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  • 1995-1999  (787)
  • 1890-1899
  • 1860-1869
  • 1995  (787)
  • 1863
  • Engineering  (787)
  • 101
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 38 (1995) 
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 102
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    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 38 (1995), S. 3745-3774 
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Helmholtz equation ; finite element method ; error analysis ; Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: When applying numerical methods for the computation of stationary waves from the Helmholtz equation, one obtains ‘numerical waves’ that are dispersive also in non-dispersive media. The numerical wave displays a phase velocity that depends on the parameter k of the Helmholtz equation. In dispersion analysis, the phase difference between the exact and the numerical solutions is investigated. In this paper, the authors' recent result on the phase difference for one-dimensional problems is numerically evaluated and discussed in the context of other work directed to this topic. It is then shown that previous error estimates in H1-norm are of nondispersive character but hold for medium or high wavenumber on extremely refined mesh only. On the other hand, recently proven error estimates for constant resolution contain a pollution term. With certain assumptions on the exact solution, this term is of the order of the phase difference. Thus a link is established between the results of dispersion analysis and the results of numerical analysis. Throughout the paper, the presentation and discussion of theoretical results is accompanied by numerical evaluation of several model problems. Special attention is given to the performance of the Galerkin method with a higher order of polynomial approximation p(h-p-version).
    Additional Material: 16 Ill.
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  • 103
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    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 38 (1995), S. 3817-3830 
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: conformal map ; grid generation ; high aspect ratio ; airfoil ; Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: Conformal co-ordinate transformations are used to map rectangular computational domains onto arbitrary simply and doubly connected regions with smooth boundaries. The efficient numerical schemes of Wegmann involving the solution of the inverse boundary correspondence function problems associated with the mapping of the unit disc or circular annulus onto simply or doubly connected domains, respectively, are employed. The numerical implementation of these schemes is emphasized. Examples are generated for regions with elliptic inner and outer boundaries. Additional examples are used to demonstrate the accuracy and convergence of the schemes and their practical limitations. The techniques are found to converge well if holomorphic functions are used to describe the boundaries. The use of preconditioning maps is also discussed.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
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  • 104
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    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 38 (1995), S. 3909-3910 
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 105
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    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 38 (1995), S. 3911-3932 
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: spurious mechanism ; spurious pressure ; hybrid element ; stabilization ; Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: In two-dimensional penalty finite element analysis of incompressible materials, Q9/3P, the 9-node quadrilateral with three assumed quasi-pressure modes, is the most popular element not bothered by spurious pressure. In constructing the penalty matrix of Q9/3P, it is necessary to form a 3×18 matrix and a 3×3 symmetric matrix. The inverse of the symmetric matrix is then post- and pre-multiplied by the 3×18 matrix and its transpose, respectively. By employing a rank subtraction technique, a new and more efficient implementation scheme is devised for the penalty matrix. Same as the conventional Q9 element, when Q9/3P is fully integrated, it becomes expensive and too stiff. On the other hand, there are two spurious kinematic modes should the element be sub-integrated. In the proposed Q9/3P element, the two mechanisms will be annihilated by judiciously chosen higher-order assumed stress modes in conjunction with a modified Hellinger-Reissner functional. It will be demonstrated that the element is of good accuracy and high efficiency.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
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  • 106
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    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Numerical Linear Algebra with Applications 2 (1995), S. 487-505 
    ISSN: 1070-5325
    Keywords: biharmonic equation ; rectangular finite elements ; preconditioning ; multilevel methods ; Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics
    Notes: Recently, some new multilevel preconditioners for solving elliptic finite element discretizations by iterative methods have been proposed. They are based on appropriate splittings of the finite element spaces under consideration, and may be analyzed within the framework of additive Schwarz schemes. In this paper we discuss some multilevel methods for discretizations of the fourth-order biharmonic problem by rectangular elements and derive optimal estimates for the condition numbers of the preconditioned linear systems. For the Bogner-Fox-Schmit rectangle, the generalization of the Bramble-Pasciak-Xu method is discussed. As a byproduct, an optimal multilevel preconditioner for nonconforming discretizations by Adini elements is also derived.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
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  • 107
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    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Numerical Linear Algebra with Applications 2 (1995), S. 1-16 
    ISSN: 1070-5325
    Keywords: Boundary value problem ; Boundary element method ; Preconditioning ; Iterative method ; Parallel algorithm ; Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics
    Notes: The parallel version of precondition techniques is developed for matrices arising from the Galerkin boundary element method for two-dimensional domains with Dirichlet boundary conditions. Results were obtained for implementations on a transputer network as well as on an nCUBE-2 parallel computer showing that iterative solution methods are very well suited for a MIMD computer. A comparison of numerical results for iterative and direct solution methods is presented and underlines the superiority of iterative methods for large systems.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
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  • 108
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    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Numerical Linear Algebra with Applications 2 (1995), S. 335-346 
    ISSN: 1070-5325
    Keywords: multisplittings ; overlapping ; comparison results ; M-matrices ; waveform relaxation ; parallel algorithms ; Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics
    Notes: We show that certain multisplitting iterative methods based on overlapping blocks yield faster convergence than corresponding nonoverlapping block iterations, provided the coefficient matrix is an M-matrix. This result can be used to compare variants of the waveform relaxation algorithm for solving initial value problems. The methods under consideration use the same discretization technique, but are based on multisplittings with different overlaps. Numerical experiments on the Intel iPSC/860 hypercube are included.
    Additional Material: 2 Tab.
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  • 109
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    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Numerical Linear Algebra with Applications 2 (1995), S. 317-334 
    ISSN: 1070-5325
    Keywords: envelope reduction ; eigenvalues of graphs ; Gibbs - King algorithm ; Gibbs - Poole - Stockmeyer algorithm ; Laplacian matrices ; reordering algorithms ; reverse Cuthill - McKee algorithm ; sparse matrices ; Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics
    Notes: The problem of reordering a sparse symmetric matrix to reduce its envelope size is considered. A new spectral algorithm for computing an envelope-reducing reordering is obtained by associating a Laplacian matrix with the given matrix and then sorting the components of a specified eigenvector of the Laplacian. This Laplacian eigenvector solves a continuous relaxation of a discrete problem related to envelope minimization called the minimum 2-sum problem. The permutation vector computed by the spectral algorithm is a closest permutation vector to the specified Laplacian eigenvector. Numerical results show that the new reording algorithm usually computes smaller envelope sizes than those obtained from the current standards such as the Gibbs - Poole - Stockmeyer (GPS) algorithm or the reverse Cuthill - McKee (RCM) algorithm in SPARSPAK, in some cases reducing the envelope by more than a factor of two.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
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  • 110
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    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Numerical Linear Algebra with Applications 2 (1995), S. 395-397 
    ISSN: 1070-5325
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 111
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    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Numerical Linear Algebra with Applications 2 (1995), S. 347-361 
    ISSN: 1070-5325
    Keywords: finite elements ; multilevel methods ; optimal order preconditioners ; newest vertex mesh refinement ; Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics
    Notes: The application of some recently proposed algebraic multilevel methods for the solution of two-dimensional finite element problems on nonuniform meshes is studied. The locally refined meshes are created by the newest vertex mesh refinement method. After the introduction of this refinement technique it is shown that, by combining levels of refinement, a preconditioner of optimal order can be constructed for the case of local refinement along a line. Its relative condition number is accurately estimated. Numerical tests demonstrating the performance of the proposed preconditioners will be reported in a forthcoming paper.
    Additional Material: 12 Ill.
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  • 112
    Electronic Resource
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    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Numerical Linear Algebra with Applications 2 (1995) 
    ISSN: 1070-5325
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 113
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    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Numerical Linear Algebra with Applications 2 (1995), S. 399-399 
    ISSN: 1070-5325
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 114
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    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Numerical Linear Algebra with Applications 2 (1995), S. 431-445 
    ISSN: 1070-5325
    Keywords: order cone ; order unit ; K-monotone operator ; Barrier element ; Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics
    Notes: An abstract version of the well known Barrier Lemma is presented and some of its generalizations are shown for bounded linear and some unbounded densely defined linear monotone operators in some partially ordered Banach spaces. K-monotonicity of generally unbounded operators is characterized. Some applications of constructing error bounds for approximately solving equations governed by bounded linear operators are established.
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  • 115
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    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Numerical Linear Algebra with Applications 2 (1995), S. 363-393 
    ISSN: 1070-5325
    Keywords: Peaceman - Rachford procedure ; domain decomposition ; nonconforming finite element spaces ; parallel processing ; Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics
    Notes: This paper presents a general method to associate the operator splitting for the Peaceman - Rachford procedure with a decomposition of the domain in problems arising from finite element discretization of partial differential equations. The algorithm is provably convergent without any symmetry requirement. Moreover, this method possesses the significant advantage of making the linear systems of the Peaceman - Rachford iteration block diagonal and therefore perfectly appropriate for parallel processing. Not only is sparsity not affected but a reduction of the bandwidth occurs. In fact, for appropriate choices of nonconforming finite element spaces, this method makes directly possible elementwise processing. This option remains available in general for higher-dimensional problems by applying the splitting algorithm recursively. Practical implementation requires nothing more than the standard finite element assembly procedure and some bookkeeping to relate a few different orderings of the nodes. In addition to all these attractive features, the method is rapidly convergent and remains highly competitive even when used on a serial machine.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
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  • 116
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    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Numerical Linear Algebra with Applications 2 (1995), S. 401-414 
    ISSN: 1070-5325
    Keywords: conjugate gradient ; distributed computing ; analytic model ; Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics
    Notes: In this paper, we demonstrate the scalability of the Reduced System Conjugate Gradient (RSCG) algorithm on distributed memory architectures. We present speed-up results obtained on the Intel iPSC/860 that compare one-, two-, and three-dimensional decompositions of the domain for both positive definite and positive semidefinite test problems. We develop a model for the RSCG algorithm to analyze computational and communication costs. The model is validated using experimental data and then used to examine and predict behavior of the RSCG algorithm as a function of architecture parameters including communication latency and transmission times and memory access costs.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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  • 117
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    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Numerical Linear Algebra with Applications 2 (1995), S. 481-481 
    ISSN: 1070-5325
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics
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  • 118
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    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Numerical Linear Algebra with Applications 2 (1995), S. 467-479 
    ISSN: 1070-5325
    Keywords: generalized conjugate gradient ; orthogonal residual ; rate of convergence ; Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics
    Notes: To solve a linear system of equations with a generally nonsymmetric matrix, a generalized conjugate gradientorthogonal residual method is presented. The method uses all previous search directions (or a truncated set of them) at each step but, contrary to standard implementations of similar methods, it requires storage of only one set with a linearly growing number of vectors (or the number in the truncated set). Furthermore, there is only one vector (the residual), which must be updated using all the vectors in this set, at each step. In this respect it is similar to the popular GMRES method but it has the additional advantage that it can stop at any stage when the norm of the residual is sufficiently small and no extra computation is needed to compute this norm. Furthermore, the new method can be truncated.The rate of convergence of the method is also discussed.
    Additional Material: 3 Tab.
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  • 119
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    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Numerical Linear Algebra with Applications 2 (1995) 
    ISSN: 1070-5325
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics
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  • 120
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    Numerical Linear Algebra with Applications 2 (1995), S. ii 
    ISSN: 1070-5325
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics
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  • 121
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    Numerical Linear Algebra with Applications 2 (1995), S. 507-531 
    ISSN: 1070-5325
    Keywords: Cholesky decomposition ; singular values ; eigenvalues ; null spaces ; noise spaces ; URV and ULV factorizations ; QR algorithm ; LR algorithm ; Jacobi methods ; Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics
    Notes: The implicit Cholesky algorithm has been developed by several authors during the last 10 years but under different names. We identify the algorithm with a special version of Rutishauser's LR algorithm. Intermediate quantities in the transformation furnish several attractive approximations to the smallest singular value.The paper extols the advantages of using shifts with the algorithm. The nonorthogonal transformations improve accuracy.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
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  • 122
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    Numerical Linear Algebra with Applications 2 (1995), S. 543-545 
    ISSN: 1070-5325
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics
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  • 123
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    Communications in Numerical Methods in Engineering 11 (1995) 
    ISSN: 1069-8299
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
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  • 124
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    Communications in Numerical Methods in Engineering 11 (1995), S. iii 
    ISSN: 1069-8299
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
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  • 125
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    Communications in Numerical Methods in Engineering 11 (1995), S. 1-11 
    ISSN: 1069-8299
    Keywords: vibration ; spline prism method ; thick rectangular plate ; 3D elasticity theory ; Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: The paper presents an application of the spline prism method to analyse vibration of isotropic, thick rectangular plates with two opposite edges simply supported. Three-dimensional spline prism models are formulated by combining B-spline functions with beam eigenfunctions. Because of the orthogonality of the beam functions, three-dimensional problems are reduced to a series of two-dimensional ones. To demonstrate the accuracy and convergence of the semi-numerical method, the results are compared with those obtained by other numerical methods. Good convergence and accuracy are obtained. The effects of the ratio of thickness to width and the aspect ratio on the frequencies of thick rectangular plates with several boundary conditions are analysed, and the results are compared with those calculated by the Mindlin plate theory.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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  • 126
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    Communications in Numerical Methods in Engineering 11 (1995), S. 33-40 
    ISSN: 1069-8299
    Keywords: boundary conditions ; streamfunction-vorticity equations ; Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: The appropriate specification of boundary conditions is the main difficulty in the finite element solution of the streamfunction-vorticity equations for two-dimensional incompressible laminar flows. In this context, we show that the appropriate specification of both the outflow and the inflow boundary conditions is required for the successful modelling of two well known test problems.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
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  • 127
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    Communications in Numerical Methods in Engineering 11 (1995), S. 73-90 
    ISSN: 1069-8299
    Keywords: circular plate ; viscoelasticity ; equilibrium states ; deformation map ; Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: The geometrically non-linear response of a circular plate is investigated by means of a ‘deformation map’. The plate is subjected to static radial forces and bending moments, both uniformly distributed along the supported edges, in addition to a transverse load. The deformation map gives the complete picture for the investigated structure. The classical formulation of large deformation for the above-mentioned problem goes back to Timoshenko (1940). To create a deformation map, it is necessary to convert the boundary value problem into an initial value problem (Cauchy's problem). The Runge-Kutta (RK) method can then be used to solve numerically the equilibrium equations for the above-mentioned circular plate. In the paper several kinds of transverse loading are considered and their influence on the plate response is examined. It is shown that in some cases the plate's behaviour is chaotic-like (unpredictable), in the sense that various equilibrium states are possible for a certain given set of loads. Yet, it is shown that the viscoelasticity reduces the range of the possible equilibrium states, and thus stabilizes the system.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
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  • 128
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    Communications in Numerical Methods in Engineering 11 (1995) 
    ISSN: 1069-8299
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
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  • 129
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    Communications in Numerical Methods in Engineering 11 (1995), S. iii 
    ISSN: 1069-8299
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
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  • 130
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    Communications in Numerical Methods in Engineering 11 (1995), S. 105-115 
    ISSN: 1069-8299
    Keywords: finite element method ; conceptual diagrams ; error estimation ; postprocessing ; teaching ; Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: The success of the finite element method depends on the highly systematic way the analysis is built up, which means that the structure of the theoretical description and the code is transferable between different applications. It is advisable to teach the subject in such a way that this fact is fully exploited. It is a fact that most FE calculations today do not contain a check of the accuracy/quality of the solution. In the teaching of the FE method nothing is more important than the basic knowledge and understanding of the properties and behaviour of the obtained FE solution. The paper deals with the methodology in presenting the method, by use of conceptual diagrams. It also discusses the interpretation of the results from a classical FE analysis and the extraction of high quality information. Finally, error estimation and postprocessing are discussed. The detailed description of the boundary conditions is lost in the FE solution. In the postprocessing stage they should be taken into account once more.
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  • 131
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    Communications in Numerical Methods in Engineering 11 (1995), S. 97-103 
    ISSN: 1069-8299
    Keywords: dispersion relation ; isotropy ; numerical dispersion ; stiffness integration ; zero wave speed ; Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: The dispersion properties of plane waves, propagating in an infinite uniform mesh with linear cubic 3D finite elements, are investigated. Time discretization is performed with the central-difference time-stepping scheme in combination with lumped mass matrices. The stiffness matrices are integrated analytically with different integration schemes, and dispersion relations are derived. The results show that the stiffness integration scheme can be chosen to reduce dispersion and improve the isotropy of wave propagation. It is also observed that the numerical wave speed becomes zero along certain wave propagation directions for specific wave numbers.
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  • 132
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    Communications in Numerical Methods in Engineering 11 (1995), S. 127-135 
    ISSN: 1069-8299
    Keywords: conformal mapping ; numerical grids ; Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: We develop some special conformal maps and related strategies for grid generation in certain ‘difficult’ domains. Of particular interest are non-convex domains, and domains with corners and cusps.
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  • 133
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    Communications in Numerical Methods in Engineering 11 (1995), S. 339-345 
    ISSN: 1069-8299
    Keywords: numerical integration ; plasticity ; pressure-dependent plasticity ; porous metals ; Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: A general methodology for the numerical integration of pressure-dependent plasticity models is developed, and the corresponding ‘linearization moduli’ are derived.
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  • 134
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    Communications in Numerical Methods in Engineering 11 (1995), S. 347-353 
    ISSN: 1069-8299
    Keywords: assumed strain methods ; Hu-Washizu principle ; stress recovery ; Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: An alternative justification of the B-bar procedure using the Hu-Washizu variational principle is presented. In contrast to previous work, the derivation starts from the three groups of algebraic equations (strain-displacement equations, stress-strain equations and equations of equilibrium) obtained by discretization of the Hu-Washizu functional. Based on an appropriate assumption, these equations can be manipulated to yield the element stiffness matrix in the form typical of the B-bar procedure. This approach directly leads to a stress-recovery formula different from the one suggested before. The theory is illustrated by application to a family of quadrilateral plane elements.
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  • 135
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    Communications in Numerical Methods in Engineering 11 (1995), S. 630-630 
    ISSN: 1069-8299
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
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  • 136
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    Communications in Numerical Methods in Engineering 11 (1995), S. 765-774 
    ISSN: 1069-8299
    Keywords: spectral methods ; Chebȳshev collocation ; Galerkin collocation ; boundary layer equations ; preconditioned minimum residual ; Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: A comparison is made between the performance of the (aliased) Chebȳshev collocation method (CM) and the more recent Galerkin collocation method (GCM), which is a least-squares collocation method, in solving the laminar, incompressible, steady boundary-layer equations, which are parabolic in nature. An iterative procedure based on the preconditioned residual minimization method has been used. It is shown that the GCM is superior to the CM on several counts. Unlike the CM, the GCM minimizes the residual uniformly over the entire domain. The global accuracy of the solution is found to be higher in the GCM, at lower grid resolutions. The method also achieves much higher convergence rates. Unlike in the collocation method, the final residual values obtained in the GCM are good indicators of the level of accuracy achieved in the solution. It is highly likely that these results will be repeatable in other systems of parabolic partial differential equations.
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  • 137
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    Communications in Numerical Methods in Engineering 11 (1995), S. 789-790 
    ISSN: 1069-8299
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
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  • 138
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    Communications in Numerical Methods in Engineering 11 (1995) 
    ISSN: 1069-8299
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
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  • 139
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    Communications in Numerical Methods in Engineering 11 (1995), S. 791-792 
    ISSN: 1069-8299
    Keywords: checkerboard patterns ; P2 - P1 discontinuous pressure elements ; Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: In this note we obtain the checkerboard patterns of P2 - P1 discontinuous pressure elements for the Stokes problem The results are more complete than those previously presented.
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  • 140
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    Communications in Numerical Methods in Engineering 11 (1995), S. 775-787 
    ISSN: 1069-8299
    Keywords: finite element theory ; explicit stiffness matrices ; hybrid stress method ; Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: A general methodology for deriving explicit element stiffness matrices in hybrid stress formulations has recently been developed by the author. The technique utilizes special stress field transformations to eliminate the complementary energy matrix inherent to hybrid formulations, thus simplifying the stiffness definition such that an explicit evaluation can be accomplished. The elimination of numerical integration and matrix inversion results in a substantial decrease in computational cost. The methodology is applied to derive explicit algebraic expressions for the Pian-Tong hexahedral element stiffness matrix.
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  • 141
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    Communications in Numerical Methods in Engineering 11 (1995), S. 995-1003 
    ISSN: 1069-8299
    Keywords: bandwidth ; ordering ; finite elements ; graphs ; algorithms ; sparsity ; Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: Graph theoretical algorithms are presented for finite element nodal ordering to reduce the bandwidth of their stiffness matrices. Five different graphs are defined for representing the connectivity of FE models, and the problem of finite element nodal ordering is transformed into that of a graph nodal ordering. The efficiencies of these methods are compared through examples of two- and three-dimensional finite element models.
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  • 142
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    Communications in Numerical Methods in Engineering 11 (1995), S. 1005-1013 
    ISSN: 1069-8299
    Keywords: infinite boundary element ; mapping ; element integration formulae ; Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: For elastodynamic problems in an elastic half-space, the idea of describing the displacement variation on the free ground surface outside the region being studied with the fundamental solution in a full space is presented in the paper. Then a corresponding mapped infinite boundary element is constructed for the problems of anti-plane motion. The computed results show that such an element can be applied effectively to obtain high-precision solutions.
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  • 143
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    Communications in Numerical Methods in Engineering 11 (1995), S. 1015-1024 
    ISSN: 1069-8299
    Keywords: localization ; volumetric locking ; pressure formulation ; Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: Computation of failure mechanisms is of paramount importance for engineers assessing safety of structures. However, computation of failure loads and mechanisms presents numerical difficulties leading to wrong answers, especially in the case where failure consists in localization of plastic deformation or damage in localized zones. Here, the results depend on factors like mesh alignment and element distortion. The paper addresses the problem of designing a suitable patch test to assess element performance under localized failure. It will be shown how predictions of this test provide a reliable answer to the question of whether a particular element will or will not be suitable for such failure computations.
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  • 144
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    Communications in Numerical Methods in Engineering 11 (1995), S. 1025-1032 
    ISSN: 1069-8299
    Keywords: flux lines ; current distributions ; magnetic inverse problem ; voltage distribution ; Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: The display of isopotential contours is a standard technique in the interpretation of results generated by the finite element analysis of voltage distribution problems. The complementary display of the current flow or flux lines is in many ways more useful intuitively, but has not been used widely in finite element analyses. We describe a simple method for generating flux line distributions, and discuss the method as applied to the reconstruction of current distributions from magnetic field maps.
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  • 145
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    Communications in Numerical Methods in Engineering 11 (1995), S. 1033-1038 
    ISSN: 1069-8299
    Keywords: electric field ; vector potential ; electrostatic ; electric force surface ; curve integral ; Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: A finite difference algorithm for plotting the electric force surface is presented in three-dimensional electrostatic field computation. Based on the flux concept, the nodal electric flux is calculated numerically through the curve integral of the electric displacement vector which was obtained by a numerical differentiation of the nodal electric potential. This latter is calculated by a finite difference method. The electric force surface may also be plotted.
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  • 146
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    Communications in Numerical Methods in Engineering 11 (1995), S. 1047-1048 
    ISSN: 1069-8299
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
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  • 147
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    International Journal of Numerical Modelling: Electronic Networks, Devices and Fields 8 (1995), S. 221-232 
    ISSN: 0894-3370
    Keywords: Engineering ; Electrical and Electronics Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: This paper describes a parallel three-dimensional finite difference time-domain (FDTD) code for electromagnetic field simulation that has been developed for the Connection Machine (CM-2). The CM-2 is briefly discussed. Then the FDTD method is reviewed using a one-dimensional example, and the extensions required for the 3-D case are outlined. The parallelization of the FDTD method is considered, and a simple analytical timing model is dervied. This model predicts the efficiency of the parallelized algorithm as a function of grain size. Some specific points relating to the implementation of the parallel FDTD algorithm in Fortrans-90 on the CM-2 are discussed. Timing data for the parallel 3-D FDTD code measured on a CM-2 is presented and compared qualitatively with the theoretical model. These results are then put into perspective for a particular computations electromagnetics problem, viz. the development of software tools for full-wave modelling of 3-D optical devices. Finally, we draw some conclusions about this work.
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  • 148
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    International Journal of Numerical Modelling: Electronic Networks, Devices and Fields 8 (1995), S. 265-275 
    ISSN: 0894-3370
    Keywords: Engineering ; Electrical and Electronics Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: Parallel algorithms for the finite difference time-domain (FDTD), the planar generalized Yee (PGY), and the finite element time-domain (FETD) methods are presented. The FDTD and the PGY algorithms are both explicit time-domain solutions of Maxwell's equations, while the PGY algorithm is based on an unstructured grid. The FETD algorithm is a semi-implicit solution of Maxwell's equations using variational principles, and thus requires a matrix inversion for every time iteration. The three parallel algorithms are based on spatial decompositions of the discrete three-dimensional problem spaces. A comparative analysis of the parallel algorithms is presented based on their memory and computational efficiency as well as their parallel efficiency.
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  • 149
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    International Journal of Numerical Modelling: Electronic Networks, Devices and Fields 8 (1995), S. 313-313 
    ISSN: 0894-3370
    Keywords: Engineering ; Electrical and Electronics Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
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  • 150
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    International Journal of Numerical Modelling: Electronic Networks, Devices and Fields 8 (1995), S. 1-1 
    ISSN: 0894-3370
    Keywords: Engineering ; Electrical and Electronics Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
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  • 151
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    International Journal of Numerical Modelling: Electronic Networks, Devices and Fields 8 (1995), S. 29-49 
    ISSN: 0894-3370
    Keywords: Engineering ; Electrical and Electronics Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: This paper describes a phase model of an induction motor based on Transmission-Line Modelling technique. Its main advantage compared to the existing TLM d-q model is the possibility of using a small part of the stator self-inductance of each pahase as a link model to connect the motor to external sources and drives. Unlike the d-q model, the phase model does not therefore require any additional components for connection purposes. The application of the phase model is demonstrated by and example representing a traction drive ciruit. Identical simulation results to those obtained from a different study based on a d-q model are derived.
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  • 152
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    International Journal of Numerical Modelling: Electronic Networks, Devices and Fields 8 (1995), S. 61-71 
    ISSN: 0894-3370
    Keywords: Engineering ; Electrical and Electronics Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: An analogy is described between the TLM algorithm and discrete state-space control theory. The analogy is used to derive the characteristic equations corresponding to parametrized model structures. Characteristic equations corresponding to several widely used node structures are derived by this means and found to be consistent with the observed behaviour of corresponding TLM models. An example is given of the use of the analogy in teh predictive mode.
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  • 153
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    International Journal of Numerical Modelling: Electronic Networks, Devices and Fields 8 (1995), S. 95-107 
    ISSN: 0894-3370
    Keywords: Engineering ; Electrical and Electronics Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: In this work, we show the implementation of two explicit three-dimensional finite-difference beam propagation methods (BPM) on two different parallel computers, namely a transputer array and a Connection Machine (CM). To assess the performance of using parallel computers, serial computer codes of the two methods have ben implemented and a comparison between the speed of the serial and paralledl codes has been made. Large gains in the speed of the paralled FD-BPMs has been obtained compared to the serial implementations. In addition, a comparison between the performance of the transputer array and the CM in executing the two FD-BPMs has been discussed. Finally, to assess and compare the two methods, three different rib waveguides and three different directional couplers have been analysed and the results compared with published results.
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  • 154
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    International Journal of Numerical Modelling: Electronic Networks, Devices and Fields 8 (1995), S. 139-147 
    ISSN: 0894-3370
    Keywords: Engineering ; Electrical and Electronics Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: This paper presents a circuit-based model of a current carrying conductor that can provide instantaneous ohmic losses under surge conditions. The model is frequency independent and can be used to calculate transient current characteristics of surges on overhead transmission lines. The theoretical current distribution under lightning surge conditions is used to demonstrate the validity of the model and the results are compared with values obtained using a finite element analysis package. There is a good correlation between the two methods with the circuit-based model having the advantages of being less cumbersome, requiring shorter computation time and being simple to implement in transient analysis packages.
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  • 155
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    International Journal of Numerical Modelling: Electronic Networks, Devices and Fields 8 (1995), S. 331-340 
    ISSN: 0894-3370
    Keywords: Engineering ; Electrical and Electronics Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: This paper presents a new method in TLM for very efficient computation of highly conducting thin shielding walls. Firstly, the impulse response of a finite conducting sheet is computed analytically via inverse Laplace transform. Subsequently, a recursive convolution integral is formulated with the analytical impulse response. This allows a very efficient and accurate calculation of the diffusion process through imperfectly conducting walls.
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  • 156
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    International Journal of Numerical Modelling: Electronic Networks, Devices and Fields 8 (1995), S. 382-383 
    ISSN: 0894-3370
    Keywords: Engineering ; Electrical and Electronics Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
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  • 157
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    International Journal of Numerical Modelling: Electronic Networks, Devices and Fields 8 (1995), S. 417-429 
    ISSN: 0894-3370
    Keywords: Engineering ; Electrical and Electronics Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: The scattering of conducting regular polyhedrons of resonant size is studied by means of the electrical field integral equation (EFIE) and the method of moments (MoM). Two models are generated for each polyhedron, a wire grid model and a triangular patch model. Two numerical codes associated with those modelling techniques are used to obtain the radar cross section (RCS) of the polyhedrons. The calculated results are compared with the analytical results of the scattering of a perfectly conducting sphere. Practical criteria relating geometric properties of the sphere and the polyhedrons are investigated for the modelling of curved surfaces by facets in electromagnetic simulations.
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  • 158
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    International Journal of Numerical Modelling: Electronic Networks, Devices and Fields 8 (1995), S. 431-445 
    ISSN: 0894-3370
    Keywords: Engineering ; Electrical and Electronics Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: The paper presents the application of nonlinear neural optimization networks to solve the linear complementarity problem. Two different approaches are presented and investigated: one leading to linear and the second to quadratic optimization programming. The numerical results of illustrative examples are given and discussed.
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  • 159
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    International Journal of Numerical Modelling: Electronic Networks, Devices and Fields 8 (1995) 
    ISSN: 0894-3370
    Keywords: Engineering ; Electrical and Electronics Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
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  • 160
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    International Journal of Numerical Modelling: Electronic Networks, Devices and Fields 8 (1995), S. 153-168 
    ISSN: 0894-3370
    Keywords: Engineering ; Electrical and Electronics Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: In electromagnetics, a numerical technique that finds immense application is the method of moments. This method reduces the boundary value problem containing integro-differential equations into the form AX = Y, where A is a full complex matrix, that is known and X is the unknown to be solved for the given excitation Y. In this paper, the matrix equation has been solved on various computers such as the VAX 3500, VAX 8530, Multimax 320, Alliant FX/80 and IBM 3090-600E. Two of the established methods, viz. gaussian elimination and the conjugate gradient method have been used to solve the above matrix equations. A detailed timing analysis has been done to bring out the features of various computer architectures.
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  • 161
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    International Journal of Numerical Modelling: Electronic Networks, Devices and Fields 8 (1995), S. 233-242 
    ISSN: 0894-3370
    Keywords: Engineering ; Electrical and Electronics Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: This paper examines the use of parallel processing techniques for the electromagnetic field analysis of multilayered microwave interconnects. These techniques are applied to a full-wave formulation using an integral equation approach in the frequency domain. In order to demonstrate the feasibility of parallelization and to assess its performance advantages, several variations of the computer code have been developed. Performance tests using domain partitioning and load balancing were conducted on a 32-processor shared-memory machine (KSR1).
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  • 162
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    International Journal of Numerical Modelling: Electronic Networks, Devices and Fields 8 (1995), S. 249-263 
    ISSN: 0894-3370
    Keywords: Engineering ; Electrical and Electronics Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: The planar generalized Yee (PGY) algorithm is an extension of the generalized Yee algorithm and the discrete surface integral (DSI) methods, which are based on explicit time-marching solutions of Maxwell's equations. Specifically, the PGY algorithm exploits the planar symmetries of printed microwave circuit devices, achieving great savings in both CPU time and memory. Since the PGY algorithm is an explicit method, it has a high degree of parallelism. To this end, a highly scalable parallel algorithm based on a spatial decomposition of the general unstructured mesh is presented. Two spatial decompositions are compared, the recursive inertia partitioning (RIP) algorithm and the Greedy algorithm. The Greedy algorithm provides optimal load balance, whereas the RIP algorithm more effectively minimizes shared boundary interface lengths. Through numerical examples, It is demostrated that the Greedy algorithm provides superior speedups. It is also demonstrated that the parallel PGY algorithm is a highly scalable algorithm.
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  • 163
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    International Journal of Numerical Modelling: Electronic Networks, Devices and Fields 8 (1995), S. 283-291 
    ISSN: 0894-3370
    Keywords: Engineering ; Electrical and Electronics Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: The finite difference time-domain (FDTD) method is a well known numerical technique that has been used to solve electromagnetic boundary value problems. However, the method requires large computational resources to solve a problem, restricting its use on sequential computers to small problems.This has led to the use of expensive supercomputers in the past to solve larger problems. In this paper we first discuss existing parallel implementations of the FDTD method. We then describe an approach to compute the FDTD equations based on distributed- memory computer architectures. Finally we evaluate a low-cost parallel implementation of the FDTD method that runs on a network of Workstations, utilizing spare network capacity.
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  • 164
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    International Journal of Numerical Modelling: Electronic Networks, Devices and Fields 8 (1995), S. 301-312 
    ISSN: 0894-3370
    Keywords: Engineering ; Electrical and Electronics Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: In this paper, the potential use of cellular automata machines for electromagnetic field solution is investigated. Cellular automata are computational models that operate on a discrete spatial lattice, evolve in discrete time, and employ simple discrete variables. We specifically examine the lattice gas automata which use simple variables to describe particles that interact with nearest neighbours on the lattice through simple rules. They are suitable for modelling the linear wave equation in two dimensions. A benefit of the cellular automata approach is that low-cost, special-purpose digital hardware exists for their efficient evaluation. The current state-of-the-art cellular automata machine is CAM-8. Computational experiments carried out on CAM-8 are provided for problems involving plane wave interaction with perfectly conducting and dielectric media in two dimensions. The examples indicate the potential use of lattice gas automata for modelling electromagnetics and their efficient evaluation using cellular automata machines.
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  • 165
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    International Journal of Numerical Modelling: Electronic Networks, Devices and Fields 8 (1995) 
    ISSN: 0894-3370
    Keywords: Engineering ; Electrical and Electronics Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
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  • 166
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    International Journal of Numerical Modelling: Electronic Networks, Devices and Fields 8 (1995), S. 3-12 
    ISSN: 0894-3370
    Keywords: Engineering ; Electrical and Electronics Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: This paper details the use of a circuit-based EM modelling technique combined with a harmonic balance simulator used to model the radiation from the microstrip bodies comprising an active antenna circuit. The modelling approach adopted for the planar bodies in the circuit will be shown to allow the use of concurrent algorithms in order to reduce overall computational time.
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  • 167
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    International Journal of Numerical Modelling: Electronic Networks, Devices and Fields 8 (1995), S. 13-27 
    ISSN: 0894-3370
    Keywords: Engineering ; Electrical and Electronics Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: This paper presents an analysis of the numerical algorithms used to model microwave semiconductor devices. A comparison is made of the relative merits and features of the more popular finite difference schemes. A new generalized Scharfetter-Gummel formulation is presented which is compatible with drift diffusion and energy-transport formulations, and is suitable for implementing in two-dimensional simulations on personal computers. The treatment allows for fully degenerate semiconductors, but implementation for the nondegenerate situation is easily obtained as a special case. The convergence and stability properties of the generalized scheme are discussed. The simulation of a planar submicrometre gate length GaAs MESFET is used to illustrate the application of these algorithms.
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    International Journal of Numerical Modelling: Electronic Networks, Devices and Fields 8 (1995), S. 73-73 
    ISSN: 0894-3370
    Keywords: Engineering ; Electrical and Electronics Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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  • 169
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    International Journal of Numerical Modelling: Electronic Networks, Devices and Fields 8 (1995) 
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    Keywords: Engineering ; Electrical and Electronics Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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  • 170
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    International Journal of Numerical Modelling: Electronic Networks, Devices and Fields 8 (1995), S. 109-125 
    ISSN: 0894-3370
    Keywords: Engineering ; Electrical and Electronics Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: This paper describes a computer program for generating finite element meshes for electron guns. Two new methods, the ‘projection’ and the ‘mesh density function’ methods, are used to generate the mesh. The new methods enable the mesh distribution to be set smothly and changed easily, and also enable the mesh distribution to be adjusted according to parameters associated with the gun configuration or by feedback from the electric field calculation. The new program, which can handle a large variety of complicated electron gun structures, has been used in conjunction with the SOGUN program which has been developed by Zhu and Munro for electron gun simulation.
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    Keywords: Engineering ; Electrical and Electronics Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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  • 172
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    International Journal of Numerical Modelling: Electronic Networks, Devices and Fields 8 (1995), S. 341-356 
    ISSN: 0894-3370
    Keywords: Engineering ; Electrical and Electronics Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: A novel transmission-line model for the minority carrier transport through quasi-neutral arbitrarily doped layers is proposed. Based on detailed drift-diffusion equations, the novel TLEC includes the inductance that represents the influence of the relaxation-time term. Coupled with a object-orientated hybrid circuit simulator, the novel transmission-line model is implemented for the transient analysis of minority carrier transport. A substantial longer storage time of the minority carrier transient current at the collector end of ultra-narrow base is predicted owing to inclusion of the relaxation-time term.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
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  • 173
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    International Journal of Numerical Modelling: Electronic Networks, Devices and Fields 8 (1995), S. 367-379 
    ISSN: 0894-3370
    Keywords: Engineering ; Electrical and Electronics Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: The behaviours of parasitic bipolar transistors are investigated by exploring the physical mechanisms of negative resistance characteristics generated in a small-sized MOSFET structure. Physical experiments and three-dimensional simulations verify the expected negative resistance characteristics. The effects of variations of device parameters such as injected substrate current levels, doping concentrations, channel widths, and physical device sizes are investigated by simulation. According to simulation results, the operation of a parasitic bipolar transistor is initiated by the injected substrate current; this explains the negative resistance characteristics occurring at low operating voltages.
    Additional Material: 13 Ill.
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  • 174
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    International Journal of Numerical Modelling: Electronic Networks, Devices and Fields 8 (1995), S. 205-219 
    ISSN: 0894-3370
    Keywords: Engineering ; Electrical and Electronics Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: PMC-3D, a parallel three-dimensional (3-D) Monte Carlo device simulator for multicomputers is discussed. The parallel algorithm is and extension of the standard Monte Carlo device simulation model in three dimensions, that combines the stockastic Monte Carlo particle simulation method with a solution of Poisson equation for quasi-static problems, and full Maxwell's equations for microwave or electro-optic phenomena. While our implementation of the Poisson solver is based on an iterative method that uses and odd/even ordering with Chebyshev acceleration, a simple leapfrog method based upon the computational unit of Yee cell is used in a finite-difference, time-domain (FDTD) formulation to solve Maxwell's equations.The parallel algorithms were implemented on a 1024-node distributed memory nCUBE multicomputer. In this work, we present the application of PMC-3D to generate the static current-Voltage characteristics of GaAs MESFET, and to simulate photogenerated femtosecond electrical transients produced in coplanar stripline on a GaAs substrate.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
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  • 175
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    International Journal of Numerical Modelling: Electronic Networks, Devices and Fields 8 (1995), S. 74-74 
    ISSN: 0894-3370
    Keywords: Engineering ; Electrical and Electronics Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
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  • 176
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    International Journal of Numerical Modelling: Electronic Networks, Devices and Fields 8 (1995), S. 77-94 
    ISSN: 0894-3370
    Keywords: Engineering ; Electrical and Electronics Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: A two-dimensional lossy shunt TLM node is incorporated into a TLM system and adapted to model for the first time the Maxwell field equations in thin semiconductor samples. Both the characteristics of the node and the TLM system itself are fully described. By considering a parallel-plate structure containing a thin GaAs sample, driven by a voltage source, it is shown, with an example, that this TLM technique can simulate the response of non-stationary electromagnetic fields in a semiconductor to applied excitations.
    Additional Material: 16 Ill.
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  • 177
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    International Journal of Numerical Modelling: Electronic Networks, Devices and Fields 8 (1995), S. 149-149 
    ISSN: 0894-3370
    Keywords: Engineering ; Electrical and Electronics Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
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  • 178
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    International Journal of Numerical Modelling: Electronic Networks, Devices and Fields 8 (1995), S. 315-330 
    ISSN: 0894-3370
    Keywords: Engineering ; Electrical and Electronics Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: Transmission-line laser models (TLLMs) are time-domain models suitable for the simulation of complex phenomena in semiconductor lasers. TLLMs include time-domain filters based on transmission-line stubs to model the spectral dependence of the material gain. In this paper, numerical simulations are presented which show that the accuracy of these gain models is dependent on the model's iteration timestep. Analytical formulae are derived that relate the accuracy of the filters to the timestep, filter centre frequency, and filter bandwindth. A new wideband stub filter which allows the material gain to be modelled using a larger timestep is presented. This is equivalent to a digital infinite-impulse-response filter, which is more computationally efficient than finite-impulse-response filters, and is unconditionally stable. The new gain model can improve the computational speed for simulating for multimode Fabry-Perot lasers by a factor of 10-100.
    Additional Material: 13 Ill.
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  • 179
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    International Journal of Numerical Modelling: Electronic Networks, Devices and Fields 8 (1995), S. 383-383 
    ISSN: 0894-3370
    Keywords: Engineering ; Electrical and Electronics Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
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  • 180
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    International Journal of Numerical Modelling: Electronic Networks, Devices and Fields 8 (1995) 
    ISSN: 0894-3370
    Keywords: Engineering ; Electrical and Electronics Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
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  • 181
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    International Journal of Numerical Modelling: Electronic Networks, Devices and Fields 8 (1995), S. 385-398 
    ISSN: 0894-3370
    Keywords: Engineering ; Electrical and Electronics Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: A typical application of numerical frequency-domain computations is the calculation of electromagnetic fields in cavities. Not only the field vectors of the desired modes, but also parameters such as the resonance frequency and, in the lossy case, the damping coefficient and the quality factor of the cavity can be obtained. This problem leads to an analytical eigenvalue equation, which can be transformed in an algebraic, complex, linear eigenvalue problem by the finite integration method.The consideration of energy losses in materials is straighforward in the analytical theory, using complex material quantities, but it is still a difficult subject area to solve a complex algebraic eigenvalue problem. Generally problems with very large, complex matrices (dimension 〉100,000) have to be solved, and no commonly applicable algorithm is known so far.This paper deals with a special variant of subspace iteration with polynomial acceleration, and some problems of the application of the complex Chebyshev polynomials are discussed. Two examples with weakly lossy cavities demonstrate the capability of the new algorithm, which is successfully applied to very large problems of up to 490, 000 real unknowns.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
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  • 182
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    International Journal of Numerical Modelling: Electronic Networks, Devices and Fields 8 (1995), S. 151-151 
    ISSN: 0894-3370
    Keywords: Engineering ; Electrical and Electronics Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
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  • 183
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    International Journal of Numerical Modelling: Electronic Networks, Devices and Fields 8 (1995), S. 169-185 
    ISSN: 0894-3370
    Keywords: Engineering ; Electrical and Electronics Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: This paper describes the implementation of transmission-line matirix (TLM) method algorithms on a massively parallel computer (DECmpp 12000), the technique of distributed computing in the UNIX environment, and the combination of TLM analysis with Prony's method as well as with autoregressive moving average (ARMA) digital signal processing for electromagnetic field modelling. By combining these advanced computation techniques, typical electromagnetic field modelling of microwave structures by TLM analysis can be accelerated by a few orders of magnitude.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
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  • 184
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    Numerical Linear Algebra with Applications 2 (1995), S. 415-429 
    ISSN: 1070-5325
    Keywords: indefinite ; inverse ; preconditioning ; symmetric ; Toeplitz ; Trench algorithm ; Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics
    Notes: A modification is presented of the classical O(n2) algorithm of Trench for the direct solution of Toeplitz systems of equations. The Trench algorithm is stable for symmetric matrices that are positive definite, but can be unstable for the indefinite case (and for general matrices). Our modification permits extension of the algorithm to compute approximate inverses of indefinite symmetric Toeplitz matrices, for which the unmodified algorithm breaks down when principal submatrices are singular. As a preconditioner, the approximate inverse has an advantage that only matrix - vector multiplications are required for the solution of a linear system, without forward and backward solves. The approximate inverse so obtained can be sufficiently accurate, moreover, that, when it is used as a preconditioner for the applications investigated, subsequent iteration may not even be necessary. Numerical results are given for several test matrices. The perturbation to the original matrix that defines the modification is related to a perturbation in a quantity generated in the Trench algorithm; the associated stability of the Trench algorithm is discussed.
    Additional Material: 1 Tab.
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  • 185
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    Numerical Linear Algebra with Applications 2 (1995), S. 483-485 
    ISSN: 1070-5325
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics
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  • 186
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    Numerical Linear Algebra with Applications 2 (1995), S. 447-465 
    ISSN: 1070-5325
    Keywords: preconditioned iterative methods ; SSOR factorization ; parallelization ; connection machine ; Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics
    Notes: A class of parallelizable preconditioned iterative methods for the solution of certain finite difference or finite element linear systems of equations is presented. The methods are based on calculation of approximate inverses of the SSOR factorization. The speed of the methods may be increased by making the approximation of the inverse more accurate. The construction of the preconditioning as well as the solution of the preconditioning systems (realized by matrix-vector multiplication) can be made in parallel over the total amount of meshpoints. The methods are suitable for implementation on massively parallel computers such as connection machines. Problems with constant as well as strongly varying orthotropy are examined and the methods are compared to other parallel techniques with respect to rate of convergence, computational complexity and consumed CM200 computing time. We report a small but significant decrease in computing time compared to the (until now) most frequently used completely parallel preconditioning, the Jacobi method.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
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  • 187
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    Numerical Linear Algebra with Applications 2 (1995), S. 533-541 
    ISSN: 1070-5325
    Keywords: plane rotation ; shear product ; Saxpy operation ; Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics
    Notes: An algorithm for pre- or post-multiplication of a matrix by a plane rotation, using only three vector saxpy operations instead of the four vector operations usually considered necessary, is described. No auxiliary storage for overwriting is required. The method is shown to be numerically stable.
    Additional Material: 6 Tab.
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  • 188
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    Numerical Linear Algebra with Applications 2 (1995) 
    ISSN: 1070-5325
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics
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  • 189
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    Numerical Linear Algebra with Applications 2 (1995), S. 195-203 
    ISSN: 1070-5325
    Keywords: Jacobi matrix ; arrow matrix ; inverse problem ; Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics
    Notes: We consider the problem of reconstructing Jacobi matrices and real symmetric arrow matrices from two eigenpairs. Algorithms for solving these inverse problems are presented. We show that there are reasonable conditions under which this reconstruction is always possible. Moreover, it is seen that in certain cases reconstruction can proceed with little or no cancellation. The algorithm is particularly elegant for the tridiagonal matrix associated with a bidiagonal singular value decomposition.
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  • 190
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    Numerical Linear Algebra with Applications 2 (1995), S. 235-241 
    ISSN: 1070-5325
    Keywords: interior-point methods ; trust regions ; conic functions ; conjugate gradients ; linear programming ; nonlinear minimization ; Karmarkar's algorithm ; centering ; Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics
    Notes: An optimization method is developed based on ellipsoidal trust regions that are defined by conic functions. It provides a powerful unifying theory from which can be derived a variety of interesting and potentially useful optimization algorithms, in particular, conjugate-gradient-like algorithms for nonlinear minimization and Karmarkar-like interior-point algorithms for linear programming.
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  • 191
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    Numerical Linear Algebra with Applications 2 (1995), S. 219-234 
    ISSN: 1070-5325
    Keywords: nonsymmetric matrices ; sparse matrices ; eigenvalue problem ; EISPACK ; LAPACK ; Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics
    Notes: With the growing demands from disciplinary and interdisciplinary fields of science and engineering for the numerical solution of the nonsymmetric eigenvalue problem, competitive new techniques have been developed for solving the problem. In this paper we examine the state of the art of the algorithmic techniques and the software scene for the problem. Some current developments are also outlined.
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  • 192
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    Numerical Linear Algebra with Applications 2 (1995), S. 243-250 
    ISSN: 1070-5325
    Keywords: Cholesky ; norm inequality ; perturbation ; Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics
    Notes: We show that a certain matrix norm ratio studied by Parlett has a supermum that is O(\documentclass{article}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$\mathop \[\sqrt n \] $\end{document}) when the chosen norm is the Frobenius norm, while it is O(log n) for the 2-norm. This ratio arises in Parlett's analysis of the Cholesky decomposition of an n by n matrix.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
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  • 193
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    Numerical Linear Algebra with Applications 2 (1995), S. 271-286 
    ISSN: 1070-5325
    Keywords: linear least squares ; backward perturbations ; Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics
    Notes: Let A be an m × n matrix, b be an m-vector, and x̃ be a purported solution to the problem of minimizing ‖b  -  Ax‖2. We consider the following open problem: find the smallest perturbation E of A such that the vector x̃ exactly minimizes ‖b  -  (A+E)x‖2. This problem is completely solved when E is measured in the Frobenius norm. When using the spectral norm of E, upper and lower bounds are given, and the optimum is found under certain conditions.
    Additional Material: 1 Tab.
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  • 194
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    Numerical Linear Algebra with Applications 2 (1995), S. 287-296 
    ISSN: 1070-5325
    Keywords: block Hessenberg matrix ; block Toeplitz matrix ; linear system ; queue ; Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics
    Notes: This paper describes a divide-and-conquer strategy for solving block Hessenberg systems. For dense matrices the method is as efficient as Gaussian elimination; however, because it works almost entirely with the original blocks, it is much more efficient for sparse matrices or matrices whose blocks can be generated on the fly. For Toeplitz matrices, the algorithm can be combined with the fast Fourier transform.
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  • 195
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    Communications in Numerical Methods in Engineering 11 (1995), S. 427-434 
    ISSN: 1069-8299
    Keywords: finite element solver ; local system ; ill-conditioning ; Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: While implementing Zienkiewicz and Zhu's superconvergent patch recovery method in our finite element solver, we came across two difficulties: rank deficiency of the local system to be solved, and ill-conditioning. The first problem was solved by increasing the number of sampling points and the second by using LU decomposition with partial pivoting.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
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  • 196
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    Communications in Numerical Methods in Engineering 11 (1995), S. 443-453 
    ISSN: 1069-8299
    Keywords: initial post-buckling ; second-order fields ; iteration ; Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: Second-order post-buckling fields emanate from the solutions of a constrained minimization problem. Two iterative solution algorithms for this specific type of constrained problem are described. A classical augmented Lagrangian algorithm is compared with a simpler one utilizing the specific feature of the initial post-buckling analysis. Numerical examples of prismatic plate-type structures are presented.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
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  • 197
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    Communications in Numerical Methods in Engineering 11 (1995), S. 455-464 
    ISSN: 1069-8299
    Keywords: Laplacian smoothing ; grid smoothing ; surface grids ; Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: In this note we point out the natural choice of smoothing by use of a metric tensor to maintain control of the local element stretch. The extension to grids on surfaces in 3D is straightforward. Numerical examples are given.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
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  • 198
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    Communications in Numerical Methods in Engineering 11 (1995), S. 409-416 
    ISSN: 1069-8299
    Keywords: contact ; friction ; finite element method ; large deformation ; augmented Lagrangian method ; Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: The paper is devoted to the analysis of two- or three-dimensional contact problems with Coulomb friction and large deformation. The classical approach is based on two minimum principles or two variational inequalities: the first for unilateral contact and the second for friction. A coupled approach using only one principle or one inequality is presented. This new approach allows us to extend the notion of normality law to dissipative behaviours with a non-associated flow rule, such as surface friction. Non-differentiable contact potentials are regularized by means of the augmented Lagrangian method. Using the C++ language, an object-oriented finite element database is created, which allows us to implement the contact and friction in an existing code in a very simple and neat way. Numerical examples are carried out in many difficult cases such as shock absorber and three-dimensional contact. The numerical results prove that this approach is robust and efficient concerning numerical stability.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
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  • 199
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    Communications in Numerical Methods in Engineering 11 (1995), S. 435-441 
    ISSN: 1069-8299
    Keywords: regular boundary layers ; ∊-uniform numerical method ; advection-dominated transport ; piecewise uniform mesh ; singular perturbations ; numerical experiments ; Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: Upwind finite difference operators on uniform meshes are well known to be unsuitable for the numerical solution of singularly perturbed partial differential equations, in the sense that, in the neighbourhood of the boundary layers, the error in the numerical approximation may increase as the mesh is refined. Recently, on the other hand, it has been predicted theoretically that the use of upwind finite difference operators on specially designed piecewise uniform meshes guarantees the decrease of the nodal error to zero as the number of mesh elements increases. In the paper the general theorem is quoted and its prediction is validated by numerical experiment for a specific linear advection-dominated transport equation in two dimensions. Experimental values of the convergence rate are obtained, which also agree with the theoretical estimates.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
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    Communications in Numerical Methods in Engineering 11 (1995), S. 475-476 
    ISSN: 1069-8299
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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