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  • 101
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 132 (1972), S. 15-24 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Schlagwort(e): Digestive diverticula ; Bivalves ; Peroxisomes ; Ultrastructure
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Summary Electron microscopy of the digestive diverticula of the protobranch bivalve, Nucula sulcata, revealed the presence of peroxisomes in the basal regions of the epithelial cells lining the main and secondary ducts, and in the digestive and secretory (basophil) cells of the tubules. Those in the secretory cells are elongate and somewhat flattened, while those of the other cell types have a spherical form. Two distinct types of nucleoid are normally present within the secretory cell peroxisomes, one compact, crystalline, and finely polytubular, the other comprising isolated secondary tubules arranged in a linear series across the width of the organelle. The peroxisomes of the digestive and duct cells contain coarsely polytubular cores arranged in two clusters orientated more or less at right angles; the duct cell peroxisomes may also contain a second nucleoid in the form of a compact finely polytubular core. Sections incubated in a medium containing 3,3'-diaminobenzidine (DAB) and hydrogen peroxide reveal an electron dense reaction product within the peroxisomes of all the cell types. Catalase is considered to be responsible for the reaction.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 102
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 132 (1972), S. 67-78 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Schlagwort(e): Salivary glands ; Octopus ; Secretory fibers ; Synapse ; Ultrastructure
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Résumé Les nerfs sécréteurs pénètrent dans l'épithélium des tubules au niveau du hile de la glande. Leurs subdivisions se disposent entre les cellules épithéliales ou leurs replis, et gardent toujours une situation extracellulaire. Les plus gros faisceaux d'axones sont encore entourés par des cellules satellites qu'on n'arrive plus à discerner autour des faisceaux moins importants ou autour des fibres isolées. Les axones sont alors directement au contact des cellules glandulaires. On a pu trouver des synapses neuro-glandulaires avec des spécialisations membranaires asymétriques comparables à celles décrites dans le système nerveux central des Vertébrés. Les fibres sécrétrices variqueuses contiennent d'autre part des vésicules de types variés, semblables à celles des troncs sécréteurs et moteurs du canal, et à celles des fibres motrices de la glande. La signification de ces vésicules a été discutée en relation avec l'existence possible d'amines biogènes diverses dans les fibres nerveuses.
    Notizen: Summary The secretory nerves enter the tubule epithelium at the level of the gland hilus. Their subdivisions being located between the epithelial cells or their infoldings, have always extracellular position. Satellite cells still surround the largest axon bundles, but are no longer discernable round the smaller bundles or isolated axons which are thus in direct apposition with glandular cells. Neuro-glandular synapses, with asymetric membrane specialisations similar to those found in the central nervous system of vertebrates, have been found. The varicose secretory fibers contain various types of vesicles, similar to those found in the secretory or the motor trunks at the duct level, or in the gland motor fibers. The significance of these vesicles is discussed, in reference to the possible existence of various biogenic amines in the nerve fibers.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 103
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 132 (1972), S. 131-146 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Schlagwort(e): Nervous tissue ; Tardigrada ; Ultrastructure
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Zusammenfassung Das Nervengewebe von Macrobiotus hufelandi zeichnet sich durch stark verzweigte pseudunipolare Nervenzellen und relativ wenige Gliazellen aus. Die Neurone besitzen rauhes ER, freie Ribosomen, zahlreiche Mitochondrien, einen wenig ausgeprägten Golgi-Apparat und einen elektronenlichten Kern. In ihren Axonen finden sich Vesikel und Einschlüsse unterschiedlicher Größe und Zusammensetzung. Die Gliazellen verzweigen sich stark und besitzen glattes ER, viele freie Ribosomen und einen elektronendichten Kern. Ganglien und Nerven werden nur durch eine dünne Neurallamelle vom extraganglionären Raum getrennt. Die morphologische Ausbildung des Nervengewebes wird im Hinblick auf die extreme Lebensweise der Tardigraden diskutiert.
    Notizen: Summary The typical elements of the nervous tissue of Macrobiotus hufelandi are strongly ramified pseudunipolar neurons and a small amount of glial cells. In the perikarya of neurons there are rough ER, free ribosomes, many mitochondria, a poor Golgi-apparatus, and an electron-light nucleus. Nerve fibers contain masses of vesicles and inclusions of different size and composition. The ramifying glial cells have smooth ER, many free ribosomes, and an electron-dense nucleus. Ganglia and nerves are separated from the extraganglionic cavity by a thin acellular sheath (neural lamella). The organization of the nervous tissue is discussed with regard to the extreme conditions of environment of the tardigrades.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 104
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 132 (1972), S. 365-380 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Schlagwort(e): Golgi apparatus ; Membranes ; Cross-bridges ; Electron microscopy
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Summary Electron opaque cross-bridge structures span the inter- and intracisternal spaces and provide membrane-to-membrane connections between adjacent cisternae of dictyosomes of pollen tubes ofClivia andLilium. Additionally, the classic intercisternal rods, characteristic of intercisternal regions near the maturing face of dictyosomes, are connected with the adjacent membranes through similar cross-bridge elements. We suggest that these structural links are responsible for maintaining the flattened appearance of the central parts of Golgi apparatus cisternac as well as for the coherence of cisternae within the stack. Observations on other plant (e.g. microsporocytes ofCanna) and animal cells (e.g. rodent liver and hepatoma cells, newt spermatocytes) show that such an array of membrane cross-links is a universal feature of Golgi apparatus architecture. The cross-bridges appear as part of the complex “zone of exclusion” which surrounds dictyosomes, entire Golgi apparatus and Golgi apparatus equivalents in a variety of cell types.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 105
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 132 (1972), S. 451-472 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Schlagwort(e): Adenohypophysis ; Myxine glutinosa ; Cell types ; Ultrastructure
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Summary The ultrastructure of adenohypophysial cells in the Atlantic hagfish (Myxine glutinosa) is described and the morphological evidence for secretory activity is discussed. A scarcity of secretory granules is characteristic of the adenohypophysis of Myxine. Two cell types having the appearance of protein hormone producing cells can be identified. Type 1 has dense membrane-bound granules with a calculated mean diameter of 88 nm while type 2 has larger granules with a mean diameter of 176 nm. The release of secretory granular material follows mainly the “membrane-release” pattern. It is suggested that cell type 1 may produce a hormone which is similar to ACTH/MSH and type 2 another hormone similar to STH/LTH. The basophilic cells contain a secretory material which is similar to the mucus produced in the epithelial mucus cells. Several structural modifications are considered to represent functional compensations for the absence of vascular elements in the gland. Among these are a cytoplasmic tubular system, certain long agranular cells together with long granule-containing projections from cell types 1 and 2, and foliate or finger-like invaginations of the basal lamina.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 106
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 132 (1972), S. 553-562 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Schlagwort(e): Basement membrane ; Brain ventricles ; Rat ; Subependymal labyrinths ; Light- and electron microscopy
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Zusammenfassung Mit der Perjodsäure-Bisulfit-Aldehydthionin-Färbung (Specht) lassen sich am ganzen Ventrikelsystem des Rattengehirns sub- und interependymale Strukturen lichtmikroskopisch nachweisen, die elektronenmikroskopisch als Basalmembranlabyrinthe (BML) identifiziert werden können. Verschiedene Formen dieser BML lassen sich unterscheiden. Sie stehen in Verbindung mit subependymalen Kapillaren. Die Verteilung der BML wird in Ventrikelkarten dokumentiert.
    Notizen: Summary Sub- und interependymal structures, being demonstrable by a period-acid-bisulfit-aldehydthionine-method (Specht), occur in the whole ventricular system by light microscopy. They can be identified electron microscopically as basement membrane labyrinths (BML). Different shapes of these BML can be distinguished. They are in communication with the basement membrane of subependymal capillaries. The distribution of BML is documented in “ventricular maps”.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 107
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 133 (1972), S. 35-46 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Schlagwort(e): Ultrastructure ; Fowl ; Liver
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Summary The ultrastructure of the liver parenchymal cell from immature pullets and from immature and young mature cockerels has been studied. The results demonstrated that the fowl's hepatocyte is structurally very similar to that of other birds and, in spite of certain morphological differences between the livers of birds and mammals, is also very similar in structure to the liver cell of mammals.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 108
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 130 (1972), S. 243-248 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Schlagwort(e): Blood vessels ; Chicken embryo ; Multivesicular structures ; Electron microscopy
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Zusammenfassung In verschiedenen Arten von Gefäß- und Mesenchymzellen in Allantois und Dottersack des Hühnchens wurden regelmäßig sog. „multivesicular structures“ beobachtet, die aus intrazellulären Aggregaten von Vesikeln (Durchmesser ca.: 800 Å) und/oder Vakuolen (Durchmesser bis 5000 Å) bestehen. Ähnliche Befunde anderer Autoren und die eigenen Ergebnisse sprechen dafür, daß es sich um das Substrat einer weitverbreiteten Zellreaktion handelt, die u.a. das morphologische Äquivalent der Sequestrierung eines z.B. im Zuge der Zelldifferenzierung überflüssig gewordenen Zytoplasmaanteils darstellt.
    Notizen: Summary In the endothelial, the media and mesenchymal cells of the vessels in the chicken's allantoic and vitelline membranes “multivesicular structure” regularly occur. They consist of aggregated vesicles and/or vacuoles (diameters ranging from 800 Å to 5000 Å) and seem to present a rather common and widespread cellular reaction, that might serve as a mechanism to sequester those parts of the cytoplasm which became superfluous e.g. during cell differentiation.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 109
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 130 (1972), S. 312-317 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Schlagwort(e): Aphid cornicle ; Basal lamina ; Oenocyte ; Holocrine secretion ; Ultrastructure
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Summary Light- and electron-microscopic observations on the cornicles of the rose aphid Macrosiphum rosae are presented, and discussed in relation to conflicting interpretations of cornicle structure and function. Lipid filled cornicle secretory cells occupy the lumen of the cornicle and extend into the abdominal cavity. The aphid is readily induced by mechanical stimuli to release cornicle secretory cells from a pore at the tip of the cornicle. The holocrine secretory cells are disrupted and release their lipid contents on leaving the body. They are enclosed within an acellular membranous sac that is apparently identical in structure with the basal lamina of the epidermis. The ultrastructure and anatomical relationships of the cornicle secretory cells suggest that they are oenocytes invaginated with the epidermal basal lamina, and are not anatomically or embryologically related to fat body.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 110
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 130 (1972), S. 338-350 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Schlagwort(e): Adenohypophysis ; Salmon ; Gonad maturation ; Cell types ; Electron microscopy
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Summary The fine structure of the various hormone-producing cell types (with the exclusion of the prolactin cells) in the pituitary gland (pars distalis) of migratory sockeye salmon is described. All fish were in an advanced stage of sexual maturation. In the proximal pars distalis five cell types were distinguished: growth hormone cells, ACTH cells, gonadotrops, “vesicular cells”, and “chromophobe cells”. Gonadotrops were also found throughout the rostral pars distalis. A conspicuous feature of the gonadotrops was the presence of two kinds of secretory inclusions: small electron-dense granules (200–375 mμ) and large, relatively electron-translucent globules (400–2 000 mμ). The large vesicular cells, so called because of their conspicuous vesicular endoplasmic reticulum, were numerous and often appeared to contain some small granules. It is argued that they may represent a second type of gonadotropic cell, which, in earlier stages of gonad development, contains many granules but becomes largely degranulated near the time of reproduction when the other gonadotrops (“globular gonadotrops”) abound. The chromophobes, which were smaller and far less abundant than the vesicular cells, also appeared to contain small granules (120–280 mμ). They are probably thyrotrops.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 111
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Schlagwort(e): Ultimobranchial glands ; Urodeles ; Cell types ; Ultrastructure
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Summary The fine structure of the ultimobranchial (UB) glands of two common laboratory urodeles, viz., larval axolotls, Ambystoma mexicanum Shaw and adult Pleurodeles waltlii Micahelles, is described and compared in what is believed to be the first ultrastructural report on urodele UB glands. The axolotl UB gland shows a wide variety of form, being represented by an elongated diffuse series of follicles and sometimes by one or two large discrete terminal follicular bodies. In these axolotl UB glands up to four cell categories are distinguishable including a tonofilamentous cell and a secretory cell that is possibly homologous with calcitonin-producing C cells of anurans or other vertebrates. These two cell categories are also found in the Pleurodeles gland. The possible significance of the various cells is considered.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 112
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 134 (1972), S. 205-225 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Schlagwort(e): Diabetes insipidus ; Rat ; Hypothalamo-neurohypophysial system ; Synthesis of hormones ; Light- and Electron microscopy
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Summary The general ultrastructural features of the hypothalamo-neurohypophysial system in rats with hereditary hypothalamic diabetes insipidus (DI-rats, Brattleboro strain) are described. There is no decisively distinguishing difference between the neurons of the supraoptic and paraventricular nuclei. The neurons of both nuclei show signs of active protein synthesis. The perikarya of the neurons are markedly hypertrophic, the nuclei are large and the nucleoli prominent. In the cytoplasm there are numerous ribosomes, abundant rough-surfaced endoplasmic reticulum and extensive Golgi complexes. However, very few neurosecretory granules are to be seen. The axons of the hypothalamo-neurohypophysial tract are likewise enlarged and the paucity of neurosecretory granules is a striking feature also in the area of the tract. The majority of nerve endings in the posterior pituitary of DI-rats are devoid of neurosecretory granules. Microvesicles are abundant in the nerve endings and there are findings which suggest that microvesicles are involved either in endoor exocytosis. The signs of active protein synthesis and the concomitant paucity of neurosecretory granules are interpreted to imply transportation of the secretory proteins in an extragranular phase. The possible mode of release of the secretory proteins from the nerve endings and the role of microvesicles therein are discussed.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 113
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 134 (1972), S. 255-271 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Schlagwort(e): Hepatopancreas ; Limulus ; Gap junctions ; Calcium spherules ; Ultrastructure
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Summary The ultrastructure of the hepatopancreas and associated tissues of Limulus is described. All hepatopancreatic tubules contain L- and D-cells. L-cells exhibit apical pinocytosis and contain many different types of inclusions, including lipid containing calcium spherules of unique structure. They also produce a complex secretory product released by apocrine secretion. D-cells contain much rough endoplasmic reticulum, and show other evidence of active protein synthesis. They produce a single type of secretory granule released by merocrine activity. The appearance of L- and D-cells in tubules of various sizes and in fed and starved animals is described. Both cell types may produce digestive enzymes and absorb and transport nutrients to the hemolymph, but neither serves as a major storage site. Storage is an important function of the intertubular R-cells. The appearance of R-cells in fed and starved animals is described. A previously undescribed hemocyte is reported, as are apparent gap junctions between L- and R-cells. A structural and functional comparison of these glands with those of other arthropods is presented.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 114
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 134 (1972), S. 273-282 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Schlagwort(e): Swim Bladder ; Gas gland cells ; Misgurnus fossilis ; Ultrastructure
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Summary The fine structure of the wall of the rudimentary rear chamber in the swimbladder of the pond-loach was studied. The morphological features of a majority of the cells, as well as the presence of micro-rete mirabile, suggest that epithelial components in the wall of this organ represent a structural and functional equivalent of the gas gland.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 115
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 131 (1972), S. 347-370 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Schlagwort(e): Spermatozoon ; Pleurodeles ; Acrosome ; Differentiation ; Electron microscopy
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Résumé L'origine et la morphogenèse des différents éléments de l'acrosome du spermatozoīde dePleurodeles waltlii ont été suivies et décrites depuis le tout début de la spermiogenèse. La formation de la vésicule acrosomienne et son évolution en une coiffe acrosomienne se fait selon le schéma classique. Son extrémité apicale se différencie tardivement en un bouton terminal et un crochet. Les trois parties de la coiffe diffèrent dans leur composition et leur structure fine. Les volumineux et complexes éléments situés sous la coiffe acrosomienne: axe, baguette puis manchon périphérique et manchon moyen, sont dépourvus de polysaccharides. Leur origine est envisagées. Ils sont comparés aux éléments situés dans l'espace sous-acrosomien des spermatozoīdes des autres vertébrés.
    Notizen: Summary The origin and the morphogenesis of the acrosome different parts ofPleurodeles spermatozoon, have been investigated and described from the early beginning spermiogenesis process. The acrosomal vesicle and acrosomal cap formation take place according to the classical scheme. The acrosomal anterior tip cap late differentiate in a blunt terminal knob and a hook. The three cap parts differ in their composition and fine structure. The large and complicated structure stretching under the acrosomal cap: axis, peripheral muff and middle muff, are devoided of polysaccharides; their origin is discussed. They are compared with the subacrosomal components lying in the other vertebrates spermatozoon subacrosomal space.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 116
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 131 (1972), S. 429-436 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Schlagwort(e): Hormone granules ; Thyroid (C-cells) ; Anterior Pituitary ; Ultrastructure ; Freeze-etching method
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Zusammenfassung Gefriergebrochene Präparate (mit und ohne Ätzung) der Adenohypophyse und der C-Zellen der Schilddrüse von Ratte und Meerschweinchen wurden elektronenmikroskopisch untersucht. Bei den Hormongranula dieser Zellen verlaufen die Bruchflächen im allgemeinen zwischen den beiden Membranflächen oder zwischen Granulum-Inhalt und Membran. Nur relativ selten werden Granula quergebrochen. Auf beiden Hälften der gespaltenen Membranen der C-Zellgranula werden etwa mit gleicher Häufigkeit Proteinpartikel (100–200 Å) gefunden. Bei den Granula der somatotropen Zellen treten auf der dem Plasma anliegenden Membranhälfte deutlich mehr Proteinpartikel auf als auf der dem Granuluminhalt anliegenden Hälfte. Der Inhalt der somatotropen und C-Zellgranula erscheint bei dieser Präparationsmethode aus einer dichten Packung von 80–100 Å großen Partikeln zu bestehen. Eine besonders strukturierte Zone zwischen Membran und Granuluminhalt konnte bei den bisherigen Untersuchungen nicht festgestellt werden. Durch Ätzung der Gefrierbrüche ließen sich keine zusätzlichen strukturellen Details der Granula darstellen. Eine durch Auswertung von stereoskopischen Aufnahmen gewonnene Größenverteilungskurve für die C-Zellgranula wird vorgelegt.
    Notizen: Summary Freeze-fractured preparations (with and without etching procedures) of guineapig and rat thyroid (C-) cells and anterior pituitary (somatotropic-) cells have been investigated with the electron microscope. The hormone granules of these cells in general split either between the two lamellae of their unit membrane or between the granule contents and the unit membrane. Only rarely cross-broken granules have been observed. Inner and outer lamella of the unit membrane of the C-cell granules contain in more or less similar frequency moderate amounts of protein particles of 100–200 Å diameter. In case of the somatotrophs the outer lamella contains higher numbers of these particles than the inner one. The contents of the C-cell and somatotroph granules seems to consist of densely packed 80–100 Å particles. A particular zone between contents and membrane (as observed on micrographs with conventional electron microscopy) could not be detected on freeze-fractured preparations. The etching procedure does not reveal additional details of the granule structure. A size distribution curve of the C-cell granules as determined from stereo-pairs, is given.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 117
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 131 (1972), S. 497-517 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Schlagwort(e): Granulosa cells ; Oocyte ; Pig ; Mitochondria ; Ultrastructure
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Summary Pig oocytes and their surrounding granulosa cells obtained from mature Graafian follicles at a stipulated time near to ovulation were studied in some details electronmicroscopically. Particular emphasis is given to the corona radiata cell processes and to the heterogeneous population of mitochondria in the oocyte. The corona radiata cell processes contain various components such as filaments, mitochondria, multivesicular bodies and lipid droplets in their matrix. The contact relationship of the corona radiata cell processes to the oocytes is maintained by desmosomes. Usually, the two parallel surface membranes forming the desmosome are separated by a space of about 200 Å. Occasionally, the two membranes approximate each other to form a junction having a “gap” of about 70 Å. Apparently the membranes become fused in some regions. Of particular interest is the distribution and structural characteristics of the single-membrane-bounded structures, and their relationship to the cytomembranes and the mitochondria. On the basis of the present and earlier (Norberg, 1972) observations, the question arises whether the formation and development of mitochondria of pig oocytes depend, at least partly, on a metamorphosis of single-membrane-bounded structures derived from less complex membraneous elements. Final conclusions concerning this problem demand integrated morphological and biochemical investigation regarding the biosynthesis of mitochondria.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 118
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 132 (1972), S. 25-34 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Schlagwort(e): Neurohypophysis ; Rat ; Perivascular cells ; Neurosecretion ; Ultrastructure
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Summary The purpose of this study is to investigate the ultrastructural features of perivascular cells as found in the neural lobe of the hypophysis. In particular, an inquiry was made into the nature of the relationship of such cells to neurosecretory fibers and endings. The latter, in fact, are often invaginated within the perivascular cells and enveloped by their processes; furthermore, they often reveal a certain number of empty granules as well as characteristics of degenerative nature. In the course of this study the localization of the perivascular cells has been investigated as well as that of their processes within the extensive interlobular network typical of the hypophysial neural lobe of rodents. Based on the data gathered, the hypothesis is put forward that the perivascular cells play an important role in the turnover of neurosecretory endings, both under physiological and experimental conditions, contributing thereby to the release of post-hypophysial hormones.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 119
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 132 (1972), S. 51-65 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Schlagwort(e): Salivary glands ; Octopus ; Innervation of musculature ; Ultrastructure
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Résumé Les fibres nerveuses, souvent composées, qu'on peut trouver dans le tissu conjonctif séparant les fibres musculaires du canal, ou les tubules de la glande, sont très comparables morphologiquement aux fibres des troncs moteurs. Leurs cellules satellites, qui contiennent de grosses inclusions, nombreuses et très denses aux électrons, engainent les axones pratiquement jusqu'au niveau des terminaisons. Les jonctions neuromusculaires sont caractérisées par l'accumulation de petites vésicules claires, accompagnées de quelques vésicules plus grandes et à »coeur« dense. Les axones présentent aussi le long de leur trajet des segments plus ou moins dilatés où existent des vésicules de types très variés, et dont la signification est discutée.
    Notizen: Summary Nervous fibers, often composite, can be found in the connective tissue between the duct muscular fibers, or the gland tubules. They are morphologically similar to the motor trunks fibers. Their satellite cells, containing numerous electron-opaque large inclusions, can be seen round the axons nearly to the nerve endings. Neuromuscular junctions are characterized by the accumulation of small clear vesicles, intermingled with some larger dense-cored vesicles. Axonal swellings, with numerous vesicles of various types, can also be seen along the course of the nerve fibers; their significance is discussed.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 120
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 132 (1972), S. 95-106 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Schlagwort(e): Olfactory sensilla ; Insects ; Necrophorus ; Ultrastructure
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Zusammenfassung 1. Auf dem Endglied der Antenne von Necrophorus wird eine neue Sensillenform als Sensillum coelosphaericum beschrieben. Anhand von Merkmalen des cuticulären Apparates werden 2 Typen dieses Sensillums unterschieden. 2. Die Wand des cuticulären Apparates ist von einem Porensystem durchbrochen, das als reizleitende Struktur angesehen werden kann. Abweichend vom Porensystem basiconischer Sensillen finden sich bei den Sensilla coelosphaerica statt der Porentubuli sackförmige Bildungen, die aus einem dreidimensionalen Gitterwerk von miteinander vernetzten Filamenten bestehen. Diese Filamentsäcke enden bei Sensillum coelosphaericum Typ I in Einbuchtungen der 3. Hüllzelle, die hier den cuticulären Apparat auskleidet; bei Typ II grenzen sie an den äußeren Liquorraum. 3. Bei beiden Typen der Sensilla coelosphaerica werden die Dendriten auch innerhalb des cuticulären Apparates von einer Scheide umgeben. Das reizleitende System reicht nicht bis in unmittelbare Nähe der Dendriten. Die räumliche Anordnung der Strukturen führt zu der Auffassung, daß Duftmoleküle die Dendritenmembran nicht allein durch Grenzflächen-Diffusion erreichen Können.
    Notizen: Summary 1. A new type of olfactory sensilla, named Sensillum coelosphaericum, was found on the distal segment of the antenna of the Carrion beetle Necrophorus. Two types of sensilla are differentiated by characteristics of their cuticular apparatus. 2. The wall of the cuticular apparatus is penetrated by pores which may function in the conduction of stimuli. The sensilla coelosphaerica differ from the basiconic sensilla in that they do not have pore tubules but have sac-like structures consisting of a three-dimensional network of filaments. In sensillum coelosphaericum type I, these sacs end in infoldings of a third enveloping cell which in this type coats the inside of the cuticular apparatus; in type II, on the other hand, the sacs of filaments border the outer liquor space. 3. Within the cuticular apparatus in both types of sensilla coelosphaerica, the dendrites are surrounded by a dendritic sheath. The stimulus-conducting system does not contact the dendrites. The arrangement of these structures implies that odour molecules can also reach the dendrite membrane by other means than surface diffusion.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 121
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 135 (1972), S. 211-228 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Schlagwort(e): Osteoclasts ; Rats ; Bone resorption ; Lysosomes ; Electron microscopy
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Summary Osteoclasts in metaphyses from young rats were systematically sectioned at different levels. Two types of osteoclasts were recognized. One type had no ruffled border while the other, and predominant type contained a ruffled border in a part of its length; some of the latter contained two ruffled borders. The closest contact between osteoclast and bone occurred at the level of the ruffled border and this bone under the border showed characteristic changes indicative of resorption. In some osteoclasts the ruffled border consisted of numerous slender cytoplasmic projections separated by very narrow spaces or channels while in other osteoclasts it was more open. The ruffled border was commonly surrounded by a transitional zone containing numerous thin filaments. The osteoclast usually had its greatest dimension at the level of the ruffled border and the cytoplasm here contained many bodies and vacuoles but a sparse endoplasmic reticulum. Away from the level of the ruffled border the cytoplasmic vacuoles and bodies were fewer while the endoplasmic reticulum was often more pronounced. Parts of the osteoclasts were usually situated close to a vessel. It is suggested that there is a correlation between the development of the ruffled border and the degree of bone resorption and that osteoclasts without a ruffled border are, at least temporarily, inactive with respect to bone resorption. The numerous cytoplasmic bodies, interpreted as lysosomes, are presumed to be important in the resorption process. The closely adjacent positioning of osteoclasts and vessels may facilitate the transport of resorption products to the blood.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 122
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 135 (1972), S. 275-286 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Schlagwort(e): Oöcyte ; Resorption ; Locust ; Ultrastructure
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Summary The changes in the ultrastructure of the oöcyte and associated follicle cells during oösorption in Locusta migratoria migratoroides are described. Throughout the process the follicle cells act in a phagocytic manner and invade the oöplasm. Localizatio of acid phosphatase activity indicates that at the start of resorption the Golgi complexes of the follicle cells begin to produce lysosomes on a large scale, and that these are utilised in the breakdown of yolk spheres which have been taken up from the oöcyte. Partly degraded yolk spheres are collected together along with other cell organelles into cytolysomes. The significance of large numbers of microtubules within the follicle cells and of microvillar borders between the cells in late stage resorbing bodies is discussed.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 123
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 133 (1972), S. 82-102 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Schlagwort(e): Echinoidea ; Colour change ; Chromatophores ; Amoeboid movement ; Electron microscopy
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Zusammenfassung Für den physiologischen Farbwechsel bei Vertebraten und Evertebraten gilt die Vorstellung, daß eine Pigmentbewegung innerhalb einer formkonstanten Zelle stattfindet. Am Seeigel Centrostephanus longispinus wird nun der Nachweis einer amoeboiden Bewegung von Pigmentzellen geführt: Die Epidermis von Centrostephanus enthält große braune Chromatophoren, die bei Belichtung eine Pigmentdispersion, bei Verdunkelung eine Konzentration des Pigments zeigen. Die Chromatophoren sind außerordentlich stark verzweigte Zellen, deren Arme dicht mit Pigmentgrana erfüllt sind. Im geballten Zustand ist die allgemeine Zellform mehr oder weniger ovoid, wobei die Zellarme eingezogen und dicht um die Zellmitte angeordnet sind. Dispersion des Pigments wird hervorgerufen durch Ausstrecken der pigmentierten Zellarme in den Interzellularraum des umgebenden Gewebes. Innerhalb der Zelle werden filamentöse Elemente nachgewiesen, die vermutlich für die Zellbeweglichkeit verantwortlich sind. — Ferner wird der zelluläre Aufbau des Integuments beschrieben.
    Notizen: Summary Rapid colour changes in vertebrate and invertebrate species are considered to be due to movement of pigment granules within pigment cells of constant shape. Evidence is presented in this study to show that an amoeboid movement of chromatophores occurs in the epidermis of the Echinoderm Centrostephanus longispinus. The epidermis in this species contains large brown chromatophores, which display a dispersion of pigment on illumination and its concentration on darkening. The chromatophores are extensively branched cells, and their branches are densely packed with pigment granules. In the state of pigment concentration, the shape of the cell is more or less ovoid, and the cell branches are drawn in and closely arranged around the cell centre. Dispersion is attained by a stretching out of the pigmented cell branches into the intercellular spaces of the surrounding tissue. Within the cell, filamentous elements, which may be functional in the motility of the pigment cell, can be demonstrated.—Additionally the cellular composition of the integument is described.
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  • 124
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 133 (1972), S. 163-179 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Schlagwort(e): Excretory organ ; Ileum ; Blatella germanica ; Ultrastructure ; Microprobe analysis
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Résumé L'iléon de Blatella germanica est un important segment d'accumulation minérale. Les nombreuses concrétions d'origine ergastoplasmique, contiennent du phosphore, du chlore, du calcium, du magnesium, du potassium et du fer dans un stroma glycoprotéique. La paroi de ce segment protodéal est constituée d'un type cellulaire unique caractérisé par la présence de feuillets apicaux et d'invaginations basales, différenciations membranaires décrites dans d'autres organes de transit, mais dont la coexistence constitue l'originalité de l'iléon. La signification physiologique de ce segment digestif est discutée.
    Notizen: Summary The ileum of Blatella germanica is an important proctodeal segment of mineral accumulation. The numerous concretions, elaborated by the ergastoplasm, contain P, Cl, Ca, Mg, K and Fe in a glycoproteic matrix. The epithelium of this segment is composed by only one type of cells which are characterized by apical leaflets and basal infoldings. These membraneous differenciations have been already described in other transit organs, but their coexistence is typical of the ileum. The physiological significance of this digestive segment is discussed.
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  • 125
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 135 (1972), S. 439-448 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Schlagwort(e): Neuromuscular junction ; Triturus ; Colchicine ; Axoplasmic flow ; Electron microscopy
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Summary Repeated injections of colchicine into the forearms of normal adult newts led to the disappearance of microtubules within some nerves and a concomitant loss of specialized morphological features at the neuromuscular junction. Within 2 weeks, the postsynaptic folds decreased in height and number, became flattened and eventually disappeared. In addition, nerve terminals in drug-treated animals became separated from the muscle surface and were highly congested with masses of synaptic vesicles. The present findings show that colchicine has an effect on the structural integrity of the neuromuscular junction. These effects could be direct; secondary to retraction of the nerve from the muscle surface; or the result of interference with the proper transport and/or release of neurotrophic substances.
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  • 126
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 135 (1972), S. 449-459 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Schlagwort(e): Insect brain ; Neurons ; Glia ; Electron microscopy
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Summary The fine structure of the neural sheath, glial cells and nerve cells in the brain of adult male houseflies is described. The neural sheath is composed of neural lamella and perineurium. The neural lamella consists of an external lamina and collagen-like fibrils which are embedded in an amorphous matrix. The perineurial cells form a continuous layer around the brain. On their inner surface, perineurial cells form junctional complexes with glial cell processes. A cortical cellular layer composed of neurons and glial cells surrounds the centrally located neuropil. Three types of glial cells are identified. Glial cells differ in size and in relative development and distribution of organelles. Thin processes of glioplasm completely surround the cell bodies of the neurons. Five types of neurons are described. Most of the neurons are monopolar, a few are bipolar.
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  • 127
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 135 (1972), S. 461-471 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Schlagwort(e): Centriole assembly ; Basal bodies ; Ciliogenesis ; Electron microscopy
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Summary Electron microscopy of 16 to 18 day old chick tracheas revealed that procentrioles are present near the basal ends of the recently matured centrioles and basal bodies of both ciliating and ciliated cells. Cylinders 0.1 μ in outside diameter in which densely staining walls and a central axial filament can often be detected, are present between the mature centrioles and these procentrioles. These cylinders although somewhat shorter are morphologically similar to those found earlier in the same cells in the center of procentriole clusters. So far, only one procentriole has been found in association with each cylinder and only one cylinder in association with each mature centriole or basal body. Procentrioles up to 0.18 μ in length including some with singlet microtubules in their walls have been detected. Serial sectioning indicated that in some cells up to 8% of the mature centrioles and basal bodies were associated with a cylinder and a distinct procentriole. If these procentrioles were to mature they could provide additional basal bodies for cilia after the initial wave of centriole assembly and maturation has been completed.
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  • 128
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 125 (1972), S. 88-107 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Schlagwort(e): Adenohypophysis ; Bufo bufo ; Cell differentiation ; Larval growth ; Electron microscopy
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Résumé Cinq types de cellules granulées se différencient au cours de la métamorphose dans la pars distalis de l'hypophyse du têtard de Crapaud. A la prémétamorphose apparaissent les deux types de cellules protidiques, les cellules glycoprotidiques de type II et des cellules glycoprotidiques d'un type intermédiaire. Cette dernière catégorie cellulaire disparaît au climax. A la prométamorphose se différencient les cellules glycoprotidiques de type IV. Au climax s'observent les cellules glycoprotidiques de type III. Les cellules glycoprotidiques de type II sont vraisemblablement responsables de la sécrétion de l'hormone thyréotrope (TSH). Il n'est pas encore possible de préciser la fonction des autres types cellulaires. Des fibres nerveuses ont pu être observées dans la pars distalis entre les cellules granulées.
    Notizen: Summary Five granulated cell types can be distinguished in the Toad's pars distalis during larval growth. During premetamorphosis the two types of protidic cells appear, the glycoprotein containing cells of type II and an intermediary cell type which disappears during the climax. During prometamorphosis the glycoprotein cells of type IV are apparent. During the climax the glycoprotein cells of type III can be observed. The glycoprotein containing cells of type II probably produce the thyroid-stimulating-hormone (TSH). The function of the other cell types can not be specified for the moment. Nervous fibers have been observed in the pars distalis between granulated cells.
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  • 129
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 133 (1972), S. 289-325 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Schlagwort(e): Nematosomes ; Neurons ; Substantia nigra ; Rat and Cat ; Ultrastructure
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Summary Distinctive cytoplasmic inclusions, termed nematosomes, have been identified in the neurons, but not in the glial cells of the substantia nigra in the rat and the cat. These organelles which lack a limiting membrane consist of an entanglement of more or less tightly packed microfilaments or filamentous strands. According to the tridimensional arrangement of their filamentous components, as well as to their size and boundary, the nematosomes usually display several structural types: (a) round or oval, dense, filamentous bodies; (b) reticular inclusions with or without excavated centers; (c) ill-defined small aggregates of fine filaments. At higher magnification, each microfilament or filamentous strand, whatever the type of nematosome, is itself composed of similar subunits, about 20 Å in diameter. It should be pointed out that the latter subunits may be fine deposits of heavy metal on structural components of nematosomes, which appear to be similar in every structure. The ultrastructural organization of a given nematosome may vary from one portion to another. The functional significance of such structural variations from one nematosome to another, and even within a given nematosome, could not be elucidated by means of our ultrastructural study, although additional cytochemical and radioautographic work may throw light on this problem. These cytoplasmic bodies are present in the perikaryon of most neurons and one or more inclusions are usually observed in the same nerve cell. They are infrequently seen in the dendritic or axonal processes. The nematosomes are closely associated with the other cytoplasmic organelles filling the ground substance of neurons by means of microfilaments projecting from their surface. These cytoplasmic inclusions are, however, most frequently linked to surrounding free ribosomes and rough ER profiles. The association of free ribosomes with excavated nematosomes, which in turn contain neurofilaments in their core, suggests that these structures consist, partly at least, of precursor material which is assembled into the structural proteins of the neurofilaments after being synthesized by the neighbouring ribosomes. No special relationship with the neurotubules has been noticed. Nematosomes have also been found in structural relationship with other organelles, i.e. the smooth tubules and vesicles, the Golgi apparatus, the coated vesicles, the lysosomes and the mitochondria. The nematosome may be also closely associated with the subsynaptic web of axosomatic synapses and these two cytoplasmic components display many structural similarities. In the light of these and previously reported observations, it would appear that nematosomes are not incidental cytoplasmic inclusions, but common organelles of certain types of neurons.
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  • 130
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 125 (1972), S. 143-175 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Schlagwort(e): Skin ; Cephalopods ; Chromatophores ; Ultrastructure
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Summary Rapid, physiological color changes seen in the skin of cephalopods are due to a unique anatomical system composed of chromatophore organs and iridophores. The morphology and ultrastructure of the chromatophores was studied in the squids Loligo pealii Lesueur and Loligo opalescens Berry. A three-dimensional model of a brown chromatophore was reconstructed from serial sections for the electron microscope. The chromatophore organ is composed of a central nucleated pigment cell, 10–30 obliquely striated muscle cells (radially arranged on the equator of the pigment cell), axons, Schwann cells, and sheath cells. The pigment cell consists of a central aggregation of pigment granules and surrounding peripheral cytoplasmic compartments. These regions are incompletely separated by an electron-dense, sac-like structure, the pigment container. Proximal portions of a muscle cell contact the pigment cell in regions called myo-chromatophore junctions. Neuromuscular and myo-muscular junctions are also present. The results presented are discussed in terms of previous morphological and physiological studies of chromatophores.
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  • 131
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 125 (1972), S. 176-190 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Schlagwort(e): Skin ; Cephalopods ; Iridophores ; Ultrastructure
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Summary Two populations of iridophores are responsible for the iridescent color of the squids Loligo pealii and Loligo opalescens. The superficial group, the short iridophores, underlie the chromatophores and are associated with muscle cells of the skin. The long iridophores, a deeper-lying group, are arranged in a dense sheet. The ultrastructure of iridophores was described, including iridosomes, iridosomal platelets and iridosomal tubules. The observations were discussed in terms of adaptive coloration in these animals.
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  • 132
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 125 (1972), S. 210-228 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Schlagwort(e): Regio olfactoria ; Teleosts ; Anguilla anguilla ; Ultrastructure ; 3 Different receptor types
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Zusammenfassung Das Flimmerepithel von Anguilla anguilla besteht aus 4 Zellarten: Flimmerzellen, Stützzellen, Basalzellen und Schleimbecherzellen. Flimmerzellen enthalten im oberen Zelldrittel zahlreiche Mitochondrien und tragen an ihrer Oberfläche bis zu 140 Kinocilien. Die Basalkörper dieser Kinocilien haben lange Wurzelfilamente, von denen ein Teil ins Zellinnere zieht; der andere Teil verläuft parallel zur Oberfläche und verbindet benachbarte Basalapparate. — Ein Übergangsepithel verknüpft das Flimmerepithel mit dem Riechepithel. Im Riechepithel finden sich außer den Zellarten des Flimmerepithels die Rezeptoren. Bei einheitlichem Aufbau des Zellkörpers lassen sich aufgrund rein morphologischer Unterschiede der Vesiculae olfactoriae 3 Rezeptortypen unterscheiden: 1. Cilien-Rezeptor, 2. Mikrovilli-Rezeptor und 3. „Pfriem“-Rezeptor. — Der Cilien-Rezeptor trägt unterhalb der Vesicula olfactoria in einer Einschnürung 4–8 sensorische Cilien, die alle auf gleicher Höhe entspringen. Zwei gegenüberliegende sensorische Cilien schließen einen konstanten Winkel von 60° ein. — Der Mikrovilli-Rezeptor trägt auf seiner abgerundeten Vesicula olfactoria 30 bis 60 Mikrovilli von 0,1 μm Dicke und bis zu 5 μm Länge. Der Mikrovillus wird von einem zentralen, 160 Å weiten, Tubulus durchzogen. Unterhalb der Vesicula olfactoria liegen mehrere Centriolen. Die Rezeptornatur dieser Zellen wird durch ein Axon unterstrichen. — Der „Pfriem“-Rezeptor besitzt eine 0,8 μm breite und bis zu 4 μm lange Vesicula olfactoria ohne sensorische Cilien und ohne Mikrovilli. Im Lumen der Vesicula olfactoria befinden sich neben Neurotubuli auch Fibrillen von 40–50 Å Durchmesser, die gebündelt auftreten. An der Basis des Köpfchens liegen mehrere Centriolen.
    Notizen: Summary The ciliary and olfactory epithelia of the olfactory folds in Anguilla anguilla were studied with the electron microscope. The ciliary epithelium is composed of ciliary cells, supporting cells, basal cells, and mucous cells. The ciliary cells contain numerous mitochondria in their apical portion and bear up to 140 cilia. The ciliary basal bodies have rootlets, some of which project towards the central part of the cell, and others parallel to the cell surface thereby connecting neighbouring basal bodies. A transitional epithelium is located between the ciliary and olfactory epithelia. The olfactory epithelium is composed of the same 4 cell types of the ciliary epithelium and besides contains three morphologically different receptor cell types: ciliary receptor cells, microvillous receptor cells, and receptors with a single rodshaped free appendage. The ciliary receptors have 4 to 8 “sensory” cilia which project from below the vesicula olfactoria, each forming a constant angle of about 30° with the vertical cell axis. The vesicula olfactoria of the microvillous receptors bears from 30 to 60 microvilli, each of 0.1 μm diameter and up to 5 μm length. Each microvillus of this receptor type contains a central tubulus of 160 Å diameter. Few centrioles are located closely to the vesicula olfactoria. The third receptor type, which has neither cilia nor microvilli, is characterised by a single rod-shaped appendage of 0.8 μm diameter which projects up to 4 μm above the epithelial surface. This appendage contains neurotubules and fibril bundles; some centrioles lie close to the base of the appendage.
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  • 133
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 125 (1972), S. 277-288 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Schlagwort(e): Neurohypophysis ; Rat ; Exocytosis ; Freeze-etching ; Ultrastructure
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Summary Neural lobes of rats subjected to severe acute haemorrhage under sodium pentobarbitone anaesthesia were examined electron microscopically and the ultrastructure compared with that in anaesthetised and unanaesthetised controls. Changes in the localisation and numerical distribution of elementary granules and small vesicles in the neurohypophysial nerve endings of bled rats were consistent with the occurrence of exocytosis. The occurrence of “exocytotic profiles” was observed more frequently in freeze-etched tissue samples as compared with the material fixed for conventional electron microscopy. The ratio of small vesicles: elementary granules was shown to be significantly increased (P〈0.005) in the nerve endings of neural lobes from bled rats. Equally, the numbers of exocytotic profiles related to 1000 μm2 of neurohypophysial tissue area were significantly greater (P〈0.005) in bled rats.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 134
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 125 (1972), S. 252-276 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Schlagwort(e): Amnion-Umbilical-cord-Skin ; Sheep ; Differentiation of the epithelia ; Ultrastructure
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Zusammenfassung Die Ektoblastderivate Amnion-, Nabelstrang- und Hautepithel von 14 Schaffeten zwischen 1,1 und 44 cm SSL wurden elektronenmikroskopisch untersucht. Das Amnionepithel ähnelt dem anderer Säuger; die tonofibrillenreichen Zellen sind mit Mikrovilli besetzt, seitlich sind sie stark miteinander verzapft. Das Schlußleistennetz bleibt bis zur Geburt erhalten. Der Golgiapparat ist kräftig entwickelt. Glatte Mikropinozytosevesikel von 600–800 Å Ø am basalen und seitlichen Plasmalemm werden mit fortschreitender Entwicklung zahlreicher. Größere Vakuolen fehlen. Das Nabelstrangepithel bleibt im Gegensatz zu anderen Spezies ein geringfügig modifiziertes Amnionepithel ohne eigene Differenzierung. In der zweiten Trächtigkeitshälfte sind die Interzellularräume durchschnittlich weiter als im peripheren Amnionepithel. Mikropinozytosebläschen kommen auch an apikalen Mikrovilli vor. Die Epidermis ist schon im einschichtigen Stadium nicht amnionähnlich, die apikalen Mikrovilli sind wesentlich spärlicher und kürzer, die Interzellularräume sind oft einfacher geformt, basal finden sich bereits Hemidesmosomen. Bei größeren Feten werden die Interzellularräume sehr eng, die Mikrovilli stehen in Gruppen. Weder in den glykogenbeladenen Peridermzellen noch in den Basalzellen sind Pinozytosevesikel, Fruchtwasservakuolen oder andere Indizien für einen Fruchtwassertransport zu finden.
    Notizen: Summary The ultrastructure of the derivates of the ectoblast, the epithelia of the amnion, umbilical cord and skin has been studied in fetal sheep ranging from 1.1 to 44 cm CRL. The amniotic epithelium is similar to that of other mammals. The cells are rich in tonofilaments, they carry microvilli and are interdigitated with one another. Terminal bars are retained until birth. The Golgi apparatus is well developed. Smooth micropinocytotic vesicles with a diameter of 600–800 Å on the basal and intercellular cell membranes become more numerous with progressing development. Larger vacuoles are missing. The epithelium of the umbilical cord, contrary to that of other species, remains a slightly modified amniotic epithelium without special differentiation. The intercellular spaces are on the average wider in the second half of pregnancy than those in the peripheral amniotic epithelium. Micropinocytotic vesicles occur also on the apical microvilli. In the single layer stage the epidermis is dissimilar to that of the amniotic epithelium. The apical microvilli are far less numerous and shorter, the intercellular spaces are often of a more simple structure. Hemidesmosomes occur in the basal cell membrane. Later the intercellular spaces become very narrow, the microvilli are present in clusters. Pinocytotic vesicles, amniotic fluid vacuoles or other indications of amniotic fluid transport are to be found neither in the glycogen-rich peridermal cells, nor in the basal cells.
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  • 135
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 125 (1972), S. 289-294 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Schlagwort(e): Accessory optic system ; Rat ; Blood vessels ; Extracellular space ; Electron microscopy
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Summary Two types of capillaries were found in the medial terminal nucleus of the rat accessory optic system. Type one capillaries are surrounded by glial processes and lack a perivascular space, whereas the type two capillaries and arterioles show a distinct extracellular perivascular space often filled with collagen fibrils. An internal as well as an external basal lamina lines these spaces. No fenestration of the endothelium was observed.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 136
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 125 (1972), S. 415-431 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Schlagwort(e): Synapses ; Rat ; Cerebral cortex ; Glutaraldehyde/E-PTA ; Electron microscopy
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Summary Synaptic junctions in intact rat cerebral cortex have been examined following glutaraldehyde fixation and phosphotungstic acid (PTA) staining. In the presynaptic ending the network has a hexagonal arrangement, while the dense projections are regularly placed along the presynaptic membrane. Cleft densities occupy the intracleft region. The postsynaptic thickening extends uninterrupted along the length of the junction. Qualitatively, the majority of junctions fall into the ‘discontinuous-continuous’ category, in which the internal coat of the presynaptic membrane together with its associated dense projections is discontinuous along the length of the junction, whereas the postsynaptic thickening is continuous. By contrast, a small number of junctions are ‘continuous-continuous’. In an attempt to analyze the junctions quantitatively, nine indices were measured. Histograms of the size distributions of seven of these appear to be bimodal, and from this it is concluded that two junction populations may be distinguishable on quantitative grounds. It is also shown that the distance separating dense projections at the presynaptic membrane is of the order of 10–15 nm. This surprisingly low value has consequences for current ideas on the relationship between synaptic vesicles and dense projections, and these are discussed at length.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 137
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 125 (1972), S. 404-414 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Schlagwort(e): Renal medulla ; Rat ; Interstitial ground substance ; Fixation ; Electron microscopy
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Zusammenfassung Das Interstitium des inneren Nierenmarkes von Ratten wurde nach Anwendung verschiedener Fixierungsarten und Versuchsanordnungen elektronenmikroskopisch untersucht. Neben Bindegewebszellen und kollagenen Fibrillen enthält der interstitielle Raum bandförmige, basalmembranartige Strukturen, in deren weiträumigen Maschen zwei weitere Komponenten, nämlich ein feingranuläres und feinfilamentäres Material sowie kontrastreiche, globuläre Partikel liegen. Diese beiden Formelemente stellen sich bei den verschiedenen Fixierungsarten und Versuchsanordnungen unterschiedlich dar. Bei der feingranulären und feinfilamentären Komponente handelt es sich wahrscheinlich um interstitielles Blutplasma. Diese Deutung wird gestützt durch die morphologische Ähnlichkeit mit dem Blutplasma der Blutgefäße, die unterschiedliche Darstellbarkeit nach Glutardialdehyd-und Formalinfixierung sowie durch die Befunde nach Gefäßperfusion und Nierenvenenstauung. Das Verhalten der globulären Partikel nach OsO4-Einwirkung steht in Einklang mit der schon früher gegebenen Interpretation als präzipitierte saure Mukopolysaccharide. Ihr elektronenoptisches Bild wird im Vergleich zur bekannten makromolekularen Struktur der Mukopolysaccharid-Protein-Moleküle diskutiert.
    Notizen: Summary The interstitial ground substance in the inner medulla of the rat kidney is examined electron microscopically after fixation with various fixation agents and under different experimental conditions. The papillary interstitium contains besides interstitial cells and few collagen fibrils basement membrane like material and two other components, fine granular-fibrillar elements and globular particles with heavy contrast. The appearance of the two latter interstitial components varies according to the different fixation agents used and to the experimental conditions. The fine granular and fine fibrillar material surrounds the globular particles numerously after glutardialdehyde-fixation but scarcely after formaldehyde-fixation. It increases after renal vein occlusion, but is diminished or absent, if the kidney is rinsed bloodfree. These results allow to conclude that this material represents interstitial bloodplasma. The behaviour of the globular particles after OsO4-fixation agrees well with the earlier interpretation according to which they represent precipitated acid mucopolysaccharides. Their electron microscopic appearance is discussed in comparison with the known macromolecular structure of the acid mucopolysaccharides.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 138
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 125 (1972), S. 432-447 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Schlagwort(e): Synaptosomes ; Synapses ; Rat ; Cerebral cortex ; Glutaraldehyde/E-PTA
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Summary Working with glutaraldehyde fixed, PTA stained rat cerebral cortex, the authors compared the ultrastructural features of synaptosomes with those of intact synaptic junctions. In general there is close correspondence between the two, although the cleft densities and postsynaptic focal densities of synaptosomes show a greater degree of focalization than their counterparts in synaptic junctions. The dense projections have similar profiles in both preparations, but are more difficult to distinguish clearly in synaptosomes on account of the closer packing of the presynaptic network around their apices. The limiting membrane of the presynaptic terminal is usually visible in synaptosomes, but not in synaptic junctions. Comparing the preparations quantitatively reinforces the qualitative findings, and points to their overall similarity. However a number of the indices in synaptosomes are significantly smaller than the corresponding ones in synaptic junctions, and this points to the operation of a shrinkage factor during fractionation procedures. This is confined to the pre- and post-synaptic components and does not affect the intervening contact region. Histograms of the size distributions of the indices are similar to those obtained for intact synaptic junctions, the majority displaying two peaks. It is concluded that synaptosomes accurately reproduce the major ultrastructural features of synaptic junctions.
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  • 139
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 125 (1972), S. 497-505 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Schlagwort(e): Chromatoid bodies ; Spermatozoa ; Cat ; Jensen's ring ; Centriole ; Electron microscopy
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Summary The first indication of differentiation of the Jensen's ring has been detected in an early stage of spermiogenesis of Felis catus Linné when the pair of centrioles takes up a position immediately beneath the plasma membrane. The chromatoid bodies appear in the early spermatid cytoplasm through the nuclear pore complex. In a more advanced stage, such bodies have been found in association with the striated columns, the distal centriole or the proximal part of flagellum and the Jensen's ring. As the spermiogenesis proceeds, the bodies have decreased their size and density, and finally disappear in mature spermatozoa. The chromatoid bodies seem, therefore, to share with the centriole the capacity to form the connecting piece. As a consequence of disorganization of triplet microtubules of the centriole, a noticeable material appears in the center of lumen of the centriole to be identifiable as a distinct precursor of the central pair of axonemal complex. Microtubules are first developed as the sheath of principal piece of the sperm flagellum, originating from the plasma membrane surrounding the axonemal complex.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 140
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 125 (1972), S. 480-496 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Schlagwort(e): Adrenal cortex ; Rat ; Normal ; Hypophysectomy ; Structural alteration
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Summary The adrenal cortex of normal and hypophysectomized rats was observed by electron microscopy 5–90 days after the operation and, chiefly, the degeneration mechanism of the cortical tissue was discussed. In normal rats mitochondrial inner structures are generally tubular in shape in glomerulosa cells, vesicular (and tubulo-vesicular) in fasciculate cells and tubulo-vesicular (and vesicular) in reticularis cells. Some mitochondria in a few glomerulosa cells show long straight tubular crests in normal as well as hypophysectomized rats. Usually lipid droplets in normal glomerulosa, fasciculate and reticularis cells are surrounded by elements of smooth endoplasmic reticulum, which are very closely associated with mitochondria. About 10–25 days after hypophysectomy, most mitochondria in fasciculate and reticularis cells show tubular crests, and numerous electron lucent lipid droplets are accumulated in these cells. These droplets occupy most parts of the cytoplasm and are sometimes in contact with one another or with mitochondria. The elements of smooth endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi apparatus are markedly reduced in number and size. About 10–90 days after the hypophysectomy, the degenerative cortical cells containing irregularly shaped nuclei, heterogeneously dense bodies in various sizes, and a large number of electron lucent lipid droplets are seen. The author speculates that most fasciculate and reticularis cells degenerate because of a disorder in the lipid metabolism, since ACTH release, which is necessary for synthesis of corticosteroid hormones from cholesterol, is absent in hypophysectomy. The fatty degeneration of the fasciculate and reticularis cells is considered to be a main cause for attenuation of the cortical tissue. Sometimes atrophied cortical cells without lipid droplets are also found 60–90 days after hypophysectomy.
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  • 141
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 125 (1972), S. 506-531 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Schlagwort(e): Hypophyse ; Quail ; Thyroidectomy ; Castration ; Ultrastructure
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Résumé On compare l'ultrastructure et la localisation des phosphatases acides au niveau des cellules hypophysaires delta et beta, chez des Cailles mâles thyroïdectomisées et maintenues en photopériode courte ou bien castrées, puis placées en photopériode longue. On étudie en outre, dans ces deux cas, les effets d'injections de doses croissantes de thyroxine. La thyroïdectomie provoque la transformation des cellules delta en cellules de thyroïdectomie groupées en îlots à la périphérie du lobe céphalique. Ces cellules sont pauvres en phosphatases acides. La thyroxine (10 μg/j pendant 2 jours) provoque la régression de ces cellules et l'apparition de lysosomes. Les cellules beta ne sont pas modifiées par la thyroïdectomie. La castration-photostimulation stimule les cellules beta localisées dans le lobe céphalique. Elle provoque dans les deux lobes de la glande l'hypertrophie et la vacuolisation des cellules delta qui se distinguent des cellules de thyroïdectomie par la présence de nombreux lysosomes. La thyroxine freine simultanément l'activation des cellules delta et des cellules beta, en provoquant la formation de lysosomes, mais la dose efficace chez le mâle photostimulé (20 μg et 60 μg/j pendant 5 jours) est sans effet chez le castrat photostimulé (dose efficace 180 μg/j). Pour interpréter ces faits, on admet que les cellules delta, thyréotropes et les cellules beta, gonadotropes, seraient simultanément soumises à un contrôle freinateur des hormones thyroïdiennes et des stéroïdes mâles.
    Notizen: Summary The ultrastructure and the localization of acid-phosphatase activity are compared in beta and delta pituitary cells of male Japanese quail, either thyroidectomized and maintained in short days, or castrated then put in long days. Moreover, in these two cases, the effects of brief treatments with increasing doses of thyroxine are studied. Thyroidectomy induces transformation of delta cells into “thyroidectomy cells” arranged in clumps at the periphery of the cephalic lobe. The acid-phosphatase activity of such cells is low. Thyroxine (10 μg per day for two days) causes regression of these cells and the appearance of numerous lysosomes. Beta cells are not modified by thyroidectomy. Castration and exposure to long days stimulate beta cells, localized in the cephalic lobe. It induces, also, in both pituitary lobes, hypertrophy and vacuolization of delta cells which differ from thyroidectomy cells by the presence of numerous lysosomes. Thyroxine in photostimulated quail inhibits both delta- and beta-cell stimulation and increases the frequency of lysosomes but the effective doses on males (20 μg or 60 μg per day for five days) are inactive on castrates, the response of which is obtained with 180 μg per day. In order to explain these data, a hypothesis is suggested: Thyrotropic delta cells and gonadotropic beta cells are both subject to a double inhibiting control by thyroid hormones and male steroids.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 142
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 123 (1972), S. 486-495 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Schlagwort(e): Pomatoceros triqueter ; Cytokinesis ; Surface folding ; New surface membrane ; Ultrastructure
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Summary The first cleavage division of Pomatoceros triqueter eggs is described. Time-lapse microcinematographic and electron microscopic studies revealed that, prior to division, the plasma membrane was folded into pleats. These were not present after division. This fact pointed to an unfolding of the plasma membrane which enabled it to cover the increased surface area resulting from cleavage. It is suggested that the pre-cleavage folds are derived from the membranes of the cortical granules, which continue releasing their contents into the perivitelline region following fertilization and first division. Filamentous material in the form of a band was present subjacent to the plasma membrane in the region of the furrow. The individual filaments of this band measure 5 to 7 nm in cross section, the dimensions being similar to those described for other kinds of dividing cells.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 143
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 124 (1972), S. 1-11 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Schlagwort(e): Spermiogenesis ; Rat ; Spermatids ; Manchette ; Microtubules
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Summary The manchette or caudal tube has been examined in Stage 14 rat spermatids. The microtubules of the caudal tube have been found to be partially sheathed by smooth endoplasmic reticulum which appears to be continuous with the outer nuclear membrane of the redundant nuclear envelope. The microtubules in caudal regions of the manchette have been noted to be interconnected by links of unusual size and morphology. It is suggested that the caudal tube consists at this stage of development of two structures, membrane and microtubules and that the links between the microtubules appear to play a role in the structural order noted in the position of the tubules of the manchette. The possible significance of these links in relation to motility is discussed.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 144
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 124 (1972), S. 39-43 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Schlagwort(e): Ruminal epithelium ; Zonulae occludentes ; Goat ; Ultrastructure
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Zusammenfassung Das Pansenepithel besitzt in den tiefen Hornzellen, die an das Stratum granulosum grenzen, eine Barriere. Diese Barriere, die das Labyrinth der Interzellularräume gegen das Pansenlumen verschließt, ist mit Zonulae occludentes ausgestattet.
    Notizen: Summary The deep horn cells of the goat ruminal epithelium, which border the stratum granulosum, form an important component of the epithelial barrier. This barrier of the intercellular labyrinth presents zonulae occludentes (tight junctions).
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 145
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 124 (1972), S. 72-75 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Schlagwort(e): Erythrocytes ; Monkeys ; Malaria ; Junctional apparatus ; Electron microscopy
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Summary Electron microscopy of erythrocytes infected by the malarial parasite,Plasmodium falciparum, revealed electron dense, cone-shaped excrescences (∼40 mμ in height and ∼100 mμ in width) along the plasma membrane. These excrescences form focal junctions with the plasma membrane of reticular cells of the spleen. The resulting complexes appear to be responsible for sequestration of erythrocytes infected byP. falciparum in the spleen of the host.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 146
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 124 (1972), S. 72-75 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Schlagwort(e): Erythrocytes ; Monkeys ; Malaria ; Junctional apparatus ; Electron microscopy
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Summary Electron microscopy of erythrocytes infected by the malarial parasite, Plasmodium falciparum, revealed electron dense, cone-shaped excrescences (∼40 mμ in height and ∼100 mμ in width) along the plasma membrane. These excrescences form focal junctions with the plasma membrane of reticular cells of the spleen. The resulting complexes appear to be responsible for sequestration of erythrocytes infected by P. falciparum in the spleen of the host.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 147
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Schlagwort(e): Carotid body ; Biogenic amines ; Reserpine ; p-Chlorophenylalanine-methylester-hydrochloride ; Fluorescence microscopy ; Electron microscopy
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Zusammenfassung Der Einfluß von p-Chlorphenylalanin-methylester-hydrochlorid (PCPA) und Reserpin auf die biogenen Amine des Glomus caroticum von Kaninchen wurde ultrastrukturell und fluoreszenzmikroskopisch untersucht. Die elektronenmikroskopische Analyse ergab keine eindeutigen Kriterien für arzneimittelinduzierte Veränderungen. Fluoreszenzmikroskopisch ließ sich nach Applikation von Reserpin eine ausgeprägte Senkung des Catecholamin- und Indolamin-Gehaltes und nach PCPA eine Abnahme des Serotonins erkennen.
    Notizen: Summary The effects of p-chlorophenylalanine-methylester-hydrochloride (PCPA) and reserpine on biogenic amines of the rabbit carotid body were investigated ultrastructurally and by fluorescence microscopy. The electron microscopic analysis did not indicate significantly that structural changes result from treatment with reserpine or PCPA. Fluorescence microscopy indicated that PCPA lowered serotonin, and reserpine lowered both catecholamines and indolamines.
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  • 148
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 124 (1972), S. 311-319 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Schlagwort(e): Median eminence ; Rat ; Neurovascular contacts ; Ultrastructure
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Summary In the median eminence of the rat axons of the supraoptic-paraventricular-hypophyseal tract with elementary neurosecretory granules (150–200 mμ) traverse the internal zone. Terminals containing dense core vesicles 60–120 mμ in diameter end on the portal capillaries of the median eminence. A unique organisation of the primary portal capillaries is shown. Endothelial cells have many fenestrae. The pericapillary space has numerous extensions all of which represent a special zone around the endothelial tube. The fine structural organisation and function of the neurovascular contacts in the median eminence are discussed.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 149
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 124 (1972), S. 387-405 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Schlagwort(e): Adenohypophysis ; Mouse ; Follicular cells ; Marginal cells ; Electron microscopy
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Summary Follicular cells in the mouse adenohypophysis were studied electron microscopically. These elements appear to be very similar to the marginal cells that delineate both sides of the hypophyseal cleft. The mouse differs from most other species in that the follicular cells in the pars distalis and the marginal cells look completely inactive in young, intact animals. This makes the mouse exceptionally favorable for correlating morphological changes in the cells of both types with changes in the physiological state of the animal. Different treatments applied in the present investigation all induced morphological reactions in the follicular and/or marginal cells; these reactions were generally similar. Thus, morphological changes in the follicular or marginal cells should be considered as general phenomena accompanying many changes in the physiological state of the animal, rather than as a specific result of the treatment applied. In three experiments, the follicular and marginal cells were involved in the digestion of waste material from other cells. It is suggested that the morphological changes in the other experiments should also be interpreted as signs of such an activity. In the pars tuberalis of the young, intact mouse the follicular cells may show characteristics that in the pars distalis are found only under experimental conditions. Therefore, the follicular cells in this part of the hypophysis are probably in an active state.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 150
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 124 (1972), S. 520-531 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Schlagwort(e): Mitochondria ; Cytomembranes ; Oocyte ; Pig ; Ultrastructure
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Summary An ultrastructural study of the mature follicular oocytes in domestic pig demonstrate a morphological relationship between the mitochondria and the cytoplasmic membranes immediately surrounding the yolk globules of the cells. Frequently, the cytoplasmic membranes are observed to be in close proximity of the mitochondria or are found to be continuous with the outer mitochondrial membrane. Sometimes the cytoplasmic membranes are found to display the formation of one or more oval loops of different diameter located at their presumed ends or free in the nearby cytoplasm. The significance of these observations is discussed in the light of the available informations, which suggest that the cytomembrane system in certain phases of development may take part in the formation of mitochondria.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 151
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 126 (1972), S. 41-52 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Schlagwort(e): Pituitary ; Rat ; Oestradiol influence ; STH-cells ; Leucine incorporation
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Summary Pituitaries of male and female rats neonatally treated with oestradiol dipropionate were examined with light and electron microscopy, disc electrophoresis and in vitro C14-leucine incorporation. Single dose of oestradiol administered shortly after birth to male rats has an prolonged stimulative effect on LTH synthesis and release. This is expressed in the cell hypertrophy, proliferation of ER, increase of corresponding band density and higher rate of 14C-leucine incorporation. In females this effect was less pronounced. STH cell in the treated male pituitaries were degranulated, corresponding hormone band density significantly lowered and incorporation of 14C-leucine was reduced. This could be considered as an inhibitory effect of oestradiol on STH synthesis and release. Such effect was more expressed two than four months after treatment and is more pronounced in male than in female rats.
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  • 152
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 126 (1972), S. 1-16 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Schlagwort(e): Oocyte ; Rana pipiens ; Ultrastructure ; Cytochemistry ; Enzymes
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Summary In early diplotene frog oocytes incubated to illustrate thiamine pyrophosphatase (TPPase) activity, reaction product is uniformly distributed within the compartments of the endoplasmic reticulum and nuclear envelope as well as within the saccules and small vesicles comprising the dictyosomes. With continued oocyte development the reaction product becomes concentrated in localized regions of the dictyosome saccules. Eventually, the enzyme is no longer apparent within the endoplasmic reticulum, but is concentrated in the cisternae of the inner dictyosome saccules. The variations noted suggest that the enzyme is synthesized early in diplotene by the endoplasmic reticulum and is subsequently transported to the Golgi apparatus where it is consistently observed at later developmental stages. TPPase activity is also present in the Golgi apparatus of follicle and theca cells as well as in ovarian epithelial cells. The enzyme is also detected in micropinocytotic vesicles contained within the cells comprising the follicle envelope and in intercellular spaces of the follicle. Horseradish peroxidase injected into the coelomic cavity is transported via micropinocytotic vesicles into and through the cells comprising the follicle envelope and in intercellular spaces. The exogenous protein is not found even after a prolonged time period in early diplotene oocytes. The protein is, however, present in large spherical and “tubular” vesicles in the cortex of vitellogenic oocytes approximately 500 microns in diameter. The possible functional role of the enzyme TPPase during oogenesis is discussed.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 153
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Schlagwort(e): Epithelial cells ; Echinoderm ; Asterina gibbosa ; Regeneration ; Ultrastructure
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Résumé L'évolution ultrastructurale de la cellule neuroépithéliale a été faite, chez Asterina gibbosa, au cours de la régénération du bras. La dédifférenciation de la cellule, provoquée par l'amputation, se manifeste par la perte de sa partie apicale et la régression des structures cytoplasmiques: vésiculisation du Golgi et de l'ergastoplasme, fragmentation des microtubules. L'activation qui accompagne la dédifférenciation, se manifeste par la formation d'un nucléole au centre du noyau. Elle correspond à la reprise des synthèses d'ARN. La cellule dédifférenciée est caractérisée par un nucléole excentré et l'abondance des ribosomes libres. La différenciation débute par le regroupement en rosettes des ribosomes et le développement des canalicules ergastoplasmiques. Le Golgi réapparaît au voisinage du noyau. Les mitochondries se disposent aux pôles basal et apical de la cellule, où les microtubules se reconstitutent. En fin de différenciation, les cellules se réorganisent pour édifier un épithélium cicatriciel limité par une basale. Le tissu épidermique se différencie à partir des éléments de même origine sans l'intervention de cellules souches.
    Notizen: Summary The ultrastructural differentiation of the neuroepithelial cell in the course of regeneration in Asterina gibbosa has been investigated up. Cell differentiation, induced by cutting the arm off, is characterized by loss of the apical cell pole and alteration of cytoplasmic structures: vesiculation of the Golgi apparatus and the ergastoplasm, fragmentation of microtubules. Activation, which parallels dedifferentiation, induces the appearance of a nucleolus in the center of the nucleus. This means that RNA synthesis is starting again. A dedifferentiated cell shows an eccentric nucleolus and many free ribosomes. Differentiation beginning, clusters of ribosomes and the development of tubular ergastoplasmic formations can be observed. The Golgi apparatus is located near the nucleus. Mitochondria gather at basal and apical part of the cell, where also microtubules are forming again. In the last stage of differentiation, cells are joining up and build a scar epithelium resting on a basement membrane. Epidermic tissue differentiates only from epidermic cells. Blast cells have no part in this process.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 154
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 126 (1972), S. 421-430 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Schlagwort(e): Adrenal cortex ; Rat ; Growth ; Sex-dimorphism ; Autoradiography
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Zusammenfassung Anhand des Verlaufs des 3H-Index und der Mitoserate in Anhängigkeit vom Lebensalter wurde die Proliferationsaktivität in den Zonen der Nebennierenrinde untersucht. 84 SPF-Ratten erhielten 2 μCi/g 3H-Thymidin i.p.; der Untersuchungszeitraum erstreckte sich vom 18. Trächtigkeitstag bis zur 12. Lebenswoche. Alle Zonen zeigten in der Rangfolge Glomerulosa — Fasciculata — Reticularis eine Abnahme DNS-synthetisierender Zellkerne. Geschlechtsspezifische Unterschiede im Ausmaß der Proliferationsaktivität konnten zu keiner Zeit nachgewiesen werden. Aus der Dissoziation der Kurven des 3H-Index und der Mitoserate bei vergleichbaren DNS-Syntheseraten wird auf eine Änderung der G2-Phase des Generationszyklus der NNR-Zellen in der teilexponentiellen Wachstumsphase geschlossen.
    Notizen: Summary In 84 SPF-rats the poliferative activity of the adrenal cortical cells was studied from the 18th day of pregnancy up to 12 weeks post partum. Rats were given 2 μC/g tritiated thymidine and killed 1 hour thereafter. It was shown that there was no sex-related difference in the degree of proliferation that could explain the sexual dimorphism in adrenal weights. In all cortical zones a decrease in the number of labeled cells was seen during the obvservation period. The highest percentage of labeled cells was found in the glomerulosa. There exists no parallelism of the mitotic and labeling index, which gives evidence for a change in length of the G2-phase of the cell generation cycle.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 155
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 126 (1972), S. 446-453 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Schlagwort(e): Eye ; Manduca sexta ; Ommatidia ; Retinula ; Ultrastructure
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Summary The superposition eye of the sphingid moth, Manduca sexta was explored by means of the scanning electron microscope (SEM). Specifically examined were the corneal nipple array, corneal lens, crystalline cones and tracts, photoreceptor cells and their axons. Descriptions of the external ultrastructure of the components were correlated, where possible with previously published accounts of internal ultrastructure as obtained from TEM studies. A key finding was the demonstration of the axial rotation of the eccentrically situated retinular cell, its externally noted prominence and the arrangement of the other photoreceptor cells composing the retinula. Because of the interest in superposition eye theory, the functional significance of various preretinular optic components was reviewed where it specifically related to Manduca.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 156
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 127 (1972), S. 149-174 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Schlagwort(e): Ependyma ; Tanycytes ; Subependyma ; Rodents ; Electron microscopy
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Summary Electron microscopic data confirm the results gained with rapid Golgi preparations of adult rodent brains that tanycytes occur in clusters along the lateral wall of the third ventricle. The cytoplasmic matrix of these cells is considerably denser than that of typical ependymal cells. They have filaments and microtubules throughout their cytoplasm along with mitochondria and polysomes. At the surface is a compact group of microvilli which suggest that tanycytes might selectively absorb material from the ventricle. The tanycytes are segregated from neuropil by other tanycyte processes, by neighboring ependymal cells and by astrocytes. Yet there are gaps in this sheath. At these points tanycytes either abut upon or surround nonglial components of the neural fabric. Their cytological features and relations with the neuropil suggest that tanycytes selectively absorb material from the ventricle and release it along the basal process, primarily affecting those segments of neurons immediately adjacent to the tanycyte.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 157
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 127 (1972), S. 323-346 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Schlagwort(e): Thymus ; Frog ; Development ; Ultrastructure
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Summary A study of the ultrastructure of the developing thymus of the leopard frog (Rana pipiens) revealed that the thymus had undergone all of the major changes which would persist through larval life and metamorphosis by the time that the animals had reached larval stage IV of Taylor and Kollros (1946). These changes included development of an outer, lymphoid cortical region and an inner, essentially nonlymphoid medulla; mitotic activity among lymphoid cell precursors and the formation of the first small lymphocytes; development of complex cysts containing PAS-positive material and the appearance of other signs of secretory activity among epithelial cells of the medulla; and differentiation of large myoid cells containing bundles of striated muscle fibrils. The changes are particularly noteworthy because they first appear during a period in which the animals are known to be developing the capacity to respond immunologically to allografts.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 158
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 127 (1972), S. 483-491 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Schlagwort(e): Lateral preoptic area ; Hypothalamus ; Rat ; Electron microscopy
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Summary The arcuate nucleus, median eminence, and the lateral preoptic area from the brains of aldehyde-perfused male and female rats were examined by electron microscopy. In the lateral preoptic area, three neuronal types are described: a small light neuron, a larger light one, and a dark neuron resembling the larger light one in size and nuclear shape. Many myelinated axons are interposed among single neurons or neuronal pairs. The relationship of structures to each other is discussed. Several observations not previously reported are illustrated from tissue of the arcuate nucleus and median eminence.
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  • 159
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 127 (1972), S. 492-525 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Schlagwort(e): Spermatozoa ; Drosophila ; Testis ; Fertility ; Electron microscopy
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Summary In Drosophila melanogaster, the cyst cell that surrounds the head region of sperm bundle becomes spheroidal or ellipsoidal and is trapped by the terminal epithelium of the testicular wall during the synchronous coiling of sperm. Extensions of this cyst cell are projected caudally into the interspaces between sperm heads probably to anchor the heads. Coiling of sperm tails is initiated at the head region and proceeds by the progressive retraction of the linear portion from the apical testicular region into the coiled portion at the base. The addition of one turn of coil is accompanied by one full rotation of the sperm bundle. When coiled, normal tails are tightly packed into a hexagonal lattice, and minute tubular structures of about 150 Å in diameter occupy the space between them. Sperm with abnormal tails are separated from those with normal ones and isolated into a separate part of the cyst lumen. Acid phosphatase is involved in the dissolution of the minute tubules for the liberation of sperm from the cyst. Sperm are released leaving the major portion of the cyst cells intact. This portion contains degenerating abnormal tails and the waste products of the individualization process. This detritus is ingested by the terminal epithelium and eventually degenerates.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 160
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 124 (1972), S. 39-43 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Schlagwort(e): Ruminal epithelium ; Zonulae occludentes ; Goat ; Ultrastructure
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Zusammenfassung Das Pansenepithel besitzt in den tiefen Hornzellen, die an das Stratum granulosum grenzen, eine Barriere. Diese Barriere, die das Labyrinth der Interzellularräume gegen das Pansenlumen verschließt, ist mit Zonulae occludentes ausgestattet.
    Notizen: Summary The deep horn cells of the goat ruminal epithelium, which border the stratum granulosum, form an important component of the epithelial barrier. This barrier of the intercellular labyrinth presents zonulae occludentes (tight junctions).
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 161
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 124 (1972), S. 354-366 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Schlagwort(e): Hippocampal region ; Rat ; Monoamine oxidase ; Chemoarchitectonics
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Summary 1. The distribution of monoamine oxidase (MAO) in the hippocampal region of the rat has been studied in cryostat sections with the tryptamine-tetrazolium method of Glenner et al. 2. The staining pattern was rather diffuse as compared with the distribution of MAO in the guinea pig and of other enzymes in the rat hippocampal region. 3. However, there were differences in enzyme activity between different areas and layers which could be correlated to some degree with results obtained with other methods, e.g., silver impregnation, catecholamines, and acetylcholinesterase.
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  • 162
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Schlagwort(e): Neurosecretory cells ; Pars intercerebralis ; Locust ; Autoradiography ; Electron microscopy
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Résumé Après injection de cystéine S35, les cellules A, B, C et les neurones banaux de la pars intercerebralis chez Locusta (femelles immatures et mûres) sont radioactifs. Le taux d' incorporation de la cystéine S35 dans les cellules B est identique chez toutes les femelles et il est légèrement supérieur à celui des neurones banaux. Ces résultats confirment l'inactivité sécrétoire protéique des cellules B. Les cellules C incorporent 3 à 5 fois plus de cystéine S35 que les neurones banaux. Elles synthétisent donc une ou plusieurs protéines contenant de la cystéine ce qui réaffirme leur activité neurosécrétrice chez Locusta. Les cellules A possèdent le taux d'incorporation de cystéine S35 le plus élevé: 5 à 8 fois celui des neurones banaux. Chez toutes les femelles, les cellules A synthétisent plus de neurosécrétion et en éliminent proportionellement plus que les cellules C. La neurosécrétion A est élaborée sous sa forme figurée plus rapidement (30 min) que la neurosécrétion C (60 min). Le renouvellement de la neurosécrétion A est donc quantitativement plus important et plus rapide que celui de la neurosécrétion C. Chez les femelles immatures, les cellules A et C synthétisent plus de matériel et en éliminent proportionnellement plus que chez les femelles mûres. Le temps nécessaire à l'élaboration et à la vidange des grains de neurosécrétion A est identique chez toutes les femelles. Il en est de même pour le matériel C. Le renouvellement des neurosécrétions A et C est donc plus important chez les femelles immatures que chez les femelles mûres mais il n'est pas plus rapide. L'accumulation du matériel fuchsinophile dans les cellules A et C lors de la maturation ovarienne correspond à une réduction de leur fonction neurosécrétrice: elle résulte d'une diminution de l'activité d'élimination des cellules neurosécrétrices A et C supérieure à l'affaiblissement de leur activité de synthèse.
    Notizen: Summary After injection of 35S-cysteine, the A, B, C cells and the ordinary neurones of pars intercerebralis in Locusta — immature and mature females — are radioactive. The rate of incorporation of 35S-cysteine into the B cells is the same for all the females, and it is slightly higher than the rate of incorporation of 35S-cysteine into the ordinary neurones. These results demonstrate the proteinic secretory inactivity of the B cells. The C cells incorporate 3 to 5 times more 35S-cysteine than ordinary neurones. Thus, the C cells synthesize one protein or several proteins with cysteine; this observation confirms their neurosecretory activity in Locusta. The A cells have the highest rate of incorporation of 35S-cysteine: 5 to 8 times the one of ordinary neurones. In all the females, the A cells produce and release proportionally more neurosecretion than the C cells. The production of granules is faster in A cells (30 min) than in C cells (60 min). The turnover of the A neurosecretion is consequently higher and quicker than the C neurosecretion. In immature females, the A and C cells synthesize and release proportionally more material than in mature females. The time necessary for production and release of the A neurosecretion is the same for all the females. It is so for the C material. The turnover of the A and C neurosecretions is thus more important in immature females than in mature females but it is not more rapid. The accumulation of stainable neurosecretory material in A and C cells at the time of ovarian maturation is associated with a reduction of their neurosecretory activity: it is due to a decrease of the rate of release of the A and C cells being more important than their rate of production.
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  • 163
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 128 (1972), S. 303-316 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Schlagwort(e): Spermatozoon ; Nemertine ; Ultrastructure ; Phylogeny
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Summary Mature spermatozoa of the hoplonemertine, Emplectonema neesii were studied by light and electron microscopy. The spermatozoa are flagellate and motile, each gamete consisting of an elongate anterior head and a posterior flagellar tail. Three regions are identifiable in the head, the acrosome, a nuclear zone and a connecting piece containing two centrioles. The nuclear zone contains glycogen granules as well as an elongate, grooved nucleus and a large mitochondrion whose lobes interdigitate with the nuclear grooves. The flagellum has a typical 9 + 2 flagellar tubule organisation. Nemertine spermatozoan ultrastructure, as exemplified by that of E. neesii, is compared with that of platyhelminth male gametes and the supposed phylogenetic affinity of the two taxeis reexamined in the light of the results of this comparison.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 164
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 128 (1972), S. 393-405 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Schlagwort(e): Peripheral nerve ; Polyamines ; Autoradiography ; Electron microscopy
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Zusammenfassung Mit Hilfe der Autoradiographie von Semi- und Ultradünnschnitten wurde die Verteilung der Radioaktivität nach Applikation von 3H-Putrescin im intakten und im degenerierenden N. ischiadicus der Ratte sowie in Spinalganglien untersucht. Im intakten und im geschädigten Nerven war die Radioaktivität, die zum weit überwiegenden Anteil als Spermidin und Putrescin vorkam, in allen zellulären Bestandteilen des Nerven, im Cytoplasma, in den Kernen und sehr deutlich auch in den Markscheiden, lokalisiert. Im extrazellulären Raum und über den Kollagenfibrillen war demgegenüber nur eine sehr geringe Radioaktivität festzustellen. Die physiologische Funktion von Spermidin und Putrescin im Myelin und den anderen Zellbestandteilen wird in erster Linie im Zusammenhang mit der in diesen Strukturen ebenfalls lokalisierten RNA diskutiert, da zahlreiche Hinweise für eine Rolle der Polyamine in der RNA- und Proteinsynthese vorliegen.
    Notizen: Summary The distribution of radioactivity from 3H-putrescine was studied in intact and degenerated sciatic nerves, and spinal ganglia of rats by means of high resolution autoradiography. During the first three days after the administration of the labeled putrescine, the main proportion of radioactive material in the nerves was represented by spermidine and putrescine. Both, in intact and degenerating nerves, developed silver grains were deposited in all cellular components of the nervous tissue, the myelin sheath being markedly tagged. Perineural tissue was also labeled considerably, however, there was no significant amount of label in the extracellular space and in the collagen fibrils. The possible physiological significance of putrescine and spermidine in myelin and in other cellular components of nerves is discussed.
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  • 165
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 128 (1972), S. 406-425 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Schlagwort(e): Parafollicular Cells ; Rat ; Normalcalcemia ; Vitamin D2 ; Electronmicroscopy ; Histochemical fluorescence method
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Summary Thyroid parafollicular cells of normocalcemic and vitamin D2-treated rats were investigated by electron microscopy and with the histochemical fluorescence technique of Hillarp and Falck. Administration of high doses of vitamin D2 caused hypercalcemia and an extensive degranulation of the parafollicular cells. The formation and storage of monoamines in granulated and degranulated parafollicular cells was investigated by fluorescence microscopy after injection of monoamine precursors (DOPA, 5-HTP), alone or in combination with Ro 4-4602, nialamide or reserpine. No fluorescence was observed in parafollicular cells of untreated rats. l-DOPA and l-5-HTP (but not the corresponding D-amino acids) were taken up by a process closely linked to the decarboxylation of the amino acids to the corresponding amines (dopamine and 5-hydroxytryptamine). Treatment with vitamin D2 did not seem to affect the formation of amines in the parafollicular cells or the formation and storage of amines in other cell systems investigated. The amine itself (dopamine) was not taken up by the parafollicular cells. In normocalcemic rats, the amine formed was retained in the cytoplasm of the parafollicular cells by a partially reserpine-resistant mechanism. The storage of amines is concluded to occur in association with the calcitonin-containing granules. In parafollicular cells of vitamin D2-treated rats, a certain amount of amine was bound in the cytoplasm in the absence of typical granules. As a considerable amount of calcitonin is known to remain in the thyroid of vitamin D2-treated rats, the present observations may indicate an association between the amine and the polypeptide hormone calcitonin, whether the latter is confined to typical granules or not.
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  • 166
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 129 (1972), S. 11-19 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Schlagwort(e): Muscle ; Invertebrates ; Sabellastarte magnifica ; Striation pattern ; Electron microscopy
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Summary As described in other invertebrate muscles, most thick myofilaments of the dorsal longitudinal muscle of Sabellastarte magnifica appear to be obliquely arranged with respect to the longitudinal axis of the myofibrils. Some sections, however, show long bundles of myofilaments parallel to the longitudinal axis of the myofibrils. Since the oblique striation concept cannot account for such images, a different (longitudinal) arrangement is proposed for Sabellastarte which can account for all observed images. A wax and threads model built according to this arrangement has been used to demonstrate that by oblique sectioning the longitudinal model can generate a false appearance of filament obliquity.
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  • 167
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 129 (1972), S. 40-50 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Schlagwort(e): Ultimobranchial glands ; Anurans ; Second cell type ; Ultrastructure
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Summary The comparative fine structure of ultimobranchial (UB) glands of adult Israeli anurans (Bufo viridis, Rana ridibunda, Hyla arborea) taken in the wild during the breeding season is presented. Common aspects of the UB secretory cells are considered with especial reference to secretory granules, lipid droplets and tonofilaments. In B. viridis a second cell type with large electron-dense cytoplasmic granules is found in UB follicles. R. ridibunda and H. arborea UB follicles have a second cell type similar to goblet cells in appearance and these appear to be discharging their mucoid contents into the lumina of the follicles. The possible significance of these various cell types is considered.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 168
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 129 (1972), S. 65-75 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Schlagwort(e): Fetal metanephros ; Renal nerves ; Renal tubules ; Macula densa ; Ultrastructure
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Zusammenfassung In elektronenmikroskopischen Untersuchungen an den Nachnieren 13–16 Wochen alter menschlicher Feten wird gezeigt, daß die Macula densa und andere Abschnitte des Mittelstücks der Niere von marklosen Nervenfasern innerviert werden. Nervenfasern gelangen mit den Gefäßen an die Tubuli. Synapsen finden sich innerhalb der Tubulusmembran an der Basis der Tubulusepithelien. Eine Synapse wurde an der parietalen Bowmanschen Kapsel nahe dem Gefäßpol des Glomerulus beobachtet. Die Mehrzahl der bisher am Tubulus beobachteten Axonendigungen scheint cholinergen Neuronen zuzugehören, jedoch ist eine weitere Abklärung in Verbindung mit histochemischen Methoden erforderlich. Die Bedeutung der Innervation für die Funktion des Nephron ist schwer einzuschätzen, zumal experimentelle Untersuchungen hierzu fehlen. Auch Befunde nach Nierentransplantation lassen wegen der möglichen postoperativen Persistenz und Regenerationsfähigkeit intrarenaler Nervenfasern keine eindeutigen Rückschlüsse zu. Möglicherweise ist mit dem Nachweis der Innervation auch das regulierende Agens für den „kontraktilen Apparat“ der Niere bzw. des Nephron gefunden. Interessanter weiterer Befund ist die Beobachtung synaptischer Nerv-Endothel-Kontakte in kleinsten Nierengefäßen (Endarteriolen).
    Notizen: Summary Electron microscopic study of the metanephros of 13–16-week-old human fetuses shows that the region of the macula densa as well as other segments of the distal convoluted tubule are innervated by unmyelinated nerve fibers. Nerve fibers reach the tubules alongside blood vessels. Synapses are found within the basal lamina of the tubular epithelia. One synapse was seen in the parietal part of the Bowman's capsule near the vascular pole of the glomerulus. Present evidence suggests mainly cholinergic innervation of the distal tubule, but verification using other histochemical methods is necessary. In the absence of experimental studies, it is difficult to determine the functional role of the innervation of the nephron. Observations after renal transplantation are not conclusive in view of possible postoperative persistence and regeneration of intrarenal nerve fibres. It may well be that innervation controls the “contractile apparatus” of the kidney. Synaptic contacts between axons and endothelial cells of the smallest renal arterioles may also have functional significance.
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  • 169
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 129 (1972), S. 256-271 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Schlagwort(e): 5,6-dihydroxytryptamine (5,6-DHT) ; Chemically induced degeneration ; Electron microscopy ; Indolamine containing axons and terminals ; Rat brain
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Summary Evidence has been obtained by electron microscopy of a direct cytotoxic effect of intraventricularly administered 5,6-dihydroxytryptamine (5,6-DHT) on unmyelinated axons in the rat brain. Ultrastructural signs of axonal damage were observed in areas rich in indolamine nerve terminals as early as 2 hrs after injection. By 6–24 hrs, characteristic and more dramatic signs of degeneration developed, involving coalescence of all axonal constituents—often in combination with a uniform osmiophilic impregnation of the axoplasm—accompanied by engulfment of the dystrophic structures by glial processes. During the next five days, the degenerating axons and axon terminals appeared to be removed by glial cell phagocytosis, whose equivalents were the inclusion of axonal residues into membrane-bound lysosome-like bodies. Concomitantly, there was a progressively increasing number of extremely large and dilated axons in all regions analysed. These axonal swellings, which have an ultramorphology similar to that of dilated stumps of mechanically severed monoamine axons, correspond most probably to proximal, dilated portions of drug-damaged axons. The present results, in combination with biochemical and fluorescence microscopical data, indicate that within a proper dose range the 5,6-DHT-induced degeneration is largely restricted to indolamine axons and axon terminals. However, unselective effects on other unmyelinated axons, on myelin, and on glial cells were observed in narrow subependymal zones close to the lateral ventricles, i.e. close to the injection cannula.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 170
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 129 (1972), S. 278-289 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Schlagwort(e): Midgut epithelium ; Insects ; Development ; Metamorphosis ; Electron microscopy
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Summary The ultrastructural alterations in the anterior midgut epithelium of the fly Calliphora were investigated by electron microscopy. Nine developmental stages, from late larval to late adult, were studied. During metamorphosis, a tube is formed by proliferation of undifferentiated cells residing in cell nests in the basal part of the larval epithelium. The process of microvillus formation is described and compared with that in the embryonic stage. Differences between larval and imaginal cells were found in the rate of microvillus formation and in the occurrence of dense vesicles. The formation of a basal labyrinth coincides roughly with microvillus formation. Glycogen deposits occur mainly in the pupal stage and are almost always absent after emergence. Epithelial crypts are formed in late pupae by modification of the existing layer of cells together with a localized development of muscle fibres. In the adult stage changes may take place in the form of the cell apex, which generally assumes a more pointed shape, and in the amount of osmiophilic material, aggregating almost exclusively in the supranuclear part of the cell.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 171
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 129 (1972), S. 328-369 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Schlagwort(e): Anterior pituitary ; Follicular and stellate cells ; “Réseau folliculostellaire” ; Chromophobe cells ; Electron microscopy
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Résumé Dans l'hypophyse du rat, la microscopie électronique permet de mettre en évidence à l'intérieur de tous les cordons épithéliaux de la pars distalis un réseau de cellules agranulaires: les cellules stellaires et folliculo-stellaires, satellites des cellules granuleuses hormonogènes. Les cellules de ce réseau se caractérisent à la fois par la multiplicité de leurs prolongements et par leur organisation autour de cavités pour la plupart submicroscopiques, «les follicules». Les cellules folliculo-stellaires correspondent à une partie des cellules chromophobes de la microscopie photonique. La fente hypophysaire, par de nombreux caractères, semble faire partie de ce système folliculo-stellaire, dont elle pourrait représenter une région privilégiée par sa situation, ses dimensions et son contenu. L'existence des cellules folliculo-stellaires dans un grand nombre d'espèces, leurs caractères cytologiques hautement différenciés, leurs relations étroites avec le milieu intérieur interstitiel et leurs modifications en fonction de l'âge et des conditions expérimentales permettent de penser qu'elles sont étroitement attachées à la fonction glandulaire.
    Notizen: Summary Electron microscopic investigation of the rat anterior pituitary reveals, throughout the whole pars distalis, a cellular network composed of agranular cells. These cells, the stellate and folliculo-stellate cells, are satellites of the granulated secretory cells. The cells of the network are characterized both by their multiple cytoplasmic processes and by their organization around cavities, most of them submicroscopic, the “follicles”. Those cells probably represent a large part of the “chromophobe” cells previously observed by light microscopy. On account of several characters, the pituitary cleft seems to be related to the “réseau folliculo-stellaire” and could be a peculiar part of this system because of its localization, size and contents. The “réseau folliculo-stellaire” is present in numerous species, showing a typical and differentiated cytology, and close relationships with the interstitial medium. Owing to its morphology and to modifications according to age and experimental conditions, this network seems to be a system intimately involved in the glandular function.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 172
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 129 (1972), S. 395-412 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Schlagwort(e): Cardiac muscle ; Sarcoplasmic reticulum ; Excitation-contraction coupling ; Electron microscopy ; Cinematography
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Summary The ascidian myocardium is composed of small striated myoepithelial cells. The sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) of these cells was reconstructed from serial sections. T-tubules are absent, but subsarcolemmal cisternae of the SR, that may be the counterpart of terminal cisternae, form couplings with the sarcolemma. Longitudinal SR tubules, parallel to the myofilaments, are interconnected near the middle of the A-band and form a transverse collar. Cinematographic photography of spontaneous contractions in fresh myocardial preparations produced records that could be analyzed frame by frame. Contractions are typically limited to parts of the myofilament field of single cells. They are locally symmetrical with respect to Z-bands; either both A-bands on each side of a Z-band converge on it (contractions), or neither A-band moves with respect to the Z-band. It is suggested that the spontaneous contractions are the result of local Ca++ release from randomly distributed subsarcolemmal cisternae. It is proposed that the symmetry of contraction is due to a rapid sequestering of Ca++ by the SR collars at the middle of the A-bands and a possible diffusion barrier at that level.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 173
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 129 (1972), S. 471-499 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Schlagwort(e): Cardiac muscle cells ; Rat ; Mitotic division ; Myofibril changes ; Electron microscopy
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Summary The ultrastructure of the myocyte at all phases of mitosis as well as of early postmitotic cells has been studied in the myocardia of 14- and 18-day rat embryos and 5- and 7-day old rats. The myofibrils remain unchanged up to the late prophase. In prometaphase the majority of Z-disks in embryo myocyte myofibrils and considerable part of these disks in myofibrils of suckling rats are drastically disintegrated. This is followed by a progressive isolation and scattering of the myofilament bundles and of the whole sarcomeres during the subsequent phases of mitosis. Thick myofilaments seem to be unchanged but thin ones become frequently poorly outlined (mainly in embryos). The sarcoplasmic reticulum, including its typically differentiated subsarcolemmal cisternae, exhibits relatively few changes during mitosis. In the early postmitotic period there is a gradual restoration of contrast-rich Z-bands, interconnecting the previously isolated sarcomeres. Patterns of this process have much in common with early stages of myofibrillogenesis (appearance of subsarcolemmal “Z-bodies”, formation of skeins of thin filaments etc.). The cleavage furrow formation is either absent or considerably retarded up to the postmitotic period. Behaviour of some other organelles during myocyte mitosis has been described. Possible mechanisms and significance of the observed phenomena are discussed.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 174
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 129 (1972), S. 548-560 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Schlagwort(e): Sensory receptors ; Acarina ; Amblyomma americanum ; Palpal organ ; Ultrastructure
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Summary Palps of the tick Amblyomma americanum (L.) (Acarina: Ixodidae; nymphal stage) were studied by scanning and transmission electron microscopy. The terminal palp segment (IV) bears the so-called “palpal organ”, a cluster of 10 short, blunt-tipped sensilla. All sensilla (except for the center sensillum) receive a dual innervation: 2 mechanoreceptive dendrites which terminate in the socket membrane plus several chemoreceptive dendrites (4–12) which enter the lumen. The thick-walled cuticular shaft possesses 2–3 small pore openings (100 Å) below the tip, thus establishing communication between dendrites and environment. Two structurally different types of palpal sensilla exist: The A-type has a characteristic doublelumen and always contains 4 dendrites, the B-type features a single lumen and a specially layered cuticular shaft with 6–12 dendrites. The fine structure of the tick palpal receptors corresponds closely to that of known contact chemoreceptors in insects.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 175
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 130 (1972), S. 18-27 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Schlagwort(e): Oocytes ; Chilopoda ; Vitellogenesis ; Ultrastructure
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Résumé Dans l'ovocyte de Lithobius forficatus L., les trois types classiques de réserves vitellines apparaissent successivement: glycogène, globules lipidiques et vitellus protéique. La synthèse du glycogène semble effectuée au contact des membranes ergastoplasmiques. Les globules lipidiques paraissent élaborés à partir d'un matériel qui transite par le reticulum puis l'appareil de Golgi. Le vitellus protéique est d'origine exogène et pénètre dans l'ovocyte par pinocytose. L'ovocyte mûr est très riche en réserves vitellines et ne renferme qu'une mince couche cytoplasmique périphérique, pauvre en organites.
    Notizen: Summary In the oocyte of Lithobius forficatus L., the three classical types of vitelline reserves appear successively: glycogen, lipid droplets, and protein yolk. Glycogen synthesis seems to occur in contact with the rough endoplasmic reticulum. Lipid droplets appear to be elaborated from a material which passes through the endoplasmic reticulum and the Golgi apparatus. Protein yolk originates elsewhere and enters the oocyte by pinocytosis. The mature oocyte is almost completely filled with yolk. There remains only a thin outer coat of cytoplasm with very few organelles.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 176
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Schlagwort(e): Epidermis ; Snails (Lymnaea stagnalis, Biomphalaria pfeifferi) ; Histochemistry ; Ultrastructure
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Summary The epidermis and the associated subepidermal gland cells of the freshwater snails Lymnaea stagnalis and Biomphalaria pfeifferi were studied by means of histochemical and electron microscope techniques. The single cell layered epidermis is composed of general epidermal cells, cilia cells and a few scattered goblet cells. The foot sole and the epidermal regions of the pneumostome and the ventral surface of the lips near the mouth consist nearly entirely of cilia cells; elsewhere the cilia cells are found scattered among the general epidermal cells. The apical layer of the general epidermal cells bear microvilli. Numerous mitochondria, vesicles and lysosomes are located in the apical region of the cells. Several Golgi bodies and a poorly developed granular endoplasmic reticulum occur in the supranuclear region; the nucleus lies in the basal part of the cell. The general epidermal cells in the mouth region contain numerous microfilaments compared to the general epidermal cells in the rest of the epidermis. The cilia of the cilia cells in the densely ciliated regions possess well developed roots and basal bodies interconnected by means of the basal feet. With regard to the other cell organelles, cilia cells are quite similar to the general epidermal cells. For comparison a brief study of the ultrastructure of the epidermis of the terrestrial snail Helix aspersa was carried out. The skin of the snail is covered by a mucous layer produced by various gland cells. In L. stagnalis, in addition to the epidermal goblet cells, thirteen subepidermal gland cell types could be distinguished. The histochemistry of the gland cell types is reflected in the ultrastructure. Three of the gland cell types have an ubiquitous distribution, four types are peculiar to the foot, two types to the lips and five types to the mantle. In B. pfeifferi one epidermal gland cell type and only seven subepidermal gland cell types could be distinguished. Most of these gland cells are limited in their distribution to the foot, lips and mantle edge. The observations may provide a basis for further study in the functions of the snail epidermis.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 177
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 130 (1972), S. 58-69 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Schlagwort(e): Infundibulum ; Rat ; Ependymal and glial cells ; Inclusions ; Neuroglial synapses
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Zusammenfassung Zahlreiche Ependymzellen des Recessus infundibularis und Gliazellen der Zona externa besitzen Fortsätze, die bis an den perivaskulären Raum der Kapillarschlingen des Portalplexus heranreichen. Die Ultrastruktur dieser Gefäßfortsätze wird beschrieben. Sie können verschiedenartige Einschlüsse enthalten: 1. große, runde osmiophile Einschlüsse (0,5–2 μ im Durchmesser), die als „lipid inclusions“ bezeichnet werden; 2. unregelmäßig geformte, granuläre Einschlüsse mit gleichmäßiger Elektronendichte (500 bis 2000 Å im Durchmesser); 3. rundliche Granula mit einem hellen Zentrum und ringartig um dieses Zentrum gelagerten elektronendichten Körnchen (1200–1600 Å im Durchmesser). Der letztgenannte Granulatyp scheint ein charakteristisches Merkmal der Gefäßfortsätze in der Zona externa der Wistar-Ratte zu sein. Meist häufen sich die Körnchen gemeinsam mit den anderen beschriebenen Einschlüssen in den kolbenförmigen Endigungen der Gefäßfortsätze. Exocytosevorgänge an der dem perivaskulären Raum zugewandten Oberflächenmembran der Fortsätze weisen auf eine Abgabe von Substanzen an die Blutbahn hin. Neurogliöse Synapsen finden sich im Infundibulum vorwiegend zwischen Nervenfasern des Tractus tuberohypophyseus und Gefäßfortsätzen der Ependym- und Gliazellen. Der synaptische Spalt enthält häufig fädige oder körnige Strukturen. Solche Partikel finden sich zusammen mit tubulären oder vesikulären Membranprofilen auch im synapsennahen Bereich des Glia- oder Ependymfortsatzes. Die funktionelle Bedeutung dieser Synapsen insbesondere für die Abgabe neuronaler Substanzen wird diskutiert.
    Notizen: Summary Many ependymal cells of the infundibular recess and many glial cells of the external layer send their processes to the perivascular space of capillary loops of the portal plexus. The ultrastructure of these vascular processes is described. They may contain various inclusions: (1) large, osmiophilic globules (0,5–2 μ in diameter), mostly termed “lipid inclusions”; (2) irregularly formed, granular inclusions with an evenly distributed content (500–2000 Å in diameter); (3) circular granules comprising an electron-lucent centre surrounded by an annular wall of electron-dense particles (1200–1600 Å in diameter). This type of granule seems to be characteristic for the vascular processes in the external layer of the Wistar rat. Frequently accumulations of these granules are found together with other inclusions in the widened end-feet of the vascular processes. The occurrence of exocytosis at the perivascular surface membrane of the vascular processes indicates a release of substances into the blood. Neuro-glial synapses in the infundibulum are mainly found between nerve fibres of the tuberohypophyseal tract and the vascular end-feet of ependymal and glial cells. The synaptic cleft often contains filamentous or granular material. Together with tubular and vesicular membrane profiles such particles are also found in the postsynaptic area of the ependymal and glial processes. The functional significance of these contacts is discussed particularly with respect to the release of neuronal substances.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 178
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 130 (1972), S. 205-218 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Schlagwort(e): Sternal gland ; Trinervitermes geminatus ; Cell types ; Histochemistry ; Ultrastructure
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Résumé La glande sternale de Trinervitermes geminatus correspond à un épaississement médian de la partie antérieure du cinquième sternite abdominal. Elle est bordée intérieurement par une fine basale conjonctive et extérieurement par la cuticule, quelques sensilles campaniformes sont également visibles dans la masse glandulaire. On peut y reconnaître deux types de cellules: d'abord des cellules ovalaires situées dans la partie moyenne de la glande. Elles contiennent de grosses mitochondries et des globules denses, et sont en relation avec la basale par quelques fins prolongements cellulaires. Ensuite des cellules cylindriques, bien développées, constituant toute l'épaisseur de la glande. Elles possèdent de nombreuses vésicules de reticulum lisse et une bordure en brosse formée de microvillosités et de digitations cytoplasmiques qui pénètrent dans la cuticule. Cette cuticule comprend une mésocuticule lacunaire et une fine épicuticule percée par des «canalicules épicuticulaires». Une comparaison est établie avec la glande sternale d'autres termites, en particulier celle de Kalotermes.
    Notizen: Summary The sternal gland of Trinervitermes geminatus appears as a median thickening of the epidermis at the anterior part of the fifth abdominal sternite. It is lined internally with a thin basal lamina and externally with the cuticle. A few campaniform sensilla are also visible in the glandular mass. Two types of cells may be recognized. First, oval-shaped cells, containing numerous large mitochondria and dense globules; these cells having no contact with the cuticle are connected with the basal lamina by a few narrow cytoplasmic stems. Second, tall columnar cells, with vesicular endoplasmic reticulum and an apical brush border built up by microvilli and finger—like processes which reach into the cuticle. This cuticle is made of alveolous mesocuticle and a thin epicuticle perforated by “epicuticular canals”. The organ is compared with the sternal gland of other termites, particularly with the one of Kalotermes.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 179
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 130 (1972), S. 362-377 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Schlagwort(e): Lorenzinian ampullae ; Polyodon spathula ; Sensory epithelium ; Synapses ; Electron microscopy
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Summary Light and electron microscopic observations on the ampullary organs of Polyodon spathula (Chondrostei, Osteichthyes) reveal a sensory epithelium similar to that found in the Lorenzinian ampulla, an electroreceptor found in marine Elasmobranchs. The sensory cells have a very small luminal part provided with a cilium. They are innervated by many nerve endings. Each nerve fibre apparently makes synaptic contact with several sensory cells. The synaptic structure in the sensory cell is composed of a flat sheet, the outermost part of which is surrounded by 3 or 4 annuli of densely staining material. The sheet extends into a protrusion of the sensory cell, and there is a corresponding invagination in the nerve terminal. The conclusion that these organs are electroreceptors, is supported by the finding that the fish responds to the introduction of an iron tube in the aquarium, whereas a wooden rod introduced in the same way causes no response.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 180
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 130 (1972), S. 489-495 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Schlagwort(e): Sensilla ; Insecta ; Diptera ; Musca domestica L. ; Ultrastructure
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Summary The ventral organs of the cephalic lobes of the house fly larvae, Musca domestica L., were studied by scanning and transmission electron microscopy. Four sensilla were found. Three of them are each innervated by a single dendrite whose ending possesses a tubular body and communicates to the exterior through an opening. These sensilla are assumed to be mechanoreceptors. The 4th sensillum is supplied by 2 bipolar neurons with the unbranched dendritic tips (without tubular bodies) exposed to the exterior through a single opening and is probably a contact chemoreceptor.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 181
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 130 (1972), S. 527-544 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Schlagwort(e): Ciliated cell rosettes ; Gastrovascular system ; Ctenophores ; Function ; Ultrastructure
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Résumé L'excrétion et la régulation hydrostatique des Cténaires reposent sur un ensemble qui implique un dispositif unique en son genre: les rosettes ciliées du système gastrovasculaire endodermique. L'originalité de ces rosettes réside dans l'existence d'un puits central mettant en communication directe la mésoglée avec le contenu intravasculaire. Entre ces deux compartiments s'établissement des courants liquides rapides sans sélectivité ionique dont le sens est déterminé par le battement de la seule touffe de flagelles issus de la couronne cellulaire supérieure de la rosette. Lorsqu'une Beroe est placée en milieu marin dilué, on observe au niveau des rosettes un passage de liquide en direction de la mésoglée, alors qu'en eau de mer concentrée, un courant liquide s'établit de la mésoglée vers la lumière des canaux. L'existence d'un diaphragme contractile susceptible d'obturer complètement le puits central de chaque rosette doit permettre éventuellement d'arrêter complètement ces échanges. Cette activité des rosettes conduit à un ajustement de la densité globale du corps de l'animal par rapport à la densité du milieu dans lequel il se trouve.
    Notizen: Summary Excretion and hydrostatic regulation of the Ctenophores depend on a particular set of special structures: the ciliated cell rosettes of the endodermal gastrovascular system. The peculiarity of these cell rosettes lies in a free communication between the mesoglea and the lumen of gastrovascular canals. Rapid liquid currents, without ionic discernment, are carried through this hole. The direction of these currents is determined by the beating of the only flagellar tuft borne by the upper cellular crown of rosettes: an aqueous flow may be seen streaming across rosettes towards mesoglea when a Beroe is put in diluted sea water, whereas in concentrated sea water, the flow is streaming from mesoglea to gastrovascular cavity. A contractile diaphragm allows complete closing of the central communication of each rosette and can stop any mesogleal-gastrovascular exchange. This activity of cell rosettes leads to an adjustment of the whole density of animal to that of external sea water.
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  • 182
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 131 (1972), S. 63-75 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Schlagwort(e): Tooth ; Enamel organ ; Cell differentiation ; Phagocytosis ; Electron microscopy
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Summary In the transitional zone of the enamel organ (rat) some of the amelocytes perish. Their debris is phagocytized and digested by stratum intermedium cells and macrophages. These two cell types also seem to remove cytosegresomes expelled from those amelocytes which survive and redifferentiate into transporting amelocytes. Digestion of the amelocyte debris in the stratum intermedium cells is effected rapidly and completely. Degeneration of stratum intermedium cells was not observed in the transitional zone.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 183
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 128 (1972), S. 426-437 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Schlagwort(e): Spermathecal gland ; Silphidae ; Cell types ; Ultrastructure
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Résumé Chez les Silphes et en particulier chez Phosphuga atrata, la glande de la spermathèque présente une structure particulière liée à la présence d'une intima cuticulaire tapissant la lumière de la glande. Elle comporte trois types cellulaires: les cellules sécrétrices, les cellules de l'épithélium sous-cuticulaire et les cellules-manchons. Les cellules sécrétrices de grande taille contiennent une invagination de la membrane cytoplasmique formant une «vacuole» extracellulaire bordée de microvillosités. Dans cette vacuole plonge l'extrémité, différenciée en ampoule poreuse, d'un canalicule de nature cuticulaire, qui véhicule la sécrétion jusqu'à la lumière de la glande. Le canalicule est élaboré par une cellule-manchon qui l'accompagne sur toute sa longueur sauf à son extrémité intravacuolaire. Ce type de glande, qui se retrouve chez de nombreux Insectes, y assurant des fonctions diverses (sécrétion odorifique, sécrétion de défense, sécrétion spermale, etc.), est susceptible de nombreuses variations.
    Notizen: Summary The spermathecal accessory gland in the female of Phosphuga atrata (Silphidae), exhibits a special structure which is due to the presence of a cuticular intima lining the lumen. The wall of the gland shows three cellular types: the secretory cells, the epithelial cells and the ductule carrying cells. Each large secretory cell contains a cavity formed by an invagination of the cytoplasmic membrane and lined by many microvilli. The secretory cell is connected with a cuticular ductule ending in the cavity of the glandular cell, in a porous organelle. This ductule, which carries the secretory material to the lumen, is surrounded by the ductule carrying cell. This type of integumentary gland is very common in insects, where it assumes various functions (attraction, defense, conservation of sperm, etc.) and its morphology varies considerably.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 184
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 128 (1972), S. 538-554 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Schlagwort(e): Arteries ; DOCA hypertension ; Ultrastructure
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Summary The ultrastructure of the unconstricted superficial epigastric and femoral arteries is described in normal rats and in animals with hypertension induced by unilateral nephrectomy, by subcutaneous injections of desoxycorticosterone acetate and drinking of 1% NaCl. The femoral artery showed by far the greater response to the DOCA-saline treatment. In both vessels, the smooth-muscle cells changed from the normal spindle shape to a blunt ended outline with numerous pinocytotic vesicles and prolific collagen production. With long term hypertension, particularly in the femoral artery, the smooth-muscle cell profiles became very irregular. Hypertrophy of the organelles of the smooth-muscle cells was associated with an increase in the intercellular material which gradually changed from a mainly collagenous character to mainly vesicular. Lysosomal activity indicated cell disintegration. White blood cells adhere to the endothelium in hypertensive rats and there was an increase in subendothelial material. The number of intimal smooth-muscle cells increased noticeably in the femoral artery. In both arteries, the adventitial fibroblasts hypertrophied in hypertensive rats. In animals with an elevated blood pressure the morphological response was observed as early as 4 to 7 days after initiation of treatment.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 185
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 129 (1972), S. 20-39 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Schlagwort(e): Tentacles ; Cilia ; Rhabdopleura ; Neurociliary synapses ; Electron microscopy
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Summary The tentacle of Rhabdopleura compacta (Hemichordata) consists of two layers of cells surrounding a central coelomic cavity. The two layers of cells are separated by a cell free basement lamella. The tentacles on the arms of Rhabdopleura bear three longitudinal rows of cilia. The ciliated cells are closely associated with bundles of nerve fibres, and between some of the cells and nerve fibres there are synapses. The peripheral regions of the ciliated cells are joined to one another by desmosomes. Tonofibrils join some of these desmosomes to the kinetosomes of the cilia. The nerve fibres are confined to the ectodermal layer and the muscle cells to the layer of cells within the basement lamella. In the ectodermal layer besides ciliated cells there are mucus cells, densely pigmented cells, and green bodies. The function of these last two types of cells is secretory. Most of the epithelial cells have microvilli upon their free borders.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 186
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 132 (1972), S. 35-49 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Schlagwort(e): Salivary glands ; Octopus ; Nerves ; Ultrastructure
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Résumé Le canal salivaire contient dans sa paroi deux types de nerfs, moteurs et sécréteurs. Le diamètre des fibres nerveuses est en moyenne plus faible dans les nerfs moteurs, où il diminue encore en direction des glandes, tandis qu'au contraire celui des fibres sécrétrices augmente, accentuant ainsi les différences morphologiques entre les deux ners. Ces différences de calibre entre les fibres sont en rapport avec le nombre plus ou moins élevé des neurites qu'elles comportent, et dont les mésaxones ont des formes variées. Les caractères cytologiques des cellules satellites et des axones des deux types de nerfs sont comparables. Les axones contiennent des vésicules de types morphologiques très divers dont la signification est discutée.
    Notizen: Summary Two types of nerves, motor and secretory, are found in the wall of the salivary duct. The average diameter of the motor fibers is smaller and decreases still more towards the glands, while on the contrary it increases for the secretory fibers. The disparity of diameter between the two types of fibers is due to the different number of neurites they contain, embedded in satellite cells with mesaxons of various forms. Axons and satellite cells have similar cytological features in the two types of nerves. Vesicles of several morphological types occur in the axons; their significance is discussed.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 187
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 129 (1972), S. 92-113 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Schlagwort(e): Neurosecretion ; Neurohypophysis ; Neurosecretory granule ; Rat ; Membranes
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Summary Neurosecretory granules (NSG) of rat posterior pituitary glands were prepared by differential centrifugation techniques mainly according to the procedure as described by Barer, Heller and Lederis (1963). As revealed by electron microscopy, the recovery of neurophysin and the contents of enzymes, purified NSG were obtained in a pellet at 30 000 g/60 min (0.44 M sucrose). Eighteen h after injection of (35S) cysteine into the supraoptic nucleus 60% of the recovered radioactivity in the neural lobe was found in the NSG, whereas 20% was found in the final supernatant (100 000 g/120 min). Sixteen days after injection the NSG and the final supernatant fraction contained fairly equal amount of (35S) cysteine (approximately 40%). It is suggested that after a period of intragranular maturation neurophysin is extruded into an extragranular pool of neurosecretory material. With the use of conventional polyacrylamide-gel electrophoresis it was shown that the predominating proportion of radioactivity in the NSG after a hypothalamic injection of (35S) cysteine was located within the neurophysin fraction A and in fraction B. Fraction B is suggested to be partly bound to the NSG membranes. When the NSG soluble and NSG insoluble proteins, obtained after lysis of NSG, were separated on polyacrylamide gels in the presence of sodium dodecylsulphate, the highly radioactive soluble protein was shown to consist of two components with average molecular weights of 12 300 and 14 600. Most of the proteins in the lysate were found in the NSG membranes, though less radioactive. A component with a mol.wt. of 37 000 was enriched in the membrane fraction. At longer times after isotope injection the high mol.wt. proteins, particularly those of the NSG membranes, contained increased amounts of radioactivity.
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  • 188
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 129 (1972), S. 272-277 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Schlagwort(e): Spermatozoa ; Glycogen ; Rana ; Ultrastructure
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Summary Cytochemical and morphological evidence indicates the presence of glycogen packets in the condensed nuclei of Rana pipiens and Rana clamitans testicular spermatozoa. A possible reason for its existence is discussed. Glycogen is also demonstrated in the acrosomes of R. pipiens spermatozoa and in the middle pieces and tails of R. clamitans spermatozoa.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 189
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 129 (1972), S. 301-319 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Schlagwort(e): Insect hemocytes ; Ultrastructure ; Cytophysiology
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Summary The wide range of functional activities of circulating and sessile insect hemocytes expresses itself in highly specialized cytological terms. Electron microscopic studies carried out in five species of normal and experimentally manipulated cockroaches, in conjunction with light microscopic information, reveal a broad spectrum of structural organization and an apparent capacity for cellular modulation. In addition to conventional organelles, these hemocytes contain a class of unusual cytoplasmic inclusion bodies which seem to undergo striking transformations in response to specific functional demands. A variety of transitional forms attests to the existence of close links between tubule containing (type 1), electron dense (type 2), and large globular (type 3) inclusion bodies, and reveals the derivation of yet another special (lamellated, fusiform) inclusion from type 2 bodies. Confluence of the type 3 configurations into still larger lacunae may precede the release of their contents into the hemolymph, a process whose major effect seems to be the initiation of the clotting process. Another important activity of hemocytes concerns the programmed reorganization of the stromal framework of the various organs. The dominant feature of blood cells engaged in the deposition of connective tissue are greatly distended cisternae of the rough endoplasmic reticulum and accumulations of banded fibrils at the interface of cytoplasm and extracellular space. The engulfment of discarded stromal material can be visualized in fortuitous sections representing steps in its incorporation by hemocytes. Ultrastructural correlates of the breakdown of these and other disintegrating or noxious elements by certain hemocytes are prominent digestive vacuoles with heterogeneous contents and reaction products of hydrolytic enzymes. The capacity for the uptake of small particles by micropinocytosis is demonstrated by the localization of horseradish peroxidase activity at the cellular surface and within cytoplasmic vesicles. The diversity of structural appearances reflects a division of labor, while the many transitional features of hemocyte morphology favor the concept of functional flexibility of one basic cell type rather than a strict classification into distinctly separate cellular types.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 190
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 129 (1972), S. 370-385 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Schlagwort(e): Androgenic gland ; Crab ; Ocypode quadrata ; Cellular degeneration ; Ultrastructure
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Résumé L'étude ultrastructurale des glandes androgènes du Crabe Ocypode quadrata (Fabr.) révèle l'existence de processus involutifs entraînant une autodestruction cellulaire totale. Cette lyse se produit en des zones non localisées des glandes et n'affecte pas l'activité spermatogénétique du Crabe considéré de plus, la coexistence de cellules en dégénérescence avec des cellules normales traduit un asynchronisme cellulaire. Les différentes modifications conduisant à la dégénérescence ont été décrites: dégranulation de l'ergastoplasme, développement important du réticulum endoplasmique, vacuolisation des mitochondries, différenciation de jonctions cellulaires d'un type particulier, formations de «corps vacuolaires» et de vacuoles autolytiques puis de corps résiduels précédant les processus de fragmentation cellulaire et de pycnose nucléaire. Bien qu'il n'y ait jamais une régression totale des glandes androgènes, ces modifications rappellent celles qui surviennent après la métamorphose dans les glandes de mue des Insectes. La signification physiologique de la dégénérescence cellulaire est discutée.
    Notizen: Summary Electron microscopic examination of the androgenic glands of the ghost crab Ocypode quadrata (Fabr.) reveals the existence of involutive processes leading to complete cellular breakdown. This autolysis occurs in non-localized areas of the glands and does not affect the spermatogenetic activity of the crab studied; further, the coexistence of degenerative cells with normal cells shows a cellular asynchronism. The different modifications leading to degeneration have been described: substitution of rough-surfaced endoplasmic reticulum by an important development of smooth reticulum, vaculolization of mitochondria, differentiation of a particular type of cellular junctions, elaboration of “vacuolar bodies” and autolytic vacuoles and then of residual bodies preceding processes of cellular fragmentation and nuclear pyknosis. Although there is never a complete regression of the androgenic glands, these modifications resemble those which take place in the prothoracic glands of insects after metamorphosis. The physiological significance of the cellular degeneration is discussed.
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  • 191
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 129 (1972), S. 500-507 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Schlagwort(e): Lymphocyte ; Blastoid transformation ; Phytohemagglutinin ; Stereology ; Electron microscopy
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Summary The morphological changes of human lymphocytes living in vitro under the influence of phytohemagglutinin (PHA) were estimated quantitatively by stereological methods. Mean volume and volume fractions for average human lymphocyte and average blastoid cell from 72-hour culture with PHA were determined. It was found that the lymphocyte volume increases on an average 3.7 times mainly because of cytoplasmic volume increment by 4.3 times. The greatest enlargement concerned endoplasmic reticulum, the nucleolus, lysosomes and mitochondria. In addition a way of correction of the error in experimentally obtained volume fractions, resulting from the exclusive use of sections involving the nucleus is presented.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 192
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Schlagwort(e): Saccus vasculosus ; Cerebrospinal fluid contacting neurons ; AChE-positive fibre connections ; Synapses on coronet cells ; Ultrastructure
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Zusammenfassung Der Saccus vasculosus von Anguilla anguilla, Cyprinus carpio und Amiurus nebulosus wurde lichtmikroskopisch mit der AChE-Reaktion und dem fluoreszenzhistochemischen Monoaminnachweis, sowie elektronenmikroskopisch untersucht. Lichtmikroskopisch weisen die Liquorkontaktneurone und ihre Fortsätze eine starke AChE-Aktivität auf, während die Krönchenzellen inaktiv sind. Die AChE-positiven Fortsätze der Nervenzellen bilden Bündel, die in den Nervus sacci vasculosi eintreten und im Tractus sacci vasculosi weiterziehen. Diese AChE-positive Bahn kann nach Kreuzung zur Gegenseite bis in das Neuropil des Thalamus ventralis verfolgt werden. Die Liquorkontaktneurone des Saccus vasculosus, der Nervus und Tractus sacci vasculosi, sowie der Nucleus sacci vasculosi weisen keine Monoaminfluoreszenz auf. Auf den Perikaryen der Krönchenzellen kommen Synapsen vor, deren praesynaptisches Cytoplasma außer synaptischen Bläschen und Mitochondrien 800–1000 Å große granulierte Vesikel aufweist. Die Perikaryen der Liquorkontaktneurone enthalten neben den üblichen Cytoplasmabestandteilen dense core Vesikel, deren Durchmesser 700–900 Å beträgt. Axone, in denen granulierte Vesikel (Durchmesser 800 oder 1300 Å) vorkommen, bilden mit diesen Perikaryen Synapsen. Im basalen Teil des Saccusepithels findet man granulierte Bläschen (Durchmesser 800 oder 1400 Å) enthaltende Nervenfasern unterschiedlichen Durchmessers, ferner Synapsen. Der Nervus sacci vasculosi enthält klein- und großkalibrige, marklose Nervenfasern und vereinzelte Synapsen, während der Tractus sacci vasculosi aus vorwiegend kleinkalibrigen, marklosen Fasern besteht.
    Notizen: Summary The vascular sac of Anguilla anguilla, Cyprinus carpio and Amiurus nebulosus has been studied by light microscopy using AChE reaction and the fluorescence histochemical method for the demonstration of monoamines, and by electron microscopy. As demonstrated light microscopically, the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) contacting neurons and their processes exert a strong AChE activity, while the coronet cells are inactive. The AChE-positive processes of the neurons form bundles that enter the nervus sacci vasculosi and pass on in the tractus sacci vasculosi. After crossing to the opposite side, this AChE-positive bundle can be traced into the neuropil of the ventral thalamus. Neither the CSF contacting neurons of the vascular sac, nor the nervus, tractus and nucleus sacci vasculosi show any monoamine fluorescence. As demonstrated electron microscopically, there are synapses on the perikarya of the coronet cells, their presynaptic cytoplasm being characterized by mitochondria, synaptic and granulated vesicles (diameter about 800 to 1000 Å). The perikarya of the CSF contacting neurons contain dense-core vesicles (diameter about 700 to 900 Å) besides of the usual cytoplasmic components. Axons displaying granulated vesicles with a diameter of 800 Å or 1300 Å, form synapses on these perikarya. In the basal part of the saccus epithelium, there are nerve fibres of different calibres containing dense-core vesicles (diameter about 800 Å or 1400 Å) and forming synapses. The nervus sacci vasculosi is characterized by thin and thick, unmyelinated nerve fibres, and rare synapses, while the tractus sacci vasculosi is composed of mainly small, unmyelinated fibres.
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  • 193
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 133 (1972), S. 267-275 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Schlagwort(e): Turbellaria ; Receptors ; Epidermis ; Secretory cells ; Electron microscopy
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Zusammenfassung Die Sinneskante des landlebenden Turbellars Bipalium kewense setzt sich aus folgenden Zellformen zusammen: Papillen und distaler Teil der Epithelfalten werden von einem versenkten Epithel bedeckt. Die distale Cytoplasmalage ist besonders dicht und durch ein tubuläres System gekennzeichnet, das offenbar aus dem Golgi-Apparat der Perikaryen hervorgegangen ist. Die Perikaryen sind tief versenkt und enthalten außer dem Kern granuläres ER, Mitochondrien, Golgi-Apparat und vor allem viel Glykogen. Die Epidermis ist zellig organisiert. In ihrem Bereich kommen drei Sekretzell-Formen vor, die ebenfalls weit in die unterlagernde Bindegewebs-Muskel-Lage hineinragen. Die Sinneskante ist durch zwei Receptor-Typen charakterisiert. Multipolare Zellen erreichen mit mehreren Dendriten die Körperoberfläche im Bereich der Papillen und dem äußeren Teil der Furchen des Kopfvorderrandes. Bipolare Zellen finden sich nur tief eingesenkt in den Sinnesgruben. In ihrem Bereich kommen keine Stützzellen vor. Außer durch die Gestalt sind beide Receptoren durch die Struktur ihrer Cilien unterschieden. Wabendesmosomen sind beiden gemeinsam.
    Notizen: Summary The sensory border of the land-dwelling turbellarian Bipalium kewense consists of the following cell types: Papillae and distal part of the epithelial folds are covered by epithelial cells, the perikarya of which lie deeply below the basal lamina. Their distal cytoplasm is particularly dense and characterized by a tubular system, which obviously originates from the Golgi apparatus. The perikarya contain beside the nucleus mitochondria, rough endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus and above all numerous glycogen particles. Within this cellular epidermis three types of secretory cells occur which also penetrate deeply into the underlying layer of connective and muscle tissues. The sensory border is marked by two types of receptor cells. In the area of the papillae and in the outer part of the furrows of the anterior rim of the head, multipolar cells extend several dendrites to the body surface. Bipolar cells have been observed only in the depth of the sensory grooves. In their surroundings no supportive cells occur. Except for their shape the sensory cells differ in the structure of their cilia. Both cell types are interconnected with neighbouring cells by comb-desmosomes.
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  • 194
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 133 (1972), S. 377-387 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Schlagwort(e): Subcommissural organ ; Albino rat ; Dehydration ; Cholinesterase activity ; Electron microscopy
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Summary Dehydration affected certain cytological features of the subcommissural organ in the albino rat suggesting a strong secretory stimulation of the ependymal and hypendymal cells of this organ in dehydrated animals. The cytoplasm of the secretory cells of the subcommissural organ in the dehydrated rats was filled with dilated and empty sacs and vacuoles of endoplasmic reticulum. The membrane system of the Golgi apparatus was also dilated, and more numerous vesicles and vacuoles of the Golgi complex were noticed after dehydration. In brains of the dehydrated animals, Reissner's fibre was not found in the lumen of the third ventricle, and only a few vesicles containing homogeneous secretory material were seen in the cytoplasm of the subcommissural secretory cells. In control animals, the activities of the specific and non-specific cholinesterases were localized in the cytoplasmic and nuclear membranes as well as in the rough and smooth endoplasmic reticulum. After dehydration, the activities of the specific and non-specific cholinesterases were strongly decreased.
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  • 195
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 133 (1972), S. 415-434 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Schlagwort(e): Pars intermedia ; Hereditary diabetes insipidus mice ; Hypertrophied pars intermedia ; Cell type ; Innervation ; Electron microscopy
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Summary The ultrastructure of the pars intermedia (PI) of the normal VII +/+ and hereditary nephrogenic diabetes inspidus DI Os/+ mice has been studied with particular reference to the morphology of the glandular cells and their innervation. Four types of cells were observed in both the genotypes of mice, 1) the light glandular cell, 2) the dark cell, 3) a type of cell similar to ependymal cells and 4) a small percentage of typical ACTH cells, observed mostly on the PI border of the cleft and rarely in the centre of PI. The predominant light glandular cells contain mainly two types of membrane bound granules: 1) electron dense core granules, which measure 1500–2500 Å and 2) electron lucent vesicles, which measure 3000–4000 Å in diameter. Granules of intermediate size with various density are also present in both types of mice. The electron dense core granules are predominant in DI Os/+ mice, whereas, electron lucent vesicles are predominant in the normal VII +/+ mice. Similar uniform size membrane bound electron dense granules have been observed in ACTH cells of PI and pars distalis. From earlier experimental evidences and the present observations, it is concluded that the dense core granules in PI may be synthesizing ACTH or ACTH-like substance. It is also discussed that these dense core granules may further mature and give rise to MSH in the form of electron lucent vesicles. If it is so, PI light glandular cells may have dual functions, of producing MSH and ACTH. One of the functions of ependymal-like cells, may be the transport of PI secretion. Three types of nerve endings are observed throughout the PI, making synaptic contact with the predominant cell type. The innervation is more in DI Os/+ mice than in normal mice. The classification of these nerves is according to Bargmann and co-workers 1) peptidergic neurosecretory fibers, contain mainly membrane bound dense core granules, measuring 1200 to 1800 Å, and are the classic neurosecretory granules; 2) adrenergic fibers, measuring 700–900 Å; 3) cholinergic fibers, measuring 300–400 Å. Adrenergic and cholinergic fibers are more towards the hypophysial cleft. The increased innervation, the synaptic contact, the extremely hypertrophied PI and the greater activity of its light glandular cells in the DI Os/+ mice show the PI is under the influence of the nervous system.
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  • 196
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 133 (1972), S. 463-474 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Schlagwort(e): Teleost ; Ultrastructure ; Red muscle ; White muscle
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Zusammenfassung Es wurden die Feinstruktur roter und weißer Muskelfasern des Seewasserteleostiers Seelachs (Gadus virens) untersucht und ultrastrukturelle Messungen und Analysen durchgeführt. Die Sarcomerlängen der roten Fasern liegen zwischen 1,60 und 1,82 μ, die der weißen zwischen 1,70 und 1,85 μ. Hinsichtlich des prozentualen Vorkommens von sarcoplasmatischem Reticulum und T-System bestehen zwischen roten und weißen Fasern keine wesentlichen Unterschiede. Beide Fasertypen zeichnen sich durch regelmäßiges Vorkommen von Triaden am Z-Streifen, deutliche M-Streifen und multiple Innervation aus. Ultrastrukturell unterscheiden sich die beiden Fasertypen dadurch, daß die roten Fasern dickere Z-Streifen und mehr Mitochondrien, die weißen peripher bandförmige Myofibrillen besitzen. Die Struktur der Fasern dieser beiden Muskeltypen wird im Hinblick auf deren mögliche Rolle beim Schwimmen diskutiert.
    Notizen: Summary The fine structure of the red and white myotomal muscles of a marine teleost, the coalfish Gadus virens, has been examined and ultrastructural measurements and analyses carried out. The sarcomere lengths of the red and white fibres were found to be 1.60 μ minimum, 1.82 μ maximum and 1.70 μ minimum, 1.85 μ maximum, respectively. No significant difference was found between the red and white fibres in their percentage of sarcoplasmic reticulum and T system. Both were found to have regularly occurring triads at the Z disk level, to have distinctive M lines and to be multiply innervated. Ultrastructurally the two fibres can be distinguished by the thicker Z line and more abundant mitochondria of the red fibre, and by the ribbon-shaped peripheral myofibrils of the white fibres. The structure of the fibres in these two types of muscle is discussed in relation to their possible role in swimming.
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  • 197
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 133 (1972), S. 529-537 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Schlagwort(e): Statocyst ; Pomacea paludosa ; Ultrastructure ; Cell types ; Ciliary orientation
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Summary Ultrastructural observations on the statocysts of the prosobranch gastropod Pomacea paludosa are reported in this paper. 1. The static nerve consists of a great number of naked axons with a diameter of 0.2–0.5 μm. Several axons are joined together to bundles by glia cells (Fig. 1). 2. The epithelium of the statocyst contains 2500–3000 hair (= sense) cells, each with an area of at most 75 μm2 (Fig. 2). This great number of hair cells is compared with the number of receptor cells in other gastropod statocysts. 3. The hair cells are surrounded by smaller supporting cells. The significance of the interlacing of hair and supporting cells and of the possible contact between hair cells is discussed. 4. Supporting cells possess microvilli and sometimes one modified cilium (Fig. 5). The hair cells bear microvilli and 30–40 cilia. These cilia have the typical 9+2 arrangement of the filaments, striated roots to one side of the basal body and a basal foot to the other (Fig. 3). 5. For each sense cell and even for larger areas of the statocyst wall the basal feet point nearly in the same direction (Fig. 4). Hence it is suggested (a) a directional sensitivity for each hair cell and (b) a correlation between the areas of same polarisation and the “groups” of nerve fibers. 6. Different types of vesicles in the nerve layer of the cyst wall (Fig. 6) and stimulation experiments give some evidence for an efferent innervation of the statocysts.
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  • 198
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 133 (1972), S. 327-352 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Schlagwort(e): Neurons ; Subsurface cisterns ; Lamellar bodies ; Endoplasmic reticulum ; Ultrastructure
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Summary Structures identified as subsurface cisterns (SSC's) and lamellar bodies (LB's) have been observed in the neurons, but not in the glial cells, of the rat and cat substantia nigra. The SSC's are most often opposite what appears to be glial cells, but they are also subsynaptic in position. A single, large (0.4–1.5 μ), unfenestrated, usually flattened cistern closely underlies the inner aspect of the plasma membrane of the perikaryon and proximal parts of the neuronal processes at a regular interval ranging about 100–130 Å. They are sheet-like or discoid in configuration and consists of a pentalaminar structure which usually widens at its lateral edges where its membranes are continuous with each other or with rough ER profiles. Filaments, about 70 Å thick, bridge the cleft between the SSC and the overlying plasmalemma. One or more ER cisterns devoid of ribosomes except on their outermost membrane may be stacked up parallel to an SSC and immediately subjecent to it. A dense filamentous network intervenes between the SSC and its closely applied ER cisterns. At higher magnification, it is seen to consist of a finely textured material which is apparently composed of loosely packed tiny particles. These constituent subunits in turn may represent transverse sections of very fine filaments rather than granules. A mitochondrion frequently occurs in the immediate vicinity of an SSC and may be closely applied to its deep surface. Stacks of unfenestrated, parallel, regularly spaced (about 300–400 Å) cisterns, designated lamellar bodies, appear deeper in the karyoplasm. They are most often flattened and appear as pentalaminar structures. These cisterns, as well as the dense filamentous network intervening between them, are structurally similar to those closely applied to SSC's. They are also devoid of ribosomes except on their outermost surfaces. Whorls of similar cisterns are also occasionally observed. Another particular feature of the rough ER consists of the close apposition of two cisterns without any ribosome attached to the inner membranes of the latter structure. It evokes a simplified type of LB's. It is of particular interest to point out that all these cisterns, i.e. the SSC's, their closely applied cistern(s) and those forming the LB's, are connected to the RER membranes, so that a continuous channel occurs between the nuclear membrane and the SSC which closely underlies the plasma membrane. Our observations show that the SSC's and the LB's are structurally related forms of the ER. A parallel may be drawn between the SSC and the lateral element(s) of a dyad (triad). The structural complex consisting of an SSC, the overlying plasmalemma and the cross-bridges linking them, indeed, bears some resemblance to a dyad. It is suggested that membranes which are closely applied may interact, resulting in alterations in their respective properties. These patches of the neuronal plasma membrane associated with SSC's may, therefore, have special properties because of this relationship, resulting in a non-uniform spread of an action potential on the neuronal surface. The possible significance of SSC's in relation to neuronal electrophysiology, as well as of the latter structures and LB's in relation to cell metabolism, is to be discussed.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 199
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 133 (1972), S. 559-569 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Schlagwort(e): Cervicovaginal anlage ; Estradiol sensitive antigen ; Mouse ; Cell differentiation ; Immunocytology ; Ultrastructure
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Summary Cells of the cervicovaginal epithelium of neonatal mice underwent morphological changes in response to estradiol injection. On the luminal border, estradiol treatment caused development of distinct microvilli and a prominent surface coat of delicate filamentous material. Very deep nuclear folds appeared, and the border between adjacent cells became strongly interdigitated. The cells developed a pronounced smooth and rough endoplasmic reticulum, and dark-stained membrane-bounded granules accumulated in the apical part of the cells. Estradiol promoted increased production of an antigenic material specific for the cervicovaginal epithelium (CVA). Immunofluorescence studies demonstrated CVA in the most apical part of the cells, in the extracellular material on the epithelial surface, and in the intercellular spaces between adjacent epithelial cells. This was confirmed by immunoferritin methods, which revealed that the antigen was localized to the surface coat and to material adhering closely to the exterior of the cell membrane, the part facing the lumen and also the part facing intercellular spaces. Within the cells, ferritin tagging was recognized around the membranes enclosing the dark-stained granules in the apical part of the cells and also on the inside of the luminal cell membrane. This is so interpreted that CVA acquires its antigenic properties when passing out from the dark-stained granules through the surrounding envelope. CVA apparently forms part of the glycocalyx of the cervicovaginal cells.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 200
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Schlagwort(e): Diplopoda ; Collar gland ; Ultrastructure ; Molting
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Zusammenfassung 1. Die unpaare Glandula perioesophagealis von Polyxenus lagurus ist eine endokrine Drüse. Sie liegt zwischen Pharynxdach und Gehirn. Im Bereich des Hinterkopfs umgibt sie den Vorderdarm manschettenförmig. 2. Die Drüse ist am Nervus glandulae perioesophagealis, der sich in ihr aufzweigt, befestigt. Viele Axone dieses Nervs führen Neurosekret. 3. Die Drüsenzellen sind typische Podocyten. Zwischen ihren Pedicellen erstrecken sich viele weitlumige Interzellularräume. In den Pedicellen findet man zahlreiche Vesikulationen. Benachbarte Pedicellen sind durch Diaphragmata verbunden. DarÜber hinaus sind die Drüsenzellen durch viele „Lysosomen“ und unregelmäßig gewundene, elektronendichte tubuläre Strukturen gekennzeichnet. Das endoplasmatische Retikulum ist spärlich entwickelt. 4. Tiere, bei denen experimentell die Häutung ausgelöst wurde, zeichnen sich durch aktivierte Drüsenzellen aus. Die Anzahl der Mitochondrien, Golgi-Komplexe, „Lysosomen“ und freien Ribosomen steigt jetzt an. Das endoplasmatische Retikulum tritt stark in Erscheinung. Es ist tubulär, häufig angeschwollen und mit flockigem Material gefüllt. Seine Membranen sind überwiegend mit Ribosomen besetzt, stellenweise aber auch agranulär. Jetzt treten auch zusammengesetzte Körper auf.
    Notizen: Summary 1. The unpaired glandula perioesophagealis of Polyxenus lagurus is an endocrine gland. It is located in the head between the roof of the pharynx and the brain. In the region of the back of the head it surrounds the foregut like a cuff. 2. The gland is attached to an unpaired “nervus glandulae perioesophagealis” which branches in it. Many axons of this nerve contain neurosecretory granules. 3. The gland cells are typical podocytes. Between their pedicles there are many wide intercellular spaces. A large number of cytoplasmic vesicles are found in the pedicles. Neighbouring pedicles are connected by diaphragmata. Moreover, the cells are characterized by many lysosome-like structures and tubular irregularly-bent electron-dense structures. The endoplasmic reticulum is sparsely developed. 4. In animals in experimentally-induced molting, the gland cells are activated: the numbers of mitochondria, Golgi complexes, lysosome-like structures and free ribosomes are increased. The endoplasmic reticulum is conspicuous; it is tubular, often swollen, and filled with floccular material. It is predominantly granular but smooth in places. Complex cytoplasmic bodies are detectable.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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