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  • 1965-1969  (388)
  • 1920-1924
  • 1880-1889
  • 1965  (388)
  • 1886
  • Life and Medical Sciences  (388)
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  • 1965-1969  (388)
  • 1920-1924
  • 1880-1889
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Keywords
  • 101
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Correlation between tetracycline binding and mineralization in dentin and enamelThis investigation was supported (in part) by grant DE-01825-03, from the N.I.D.R., U.S.P.H. Service. (1965)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 153 (1965), S. 141-147 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Experiments were conducted on the incisor of young rats to show (1) the precise areas and manner in which the tetracycline fluorophore combines with dentin and enamel and (2) the relation between the tetracycline localization and mineralization. For the objectives mentioned above rats were injected with tetracycline and a combination of tetracycline and Ca45. Detailed examination of the teeth of specimens injected with tetracycline show a rapid uptake and localization of fluorophore in areas undergoing mineralization. Areas adjacent to the increments undergoing mineralization also reveal the presence of the fluorophore, but to a lesser extent. Comparison of the same area of the tooth injected with tetracycline and Ca45 show that the fluorophore is localized exclusively in areas undergoing mineralization, and to a lesser extent in adjacent, incompletely mineralized regions.Despite the fact that our observations have demonstrated the avidity tetracycline exhibits for mineralizing and recently mineralized areas of dentin and enamel, we have not been able to exclude the possibility that the fluorophore may combine with the organic matrix of these tissues as well as the mineral component.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091530204
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  • 102
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The lymphatic system of Bradypus tridactylusSupported by a grant from the Italian National Council of Research. (1965)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 153 (1965), S. 149-160 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The lymphatic system of the sloth (Bradypus tridactylus) was described after the study of five specimens captured in Brazil. The lymphatic system was injected with Prussian blue suspension and neoprene latex (the latter followed by partial corrosion). The description includes lymph nodes, lymphatic networks, vessels and trunks. The distribution of these structures follows the general pattern of other Xenarthra, namely, Dasypus, Euphractus and Tamandua. However, the following peculiarities were noted: the submandibular, popliteal and posterior mediastinal ll.nn., the abdominothoracic subcutaneous lymphatic collecting vessels, the true principal lymphatic trunks, the cisterna chyli, and the thoracic duct were missing in Bradypus tridactylus. The mesenteric ll.nn. do not fuse and their efferent vessels intermingle with those originating from the cecocolic ll.nn. forming a mesenteric lymphatic plexus. The lymphatic vessels arising from the submucous network of the descending and sigmoid colon are arranged as parallel lamellae similar to those in Dasypus. The efferent collecting vessels from several abdominal organs ultimately empty directly in the inferior vena cava and its trunks of origin and those coming from the bronchial ll.nn. lead to the azygos vein. This feature reminds one of the conditions described in some monkeys. The mesenteric postlymphonodal plexus is well developed and because of the absence of intercalated lymph nodes in the labrinthine circulation it resembles that of amphibia and birds.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091530205
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  • 103
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Masthead (1965)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 153 (1965) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091530301
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  • 104
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The fine structure of differentiating fibroblasts in the incisor pulp of the guinea pigSupported in part by grant D-1620 from The United States Public Health Service. (1965)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 153 (1965), S. 187-209 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The differentiation of the fibroblast was followed in the dental pulp of continuously growing incisors of the guinea pig. Based on the ultrastructure, the processes of differentiation of the fibroblasts might be conveniently broken into three stages; Stage I - period of early differentiation, Stage II - period of maturation and functioning, and Stage III - period of regression.During Stage I the cell had structural characteristics shared by other less differentiated cells. The endoplasmic reticulum was poorly developed, showing vesicular to tubular profiles. The ribosomes were abundant but were mostly distributed in free form. Mitochondria were small and had irregular interiors.Stage II was characterized by a striking development of the rough-surfaced endoplasmic reticulum, which appeared in various shapes and sizes. The Golgi complex was enlarged, and contained some fibriller materials in dilated portions of its membraneous elements. Other features described in the cytoplasm of fibroblasts from other sources were confirmed.Stage III was characterized by the decrease in size and number of various cytoplasmic constituents and was considered to represent cells in the state of regression.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091530208
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  • 105
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Intimal hypertrophy in coronary arteries and considerations of the papillary muscle arteries (man)This investigation was supported in part by Public Health Service Research grant HE-04989-05 and Training grant HTS-5463, from the National Heart Institute. (1965)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 153 (1965), S. 243-253 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Intimal hypertrophy is located irregularly along the coronary arteries. These irregular formations appear related to areas where accentuated intramural physical forces develop. Intimal hypertrophy develops diffusely around ostia of secondary branches apparently due to its anisotropic expansion with each pulse pressure wave. Discrete intimal hypertrophy occurs near the ostium of branch arteries which are guarded by a circumferential muscle. Diffuse intimal hypertrophy occurs in arteries supplying the posterior papillary muscles, and conversely, a barely detectable intima is seen in the arteries to the anterior papillary muscles or in the branch arteries to the ventricular wall. Intimal hypertrophy may be related to areas where naturally occurring shear or radial forces are accentuated. Regional intimal hypertrophy is present by 12 years of age in man and increases in amount and in its diffuseness with age.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091530304
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  • 106
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A histochemical and biochemical study of phosphorylase and glycogen synthetase in smooth muscleThe investigation was supported by USPHS grant AM-08029.The authors wish to thank Dr. Warren Dannenburg, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, for his helpful suggestions during the investigation. (1965)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 153 (1965), S. 295-301 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Phosphorylase and UDPG-glycogen synthetase were studied in the smooth muscle of the urinary bladder, large intestine, skeletal muscle (adductors of thigh), and esophagus of the adult male and female rat. The two enzymes were investigated by histochemical and biochemical procedures.In the skeletal muscle of the thigh and esophagus, UDPG-glycogen synthetase was not as strong as phosphorylase. The latter enzyme was strong in the smooth muscle cells of the urinary bladder and large intestine. The response was better in the inner circular than in the outer longitudinal layer of the large intestine. Only phosphorylase was detected in the muscularis mucosa of the esophagus and large intestine. UPDG-glycogen synthetase activity varied from a good response to a very weak one in the smooth muscle cells of the urinary bladder and large intestine. In the latter organ the response was stronger in the inner circular than in the outer longitudinal layer. From the biochemical studies phosphorylase and UDPG-glycogen synthetase were determined to be present in significant amounts in the urinary bladder, large intestine, and skeletal muscle of the thigh.Since significant amounts of the enzymes are present in smooth muscle, glycogen may be synthesized from UPDG by the action of UDPG-glycogen synthetase, while phosphorylase is concerned with the breakdown of glycogen to G-1-P. However, more information on the relationship of the enzyme to glycogen concentration in smooth muscle is needed.
    Additional Material: 2 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091530309
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  • 107
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Number and distribution of thyrotropic cells in the mouse pituitary glandThis investigation was supported by a grant from the National Cancer Institute of Canada to Dr. A. Cantero, Director of the Research Laboratories, and by funds from the Fondation Biermans. (1965)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 153 (1965), S. 343-348 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The pituitary gland of a normal LAF1 mouse was reconstructed from serial coronal sections. Alcian blue positive cells (thyrotropes) were found in greater abundance in the mid portion of the gland. Pooled cell counts from every tenth section yielded an overall frequency of 0.43% alcian blue positive cells.The average frequency of these cells was also assessed in a group of eight normal mice. Cell counts in random coronal sections from the mid portion of each pituitary revealed a mean percentage of 0.87 alcian blue positive cells.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091530403
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  • 108
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Transcallosal connections of the cingulate gyrus in monkeySupported in part by Public Health Service grants NB-04131-02, NB-01601-06, and NB-K3-16,610. (1965)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 153 (1965), S. 377-381 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The intercingulate connections of the Macaque hemisphere were studied by the Loyez and cresyl violet techniques in 15 specimens 19 to 29 months following hemicerebrectomy. Demyelination and pathological gliosis in the posterior part of the corpus callosum were traced to the upper crown and bank of the cingulate gyrus. LC3 cortex, from which cingulum fibers arise, was devoid of these changes. The gliosis increased superiorly toward medial parietal cortex. Examined in light of known thalamic projections it appears that in general there is an inverse relation between the number of commissural connections and the thalamic afferents.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091530407
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  • 109
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    Electron microscopic observations on monoamine-containing brain stem neurons in normal and drug-treated ratsA preliminary report of this work was presented at the meeting of the American Association of Anatomists at Miami Beach, Florida, April, 1965. (1965)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 153 (1965), S. 399-406 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Brain stem nuclei whose neurons contain monoamines have been surveyed by Dahlström and Fuxe ('64), using a fluorescence histochemical method. There was a diffuse fluorescence of the perikarya in these regions, with increases in catechol amine and 5-hydroxytryptamine fluorescence after administration of dihydroxyphenylanine and pargyline, respectively. The perikarya of the locus coeruleus, nucleus dorsalis raphes and the region lateral to the nucleus interpeduncularis where numerous monoamine-containing neurons are located, have been examined by electronmicroscopy and found not to be distinctive, except for small numbers of granular vesicles scattered in the cytoplasm. When three normal rats were compared with three given pargyline, no significant increase in the number of granular vesicles occurred in the nucleus dorsalis raphes. Thus the small number of granular vesicles does not seem to correlate with the diffuse fluorescence of these perikarya, nor does the small change in the number of granular vesicles seem to correlate with the profound increase in fluorescence after pargyline administration. It is therefore concluded that the monoamine contained in these perikarya is not located exclusively, if at all, in vesicles either of the granular or nongranular type.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091530410
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  • 110
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    Livers of choline-deficient pregnant and fetal ratsThis study was supported by a research grant from the National Institutes of Health (AM-08319-01). (1965)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 153 (1965), S. 407-419 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: A group of 30 pregnant rats was subdivided into three experimental groups of ten animals each. The first and second received choline-deficient and choline-supplemented diets respectively during the usual 21 days of gestation. The third was fed a choline-deficient diet an additional 30 days prior to insemination, and subsequently during the usual period of gestation.Groups of ten non-pregnant animals received the choline-deficient and choline-supplemented diets respectively for 21 days, a period comparable to that of gestation.Choline supplementation of the basal (choline-deficient) diet resulted in a complete absence of stainable lipid in the livers of pregnant and fetal rats.The stress effects of pregnancy on increased susceptibility to choline deficiency were assessed by comparing the amount of stainable fat (in frozen sections) in the livers of pregnant rats maintained on the choline-deficient diets during the period of gestation with that in livers of non-pregnant rats fed the deficient diet for the same length of time.Under the conditions of this experiment, the stress effects of pregnancy increased susceptibility to choline deficiency, as evidenced by the increased accumulation of fat in both maternal and fetal livers.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091530411
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  • 111
    Electronic Resource
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    Changes in the relative organ weights in the fetal dog (1965)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 153 (1965), S. 421-428 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Changes in the relative percentage weights of the organs in 187 fetal and 24 newborn dogs are presented. Nine organs increase less in total weight during fetal life than total body weight. These are, in increasing order: spinal cord, brain, suprarenals, testes, hypophysis, heart, thyroid, urinary bladder and liver. Increasing more than body weight and in increasing order are: ovaries, digestive system, uterus, spleen, lungs, thymus, digestive tube, kidneys and pancreas. No adult weights were found for seven of these, but the increases to adult weight are shown for the other organs.The organs increasing less than body weight decrease in relative percentage weight rapidly at first and then more slowly throughout fetal life and all of these, except the heart and spinal cord, decrease in percentage weight in the adult.Organs increasing more than body weight have their most marked increase in the early part of fetal life. Thus the relative organ weights are changing most rapidly in early fetal life with more gradual changes toward the end. The spleen and pancreas manifest the most marked and continued increase, while the cord, suprarenals, brain and testes decrease most precipitously in early fetal life. The kidneys, lungs and ovaries have their maximum percentages at birth.These relative changes are compared with similar relative changes in man and in the cat.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091530412
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  • 112
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    Unusual patterns of growth in the frontal and parietal bonesThis work was supported by The National Health and Medical Research Council of Australia. (1965)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 152 (1965), S. 459-464 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Measurements of the straight line distances nasion-bregma and bregma-lambda and the curvature of the frontal and parietal bones have been made on serial lateral cephalometric radiographs of children. There was a very wide range of increments in nasion-bregma and in bregma-lambda. In one girl, there was no increase in bregma-lambda and there was no change in the curvature of the parietal bone between the ages of three and ten years. Although the mean curvature of the parietal bones decreased with age, there were increases in the curvature of these bones in some children during the age range studied. Similar increases were noted, but much less commonly, in the frontal bones.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091520405
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  • 113
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    Olfactory bulb projections of the ratThis project was supported by grant NB-02896, NINDB, USPHS. (1965)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 152 (1965), S. 465-479 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Ten rats with lesions in the olfactory bulb were used in this study. Degenerating fibers were followed by the Nauta-Gygax silver impregnation technique and terminal changes were evaluated by the original Nauta technique. In these animals degenerating fibers can be traced into the lateral olfactory tract with projections to the olfactory tubercle, the fiberarchitectonic subareas of area 51 (with relative sparing of 51d), lateral olfactory nucleus, anterior amygdaloid area, cortical amygdaloid neucleus, medial amygdaloid nucleus and basomedial amygdaloid nucleus. Evidence for a projection to the lateral ventral entorhinal area is noted in all animals. No changes are noted in subiculum, hippocampus and stria terminalis; nor in the central, baso-lateral or lateral amygdaloid nuclei.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091520406
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  • 114
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    The right ovary of the chick embryo after early sinistral castrationThis investigation was supported in part by a grant from the Committee for Research in Problems of Sex, National Academy of Sciences, National Research Council (U.S.A.) and the Medical Division, National Research Council of Canada. (1965)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 153 (1965), S. 93-105 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: After sinistral ovariectomy of young chicks the right ovary develops into a testicular structure. This well known fact induced the author to study the development of the right ovary of chick embryos after early sinistral castration. In four-day-old embryos of various breeds and strains the left gonadal primordium was destroyed by local electro-diathermic coagulation. The remaining right ovaries, developing until autopsy at 12- to 19-days of incubation, as a rule showed a compensatory growth as well as a marked lacunarization of the medullary layer adjacent to the surface epithelium. The enlargement, verified by means of volumetric, planimetric and ocular micrometer measurements, was statistically significant from the fourteenth day onwards. The compensatory growth particularly concerned the ordinary medullary cord cells and the fat laden cells. The latter cells kept their lipid globules and their characteristics remained unchanged. No indications of masculinization were seen apart from a significant reduction of the incidence of cortical rudiments. As a whole the right ovary preserved its characteristic structure. Arguments are brought forward to substantiate the concept that hyperfunction of the pituitary gland of the hemicastrate is responsible for the modifications observed.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091530111
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  • 115
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    Electron microscopic observations on lysosomes and related cytoplasmic components of normal and pathological cardiac muscleSupported by Research grants He-2490-08, HE-6100-03, 5-P01-HE-06769, and Career Development Award 5-K3-GM-15-281-05 from the United States Public Health Service. (1965)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 153 (1965), S. 173-185 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: An electron microscopic investigation was made on lysosomes and morphologically related structures found in cardiac muscle. The tissues used in this investigation were obtained from normal and functionally altered rat hearts and human hearts from patients with cardiomyopathy.Structures morphologically similar to lysosomes were encountered in all hearts, but were especially numerous in the damaged hearts, both human and rat. These structures were extremely variable in size, the smaller ones being located in the Golgi region where they appeared to originate.Lipofuscin granules were especially numerous in pathological hearts, and have several morphological features in common with lysosomes.Other bodies were also frequently encountered in these cells which in many ways resembled lysosomes, but contained mitochondria, fragments of mitochondria and myelin figures.The structural similarities between lysosomes and these other elements lead us to consider the possibility that the latter structures may be modified, degenerate, or simply functional stages of lysosomes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091530207
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  • 116
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    Lack of effect of relaxin or steroids on the histology of the mouse parathyroid gland (1965)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 153 (1965), S. 225-231 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Normal parathyroid glands exhibited two distinct cellular types: one type of cell had a large round nucleus containing fine chromatin granules and a nucleolus; the other type had a round or spindle-shaped nucleus with densely-packed chromatin. The following hormonal preparations were tested and failed to alter parathyroid histology: relaxin extract (R), estradiol cyclopentylpropionate (ECP), combined ECP and R, or various combinations of these hormones with progesterone or cortisone acetate. The pubic joints of the mice underwent the anticipated hormonally-induced changes. Our results are at variance with those of Chase and Shanmugasundaram ('64) who (a) described only one cell type in the mouse parathyroid and (b) reported that relaxin alone or a combination of estrogen and relaxin induced cellular changes suggestive of increased glandular function. The two studies are apparently irreconcilable; however, we did note in about 30% of our mice variable lymphatic aggregates in the thyro-parathyroid complex. Although not actually related to hormonal treatments, it is conceivable that in a small series of animals and without serial sectioning, such lymphatic tissue might be mistaken for altered parathyroid gland.
    Additional Material: 1 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091530302
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  • 117
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    The evolution of the mm. interossei in the primate hand (1965)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 153 (1965), S. 275-287 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Various conflicting views relating to the phylogenetic history of the interossei are reviewed. The primitive mammalian (marsupial) precursors of these muscles are shown to present a bilaminar arrangement: a dorsal layer of four bipennate abductor muscles (inserting into a proximal phalanx) is overlaid ventrally by a sheet of ten flexores breves, grouped in pairs, and inserting as wing tendons into either side of the extensor aponeurosis of the corresponding digit. The homologues of these muscles are identified in the hands of representative Primates including Homo. The dorsal abductors become the dorsal interossei proper; the flexores breves become the palmar interossei, which are therefore frequently more numerous than the four found in man. Certain of the flexores breves show a tendency to merge with those subjacent abductors with which they insert. Thus, the descriptive human dorsal interossei are composite muscles resulting from the amalgamation of a flexor brevis with a dorsal interosseous proper. Comparative morphology is shown to provide a logical basis for the understanding of the extensor apparatus of the human fingers.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091530307
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  • 118
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    Masthead (1965)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 153 (1965) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091530401
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  • 119
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    Daily leukocyte rhythms in normal and hypophysectomized rats exposed to different environmental light-dark schedulesThis work was supported in part by Public Health Service Research grant A-4659 from the Endocrinology Division. (1965)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 153 (1965), S. 349-360 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: With environmental factors rigidly standardized, Sprague-Dawley rats were maintained under the following lighting schedules: (1) artificial light 0600 to 1800 alternating with 12 hours of darkness-LD, (2) reversal of the above-DL, (3) constant darkness-DD, and (4) constant illumination-LL.During each regimen, both total and differential white blood counts of tail blood were done in a hemocytometer and then were compared to differential counts done by the smear technique on groups of 16 animals at bi-hourly intervals over a 24-hour period. Rhythms in lymphocytes, eosinophils and neutrophils were found under all lighting conditions by plotting the bi-hourly mean values of the absolute counts along the 24-hour time scale; rhythms were not found when the means of the differential counts were plotted. The DL rhythms always were the reverse of the ones seen in LD.In LD, DL, and DD, but not in LL, the rhythms of the three cell types were synchronized, that is, their peaks and troughs occur at about the same time each day.Some evidence, based on desynchronization from LD rhythms, suggests that all three cells types in DD and the lymphoctyes in LL were or had been at one time free-running.Expressed as an overall increase in magnitude, the greatest response in the three cell types to abnormal lighting conditions (DL, DD, and LL) was seen in the neutrophils.Similar determinations made on a second colony of hypophysectomized animals maintained under LD conditions demonstrated that hypophysectomy did not abolish the rhythm characteristic of lymphocytes, since the timing was identical to the rhythm seen in normal LD animals. There was, however, a lymphocytosis in the hypophysectomized group. Hypophysectomy greatly modified, but did not abolish the eosinophil and neutrophil rhythms.The significance of periodicity analysis in relation to bioassay is discussed.
    Additional Material: 12 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091530404
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    A method of constructing plastic display jars (1965)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 153 (1965), S. 383-387 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: A simple and inexpensive method of fabricating transparent plastic, large capacity, rectangular display jars for preserved wet specimens is described. Simple tools are used, including a holder for a tape-type heating element and a bending jig which are easily fashioned from available material. The jars are permanent, moisture tight, and provide quality and uniformity at low cost.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091530408
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    Change in the distribution of succinic dehydrogenase within the rat hepatic lobule after ligation of the common bile ductA portion of a thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy at Columbia University, 1960. This investigation was carried out during the tenure of a Predoctoral Fellowship from the National Cancer Institute, United States Public Health Service and was supported, in part, by grant HE-03252-07 allocated to Dr. W. M. Copenhaver from the National Heart Institute, U.S.P.H.S. (1965)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 153 (1965), S. 429-443 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The distribution of hepatic succinic dehydrogenase has been compared in common bile duct-ligated and control rats. In control cases, a gradient of succinic dehydrogenase activity is found within each liver lobule; periportal regions exhibit the highest level of enzyme activity, and the activity gradually decreases in a central direction. Centrilobular regions exhibit only slight activity.However, after complete ligation of the common bile duct, this gradient gradually disappears from the lobule due to a gradual increase in succinic dehydrogenase activity in middle and central regions. By 18-19 days after ligation, a relatively high and uniform level of succinic dehydrogenase activity is displayed by all surviving parenchymal cells, regardless of position occupied within the lobule. The possible functional implications of this finding are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091530413
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  • 122
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    Masthead (1965)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 152 (1965) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091520301
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  • 123
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    The hemo-chorial mouse placenta (1965)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 152 (1965), S. 279-281 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The placental barrier of the mouse was examined by light and electron microscopy and found to be of the hemo-chorial and not of the hemo-endothelial type, as had been previously suggested. The suspected immunological function of the trophoblast is briefly reviewed, and attention drawn to the recent reclassification of the shrew placenta.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091520307
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  • 124
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    Fertilization and early development of dorset horn sheep in the spring and summer (1965)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 152 (1965), S. 303-316 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The estrous cycles of 34 Dorset Horn ewes were observed during the spring and summer in East Anglia. The majority of sheep (22 out of 34) came in heat fairly regularly. In 26 out of 37 estrous cycles the duration was between 14 and 25 days. Laparotomy performed soon after estrus did not prolong the subsequent estrous cycle in the majority of animals. Failure of ovulation following estrus was not observed; the observations were made either at laparotomy or at autopsy. The rate of ovulation was 1.55 per cycle as assessed by counting the number of corporalutea in the ovary. The time of ovulation was estimated at about 30 to 40 hours after the onset of estrus.Following deposition of semen into the Fallopian tubes of nine ewes, either before or soon after ovulation, five eggs were recovered but none of these was found to be fertilized. Following intra-cervical insemination or mating 21 fertilized eggs, at different stages of division, were found in 11 out of 29 ewes. In 13 ewes out of 26 which were examined 5-17 days after mating 15 normal embryos were found. Photomicrographs of early sheep embryos are presented and the low fertility of sheep in summer is discussed.
    Additional Material: 6 Tab.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091520310
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    Innervation of the cortical and medullary portions of the adrenal gland of the rat during postnatal life (1965)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 152 (1965), S. 431-437 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The adrenal glands of four rats from each of the following age groups, newly born and one-, two-, three-, five-, seven-, nine-weeks-old were used. Sections 15 μ in thickness were cut and stained with hematoxylin and eosin, Holmes, Bodian and Bielschowsky methods to show nerve fibers and cells in the gland. At birth the nerve fibers extended from beneath the capsule to the central part of the gland where collections of various neurons were found. After one week, nerve cells (which probably belonged to parasympathetic) were found in the inner part of the fasciculata while the adrenal medulla contained nerve cells which belonged to the two sets of autonomic nervous system. By the end of two weeks a fine plexus of nerve cells and fibers was found in inner fasciculata. In the three-week-old rat adrenal the plexus of nerve cells and fibers extended to the zona reticularis. By the age of five weeks the plexus was present in the inner fasciculata as well as in the reticularis. The clusters of sympathetic and parasympathetic ganglion cells were a constant feature of the medulla. By the end of seven and nine weeks the intrinsic adrenal plexus was a principal feature of the zona reticularis. The functional significance of the profuse intrinsic nerve supply of both the cortical and medullary portions of the gland is discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091520402
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    A study of the inguinal region of the abdominal wall in female miceMost of the experiments reported here were done at Yale during the author's tenure of a United States Public Health Service (USPHS) Predoctoral Training Fellowship and were supported in part by USPHS grants M-04433 and 2G-105. (1965)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 152 (1965), S. 487-497 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Bilateral inguinal sacs or outpouchings of the abdominal wall normally occur in Brown-belt stock female mice. The length of each sac was determined to be from the caudal border of the pubic symphysis or interpubic ligament to the caudalmost extension of the sac. Sacs of control animals usually exceeded 1.0 mm in length and were longer in intact and ovariectomized mice treated with implanted testosterone pellets. There were no viscera observed in any of the inguinal sacs of the mice in this study. The bilateral inguinal sacs appear to be homologues of the scrota of males. The alterations in sac length produced by testosterone treatment are believed to be the result of changes in the connective tissue components of the sac.
    Additional Material: 2 Tab.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091520408
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    Masthead (1965)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 153 (1965) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091530101
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    The anatomy and function of the contents of the human tarsal sinus and canalSupported sin part by USPHS Grant 5T1-GM-136. (1965)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 153 (1965), S. 1-17 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The ligaments of the tarsal sinus and canal, including the roots of the inferior extensor retinaculum, the cervical ligament and the ligament of the tarsal canal, have been restudied and their function has been correlated with the movements of inversion and eversion. The ligaments are extracapsular and their attachments are somewhat more complex than previously reported. A band of fibers, heretofore undescribed, has been designated as the “oblique talocalcaneal band.” It passes from the calcaneal attachment of the intermediate root of the inferior extensor retinaculum to join the talar attachment of the ligament of the tarsal canal.The ligament of the tarsal canal averages 5.6 mm in width and 1.6 mm in thickness compared with the cervical ligament which is 11.6 mm wide and 2.8 mm thick. The axis of talocalcaneal movement passes between the articular surfaces of the talocalcaneonavicular and subtalar joints and, as a consequence, these articulations move in directions opposite to one another in inversion and eversion. Direct observation during passive movement indicates that the cervical ligament limits inversion whereas the ligament of the tarsal canal plays little or no role in limiting either inversion or eversion. The ligament of the tarsal canal appears to maintain apposition of the talus and calcaneus in all positions.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091530102
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    Effect of insulin antibodies on pancreatic islet insulin and beta cell granule content (1965)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 153 (1965), S. 49-54 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Normal rats injected intravenously with anti-insulin guinea pig serum (AIS-GP) exhibited a marked hyperglycemia which reached a maximum (〉300 mg per 100 ml) at the third hour. The blood sugar was 172 mg per 100 ml by the eighth hour and was normal (100 mg per 100 ml) at 24 hours. Control animals injected with equal quantities of normal guinea pig serum did not show significant changes in blood sugar.In pancreatic tissue obtained from rats three hours after injection of AIS-GP the aldehyde-fuchsin staining granules of the beta cells were significantly fewer than in the controls. Quantitation studies indicated that in the AIS-GP injected animals 26% of the islet volume was composed of 4+ and 3+ granulated beta cells as compared to 68% for rats injected with normal guinea pig serum. The cell granulation was normal 24 hours after injection of AIS-GP. Electron microscopic studies confirmed that this decrease in aldehyde-fuchsin staining was due to degranulation.The insulin content of microdissected islets obtained three hours after injection of AIS-GP was significantly lower than that of the controls. The mean value (immunoassay determinations) for the AIS-GP injected animals (89±30 units per gm dry weight of islet) was 38% that of the controls (232±66).
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091530107
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    Book Received (1965)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 153 (1965), S. 107-109 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091530113
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    The preparation of injected and cleared “whole-mounts” for the study of topographical anatomy (1965)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 153 (1965), S. 129-139 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: A simple method is described for the preparation of cleared and injected “whole-mounts” of large masses of tissue (for example the mediastinal contents). This technique allows the use of high magnifications during examination and microphotography and the use of histological controls. It provides a novel method for detailed topographical studies because each tissue has its own distinctive vascular pattern which delineates it clearly.A direct three-dimensional inspection has many advantages over the usual methods of dissection, or reconstruction from serial sections. This is particularly true of microcirculations, fine autonomic nerve patterns and the distribution of aberrant tissues (thyroid, parathyroid, etc.). Other distinctive features of tissues, such as positive chromaffin staining or the uptake of injected substance by the reticulo-endothelial system, can also be demonstrated.The results obtained are demonstrated by photographs of “whole-mounts” from dogs and adult and fetal cats. The advantages and disadvantages of the method are discussed.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091530203
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    Development of mouse pubic joint in vivo following initial differentiation in vitroThis investigation was supported in whole by Public Health Service Research grants GM-04433 from the National Institute of General Medical Sciences and DE-01894 from the National Institute of Dental Research. (1965)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 153 (1965), S. 161-171 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Typical immature pubic joints developed when undifferentiated mesenchyme from the pelvic region of 13-day-old embryos was grown in vitro on a Millipore filter. After five days the joints were transplanted to 5-day-old postnatal female mice whose pubic joints were excised prior to transplantation. The transplanted joints developed to adult-type symphyses and replaced the excised joints of the recipients. Typical bone resorption and cartilage transformation to ligamentous tissue occurred in transplanted joints in pregnant recipients.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091530206
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    Timing of maturation and fertilization of the sheep eggThe human chorionic gonadotrophin (HCG) and the 6-methyl-17-acetoxyprogesterone (MAP) were donated by the Upjohn Company, Kalamazoo, Michigan.The help by many colleagues in care and feeding of the animals and in the recovery fo the eggs is gratefully acknowledged. (1965)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 153 (1965), S. 211-223 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Eggs of sheep were recovered at known intervals before or after controlled ovulation. They were examined for cytoplasmic and nuclear changes. The vesicular nucleus in the follicular egg persists to 15 hours before ovulation when the chromatin becomes more compact and dense. The first metaphase lasts from 13 hours before ovulation to shortly before ovulation. The formation of the first polar body occurs from four hours before ovulation to ovulation. Normally sheep eggs have formed the first polar body by the time of ovulation and are in the seocond metaphase. Cumulus cells and corona cells are present on the egg at ovulation and for a few hours afterwards. Sperm penetration does not begin ordinarily until at least three hours after ovulation. The male pronucleus forms from 3 to 9 hours after ovulation at about the same time as the female pronucleus. Pronuclei fusion occurs 11 to 22 hours after ovulation. The first mitotic division takes place usually 19 to 24 hours after ovulation although 2-called eggs were seen at earlier times.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091530209
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    Histological and ablation studies on the relation of the subcommissural organ and rostral midbrain to sodium and water metabolismThis investigation was supported by U. S. Public Health Service grant MH-00675. This investigation was presented April 3, 1964, at the Seventy-seventh Annual Session of the American Association of Anatomists. (1965)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 153 (1965), S. 255-263 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Fourteen mature male rats were fed a sodium-deficient diet for six weeks. After three weeks on the diet, electrical ablations were made in the region of the subcommissural organ. During the six-week period measurements were made of water intake, urine output, and urinary sodium output. A second group of five one-month-old male rats was given the sodium-deficient diet and seven litter-mates a control diet. Five months later, the adrenals and subcommissural organs were studied histologically. The results obtained indicate that: (1) subcommissural organ ablation does not change urinary sodium excretion; (2) sodium deprivation, although producing significant changes in the width of the adrenal zona glomerulosa, does not affect the periodic acid-Schiff reactive material in the subcommissural organ; (3) complete subcommissural organ ablation is associated with decreased urine output and water intake; (4) partial subcommissural organ ablation combined with destruction of structures in and around the rostral periaqueductal gray matter and adjacent diencephalon is associated with increased urine output and water intake; (5) lesions which failed to involve significantly the aforementioned areas are associated with no change in urine output or water intake.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091530305
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    Blood constituents of normal newborn rats and those exposed to low oxygen tension during gestation; weight of newborn and litter size also considered (1965)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 153 (1965), S. 303-309 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Blood removed from the heart of newborn rats from mothers exposed during gestation to 18,000 feet altitude showed significantly marked increases in red blood cells, hemoglobin and hematocrit as compared to newborn rats held at ground level, 750 feet elevation. The peripheral blood from newborn rats similarly treated was found to have greater significant increases in white blood cells, red blood cells, amount of hemoglobin and higher hematocrit readings than the heart blood. Percentagewise the white blood cells from the periphery increased far more than the other blood constituents. Under these experimental conditions the number of live births, litter size and weight of the newborn were greatly reduced.
    Additional Material: 3 Tab.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091530310
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    The effect of testosterone on the morphogenesis of the chick thymusSupported by Public Health Service Fellowship 5-fl-GM-20, 878-02 and research grant HE-04061-06(HEM) from the National Institutes of Health, Bethesda Maryland. (1965)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 151 (1965), S. 11-15 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Because of the inhibitory effect of testosterone on lympho-epithelial nodule formation in the bursa of Fabricius, possibly through the suppression of alkaline phosphatase activity of the surrounding mesenchyme, there appears the possibility of a comparable inhibitory effect on the thymus.1. A single dose of one tenth milliliter (2.5 mg) of testosterone propionate in sesame oil (Schering) was injected into chick eggs between the first and fifth days of incubation, i.e., before and during the time of differentiation of the thymus from the epithelial primordia and before the appearance of lymphoblasts. The thymuses of 195 chicks including 50 controls were examined after 18 days of incubation; grossly and microscopically the thymus gland was relatively unaffected in all but a few chicks.Because the thymus appeared unaffected by testosterone as opposed to its complete inhibitory effect on the bursa of Fabricius; and because of the apparent relationship of testosterone-labile alkaline phosphatase to epithelial nodule formation in the bursa, further investigations were carried out on thymic differentiation and the possible role, if any, of alkaline phosphatase activity in the surrounding mesenchyme.2. Chick embryos between 5-10 days of incubation were fixed in 80% ethanol or absolute acetone, embedded in paraffin, serially sectioned and exposed to either Gomori's glycerophosphate or Burstone's naphthol AS-MX phosphate procedures for alkaline phosphatase activity. The mesenchyme surrounding the developing thymus showed either a negative or a negligible reaction for alkaline phosphatase activity following these procedures. In contrast, the thymic primordium did exhibit slight phosphatase activity which appeared to be localized in the reticular-epithelial cells.The difference in demonstrable alkaline phosphatase activity of the capsule of the thymus and of the subepithelial mesenchyme of the bursa of Fabricius suggests a fundamental difference in the differentiation of the two organs in the embryonic chick.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091510103
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    Cell physiology and biochemistry, 2nd edition, William D. McElroy, 120 pages and viii, Prentice-Hall Inc., Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey, 1964 (1965)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 152 (1965), S. 116-117 
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    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091520113
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    Electron microscopy of serial sections of the murine glomerular mesangiumThis investigation was supported in part by United States Public Health Service Grants AI-04889-05 and 2T1-GM1-897-03. (1965)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 152 (1965), S. 141-153 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: An electron microscopic study of serial and/or closely spaced step sections of the murine glomerular mesangium is reported. Photomicrographs were obtained from sections which extended through mesangial cells from one side to the other. These cells are separated from the capillary by matrix as well as overlying endothelial cells and from the epithelium by matrix and basement membrane.The observations clearly demonstrate the presence of a “third” type of cell within the murine mesangium which is separate and distinct from endothelium and epithelium.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091520205
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    A histological study of remodeling at the periosteal, haversian canal, cortical endosteal, and trabecular endosteal surfaces in human ribWork supported by grants AM-04186 of National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Md., and Project 293, Henry Ford Hospital. (1965)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 152 (1965), S. 129-135 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: In human ribs the per cents of four kinds of bone surfaces (i.e., periosteal, haversian canal, cortical-endosteal, and trabecular-endosteal) that showed histological evidence of remodeling were measured. At each surface, (1) formative, (2) resorptive, and (3) neither form of remodeling activity was measured. The measurements were done at 350 X with the light microscope and a Zeiss integrating eyepiece II, on mineralized cross sections.The study showed that trabecular-endosteal and cortical-endosteal surfaces are approximately equivalent with respect to amount and type of remodeling activity per unit area at any given age. The periosteal surface showed little, and the haversian canal surface considerable, age dependent changes in amount of remodeling.Considerable variability existed within the age groups studied. An overall 16.8% of all surfaces showed histological evidence of bone formation, and 16.9% of bone resorption.
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    Antagonism of temporal fascia to masseteric contractionThis study was supported in part by Research Grant D-1468 from the National Institute for Dental Research, U. S. Public Health Service. (1965)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 152 (1965), S. 185-192 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: This study was undertaken to test the hypothesis that the temporal fascia lends significant aid to the zygomatic arch in resisting the tensions of the m. masseter. It consisted of the unilateral removal of the fascia in two adult Cebus monkeys from its attachment on the superior and lateral surfaces of the arch, which were then covered with a plate of 24K 50 gauge gold to prevent re-attachment. Frontal and lateral cephalometric x-rays were taken and the animals were given three i.v. injections of lead acetate (4 mg/kg body weight) at two-week intervals beginning at time of operation and sacrificed two weeks after the last. The arches were removed close to their attachments and prepared for histological study according to modified technique of Scheiman-Tagger and Brodie ('64).Frontal sections through the right and left arches revealed striking differences between them. The operated side measured approximately 25% less mediolaterally and 16% greater superoinferiorly than the unoperated side. Oriented frontal and basal head x-rays at 5 ft target distance revealed the operated side to be 4 mm lower and 2 mm closer to the midline. The lead lines showed the extensive internal as well as external remodeling that had taken place. Deposition and resorption areas indicated the drifting of marrow spaces and of the zygomaticotemporal suture in the direction of the unopposed pull of the m. masseter.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091520209
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  • 141
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    The use of D-L ethionine in the transplantation of pancreatic tissue in hamstersThis work was carried out under ONR Contract Nonr 2754(01). (1965)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 152 (1965), S. 211-215 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: In order to eliminate the adverse effects of the secretion of the exocrine tissue on the islets in the pancreatic transplants the hosts were injected with D-L ethionine. Twenty-six male hamsters were divided into two groups. All animals received subcutaneously 1 mg per gram of body weight per day of a 5% aqueous solution of ethionine. In addition, each received 3 mg of cortisone (25 mg per ml) two days before transplant and 1 mg on the fifth and twelfth post-transplant days. In group I, the ethionine was begun seven days before transplant and was continued for six days after neonatal pancreas was placed in the cheek pouches of the hosts. In group II, ethionine was started on the day of transplantation and was continued for 13 days. Growth and differentiation were checked for up to 56 days. Growth in both groups was comparable to that in animals receiving cortisone alone. Histological examination revealed neither cyst formation nor interstitial secretion leakage in any of the ethionine animals. In both groups, the differentiation of islets was far superior to that found in untreated hamsters, with 85% of the hosts in group I and 55% of those in group II showing islets.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091520212
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  • 142
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    An anomalous arrangement of the flexor musculature of the forearm and hand (1965)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 152 (1965), S. 251-255 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: During a routine dissection, an anomalous arrangement of the flexor musculature of the hand was discovered. This bilateral anomaly included a deficient superficialis tendon to the index finger and the little finger and an absence of the fourth lumbrical muscles. The deficiency of the sueperficialis tendons to the index fingers was compensated for, however, by an anomalous muscle in each palm.The literature was searched both for related cases and for embryologic and phylogenetic background with which to explain the presence of this unusual combination of anomalies.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091520304
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  • 143
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    The human egg in the pronuclear stage (1965)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 152 (1965), S. 293-302 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: A human egg in the pronuclear stage was recovered by flushing the excised oviduct that had been removed along with the uterus. The hysterectomy and right salpingectomy were performed on day 16 of the patient's menstrual cycle. The egg was examined first in the fresh state and revealed two pronuclei, a granular zona pellucida, and corona cell processes traversing the zona pellucida. The egg was subsequently fixed and stained revealing further details of the pronuclei, and the tail of the fertilizing spermatozoon lying over one of the pronuclei.The age of the egg was estimated as being 3 to 50 hours post ovulation time.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091520309
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  • 144
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    The granular reticular cells of the thymus in the AKR/JAX mouseThe work on this project was supported by the N.I.H. under grant CA 05386-00 through 0.3. Ptha. (1965)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 152 (1965), S. 451-457 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The authors have previously described a hypoglycemia with age in the female AKR/JAX mouse which they attributed to the thymus gland. Using our own modification of Gomori's Aldehyde-fuchsin stain, cells of the thymus were found to contain purple-blue granules in degrees and gradations of numbers, sizes and form. It seems likely that these cells have the ability to produce and store a factor or hormone which could directly or indirectly affect the blood sugar. By their histology, these cells have been classified as reticular cells of the thymus in contrast to mast cells or lymphocytes. In their staining ability, appearance and occasional tendency to group themselves in “islets”, these cells do seem to closely resemble the Beta cells of the islets of Langerhans of the pancreas. From an embryological point of view, the thymus and pancreas, both of entodermal origin, are related and it is suggested that this may also be case physiologically.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091520404
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  • 145
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    Ciliated cells in the spleen of adult ratsSupported in part by USPHS grants 5T1-GM-897-04, GM-08574-03 and AI-04889-05. (1965)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 152 (1965), S. 481-485 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: During a study of the effects of 600 r whole body x-irradiation on male adult Sprague Dawley rats, rare cilia have been noted on reticular cells of normal and x-irradiated rat spleen. They are of the 9+0 pattern and appear similar to those previously noted in other cells. The functional significance of these cilia is unknown.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091520407
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  • 146
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    In vitro development of tooth rudiments of embryonic miceSupported by U.S. Public Health Service Research grant De-01894. (1965)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 152 (1965), S. 513-524 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Embryonic mouse mandibular tooth rudiments, completely excised from the host and placed in vitro at a “glass-plasma clot” interface, fail to develop normally. The organization of the rudiment is destroyed by migration of cells into the cloth. Rudiment morphology is maintained and histodifferentiation occurs when such rudiments are grown on artificial filter membranes. In cultures of 16 day embryonic incisors, a “refractile” material is noted on the distal-incisal-labial side of the developing rudiment after three days in vitro growth; this material increases in extent during subsequent growth. Histological sections show normal differentiation of the cells of the rudiment; extracellular matrices are deposited by the odontocytes and also by amelocytes. The position of amelocyte matrix correlates with that of the “refracticle” material seen in the living culture. The sequence of changes during cellular differentiation in vitro corresponds to that occurring in vivo.
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  • 147
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    Differentially localized incorporation of amino acids in relation to epidermal keratinization in the newborn ratSupported at Tokyo Women's College by Ajinomoto Co. and at The University of Michigan by contract Nonr 1224(35), NR 105-223 between the University of Michigan and the Office of Naval Research, U. S. Department of Defense. (1965)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 152 (1965), S. 525-535 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Incorporation of tritiated methionine, phenylalanine, leucine, glycine and histidine into protein in the epidermis of the newborn rat was studied by autoradiography.Methionine, phenylalanine and leucine behaved similarly. Thirty minutes after injection, radioactivity was detected in both nucleus and cytoplasm of the basal, spinous and granular cells with a greater intensity over the cells of the lower layer as compared with that observed over the upper layer. The label appeared over the cornified cells at 24 hours after injection probably as a result of the migration of cells into the cornified layer. In the case of glycine and histidine, the label was detected in eachof the three layers at 30 minutes after injection but the labeling was higher in the upper part of the epidermis as compared with the lower part. The label appeared in the cornified layer six hours after injection. Processes possibly involved in formation of the cornified layer are discussed.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091520412
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  • 148
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    The skin of the mole (Scapanus townsendii)Publication no. 82 of the Oregon Regional Primate Research Center supported in part by grant FR 00163 of the National Institutes of Health. (1965)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 153 (1965), S. 31-39 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The skin of the mole (Scapanus townsendii) has the following characteristic features. (1) The epidermis is thin over the general body surface and very thick on the palms and muzzle. On the snout the epidermis has the specialized end-organs of Eimer. (2) The dermis has no papillary body, and few elastic fibers, except in the eyelids where elastic fibers are more numerous. The arterioles in the deep dermis are surrounded by nerve filaments which are positive for alkaline phosphatase. (3) In the hairy skin, the apocrine sweat glands are large and numerous, the ducts opening upon the surface and not inside the pilary canals. The secretory epithelium of the glands contains alkaline phosphatase, but no cholinesterase. (4) There are approximately 3,000 hairs per cm2, and each hair follicle is surrounded by an end-organ which contains alkaline phosphatase. (5) The small and spherical sebaceous glands are similar to those of the rodents.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091530105
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  • 149
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    The distribution of the autofluorescent cells and of the yellow autofluorescent granules in the rat tissuesThis work was supported by a grant from the National Cancer Institute of Canada. (1965)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 153 (1965), S. 71-83 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: We previously described in the rat lymphocytic tissues peculiar cells referred to as autofluorescent cells. They are filled with cytoplasmic granules most of which emit a yellow autofluorescence under the fluorescence microscope. In this work, in an attempt to clarify the function of these cells, their distribution was investigated in the various tissues of the rat. Cells comparable to the autofluorescent cells were found in the stroma of the trachea, gut, ovaries, uterus and bone marrow. These areas are sites of antigenic challenges and have a high mitotic activity. Hence, their distribution can support our previous suggestions that these cells are involved in immunity or growth. The tissues were examined furthermore to see if their parenchymal cells would contain yellow autofluorescent granules. The cells of most tissues were found to have some granules. It is suggested that these granules represent organelles, or lipids associated with organelles involved in cellular work.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091530109
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  • 150
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    Further studies on the development of the lateral motor column in anuran larvaeThis investigation was supported by funds from research grant G-19565 from the National Science Foundation.. I. Normal development in Rana temporaria (1965)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 152 (1965), S. 99-105 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: A study was made of the normal development of the lateral motor column (LMC) in the lumbo-sacral region of the European grass frog, Rana temporaia. The results were then compared with the development of the LMC in Rana pipiens (Beaudoin, '55), in order to determine if the difference in life cycle between the two species would result in differences in development of the column. The results show that the overall developmental pattern in R. temporaria is no different from that found in other anura. There is a general decrease in the large number of cells present early in the larval period and a concomitant increase in the size of the remaining cells during development through metamorphosis. During metamorphosis, at least 80% of the original population of cells are lost. Immediately following forelimb emergence, nuclear area is at least 52% larger than the nuclear area of cells found at the earliest stage. In both species, the largest decrease in cell number and increase in cell size is at the time the circulating thyroid hormone concentration is at its highest level. Although the pattern of development in the two species is similar, the number and size of the LMC cells differ significantly between the two species during the late larval stages. This difference can be attributed to the difference in life cycle between R. pipiens and R. temporaria.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091520110
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  • 151
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    Masthead (1965)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 152 (1965) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091520201
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  • 152
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    The relation between nerve fiber number and limb regenerative capacity in the lizard, AnolisAided by grants from the American Cancer Society and the National Institutes of Health, Public Health Service. (1965)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 152 (1965), S. 137-140 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The present work provides some quantitative evidence for the view that the inability of the lizard's limb to regenerate is due to an insufficiency of nerve fibers. The number of fibers per unit area of the amputation surface of the lizard's forelimb is approximately one-half that reported for the limb of the salamander, capable of regeneration. It is known that when the number of fibers in the salamander's limb is reduced to about half its normal value, regeneration does not occur in about 50% of the animals. The possibility is also discussed that the lizard's limb, in addition to being less innervated than that of the salamander, is also more refractory in its growth response to the nerve. Finally, the comparative poverty of innervation of the lizard's limb relative to that of the salamander suggests that the evolutionary trend in the vertebrate series toward elaboration of central nervous mechanisms was accompanied by a decline in richness of peripheral innervation.
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  • 153
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    Persistence of the axis artery of the lower limbPublication no. 679 of the Division of Basic Health Sciences. (1965)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 152 (1965), S. 161-172 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Three negro cadavers examined during routine dissection showed remnants of the axis artery acting as important adult arterial routes through the lower extremity. In two of the three cases, the anomalous condition involved persistent ischiatic portions of the axis artery continued into the genicular region as the popliteal artery. In these cases, the function of the much reduced femoral artery was assumed by an over-developed profunda femoris artery which, with its perforating branches, then entered the persistent ischiatic artery to give rise to the popliteal.In one of these cases, the infragenicular circulatory pattern was completely typical.In two of the three cases, one of which is included above, the anomalous condition of the axis artery involved the infragenicular circulatory pattern. In these, two anomalous conditions were obvious: (1) the peroneal artery rather than the anterior tibial, which was incomplete distally, carried the blood supply to the dorsalis pedis artery, and (2) the peroneal artery, by virtue of its position relative to the tibialis posterior muscle, represented the old interosseous part of the axis artery distal to the ramus communicans medius rather than the more recently developed superficial peroneal artery.The sequence of embryonic development of the arterial supply of the lower extremity is presented along with comments as to the cause and time of origin of the anomalous conditions presented herein.
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    Spontaneous and dietary-induced cardiovascular lesions in DBA miceSupported by grants from the National Institutes of Health, U.S.P.H.S. (HE-04052), N.I.H. Institutional Research Grant (FR 05086), and from the Mississippi Heart Association. (1965)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 152 (1965), S. 199-209 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: In DBA mice, 12-16 months of age, receiving an adequate commercial diet the incidence of ventricular myocardial necrosis and calcification was 48% and that of pericardial calcification was 12%. Atrial thrombosis did not occur. Young adult mice of the same strain were fed a high-fat (28% lard), low-protein (8% casein) diet, with and without lipotropic supplement of betaine, for 48 weeks. The incidence of ventricular myocardial necrosis and calcification increased significantly over the spontaneous level with the greatest frequency (95%) occurring in the betaine-supplemented group. Pericardial calcification also increased with the highest incidence (100%) in the non-supplemented animals. Dietary induced atrial thrombosis reached lethal dimensions (80%) for most animals in the betaine-supplemented group within 12 weeks. The non-supplemented animals had less atrial thrombosis (50%) and greater longevity. Frequency and types of lesions observed were similar to those which occur in other strains of mice fed the same diet. The genetic susceptibility to spontaneous cardiac lesions did not appear to predispose the DBA mice to a greater sensitivity to dietary induced lesions, but may have contributed to the calcification which characterized the lesions. Dietary betaine seemed to influence significantly the production of a higher incidence of cardiac damage.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091520211
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    A comparison of selected morphological and chemical methods for measuring neuron activity in the supraoptic nucleus of dehydrated ratsSupported by a grant from the National Science Foundation. (1965)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 152 (1965), S. 231-234 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: A comparison of results of measuring supraoptic neuron activity was made in normal and in dehydrated rats by the following methods; (1) Measuring the nucleolar diameter of the neurons with a filar micrometer, with an image splitting eyepiece and, with the latter instrument, using the “comparative technique” - all three methods yielded statistically significant differences. (2) Measuring the concentration of cresyl violet in the nucleoli with a microspectrophotometer - a statistically significant difference was found. Also included for comparison were the results of a previous experiment in which the ribonucleic acid and succinic dehydrogenase content of the supraoptic nucleus was measured with a spectrophotometer following chemical extraction. The RNA was found to increase significantly but not the succinic dehydrogenase. Of the methods used for measuring nucleolar diameters the “comparative technique” appeared to be the most rapid from the practical viewpoint.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091520302
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  • 156
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    The conducting system of the heart of the house sparrow, Passer domesticus indicus (1965)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 152 (1965), S. 235-249 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: In the heart of Passer the specialized conducting tissue develops earlier than the nervous elements. The sinuatrial and the atrioventricular nodes appear simultaneously at the 15 mm stage and the atrioventricular bundle at the 23 mm stage. During development the sinuatrial node shifts its position due to the gradual absorption of the sinus venosus into the right atrium. The caudal end of the interatrial septum is enlarged to accomodate the compound atrioventricular node. In the adult bird the bundle branches extend through the atrioventricular valves of their sides and reach the other wall of the ventricular cavity. Among the specialized tissues, the sinuatrial region is the first to receive the nerve supply. The atrioventricular nodal and bundle regions are innervated by the ganglia present at the atrioventricular sulcus. The ganglionic cells are bipolar or multipolar. The nerve fibers terminate in “end-bulbs.” Only the atrioventricular node shows a few fine nerve fibers within its substance. No direct nerve connection is present between the nodes and the bundle. It seems that the nervous elements present in the regions of the specialized tissues are concerned only with the control of the activity of these structures.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091520303
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  • 157
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    Dorsal roots of the rabbit investigated by freeze-substitutionSupported by a grant from The National Science Foundation (GB 2055). (1965)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 152 (1965), S. 283-292 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Dorsal roots from adult rabbits prepared by a freeze-substitution technique and studied by electron microscopy have been compared with those obtained by standard fixation with OsO4. The essential features of myelinated and nonmyelinated fibers and their associated Schwann cells are similar in appearance after both types of fixation. There are, however, slight differences. The extracellular clefts between the nonmyelinated axons and their associated Schwann cells are wider in freeze-substituted roots (200 to 250 Å versus 100 to 150 Å). The major dense lines in the myelin sheath are wider (45 to 55 Å versus about 30 Å) and their radial repeat period is larger (145 to 155 Å versus 100 to 120 Å) in freeze - substituted material than in routinely fixed nerves.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091520308
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  • 158
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    Induction of pseudopregnancy in the rat by vaginal stimulation at various stages of the estrous cycleSupported by Grant CA 02193-11S1, U.S. Public Health Service. (1965)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 152 (1965), S. 499-502 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Normally-cycling female rats were electrically stimulated at various stages of the estrous cycle to test the effectiveness of a modified probe for the induction of pseudopregnancy. The ability to form decidua served as the criterion of successful response. The probe was constructed to deliver a cervical-vaginal or vaginal-vaginal stimulation rather than the usual cervical-cervical stimulation. The electrical stimulus used consisted of 50 v at 200 pps for a five-second duration. It was found to be effective throughout vaginal estrus but was much less effective during early and late proestrus or early metestrus. Placement of electrodes on the vaginal wall during stimulation was shown to be as effective as placing them on the cervices. As a result, rats may now be made pseudopregnant without visual placement of electrodes thereby simplifying and hastening the stimulation procedure and rendering it more suitable for routine use. Only 20-25 seconds were required to stimulate each animal.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091520409
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  • 159
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    Demineralization with EDTA by constant replacement (1965)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 153 (1965), S. 41-47 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: An apparatus for demineralization of hard tissues by constant replacement of a saturated solution of EDTA is described. This method allows for more rapid demineralization through better Ca chelation. EDTA demineralization preserves cells and matrix constituents particularly the mucopolysaccharides as demonstrated by staining, Alpharadiography, phase contrast microscopy and microincineration. Cold acetone fixation followed by cold EDTA demineralization retains several enzymic activities.
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    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091530106
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  • 160
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    The arterial supply of the dura mater of the rhesus monkeyThis investigation was supported, in part, by USPHS research grant De-00895 from the National Institute of Dental Research, National Institutes of Health. (1965)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 152 (1965), S. 155-160 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: A study of the dural blood supply in 20 specimens by dissection, corrosion preparations and cleared specimens indicates that the dural arteries are similar to those of man yet significant differences were noted. The anterior cranial fossa is supplied by small twigs which spread through the dura of the anterior cranial fossa floor. The larger branch, the anterior meningeal artery, perforates the lateral orbital wall and supplies the lateral wall of anterior and middle cranial fossae. The middle meningeal artery, of the maxillary artery, divides into two branches in the floor of the middle fossa. The anterior or frontal branch always anastomoses with the anterior meningeal artery. Sometimes it also continues upward to the lateral wall of the middle fossa to supply it. The posterior middle meningeal branch passes backward to supply the parietal area. The posterior meningeal artery, of the occipital artery, enters the skull near the beginning of the sigmoid sinus and follows the general course of the lambdoidal suture.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091520206
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  • 161
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    External morphology of the erect glans penis of the dogThis investigation was supported in part by Public Health Service Training Grant 5T1-GM-386-04 from the Division of General Medical Sciences. Based in part on a thesis submitted by the senior author to the Gradute School of the University of Minnesota, in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Ph.D. degree. (1965)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 152 (1965), S. 193-198 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The external morphology of the erect glans penis was studied and compared to that of the nonerect organ. Morphological changes that occur with tumescence and detumescence were also reported. Some distinct parts of the erect pars longa glandis which are not distinguished in classical nomenclature are described and labeled. These structures are the urethral process, corona glandis and collum glandis. These distinct morphological areas coincide with areas which seem to be functionally distinct in both the erect and nonerect glans penis. The implications that these observations may have for considerations of comparative anatomy of the external male genitalia are discussed.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091520210
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  • 162
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    Masthead (1965)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 116 (1965) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmor.1051160101
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  • 163
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    The relation of amicronuclearity to stomatogenic activity during conjugation in several ciliates (1965)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 116 (1965), S. 51-63 
    Details
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Early in conjugation, both in micronucleate and amicronucleate ciliates, the original oral structures degenerate and are quickly succeeded by new rudiments which may or may not attain functional competency. These changes were followed in matings of amicronucleate Oxytricha fallax and, in somewhat less detail, of amicronucleate Paramecium multimicronucleatum and P. trichium.In the ex-conjugants of Oxytricha the new peristomes did not reach complete structural development: they bore a deficient number of adoral membranelles and lacked an undulating membrane along the right border. Numerous isolated pairs gave rise to ex-conjugants, all of which died within a few days. Macronuclear changes in conjugation seemed normal.In P. multimicronucleatum most of the ex-conjugants lacked a buccal cavity. Either the second generation oral apparatus had failed to develop or had disappeared quickly after it did arise. An occasional ex-conjugant possessed an oral opening which could have been the persisting original buccal cavity, or a possible new one. Isolated pairs yielded 80-100% lethality. The discrepancy from 100% is explainable on the basis of precocious separation of a small number of pairs before their macronuclei had reached irreversible skein formation, as judged by stained specimens. The macronuclear changes were somewhat different from those of micronucleate conjugation.P. trichium amicronucleate conjugations were studied only from cases in mass cultures, all of which died out. Although most of the ex-conjugants lacked buccal cavities, there was a higher percentage of individuals with mouths than was true for P. multimicronucleatum.
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  • 164
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    An autoradiographic study of RNA synthesis in isolated salivary glands of Drosophila hydei. I. Autoradiographic studies (1965)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 116 (1965), S. 65-87 
    Details
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: RNA synthesis in isolated Drosophila salivary glands was studied by autoradiography. The dry mass of cellular structures was determined by interference microscopy; a correction which compensates for self-absorption of β-particles, and consequent lowered grain counts, is discussed. The correction factors are 12.0 for nucleolus, 5.0 for nucleoplasm and 8.8 for cytoplasm.After 15 seconds in uridine-H3, label was localized over the nucleolus; after one minute, nucleoplasm RNA became labeled also. In situ synthesis of some nucleolar RNA is indicated.Comparisons of uridine-H3 and cytidine-H3 incorporation were made in glands exposed briefly to isotope, followed by transfer to unlabeled nucleoside solutions. The data suggest two RNA fractions in nucleoli. Rapid turnover and higher uridine incorporation characterized one fraction, which resembled RNA of nucleoplasm metabolically. The second nucleolar RNA incorporated less uridine, remained longer in the nucleolus, and resembled cytoplasmic RNA in precursor incorporation pattern.Preincubation in Actinomycin D before uridine-H3 labeling resulted in 80% inhibition of RNA synthesis in both nucleolus and nucleoplasm. Longer isotope exposures produced some increase in labeling. Actinomycin treatment delayed appearance of label in cytoplasmic RNA.After HCl extraction of uridine-H3-labeled RNA, some activity, presumed to be incorporated in DNA, remained. This non-extractable label appeared earliest over nucleoli, and subsequently over chromatin. Actinomycin treatment abolished incorporation of non-extractable label into nucleoli.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmor.1051160105
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  • 165
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    Integumentary changes during moulting of arthropods with special reference to the subcuticle and ecdysial membranePaper no. 5524, Scientific Journal Series, Minnesota Agricultural Experiment Station, St. Paul, Minnesota 55101. Acknowledgment is made for financial support from the National Science Foundation, (Grant GB-365). (1965)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 116 (1965), S. 1-21 
    Details
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: At or shortly prior to the separation of the cuticle and the epidermis a cuticular layer appears to be added to the inner surface of the old cuticle. The term interzone cuticle is applied to this layer. The interzone cuticle appears to give rise to the ecdysial membrane.Ecdysial membranes are characterized by the fact that they (1) vary in position with respect to the moulting fluid and old cuticle, (2) are generally quite thin, transparent, delicate membranes, (3) contain chitin, (4) vary in their resistance to the action of the moulting fluid, and (5) generally have the same stainng properties as the subcuticle, due primarily to the presence of a mucous material present in the subcuticle which becomes attached to the inner surface of the ecdysial membrane and which is believed to function as a lubricant at ecdysis.The ecdysial membrane and subcuticle are structurally quite different when examined under the electron microscope.No particular evolutionary significance can be ascribed to the existence of an ecdysial membrane  -  such membranes being found all the way from the primitive Collembola to the advanced Hymenoptera. Any possible function(s) of the ecdysial membrane has yet to be discovered. Various functions are suggested for the subcuticle, all of which are consistent with its reactions to various histochemical reagents.Additional observations were made and discussed concerning (1) the reactions of various portions of the cuticle at various stages to the PAS test, (2) the staining reactions of cuticle undergoing enzymatic degradation by the moulting fluid, and (3) the distinct staining reactions of the intersegmental membranes and basement membranes.
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  • 166
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    The third joint of the canine jawThis investigation was supported by a fellowship, no. 5-F2-DE-16,067-03, from the National Institute of Dental Research, Public Health Service.From the Department of Oral Anatomy, University of Illinois. Modification of a thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of requirements for the degree of Master of Science in Anatomy. (1965)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 116 (1965), S. 23-50 
    Details
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: The dog mandible has three joints  -  two temporomandibular and one symphyseal joint. In studies of jaws and their mechanics usually only the temporomandibular joints are considered. The symphysis is consistently neglected and because of this, remarkable features of the temporomandibular joints have never been noted.The symphysis has special connective tissue arrangements and its own vascular and nerve supply. Along the anterosuperior part of the symphysis, a strip of fibrocartilage, and running more or less parallel to it, strong cruciate ligaments bind the symphyseal plates together. Small arteries run into the symphyseal joint and it is drained by an anastomosing venous plexus. The posterior, ligamentous, portion is laced with a profuse network of nerves.The temporomandibular joint is unusual in that its joint disc is powerfully anchored to the skull medially and to the outer pole of the mandibular condyle laterally. The temporomandibular joint disc thus acts as a ligament that halts lateral movement of the condyle just as the carnassial teeth are aligned for cutting function. As the mandible moves laterally, the space between the posterior ends of the symphyseal plates widens: at the same time it narrows anteriorly. The cruciate ligaments control this movement and stabilize the symphyseal joint by preventing direct lateral displacement of the symphyseal plates. The fibrocartilage cushions this movement and also mediates rotational movements about the longitudinal axis of the mandible when crushing molar teeth come into function.
    Additional Material: 22 Ill.
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  • 167
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    An autoradiographic study of RNA synthesis in isolated salivary glands of Drosophila hydei. II. Interferometric studiesThis study was supported by Public Health Training grant no. 2G216. (1965)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 116 (1965), S. 89-98 
    Details
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Interferometric measurements were made on sections of salivary glands mounted in oils of refractive indices 1.410, 1.460, and 1.500, estimating optical path differences as fringe displacement with a Leitz double-beam interferometer microscope. From these data the mean concentrations (in mg/cm2/micron) of 55 cells of three glands were computed as follows: karyoplasm, 0.027±0.0026; cytoplasm, 0.048 ± 0.0024; nucleolus, 0.066±0.0041. From these concentrations it was computed, according to Maurer and Primbsch (Exp. Cell Res., 33: 8-18) that the correction factors for four micron sections were: karyoplasm, 0.203; cytoplasm, 0.114; nucleolus, 0.083. The reciprocals of these fractions (5.0, 8.8, and 12.0) are the correction factors of Arnold (J. Morph., in press) by which measured silver grain densities on autoradiographs are multiplied to give corrected (i.e. potential) densities.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
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  • 168
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    A morphological and histochemical study of the reproductive system of the slug, Philomycus carolinianus (Bosc) (1965)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 116 (1965), S. 117-131 
    Details
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Glycogen, determined by Best's carmine and/or PAS Tripas staining, and alkaline phosphatase, determined by the Gomori technic, occur together throughout the epithelium of the genital tract. Sites of high alkaline-phosphatase activity are the acinar epithelium, nurse cells, and follicular cells of the ovotestis. Sperm heads are also strongly positive for the enzyme. The nidamental gland cells and the subepithelial mucous cells associated with the loop of the hermaphroditic duct and with the spermatic groove are thionine metachromatic, alcianophilic, PAS-positive and amylase-fast. The mucous cells of the genital atrium are PAS-positive and amylase-fast but lack both thionine metachromasia and affinity for Alcian blue.
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  • 169
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    The anatomy, physiology and comparative aspects of the repugnatorial glands of Orthocricus arboreus (Diplopoda:Spirobolida) (1965)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 116 (1965), S. 99-108 
    Details
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: The quinoidal secretion, secreted by holocrine action from most gland cells (no cytoplasmic inclusions), of Orthocricus arboreus may ooze out or be sprayed over 30 cm. A thick gland intima and basement membrane protects internal organs. The gland grades into a neck leading to an external orifice. An ejaculatory duct, its lumen closed by cuticular spring action, is formed by invagination of the neck. Part of the duct forms a tongue, which can independently unplug the orifice. Retractor muscles open the ejaculatory duct, secretion flows in from the gland, and the part of the duct nearest the gland closes. Sequential relaxation of the rest of the retractor muscles build up fluid pressure, which results in a spray when the orifice is unplugged. A ligament opposes the pull of the retractor muscles. Opening both duct and orifice results in secretion ooze. No intrinsic gland muscles were found. Intersegmental muscles may produce hemolymph fluid pressure on the gland, thereby contributing to secretion ooze. Illustrations are presented. A table comparing the two basic types of millipede repugnatorial glands (spirobolid and polydesmid), on the levels of structure, histology, secretion, chemistry and function is presented. The polydesmid type (2-chambered) probably evolved from the spirobolid type (1-chambered). The secretion of one type would not work in the other type of apparatus. A second table corelates the secretion and ejection mechanism of 23 species of millipeds with their phylogenetic position in the class Diplopoda.
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  • 170
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    Histochemistry of the developing chick esophagus and trachea. I. Alkaline phosphataseThis investigation was supported by research grant A 3343(A), National Institute of Arthritis and Metabolic Diseases. (1965)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 116 (1965), S. 109-115 
    Details
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Tissues of White Leghorn embryos of stages 17-45, and chicks of one day, two days, and three weeks of age were frozen or fixed in 85% ethanol. Alkaline phosphatase was identified using the azo-dye or Gomori techniques.Alkaline phosphatase activity is found in the ventral mesenchyme of the esophagus surrounding the epithelium to stage 34. At stage 38 activity appears in the basal layers of the epithelium and is subsequently lost in the mesenchymal tissues. This activity persists in the epithelium throughout development and following hatching. At 16 days the mucous glands arise as solid buds of epithelium projecting into the tunica propria. These buds are highly positive for alkaline phosphatase. As differentiation of the glands becomes complete they and their ducts lose their positive phosphatase reaction.On the fourth day of development the trachea is found lying ventral to the esophagus. Mesenchyme has condensed around the tracheal epithelium by the fifth day, at stage 37 (11 days) the first cartilaginous rings appear, and by stage 38 (12 days) all are completely formed. During the third week of development the trachea increases in size. Pseudo-stratified columnar ciliated epithelium begins to appear at 15 days. Alkaline phosphatase is highly reactive in the mesenchyme surrounding the epithelium prior to cartilage formation. After the cartilages have formed the reaction diminishes and in late stages of development phosphatase is found only in the epithelium.
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  • 171
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    Masthead (1965)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 116 (1965) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmor.1051160201
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  • 172
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    Innervation of the hand muscles of Didelphis marsupialis virginiana, KerrThis investigation was made in the Department of Zoology, University of Michigan under the direction of Professor A. H. Stockard, while the author was there as a National Science Foundation Science Faculty Fellow. This paper is part of the author's dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the University of Michigan, '63. (1965)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 116 (1965), S. 133-147 
    Details
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: An investigation of the innervation of the hand muscles of the opossum, Didelphis marsupialis virginiana, Kerr, was made to determine the pattern of hand muscle innervation in a relatively primitive quadruped mammal. Four pairs of preserved opossum hands were dissected, and the innervation of their muscles studied with a stereobinocular microscope. The distributions of the median and ulnar nerves to the hand muscles are outlined, and the details of distribution are illustrated by means of seven diagrams.Peculiar anastomoses were consistently found between the superficial interdigital rami of the median nerve and branches of the deep volar ramus of the ulnar nerve, and the short deep flexors of digit II consistently received all, or a part, of their innervation from superficial interdigital rami of the median nerve. Five features of these unusual nerve connections and distributions are summarized and discussed.
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  • 173
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    The opercular apparatus of salamanders (1965)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 116 (1965), S. 149-170 
    Details
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: The primitive structure of the salamander otic capsule (exemplified by Hynobius) includes both operculum and columella in the fenestra vestibuli and connection of operculum with suprascapsular cartilage by an “opercularis” muscle formed by levator scapulae. Larvae of Hynobiidae, Ambystomatidae, and Salamandridae have early development of columella and stilus, which are used in sound transmission via the suspensorium until the development of the operculum and its muscular connection with the shoulder girdle at metamorphosis. Hynobiids and ambystomatids show parallel trends toward reduction or fusion of the operculum and widening of the attachment area of the levator scapulae on the suprascapular cartilage, and some members of both families have lost the operculum.The Salamandridae have lost columella and stilus as adult structures, but extend the attachment of levator scapulae ventrally by a division resulting in attachment to the scapulocoracoid, probably as an adaptation for better reception and transmission of sound vibrations in terrestrial environments.The Plethodontidae differ strikingly in otic structure from the other families in having an operculum present in the larval stage and fused to columella, and in utilization of part of the cucullaris major as an “opercularis” muscle. These changes are probably the result of changes in orientation of the fenestra vestibuli. In plethodontids with aquatic larval stages the columella is retained as a sound-transmitting element, but in many specialized forms it is reduced or absent.Close correlation of otic structures with ecology limits their use as evolutionary indicators in salamanders. However, the general pattern of otic structures in salamanders, and the magnitude of differences in this region seen in plethodontids, indicates that the latter are probably not derived from the salamandrids, but from a primitive salamander stock.
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    Development of intracranial arterial patterns in turtlesA portion of a thesis presented at Harvard University in partial fulfillment of requirements for the Ph.D. degree. (1965)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 116 (1965), S. 171-187 
    Details
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Observations on chelonian intracranial arteries are based primarily on the adult condition in Pseudemys scripta and on a series of Chrysemys marginata embryos. Those vessels which show major modifications are the anterior cerebral, posterior cerebral, cerebellar, and internal auditory arteries. The distal portion of the embryonic anterior cerebral is acquired by more medial vessels; from the proximal portion develops the middle cerebral which becomes the major source of supply for the lateral surface of the adult cerebral hemisphere. The posterior cerebral appears early in development and eventually supplies branches to the epiphysis, posterior portions of the hemisphere, olfactory regions, anterior face of the optic lobe, and choroid plexus of the third and lateral ventricles. The cerebellar and internal auditory arteries show similarities in development, each initially supplying the area immediately surrounding a nerve root and then acquiring larger areas of distribution by means of anastomoses with nearby medullary vessels.
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    Histochemistry of the “sexual segment” granules of the male rattlesnake kidneyThis investigation was supported by grant AM-06867-1 from the National Institutes of Health, Public Health Service. (1965)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 116 (1965), S. 189-195 
    Details
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: The histochemistry of the “sexual segment” granules of the kidney of male diamondback rattlesnakes has been studied to define the nature of these andro-genically responsive granules. The kidneys were variously fixed and sections stained with a number of acid dyes, as well as by a variety of carbohydrate, lipid, and protein histochemical methods. The results indicate that “sexual segment” granules bind acid dyes strongly, contain some lipids and neutral glyco- or mucoproteins, much tyrosine and lysine, and some tryptophan and cysteine. A resemblance, concluded to be superficial, is noted between the histochemical properties of zymogen granules and the predominantly proteinaceous “sexual segment” granules.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmor.1051160204
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    The development of the skull of Psammophis sibilans. I. The development of the chondrocranium (1965)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 116 (1965), S. 197-246 
    Details
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: The development of the chondrocranium of the Egyptian snake, Psammophis sibilans has been thoroughly studied in six developmental stages. The neurocranium and viscerocranium develop at the same time. In early stages the mesocephalic flexure is well represented, but later it is gradually reduced. The notochord is completely embedded inside the parachordal plate in the early and moderate stages, and the paired origin of the plate is not observed. From the very beginning the quadrate cartilage is in close contact with Meckel's cartilage. In early stages the two cartilages lie nearly at the same straight line, and throughout development the quadrate rotates freely until the angle between it and Meckel's cartilage becomes nearly a right one. It was impossible to find a stage at which the auditory capsules and their cochlear portions were separate from the parachordal plate. There is no interorbital septum and the platytrabic character of the chondrocranium is preserved. The basicranial fenestra, fenestrae X and the fenestra ovalis are formed by the resorption of pre-existing cartilage. The planum antorbitale has no separate center of chondrification. The rudiment of a simplified type of concha nasalis is formed in the last stage. The lamina transversalis anterior is formed of two separate portions. The tectum synoticum is of purely otic origin.
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  • 177
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    Masthead (1965)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 116 (1965) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmor.1051160301
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    The development of the skull of Psammophis sibilans. II. The fully formed chondrocranium (1965)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 116 (1965), S. 247-295 
    Details
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: The fully formed chondrocranium of the Egyptian snake, Psammophis sibilans has been described in detail. The tectum synoticum is very broad and there is apparently no tectum posterius. The notochord is completely embedded in the occipital condyle. The connection between the condyle and the odontoid process persists to the fully formed stage. There is only one commissure, representing the anterior basicapsular commissure, connecting the auditory capsule to the basal plate. The fisura metotica is continuous postero-dorsally with the fissura occipitocapsularis. The distal bent end of the shaft of the columella auris represents the processus dorsalis, and the nodule that separates from it and fuses with the quadrate is the intercalare. The interorbital septum, orbitosphenoid cartilages, basitrabecular processes and planum supraseptale are completely absent. The concha nasalis is of the simplified type, the active factor in its formation is the folding of the olfactory epithelium. The solum nasi is greatly reduced and comprises the floor of the cupola anterior, the composite lamina transversalis anterior, cartilago ectochoanalis, cartilago hypochoanalis and ectochonal plate. The branchial arches are completely absent. The pterygoquadrate is represented only by the quadrate cartilage. The ceratohyals are extremely long.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
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    The development of the skull of Psammophis sibilans. III. The osteocranium of a late embryo (1965)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 116 (1965), S. 297-310 
    Details
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: The osteocranium of a late embryo of the Egyptian snake, Psammophis sibilans (age, 58 days; total body length, 190 mm) has been described. Attention was given to the relation of the different bones to the adjacent cartilages of the chondrocranium as well as to the topographical relation of the bones to each other in the late embryonic state. Several adjacent bones have not yet come in contact with each other. The membrane-bones make their appearance shortly before any sign of ossification in the cartilaginous cranium. The maxillary, palatine and pterygoid premordia have a slight earlier appearance than the other bony premordia. The lacrymal, postfrontal, squamosal, jugal, quadratojugal and epipterygoid bones are completely absent. The laterosphenoid bone is never performed in cartilage. The whole columella auris is ossified.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
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  • 180
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    The adult and larval morphology and life history of the entoproct Barentsia gracilis (M. Sars, 1835) (1965)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 116 (1965), S. 311-338 
    Details
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: The morphology of the entoproct Barentsia gracilis (M. Sars, 1835), has been studied primarily by routine light microscopy techniques supplemented with observations by electron microscopy. In general, the B. gracilis adult is similar in structure to other members of the Pedicellinidae. Differences noted include: the presence of conspicuous fibers, probably collagenous, which appear to reinforce the stalk- calyx connection, the presence of a distinct glandular- appearing area (also present in the larva) of unknown function, and the presence of two rows of latero- frontal cilia on the tentacles. The first detailed morphology of an entoproct larva is also presented and the striking similarity to the adult noted. Due to the confused state of Barentsia systematics, it was found that B. gracilis, B. geniculata, and B. benedeni may very well be the same animal. This is due to the great variability, apparently due to ecological factors, found in the key taxonomic characters such as stalk morphology. The feeding behavior of the adult is described and the larval feeding and rejection mechanism is reported for the first time. The larva, while still in the brood pouch, uses its ciliary girdle to remove food from the parent's food groove. The larval feeding current is generally similar to that of the adult, with modifications which are related to the lack of tentacles in the larva. The larva differs from the adult in having special ciliated rejection pathways for the removal of excess food particles.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmor.1051160302
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  • 181
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    Chick cephalogenesis. The normal development of the cephalic region of stages 3 through 11 chick embryos (1965)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 116 (1965), S. 357-369 
    Details
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: The cephalogenesis of chick embryos was studied at stages 3 through 11 inclusive. Ten embryos were examined at each stage. Particular attention was paid to the time of appearance of the prechordal plate mesoderm and cephalic notochord. It was found that the presumptive neural ectoderm begins to differentiate to form medullary plate as soon as it becomes associated with the chordamesoderm. Histological studies revealed the similarity of the notochord underlying the presumptive forebrain and midbrain regions, and the differences between this notochord and that associated with the hindbrain. These differences included the notochord histology and time of separation of the notochord from entoderm and neural ectoderm.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmor.1051160304
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  • 182
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    Microvillous cells in ampullae of the lizard inner ear (1965)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 116 (1965), S. 339-355 
    Details
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Electron microscopy of membranous labyrinths in Anolis carolinensis, Gonatodes biteanatus and Ameiva chrysolaema reveals the presences of cells of complex structure located adjacent to sensory areas in all ampullae. Microvillous cells are characterized by extensive infolding of basal cell membrane, with clefts extending to level of the basal portion of the nucleus. Each compartment thus formed is filled with mitochondria, ribosomes and glycogen. Lateral and basolateral interdigitations with surrounding cells are present. Supranuclear cytoplasm is composed of numerous mitochondria, extensive Golgi apparatus and dense populations of ribosomes and glycogen. Smooth endoplasmic reticulum is the most common reticulum present, although there is scattered granular reticulum. Toward lumen of ampulla, cells are constricted and a small portion of cytoplasm extends between supporting cells to bulge into lumen. Long, slender, branching microvilli project from luminal border into endolymph.Supporting cells resemble those found in adjacent sensory areas, with undulating luminal membranes, few mitochondria, scattered (but abundant) ribosomes and polysomes, considerable endoplasmic reticulum, extensive Golgi apparatus, lateral and basolateral interdigitations with other supporting cells and microvillous cells. Also present are large vacuoles containing elongate, randomly- oriented crystalline material.General morphology of microvillous cells suggests that they are involved in ion transport and in maintenance of electrolyte balance in endolymph. The role of glycogen in this process is discussed, as is the general problem of endolymph formation.
    Additional Material: 13 Ill.
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  • 183
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    The phenomena of amphibian metamorphosis. IV. The development of the median eminence (1965)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 116 (1965), S. 371-378 
    Details
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: The development of the median eminence of several species of American anurans was studied in correlation with the progress of metamorphosis. Before metamorphosis the hypothalamic arteries break up into a plexus of capillaries lying in the extensive area of contact between the anterior lobe and the floor of the hypothalamus. During prometamorphosis the neural tissue of this area is converted into the median eminence. The neural tissue becomes thicker and shorter as the capillaries on its surface sink inward. The anterior lobe separates from the neural tissue except at its anterior tip where the residual capillaries have enlarged to form the pituitary portal veins. These changes are largely but not completely accomplished by the be- beginning of metamorphic climax. No significant alterations were found in the neurosecretory cells or their fibers during metamorphosis. The morphological data are interpreted in terms of the changing level of activity of the pituitary- thyroid axis during metamorphosis and its dependence upon a thyrotropin- releasing factor from the brain.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmor.1051160305
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  • 184
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    Sexual cycle of the lizard, Leiolopisma fuscum, a tropical australian skink (1965)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 116 (1965), S. 379-387 
    Details
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Leiolopisma fuscum were obtained monthly between October, 1959, and March, 1960, in northeastern Australia, latitude 16°44'S. Gross as well as histological changes observed in the gonads and accessory sex structures of lizards of both sexes revealed seasonal variation in reproductive activity, which reached a peak in December and January. During March the gonads and accessory sex structures regressed in size but by October both sexes were again reproductively active.The reproductive activity of L. fuscum, and open forest form, was compared with that of L. rhomboidalis, a related inhabitant of the rainforest. Differences in the reproductive activity of the two species were attributed to differences in the habitats and in the climatic stimuli, especially annual rainfall, associated with these habitats.Leiolopisma fuscum which occurs over much of coastal northern Australia and part of southern Papua, is far more widespread than the other species. Its cyclic reproductive pattern is probably more typical of the genus. The reproductive cycle of L. rhomboidalis is probably adaptively specialized for conditions in the rainforest, where the physical environment is subject to less seasonal variation.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmor.1051160306
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  • 185
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    The lymphatic system of Dasypus novemcinctus and Dasypus sexcinctusThe research was aided by a grant from the Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche of the Republic of Italy. (1965)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 117 (1965), S. 49-71 
    Details
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: The lymphatic system of 40 specimens of Dasypus novemcinctus and 5 of Dasypus sexcinctus, both found in Brazil, were injected with Prussian blue suspension, neoprene latex (followed by partial corrosion). Lymphangioradiographic study was also made. The data concern the lymph nodes, the lymphatic networks, vessels and main trunks. The main features are the following: a few lymph nodes were missing (popliteal, subpubic and ischial); the superficial jugular ll.nn. predominate on the deep ones; the dorsal mediastinal ll.nn. are well developed; a mesentericocolic plexus is formed by the many anastomoses among the mesenteric and cecocolic ll.nn.; at regular intervals there is a concentration of vessels in the submucous network of the small intestine; the submucous network of the colon shows parallel lamellar lymphatic vessels; the mucous-submucous networks are usually independent from the subserous-muscular ones; there are two types of lymphatic networks alternating along the duodenum; folliculi lymphatici aggregati are absent; the lymphatic vessels run in the mesentery independently from the blood vessels; the mesenteric lymphatic vessels present many valves; the vessels from the diaphragm terminate directly in the cisterna chyli; there is a multipolarity of the abdominal lymphatic circulation, i.e., each organ has its own lymphatic tr.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmor.1051170104
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  • 186
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    Masthead (1965)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 117 (1965) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmor.1051170201
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  • 187
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    The occurrence of cardiac muscle in the pulmonary veins of rodentia (1965)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 117 (1965), S. 135-149 
    Details
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Cardiac muscle fibers have been found to extend from the left auricle along the pulmonary veins as far as the hilus of the lungs in man, in dogs, and in rodents such as the guinea pig. In other rodents, however, the cardiac muscle extends into the veins of the lung itself. To study the occurrence of cardiac tissue in the pulmonary veins, the lungs of selected rodents which represent nine superfamilies have been examined. Only the guinea pig, Cavia porcellus, was limited to having cardiac muscle in the extrapulmonary veins. All of the other 47 species examined had intrapulmonary extensions of cardiac muscle to various distances along the pulmonary veins. It is apparent that this morphological feature is not a specialization among a few families of rodents, but is probably a feature common to almost all of the rodents.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmor.1051170202
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  • 188
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    Morphogenetic studies of the rabbit XXXV. Pleiotropic effects of the dachs gene and the gradient growth patternThis study was supported in part by Public Health Service Grant C281 from the National Cancer Institute and in part from grant E40 from the American Cancer Society. (1965)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 117 (1965), S. 87-113 
    Details
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: The pleiotropic effects of the dachs gene (Da) upon the skeleton have been studied in alizarin stained preparations and roentgenograms in 412 skeletons of progeny (aged 31-90 days) of three possible genotypes obtained from heterozygous parents. Basically they arise as direct or indirect manifestations of retardation, including reductions in size, deficiency in numbers of skeletal units, compensatory induction of accessory units, and overgrowth of adjacent normal units. These lead to homeotic shifts or displacement in position, crowding, and fusion. Vertebral borders anterior to v. 20 are displaced forward; those posterior tend to be backward, and the initial appearances of the epiphyses are also affected. Epiphyses of the vertebrae and long bones and the carpals and tarsals as maturity indicators are precocious as they are in retarded conditions of man, and this is enhanced in heterozygotes simulating overdominance or one gene heterosis. As indicators of premature maturation they have semblance of dysheterosis. Of particular significance is the manner in which these diverse pleiotropic effects exemplify the genetic concept of overdominance, modify the species or strain gradient pattern and the similarities of the mechanism of action to processes already revealed experimentally in the laboratory by various investigators. Extension of such study by qualitative and quantitative methods opens an approach to both genetic and environmental factors affecting normal and abnormal growth which can be tested in many ways. It would be particularly effective in study of the syndrome of effects induced by radiation, hypoxia, and other teratogenic agents.
    Additional Material: 14 Ill.
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  • 189
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    The poison gland of the cottonmouth moccasin, Ancistrodon P. piscivorus, as observed with the electron microscopeThis study was intiated with the cooperation of Dr. Joseph. F. Gennaro, Jr. who provided the snakes and obtained the tissue from them. The opportunity to examine the slides used in his histological and histochemical study (1960) and his interest in this work is appreciated.This study was supported by grants E-1868, E-4515, and HD-00606 from the National Institutes of Health, United States Department of Health, Education and Welfare. (1965)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 117 (1965), S. 115-133 
    Details
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: The structure of the poison gland of the cottonmouth moccasin has been studied with the electron microscope. This gland is divided functionally and structurally into a posterior and an anterior portion. In the posterior gland the columnar principal cells are considered to be responsible for the production of the secretory material, including the toxic substances in the venom. This cell is characterized by numerous dilated membrane pairs of the granular endoplasmic reticulum and by a large Golgi complex. Four other types of cells are observed within the epithelial layer of the posterior part of the gland, but their function is unknown.The majority of the cells of the anterior part of the gland are mucous-secreting goblet cells. Some possible stages in their secretory cycle are described. Granular endoplasmic reticulum is present in the basal areas of the cell. The accumulation of recognizable secretory material appears first in structures considered to be a part of the Golgi complex.
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  • 190
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    A histochemical study of follicular atresia in the snake ovary (1965)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 117 (1965), S. 151-169 
    Details
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: By employing histochemical techniques, the follicular atresia and problems of interstitial cells have been worked out in the ovaries of two species of snakes (Naja tripudians and Bungarus coeruleus). Large follicles with a polymorphic granulosa show more atresia from September to November. Details of morphological and histochemical changes in the yolk nucleus substance, mitochondria and lipid bodies of oocyte and granulosa have been described. During atresia the theca interna is greatly hypertrophied and is loaded with lipids consisting of first phospholipids, then phospholipids and triglycetides and finally triglycerides, cholesterol and its ester and little phospholipids. Finally the oocyte, zona pellucida, granulosa cells and most of the cells of theca interna regress and disappear, leaving behind some residual cells of theca interna. The histochemistry of normal and atretic follicle of snakes and lizards has also been compared and contrasted with that in mammals. The “interstitial cells” of snake ovary have been discussed in the light of recent researches carried out on similar cells in the mammalian ovary.
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  • 191
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    The effects of RNA synthesis inhibition and of protein synthesis inhibition on embryonic induction and cell differentiation in Rana pipiens (1965)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 117 (1965), S. 171-184 
    Details
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Presumptive epidermis cells of Rana pipiens gastrula (stage 11) was induced in vitro by LiCl to differentiate into melanophores. The period from the moment when the inductor was introduced to the cells to the moment of their morphological differentiation was arbitrarily divided into three stages: “A”  -  The time interval during which the cells were exposed to LiCl, “B”  -  The period of several hours immediately following the cells' contact with the inductor, and “C”  -  The period of time immediately preceding formation of pigment in the cells. During one of these three stages the cells were treated with one of the three inhibitors: actinomycin, puromycin or ethionine. Differential sensitivity of the activated cells to the inhibitor during these three stages was revealed by their subsequent differentiation. Puromycin when applied at stage “A” increased pigmentation of melanocytes. Actinomycin acting during stage “B” in some cases caused differentiation of mesenchyme-like cells instead of melanophores. Ethionine presented to the cells at stage “C” promoted differentiation of a characteristic cell type which could not be identified with any normal histological species.
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  • 192
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    Some observations on the anterior pituitary of the domestic fowl with the aid of the electron microscope (1965)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 117 (1965), S. 185-199 
    Details
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Lipid accumulations in the gonadotrophs of the pituitaries of aging and castrate fowl have been demonstrated. Secretory granules and mitochondria play no part in their formation. Some lipids, perhaps all, occupy the cavities of the ER. The ER is a highly variable organelle, appearing as spherical or irregularly shaped vesicles in gonadotrophs or as lamellae in acidophiles. The Golgi complex is typical of pituitary cells in general. There are no bodies in the enlarged cavities of the complex and convincing evidence for the origin of all secretory granules within the small vesicles of the complex is lacking. Many secretory granules appear to be without membranes and to lie free in the cytoplasmic matrix. Observations on the pituitaries of broody hens confirm earlier conclusions that the broody cells appear during the incubation period and that they are small cells with large nuclei and reduced cytoplasm. The study also confirms the accumulation of secretory granules in laying hens at one side of certain cells which are interpreted to be either LH or FSH producing basophiles. Thiouracil feeding brings about some unexpected granular accumulations in the ER vesicles of thyrotrophs of the fowl pituitary. The granules may fuse to form larger structures with concentric rings. Whether the effect is direct or indirect through the thyroid is uncertain, but thiouracil feeding and thyroidectomy produce similar effects upon the pituitary. The interpretation of these changes remains to be determined.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmor.1051170205
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  • 193
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    Disposition of nerve fibers in the regenerating limb of the adult newt, TriturusThis investigation was supported in part by a United States Public Health Service Research grant GM 10422 from the Division of General Medical Sciences, and by a Public Health Service Career Development Award NB-K3-3738 from the Division of Neurological Diseases and Blindness. (1965)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 117 (1965), S. 201-211 
    Details
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Bundles of nerve fibers invade the early regenerating limb of the adult newt Triturus. These fibers are unmyelinated and are only partly enveloped by accompanying Schwann cells. Isolated fibers make intimate contact with mesenchymatous cells. The fine structure of such contact regions suggests possible functional nerve terminations.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmor.1051170206
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  • 194
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    Masthead (1965)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 117 (1965) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmor.1051170301
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  • 195
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    The development of the ovary of the sea lamprey (Petromyzon marinus L.)This investigation was supported by a research grant from the National Research Council of Canada. (1965)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 117 (1965), S. 425-466 
    Details
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: This investigation is a histological study of the development of the ovary of the sea lamprey from south-western Ontario, Canada. Development is described from the first appearance of primordial oögonia at the site of the ovary up to ovulation. After mitotic proliferation, oögonia enter meiotic prophase and become oöcytes which enlarge and acquire basophilic cytoplasm.During metamorphosis all oöcytes are at a uniform stage of development and no oögonia remain in the ovary.The follicular layer in the early adult produces nurse cells which are incorporated into the oöcyte and increase its mass of RNA-rich cytoplasm. As the oöcyte enlarges, proteid yolk platelets are laid down in the cytoplasm. Vacuolation of the nucleolus, indicative of protein synthesis, is extensive during period of rapid growth and yolk formation.Immediately prior to spawning there is an accumulation of fluid under the follicular layer and the oöcyte emerges through a mound of follicular cells.Atresia of oöcytes occurs throughout the adult stages and following spawning. It is characterized by an enzymic dissolution of the yolk followed by phagocytic invasion. The phagocytes arise from the follicle in the early adult stages and from an unidentified source in the spawning-phase adult.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmor.1051170307
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  • 196
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    The time dimension in histologyPresidential address before the Diamond Jubilee meeting of the American Association of Anatomists held under the auspices of Georgetown University, Washington, D. C., on April 9-11, 1963. Accepted for publication in October 1963. (1965)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    American Journal of Anatomy 116 (1965), S. 1-27 
    Details
    ISSN: 0002-9106
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Additional Material: 58 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aja.1001160102
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  • 197
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    A comparative study of the fine structure of the trophoblast in several hemochorial placentasSupported by National Science Foundation grant GB-1166. (1965)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    American Journal of Anatomy 116 (1965), S. 29-67 
    Details
    ISSN: 0002-9106
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Portions of the labyrinth or villi of placentas from late pregnancy from nine species in four orders of mammals were examined with the electron microscope. Pronounced patterns of layering of the trophoblast were found in these placentas which were all of the hemochorial type. The laboratory rat, laboratory mouse, hamster, and deer mouse have three layers of trophoblast between the maternal blood space and fetal vessels (hemotrichorial), the rabbit two layers (hemodichorial), the guinea pig and chipmunk one layer (labyrinthine hemomonochorial), and the human and armadillo one layer (villous hemomonochorial).The outer layer of trophoblast of the hemotrichorial placentas (the layer next to the maternal blood) is cellular, but the next two layers are apparently syncytial and are closely apposed to one another. The outer layer of the rabbit placenta is syncytial, while the inner layer contains some pockets of cells. In all of the hemomonochorial placentas examined, the continuous layer of trophoblast was syncytial. It was found that the surface layer of trophoblast of all the placentas studied is rich in granular endoplasmic reticulum, whereas in subsequent layers this element is less abundant. All of the placentas show both surface and basal modifications of trophoblast, but caveolae (pinocytotic vesicles) were found to be most commonly located in crypts, pockets, or other regions somewhat removed from the surface. It is suggested that an area of relative stasis of maternal plasma may be important for absorption of some substances by the placenta.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aja.1001160103
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    Innervation of the pulmonary artery bifurcation of the catSupported by USPHS grants H-6730 and HE 08539-01. (1965)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    American Journal of Anatomy 116 (1965), S. 75-89 
    Details
    ISSN: 0002-9106
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The gross and microscopic innervation of the bifurcation and extrapulmonary portion of the pulmonary artery in the adult cat is described. Morphopharmacologic studies indicated that the major efferent and afferent innervation is contributed by the right recurrent cardiac nerve, a branch of the recurrent laryngeal.A morphologic description of the adventitial nerve bundles, preterminal axon plexus and medial, fine unmyelinated neurites as seen in methylene blue and Bielschowsky silver preparations is given. Rare, classical, pressoreceptor arborizations of de Castro type II were identified, but evidence was presented of degenerative and regenerative neural activity in the adventitial and pre-terminal plexus manifested by irregular axonic swellings, myelin ellipsoids with vacuolation, terminal growth cones and collateral sprouting. In these degenerative zones, the plexus assumed a more discontinuous organization showing features very suggestive of a simple pressoreceptor system composed predominantly of de Castro type I terminations.The in vitro pharmacologic studies using the isolated pulmonary artery-nerve preparation confirmed the existence of effector, vasoconstrictor adrenergic sympathetic fibers in the recurrent cardiac nerve. Small unmyelinated perivasal and perivasal collateral fibers disappear or show severe degenerative changes following bilateral sympathectomy, and are considered to represent the sympathtic autonomic component.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aja.1001160105
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  • 199
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    The shape of rat kidney tubular cells (1965)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    American Journal of Anatomy 116 (1965), S. 237-255 
    Details
    ISSN: 0002-9106
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Many cells specialized for ion transport have complex shapes. The cells of the nephron are no exception. Besides the well-documented lateral processes seen in the basal region of many tubular cells, two further specializations are found in rat kidney tubular cells which serve to increase the lateral cell membrane area. These are an interdigitation of processes confined to the apical region, and an inter-digitation of more extensive processes that extend the full height of the cell.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aja.1001160112
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  • 200
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    John Hunter on spontaneous intersexualityThis research was supported by grant GS 65 from the National Science Foundation. (1965)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    American Journal of Anatomy 116 (1965), S. 269-300 
    Details
    ISSN: 0002-9106
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Available information is assembled from published and unpublished accounts and pictures, and from study of surviving specimens, of cases of spontaneous intersexuality, pseudohermaphroditism, and other reproductive anomalies in mammals and birds which were studied by John Hunter (1728-1793). An effort is made to interpret this information in terms of current endocrine theory.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aja.1001160114
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