%, and the set was 0.16. The tensile strength obtained is almost as high as that obtained in a press cure with quinone dioxime alone. The untreated sample containing yellow mercuric oxide alone showed a tensile strength of only 5.3 kg./cm.2 (75 psi). Calendered pale crepe with no mercuric oxide set in quinone dioxime and calendered pale crepe containing 2 parts of quinone dioxime, when allowed to stand at room temperature, showed no signs of vulcanization.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1961.070051515
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    Uniformity of substitution during the emulsion xanthation of celluloseA portion of a thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements of The Institute of Paper Chemistry for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy from Lawrence College, Appleton, Wis., June, 1960. This work was carried out under the direction of Kyle Ward, Jr. (1961)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 5 (1961), S. 364-369 
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    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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    Notes: Viscose-grade cotton linters (DPw = 1135) were converted to viscose by the emulsion xanthation technique. Two variables - namely, substitution level and xanthation time - were considered insofar as their influence on the uniformity of substitution with regard to chain length was concerned. The stable diethylacetamide derivatives were prepared by reaction with diethylchloroacetamide and fractionally precipitated from aqueous 2-chloroethanol. The DPw and degree of substitution (DS) of the individual fractions were determined. The results in each case indicated that the longer chains were more highly substituted than the shorter chains. For a constant xanthation time (6 hr.), uniformity in substitution improved with increasing substitution level. For a constant CS2:cellulose ratio (1.48), uniformity increased with xanthation time. A mechanism is suggested which accounts for these phenomena.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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    A comparison of the thermal gradient and elution methods of polymer fractionation (1961)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 5 (1961), S. 354-363 
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    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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    Notes: The elution method is essentially a single-stage process, whereas the thermal gradient method is a multistage process which depends upon a thermal gradient to bring about reprecipitation of polymer in the fractions. As a test of the effectiveness of the thermal gradient, comparisons have been made of fractionation by these two column methods on high molecular weight polystyrene samples. It was found that the thermal gradient method definitely provides superior resolution and reproducibility, as expected. However, the degree of fractionation obtained by the elution method was surprising, accounting for at least 80% of the sample under the usual conditions and giving complete fractionation with certain modifications of conditions. These results indicate the difference in performance of the two methods is less than expected from an elementary consideration of the operation of the columns, and fractionation by the elution method, as conducted here, exceeds that expected for a single-stage extraction process. Although the reasons for the observed behavior are not clear, the following conclusions have been reached about certain factors which influence fractionation. Alternative methods of controlling the concentration of polymer in the fractions give almost equivalent results but enhanced resolution of the high molecular weight portion of the sample is obtained with extended solvent gradients. The inhibitor, tert-butyl catechol, which it was necessary to add to the solvents to limit degradation of the very high molecular weight sample, plays a specific role in the fractionation due to a reaction with the polystyrene which alters the fractionation behavior without affecting the molecular weight. Also, trace amounts of chemical heterogeneity in the polymers, presumably hydroxyl groups, have a marked adverse effect on fractionation by the elution method and probably account for molecular weight reversals observed in some fractionations by the thermal gradient method. It is suggested that adsorption on the surface of the beads is responsiblp for the adverse effect of chemical heterogeneity on the fractionation and that possibly an adsorption which increases with molecular weight contributes to fractionation by the elution and thermal gradient methods.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
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    Effects of by-products, trace components, and similar compounds in viscose on ripening (1961)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 5 (1961), S. 375-383 
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    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The effects on viscose ripening of a variety of materials are reported. (1) Normal constituents (Na2CO3, Na2CS3, NaCl) appeared not to affect ripening; however, Na2S retarded ripening. By-product removal appeared to retard ripening. (2) Oxidizing agents (H2O2, Na2Sx) accelerated ripening; reducing agent (Na2SO3) retarded ripening; this is suggestive of possible addition product formation. (3) Na2SO4, (CH3)2SO, KClO3, Na2BH4 showed no effect on ripening. (4) Salts which precipitated as hydroxides or carbonates did not appear to affect ripening. (5) Salts which formed insoluble sulfides resulted in an initial increase in ripening rates. In later stages, ripening proceeded normally, probably after the salts were removed from solution as insoluble sulfides. (6) FeCl3, BiCl3 and Na3AsO3 appeared to retard ripening. (7) A comparison of the effect on ripening of the trivalent state of elements in group V of the periodic table showed that the rate of ripening decreased with the oxidation potential of the element. (8) The addition of sodium zincate retarded ripening and suggested possible cross-linking of xanthate and by-product sulfur, or of two xanthate groups. (9) Addition of tin and chromium salts at the 0.5% level resulted in gelation of the viscose within 30 min. after the addition.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
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    Radiation crosslinking of vinyl chloride-vinyl stearate copolymer (1961)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 5 (1961), S. 388-396 
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    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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    Notes: The crosslinking of internally plasticized polyvinyl chloride-stearate copolymer by irradiation with high-energy electrons was studied. Based on gel yields and swelling as a measure of relative crosslinking, the effect of added tetra-functional monomers, and of carbon black and silica fillers are discussed. Crosslinking by dicumyl peroxide a t 170°C. even in the presence of a stabilizer, causes concurrent decomposition (dehydrochlorination) which is avoided in the radiation-crosslinking process. The heat stability of the copolymer is not impaired by radiation crosslinking under the proper conditions. Results of tensile measurements a t 25 and 150°C. are given for the radiation-crosslinked copolymer with and without filler reinforcement.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
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  • 68
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    Studies on the γ-irradiation of natural rubber latex. The effects of organic halogen compounds on crosslinking by γ-irradiation (1961)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 5 (1961), S. 401-407 
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    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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    Notes: As the accelerating effect of water in the crosslinking reaction of rubber in natural latex by γ-irradiation was assumed to stem from the decomposition of water into radicals by γ-irradiation, more effective reagents were sought among the organic halides which have greater G values for radical formation by γ-irradiation and, simultaneously, an affinity for rubber greater than that of water. 1,2-Dichloroethane, chloroform, carbon tetrachloride, and benzene (for comparison) were tested, and these compounds, except for benzene, were found to accelerate the reaction in proportion to their G values for radical formation. Benzene was found to have no effect, in concentrations between 1 and 5 phr. The optimum dosage was decreased to 2.1 × 106, 1.0 × 106, and 7.6 × 105 r by the addition of 1, 3, and 5 phr of carbon tetrachloride, respectively, and was assumed to have decreased to 1.17 × 107, 9.0 × 106, and 7.6 × 106 r with 1, 3, and 5 phr of 1,2-dichloroethane, and to 8.6 × 106, 6.2 × 106, and 5.2 × 106 r with 1, 3, and 5 phr of chloroform, respectively. The physical properties of the films obtained at the optimum dosages under these accelerating conditions were equal to those of the latex irradiated up to the optimum dosage with no addition of halide. No side reactions occurred during the halide-accelerated crosslinking that were sufficiently extensive to influence the infrared spectra.
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    The estimation of catalytic parameters of metal acetylacetonates in isocyanate polymerization reactionsContribution No. 202. (1961)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 5 (1961), S. 424-427 
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    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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    Notes: The polyaddition process involving a hydroxy-terminated linear polyester and an organic diisocyanate in the presence of a series of metal acetylacetonates has been investigated. The method involved kinetic analysis of plasticity build-up in a Brabender Plastograph. Catalytic orders and relative catalytic constants (kc/k0) were determined for Mn(Aa)3, VO(Aa)2, V(Aa)3, Fe(Aa)3, Cu(Aa)2, Co(Aa)3, and Cr(Aa)3; the constants decrease in that order. Catalytic orders are unity for all complexes save manganese, which is 1.75. No correlation between dissociation potential and catalytic coefficient has been found, and it is believed that catalysis may be associated with the paramagnetic properties of the metal.
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    The strain dependence of rubber viscoelasticity. Part III. Natural and butyl rubber at high extensions (1961)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 5 (1961), S. 428-435 
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    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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    Notes: Dynamic Young's moduli are derived from observations of wave propagation in stretched filaments of natural and butyl rubbers. Extensions up to about 700% are studied within a temperature range of -45 to +50°C. and a frequency range of 0.2 to 20 kycles/sec. At constant temperature and frequency both the real (E') and imaginary (E″) components increase with increasing extension. The loss factor (E″/E') decreases with increasing extension, but the decrease is more pronounced for the butyl rubber so that the large difference in damping between the two polymers in the unstrained state is greatly reduced at high extensions. Approximate relaxation spectra are derived for the strained materials on the basis of several assumptions regarding the applicability of the WLF equation. It is found that the spectra are displaced in the direction of longer times by increasing extension; this is equivalent to an increase in the monomeric friction coefficient with extension. The effect is more pronounced for the natural rubber than for the butyl, and consequently the ratio of the friction coefficients (butyl:natural) falls from several hundred unstrained state to approximately 3 at 550% extension.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
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    Viscoelastic factors in the strength of elastomers under complex stress by a puncture methodPresented at the Tenth Canadian High Polymer Forum, Ste. Marguerite, Quebec, September 7-9, 1960.Contribution No. 262 from the research laboratory of the Goodyear Tire & Rubber Company. (1961)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 5 (1961), S. 442-451 
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    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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    Notes: Investigations of the viscoelastic aspects of the mechanical behavior of polymers have been limited almost exclusively to relatively simple conditions of homogeneous stress, that is, to tension or shear loadings. In the present work a study has been made from the viscoelastic standpoint of the response of several elastomers to a much more complex type of stress distribution arising from penetration up to failure by a cylindrical indentor for a range of temperatures and rates of penetration. The failure or “puncture point” was determined by a dip in the recorded curve of load versus depth of penetration. The puncture strength values were reduced to 25°C. by applying the ratio of absolute temperatures and plotted against the logarithm of the reciprocal of the rate of penetration. These curves were then shifted on the time scale to give a master curve after the manner of Tobolsky and of Ferry. The logarithms of the shift factors thus obtained were related to the reciprocal of the absolute temperature over the range studied. The results indicate a broader generality for the viscoelastic principle of time-temperature equivalence than has usually been supposed.
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    Status of investigations for improving weatherability of linear polyethylene and copolymers (1961)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 5 (1961), S. 612-619 
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    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: In an attempt to extend the outdoor serviceability of items molded from linear polyethylene and copolymers, three ultraviolet absorbers, namely, Cyasorb UV-9 (2-hydroxy-4-methoxybenzophenone), Cyasorb UV-314 (2,2′-dihydroxy-4-n-octoxybenzophenone), and TBS (4-tert-butyl phenyl salicylate), sixteen different pigments, and combinations of both ultraviolet absorber and pigment were investigated. Injection-molded test specimens were employed in this study. The laboratory source of radiation to which these samples were exposed was an Atlas XW Weatherometer. Similar samples also were exposed at various outdoor locations including Phoenix, Arizona, Summit, New Jersey, and Newark, New Jersey, to utilize practical conditions of outdoor weathering. During these weathering studies surface cracking was observed as occurring at approximately the same time as a significant decrease in tensile strength, elongation, and melt index. Such observations became a method of rapidly screening a large number of formulations for resistance to ultraviolet radiation. For optimal outdoor serviceability with respect to retention of elongation, tensile strength, and melt index properties of molded items, the following steps are necessary. A high-density resin having as low a melt index as possible is selected. The molded item is designed to minimize the formation of molded-in stresses and strains. Proper selection of UV absorbers, pigments, and combinations of both are made. Pigments such as green, orange, peacock blue, monastral purple, red, and black, in high concentrations, will prolong the outdoor weatherability of a given product.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1961.070051717
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    Viscoelastic properties of regenerated cellulose sheet (1961)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 5 (1961), S. 647-654 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The viscoelastic properties of regenerated cellulose containing several different softeners or water only were investigated. Measurements of creep and Young's modulus were made on the Instron tensile tester, and the creep curves were fitted to a mechanical model consisting of Voigt and Maxwell elements of springs and dashpots in series. The elastic and viscous parameters were determined for the various softened films and compared with each other and with measurements of Young's modulus. It was found that the elastic modulus is a function of the effective molar concentration of the softener in the film which is related to its ability to break hydrogen bonds. The inelastic deformation was found to be a linear function of the heat of vaporization of softener (including water) in the film which is related to hydrogen-bonding energy. Thus, inelastic deformation requires breaking of interchain hydrogen bonds in contrast to pure elastic deformation which involves stretching of hydrogen bonds. A relationship of the Voigt unit and of the Maxwell unit on the composition of the cellulose-softener system and on cellulose-softener interaction has been demonstrated.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1961.070051806
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    Polysaccharide B-1459: A new hydrocolloid polyelectrolyte produced from glucose by bacterial fermentationPresented before the Division of Carbohydrate Chemistry at the 136th National Meeting of the American Chemical Society, Atlantic City, September 1959. (1961)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 5 (1961), S. 519-526 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The exocellular polysaccharide fermented from glucose in good yield by Xanthomonas campestrìs NRRL B-1459, has been characterized. The general aspects of chemical constitution have been established, as well as the physical properties related to practical applicability. This macromolecular polysaccharide is composed of D-mannose, D-glucose, D-glucuronic acid (as the potassium salt), and a small proportion of acetyl groups. It can be produced on an industrial scale and is stable is storage. Analytical fractionation indicates fairly sharp molecular distribution for the native polysaccharide. The polysaccharide forms homogeneous dispersions in water which show plastic rheological properties and viscosity comparable with that of high-grade plant gums. Outstanding characteristics of practical significance are the atypical insensitivity of solution viscosity to salt effects and to heat, especially when salt is present. Solutions of low concentration show a restricted viscosity decrease upon salt addition; those of higher concentrations show substantial increases. Viscosity is enhanced still further by monovalent cations at basic pH and by divalent cations at neutral or slightly basic pH. Salt moderates or eliminates any viscosity decrease due to heat and, in somewhat higher concentrations, it increases the viscosity of heated solutions. Heating or deacetylating Polysaccharide B-1459 causes no impairment of its properties, but actual improvement. The constitutional basis for these unusual properties is discussed.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1961.070051704
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  • 75
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    Digital recording and automatic computation of film tensile stress-strain dataPresented at ASTM Committee D-20 Meeting, Detroit, Michigan, October 3, 1960. (1961)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 5 (1961), S. 527-533 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: A system is described for automatic collection of stress-strain data for polymeric films on magnetic tape for subsequent automatic data reduction and computation of a variety of stress-strain parameters. Two shaft analog-to-digital encoders attached to a conventional tensile tester feed digital information to an incremental pulse recorder which stores all stress and strain data in two channels on 0.625-in. magnetic tape. Specimen information and test constants are inserted by the operator through a keyboard located at the tensile tester. The tape is subsequently fed into a standard digital computer through a special incremental pulse magnetic tape reader. The data pulses are internally stored and converted by means of a special program into eight significant stress-strain parameters for polymeric film samples, plus averages and standard deviations for groups of replicate determinations. These parameters include: corrected length of specimen, initial maximum tensile modulus, offset yield stress, strain at break, strain at maximum stress, maximum tensile stress, tensile stress at break, and work to break. While the program described applies to polymer film testing, both it and the digital recording equipment accessories are applicable with suitable modification, to any analog experimental data. Significant savings in man-hours and increased information output result from use of this system.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1961.070051705
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  • 76
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    Effects of heterogeneous acetylation and methylation on mechanical properties of isotropic cellulose film (1961)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 5 (1961), S. 545-552 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The effects on mechanical properties of heterogeneous acetylation and methylation of isotropic cellulose films have been studied. The effects on breaking load, extensibility, yield point, elastic recovery, and initial Young's modulus in the air-dry state were very small. It is concluded that these properties are not markedly influenced in cellulose derivatives by variation of the nature of the intermolecular cohesive forces in the way that might have been anticipated from the analogy of a simple molecular network. It is suggested that the lack of effect of such treatments, and also the cause of the low elastic recovery in cellulose and its derivatives, may be connected with molecular stiffness, dipole distribution, and supracrystalline structure. Cellulose and its derivatives are contrasted with nylon in this respect. The effects of methylation or acetylation on mechanical properties in water are much more extensive and are attributed to a solubilizing effect which, in the case of progressive acetylation, is ultimately opposed by the formation of acetate-acetate intermolecular bonds that are relatively stable to water.
    Additional Material: 12 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1961.070051708
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  • 77
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    Heterogeneous polymer systems. I. Torsional modulus studies (1961)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 5 (1961), S. 580-588 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Torsional modulus-temperature data have been obtained on heterogeneous polymer compositions prepared by several procedures. Both the state of aggregation of the component chain molecules and their degree of compatibility are significant variables. Modulus curves similar to those for crystalline polymers can be obtained from incompatible polymers having glass temperatures sufficiently far apart. Detailed interpretations are presented for modulus curves of both individual homopolymers and bicomponent heterogeneous polymer mixtures.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1961.070051713
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    Grafting of vinyl monomers onto crosslinked polymers. I. Grafting of methyl methacrylate onto fibers spun from polymer blends of polyvinyl alcohol and its partially N-methylolcarbamoylethylated productsPresented at a meeting of the Chemical Society of Japan, Tokyo, October 19, 1960. (1961)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 5 (1961), S. 563-573 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Improvements in physical properties of polyvinyl alcohol fibers were attempted by means of both crosslinking and graft copolymerization. By using the ceric iron redox system on synthetic fibers spun from polymer blends containing polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and its partially (about 15 mole-%) N-methylolcarbamoylethylated products (PVM) in which the blend ratios were 0/100, 10/90, 15/85, and 20/80 by weight, methyl methacrylate (MMA) was grafted at 30°C. in the aldehyde-free acetone-water system after crosslinking by heat treatment or successive acid treatment. Grafting increases with increasing PVM component. This may be ascribed to the coarsening of the fiber texture caused by polymer blending and the increasing of methylol groups as a reducing agent. Moisture regains decrease with increasing graft fraction, but these appear to be greater than the additive values of backbone and graft polymer. Less shrinkage in boiling water is obtained with the increase of PVM component and grafting; the decreased shrinkage is significant in the acid-treated PVM-PVA fibers, and it reaches a nearly sufficient value at about 50% graft-on. The PVA fibers do not give sufficient shrink-proofing. The inherent tenacity and elongation of the grafted fibers increase slightly with increasing graft-on or denier except at the high grafting above about 100, 150, and 300 in the PVA, acid-treated, and acid-untreated PVM/PVA fibers, respectively; whereas the tensile strength in grams/denier decreases with grafting. Although at high grafting, a destruction in the fiber texture will perhaps occur, the coarser the texture of backbone fiber, the harder the change by grafting. The knot/normal ratios in tensile strength or elongation of the grafted fibers have been retained at above 90%. The elastic recovery of the grafted fibers is considerably improved as compared to the conventional Vinylon fibers. The improvements in the acid-treated and grafted PVM/PVA (20/80) fibers are significantly greater above and below 50% graft-on, especially in the range of lower extension. As expected, the thermosetting property is also appreciably imparted with grafting. In the conventional Vinylon fibers, the formalization for shrink-proofing is usually at a sacrifice of elastic recovery. But MMA grafting in the PVM/PVA fibers gives a fairly good elastic recovery and less shrinkage in addition to thermosetting property, making the most of the characteristics in the longer intermolecular crosslinkages formed between methylol groups or PVA-OH groups and methylol groups.
    Additional Material: 12 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1961.070051711
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    International rubber conference (1961)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 5 (1961), S. 620-620 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1961.070051718
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  • 80
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    Symposium on structure and properties of regenerated cellulosePresented before the Division of Cellulose Chemistry, at the 139th Meeting of the American Chemical Society, St. Louis, Missouri, March 21-30, 1961 (1961)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 5 (1961), S. 621-623 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1961.070051801
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    The resilience of chemically modified cottons. II. Reactions of cellulose with formaldehyde under acid conditions (1961)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 5 (1961), S. 704-713 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: A study has been made of the reactions of cellulose with formaldehyde under acid conditions, where the fabrics are baked at elevated temperature. These treatments have involved cotton cellulose in a “dry” or relatively unswollen state and have resulted in the treated fabrics exhibiting improved crease rccovery both dry and wet. It has been found that boiling 1% acetic acid solution reduces the acetal contents of the treated fabrics and causes corresponding decreases in both dry and wet crease-recovery improvement. The reproducibility of these treatments, with respect both to extents of formaldehyde incorporation and to dry and wet crease recovery, is found to be very good within a single treatment and, more importantly, tietween different treatments carried out under the same conditions. The rates of acetal removal by the boiling 1% acetic acid and the relationships between acetal content and crease-recovery improvement have been found to be fairly complex. A study has also been made of the rates of acetal removal by boiling 1% acetic acid for samples of cotton card sliver treated with acid and subsequently heated in sealed tubes with paraformaldehyde. The rates of acetal removal in this case have been observed to be qualitatively similar to those observed for treated fabrics. The implications of these findings are discussed.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1961.070051813
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    Polymer news (1961)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 5 (1961), S. 753-753 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1961.070051818
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  • 83
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    Theis-Kaltband-Handbuch; Herausgegeben aus Anlaß des 50jährigen Bestehens der Friedr. Gustav Theis, Kaltwalzwerke, Hohenlimburg. 175 S. m. zahlr. Abb., Normen u. Tab.  -  Verlag für Wirtschaftspublizistik, Wiesbaden. (Nicht im Buchhandel.) (1961)
    Weinheim [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 12 (1961), S. 68-68 
    Details
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/maco.19610120116
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    Masthead (1961)
    Weinheim [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 12 (1961) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/maco.19610120201
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  • 85
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    Über die Korrosion von Metallen in hölzernen Gehäusen (1961)
    Weinheim [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 12 (1961), S. 1-10 
    Details
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Corrosion of metal in wooden casingsCertain woods (e.g. beech and oak) contain up to 5 per cent, combined acid, mainly acetic acid. During furnace drying and steam treatment, a considerable quantity of acetic acid is released which, being volatile, is liable to promote corrosion through the gaseous phase. The dependence of this acid separation on the external conditions and the escape of the acid from the wood during storage have been investigated.Corrosion tests showed that the free acetic acid of the wood does not promote corrosion until the air humidity has reached about 70 per cent. In moist basements, even normally dry and properly packed casings (e.g. clock casing) absorb so much moisture in a matter of days that steel parts begin to rust.Measures to prevent such corrosion include: storing at humidities below approx. 75 per cent., using casing made from adequately seasoned wood (which is relatively free from acid), and wrapping the steel parts to be protected (especially clocks) with VPI paper.
    Notes: Gewisse Holzarten (z.B. Buche und Eiche) enthalten bis zu 5% gebundene Säure, in der Hauptsache Essigsäure. Beim künstlichen Trocknen und beim Dämpfen spaltet sich hiervon in erheblicher Menge freie Essigsäure ab, die, da sie flüchtig ist, über die Gasphase korrosionsbegünstigend wirken kann. Die Abhängigkeit dieser Säureabspaltung von den äußeren Bedingungen und das Entweichen der Säure aus dem Holz bei der Lagerung wurden untersucht.Wie Rostversuche ergaben, wirkte die freie Essigsäure des Holzes erst bei Luftfeuchtigkeiten oberhalb etwa 80% rostbegünstigend. In feuchten Kellern nehmen auch an sich trockene, normal verpackte Gehäuse (z. B. Uhrgehäuse) in einigen Tagen soviel Feuchtigkeit auf, daß Stahlteile zu rosten beginnen.Maßnahmen zur Korrosionsverhütung sind: Lagerung bei Feuchtigkeiten unterhalb etwa 75%, Herstellung der Gehäuse aus genügend abgelagertem und damit säurearmem Holz, Umhüllung der zu schützenden Stahlteile (im besonderen bei Uhren) mit VPI-Papier.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/maco.19610120102
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    Überzüge organischer Natur (1961)
    Weinheim [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 12 (1961), S. 46-58 
    Details
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/maco.19610120110
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    Corrosion Data Survey, 1960 Edition, compiled by G. A. Nelson, Copyright 1950, 1954, 1960 Shell Development Company, Emeryville, California (1961)
    Weinheim [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 12 (1961), S. 68-68 
    Details
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/maco.19610120114
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  • 88
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    Aus Industrie und Technik (1961)
    Weinheim [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 12 (1961), S. 70-72 
    Details
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/maco.19610120118
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  • 89
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    Allgemeines, Theorie und Messung der Korrosion (1961)
    Weinheim [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 12 (1961), S. 88-98 
    Details
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/maco.19610120205
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  • 90
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    Nichteisenmetalle (1961)
    Weinheim [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 12 (1961), S. 107-110 
    Details
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/maco.19610120207
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  • 91
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    Beitrag zur Systematik der Korrosion der Metalle im Erdreich VI (1961)
    Weinheim [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 12 (1961), S. 85-88 
    Details
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: The systematology of the corrosion of metals in soil (VI) Lead, zinc and aluminum coatingsThe results of the field tests carried out by the U.S. Bureau of Standards with metallic coatings in U.S. soils have been evaluated on the basis of the results obtained and published so far. It was found that the resistance of lead coatings on iron pipes depends on the duration of the test, on the pH value of the soil, and on the average annual rainfall. In this respect, it was possible to find simple relationships explaining the behaviour of „parkway cable“ in different U.S. soils. Similarly, it was possible to find a simple law governing the longterm corrosion behaviour of galvanized iron' pipes buried in the soil. Like the behaviour of metallic coatings in new electrolytes, the behaviour of metallic coatings in the soil can be illustrated by corrosion rate/pH diagrams. The resistance of dip and powder calorized iron pipes depends on the pH value of the soil, and on its airing.
    Notes: Die Ergebnisse der von US-Bureau of Standards mit metallischen Überzügen in USA-Böden durchgeführten Naturkorrosionsversuche wurden unter Zugrundelegung der bisher gewonnenen und bekanntgegebene Erkenntnisse ausgewertet. Dabie wurde festgestellt, daß die Widerstandsfähigkeit von Bleiüberzügen auf Eisenrohren von der Versuchsdauer, dem pH-Wert des Bodens und der durchschnittlichen jährlichen Regenmenge abhängt. Für das Verhalten von „parkway cable„ in verschiedenen USA-Böden konnten in dieser Hinsicht einfache Zusammenhänge gefunden werden. Verzinkte Eisenrohre ließen ebenfalls im Erdboden hinsichtlich ihres Korrosions-Dauerverhaltens eine einfache Gesetzmäßigkeit erkennen. Für das Verhalten der verschiedenen metallischen Überzüge im Erdreich können ähnlich wie für deren Verhalten im neuen Elektrolyten, Korrosionsgeschwindigkeits-pH-Diagramme entwickelt werden. Die Widerstandsfähigkeit von tauch- und pulverkalorisierten Eisenrohren hängt vom pH-Wert des Bodens und von dessen Belüftung ab.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/maco.19610120204
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    Eisenmetalle (1961)
    Weinheim [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 12 (1961), S. 300-303 
    Details
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/maco.19610120507
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    Electronic Resource
    Chemie und Technologie der Silicone von W. Noll, Leverkusen unter Mitarbeit von O. Glenz, Leverkusen; G. Hecht, Wuppertal-Elberfeld; W. Krauss, Leverkusen; J. Peter, Leverkusen; H. Rothert, Berlin; B. Zorn, Leverkusen. 1960. XV, 460 S. mit 101 Abb. und 97 Tab. sowie etwa 2000 Literaturzitaten. Verlag Chemie, GmbH., Weinheim/Bergstr. Ganzleinen DM 39,80 (1961)
    Weinheim [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 12 (1961), S. 125-125 
    Details
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/maco.19610120213
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  • 94
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    Electronic Resource
    Reactor handbook second edition in four volumes vol. 1: Materials. published under contract with the U. S. Atomic energy commission, volume 1 edited by C. R. Tipton, jr., New York 1960, Interscience Publishers, Inc. New York 1, N. Y.; Interscience Publishers Ltd., London, Preis $ 36,50 (1961)
    Weinheim [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 12 (1961), S. 126-126 
    Details
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/maco.19610120218
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  • 95
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Allgemeines, Theorie und Messung der Korrosion (1961)
    Weinheim [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 12 (1961), S. 154-156 
    Details
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/maco.19610120305
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  • 96
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    Electronic Resource
    Handbuch der Gießereitechnik. Erster Band, 2. Teil: Werkstoffe II, Stand und Probleme der Normung. Herausgegeben von F. Roll unter Mitarbeit zahlreicher Fachleute. Springer-Verlag Berlin/Göttingen/Heidelberg 1960, 1. Auflage, XII, 363 Seiten, 354 Abbildungen und viele Tabellen, Ganzleinen DM 66.- (1961)
    Weinheim [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 12 (1961), S. 410-411 
    Details
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/maco.19610120616
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  • 97
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Kurzreferate zu den Originalarbeiten (1961)
    Weinheim [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 12 (1961), S. X 
    Details
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/maco.19610120621
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  • 98
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    Electronic Resource
    Kathodischer Schutz von im Boden eingebetteten oder in Wasser eintauchenden AnlagenNach einem Vortrag, gehalten auf der Diskussionstagung „Kathodischer Korrosionsschutz“, 7. und 8. April 1960 in Frankfurt/M. (1961)
    Weinheim [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 12 (1961), S. 280-288 
    Details
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Cathodic protection of installations embedded in the soil or immersed in waterHaving emphasized the importance and development of cathodic polarisation methods as means of protecting metallic structures embedded in the soil or immersed in water, the author discusses the notion and working of the protective potential. The discussion covers, in some detail, the measuring of the different potentials, the type and effect of the reference electrodes used in cathodic protection, the standard values, the method of well as the determination of a limit value of the protective potential of the polarisation curves and the significance of this limit value as regards the service life of anti-corrosion sheathings of metallic surfaces. By way of example for the successful application of cathodic corrosion protection, a description is given of the drinking water pipeline supplying the islands of Procida and Ischia in the Gulf of Naples which, over a length ofs 6.2 kilometres, runs along the sea bed.
    Notes: Nach Hinweis auf Bedeutung und Entwicklung kathodischer Polarisationsmethoden zum Schutz bodenverlegter oder in Wasser eintauchender metallischer Konstruktionen erörtert Verfasser Begriff und Wirkungsweise des Schutzpotentials. Messung der verschiedenen Potentialwerte, Art und Einfluß der Bezugselektroden beim kathodischen Schutz, Normwerte, Ausführung der Kontrollmessungen sowie Festlegung und Bedeutung eines Grenzwertes des Schutz potentials bzw. der Polarisationskurven für die Lebensdauer korrosionsschützender Umhüllungen metallischer Oberflächen werden eingehend behandelt. Als Beispiel der erfolgreichen Anwendung des kathodischen Korrosionsschutzes wird die im Golf von Neapel auf den Meeresboden verlegte Trinkwasserleitung nach den beiden Inseln Procida und Ischia beschrieben, deren gesamte Unterwasserlänge 6,2 km beträgt.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/maco.19610120504
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  • 99
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Aus Industrie und Technik (1961)
    Weinheim [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 12 (1961), S. 346-350 
    Details
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/maco.19610120515
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  • 100
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    Electronic Resource
    Das Fachwissen des Metallgewerblers, Tl. 4, Fachzeichnen (Ein Zeichenlehrgang und Aufgabenbuch). Von F. Diefenbach. 3., erweiterte und verbesserte Aufl. Bonn, Dümmler 1960, 240 S., 32 Abb. und 208 Aufgabenblätter, kart., DIN A 5, DM 6,80. (Reihe „Dümmlers Fachbücherei“) (1961)
    Weinheim [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 12 (1961), S. 468-468 
    Details
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/maco.19610120712
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