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  • 1960-1964  (107)
  • 1964  (59)
  • 1962  (48)
  • Biochemistry and Biotechnology  (104)
  • Polymerization  (3)
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  • 1960-1964  (107)
Year
Keywords
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Continuous cultivation of Escherichia coli possessing high penicillin-acylase activity (1964)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 6 (1964), S. 309-319 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The authors describe continuous cultivations of Escherichia coli possessing high penicillin-acylase activity in corn-steep liquor, peptone, and ammonium phenylacetate containing nutrient medium. If the cultivation is performed in the absence of ammonium phenylacetate the enzymic activities of cells from the batch as well as the continuous cultures are very low. The enzymic activity of cells in the batch process was considerably increased by the addition of 0.015% ammonium phenylacetate to the nutrient medium. Further increase of ammonium phenylacetate concentration did not result in any further increase of acylase activity. Continuous cultivation of the bacteria at the above ammonium phenyl-acetate concentration was unsuccessful, as the enzymic activity of the bacteria constantly decreased during the process. On increasing the concentration of ammonium phenylacetate in the medium to 0.15% the authors succeeded in maintaining the enzymic activity of the bacteria at the same level as in the batch process performed at 0.015% concentration, throughout the whole continuous cultivation. At the dilution rate D = 0.5 hr.-1 the concentration of cells in the culture effluent from the fermentor at the steady state was equal to cell concentration at the end of batch cultivation. In relation to the cultivation time the output of cells in continuous cultivation is almost seven times higher as compared with the batch process.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260060306
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Steam sterilizable probes for dissolved oxygen measurementSupported in part by grant E-2967 from the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Public Health Service. (1964)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 6 (1964), S. 457-468 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Steam-sterilizable membrane probes for monitoring the dissolved oxygen level in fermentors, or the oxygen content of gas streams, are described. The probes have a silver cathode, a lead anode, and an acetate buffer as an electrolyte. The membrane is Teflon. The current output of the probes in the absence of oxygen is negligible.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260060407
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Reproduction of distillers' yeastsPresented at the 145th National Am. Chem. Soc. Meeting, Division of Microbial Chemistry and Technology, Symposium on Yeasts, September 9, 1963. (1964)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 6 (1964), S. 191-221 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Distillers' yeasts, strains of Saccharomyces cerevisiae, although capable of sexual reproduction, in distillery practice reproduce asexually, by budding. A cell may bring forth another one in 50 min. With every ounce of whiskey produced, 30 billion new cells come to existence. Within a few days, in 4-8 propagation stages, a test tube full of culture will populate 100,000 gallons beer with 150 million cells per ml. Rate of reproduction, the number of new cells per each original cell varies from 5 to 50 in the various propagation stages. The number of new cells produced in a given nutrient is independent from the number of initial cells; and the utilization of the nutrient increases with the dilution of the substrate. Although distillers' yeasts may reproduce at such extremes as 1-46°C, 2½-10½ pH, presence of 0-15% alcohol by volume, and 0.1-25% sugar content, in distillery practice the factors are so selected to maintain conditions close to the optimum. When placed in the nutrient the initial cells will measure the chemical and physical characteristics of the new living space and the cell population, and will prepare a design of reproduction best suited to the conditions. The design includes a symmetry in the grouping of the cells and a rhythmic timing in starting new buds. Each healthy cells is biologically equal to the others and is capable of performing all functions characteristic of the strain. In spite of the sensitive coordination system between the individual cells that regulates their activity, marked differences exist among the cells to the degree of cell individuality. Distillers yeasts are superbly equipped to live and reproduce.
    Additional Material: 23 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260060208
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of pressure on the α-amylase catalyzed hydrolysis of starch (1964)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 6 (1964), S. 469-471 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: It was found that moderate pressures (16.0 to 43.1 atmospheres) perceptibly decreased the rate of α-amylase catalyzed starch hydrolysis. The decreased rate was apparently due to pressure induced deactivation of the enzyme.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260060408
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Dissolved oxygen electrode (1964)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 6 (1964), S. 491-496 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260060410
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    An apparatus for continuous electrophoresis on a preparative scale (1964)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 6 (1964), S. 223-234 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A method of performing electrophoretic separations in a thin horizontal layer of continuously flowing buffer has been developed. The theoretical considerations that make possible the use of a thin layer for stabilization against convection effects, without the assistance of a packing material, are discussed. The apparatus is described together with an example of its performance, and a comparison with that of other workers.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260060209
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The separation of biological mixtures by a liquid - liquid chromatography column containing differentially permeable partitions (1964)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 6 (1964), S. 235-240 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The operation and construction of a liquid-liquid chromatography apparatus containing differentially permeable partions is described. The method is of value for the separation of heat sensitive and nonvolatile solutes.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260060210
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Measurement of the kinetics of biological systems at elevated temperatures utilizing flow techniques (1964)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 6 (1964), S. 367-379 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Continuous flow-type reactors have been used to study the kinetics of biological systems for quite some time. For continuous media sterilization, tubular flow reactors are particularly useful being simple in character and easy to control. However, one aspect quite often neglected in sterilization calculations is the residence time distribution of the reactor system. Serious errors in estimating the degree of bacterial destruction can be encountered if the residence time distribution is neglected; especially when a high degree of destruction is desired. This paper reports a study made to characterize and use the residence time distribution of a tubular reactor in the interpretation of high-temperature, short exposure time data for inactivation of Bacillus stearothermophilus spores. Mathematical models accounting for the residence time distribution of the tubular reactor have been proposed and employed to obtain high-temperature death-rate data.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260060402
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Flexibility in cultivation equipment. I. A small-scale continuous culture apparatus for the study of complex processesThis work was supported by a grant from the Swedish Technical Research Council and performed at the Swedish Medical Research Council Unit for Bacteriological Bioengineering. (1964)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 6 (1964), S. 419-439 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A cultivation apparatus made up from six small (80-800 ml.) glass units with independent pH-, aeration-, and foam control is described. Exchangeable attachments made it possible to run the unit both batchwise and continuous and to connect up the units in various fashions.
    Additional Material: 14 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260060405
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A continuous culture apparatus for the microbial utilization of hydrogen produced by electrolysis of water in closed-cycle space systemsPresented at the 53rd National Meeting, American Institute of Chemical Engineers, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, May 18, 1964.A report on studies under Contract NASr-100(03) with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. (1964)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 6 (1964), S. 441-456 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Two sources of oxygen for man in closed-cycle space system environment have been considered in previous studies: (1) photosynthesis using algae, and (2) electrolysis of water. The latter system appears to be the most promising from the standpoints of energy and weight requirements and ability to operate in a zero gravity field. The surplus hydrogen produced by the electrolysis of water may be utilized together with waste carbon dioxide, part of the oxygen, and waste urea by bacteria of the genus Hydrogenomonas to produce cellular protein which might be used as a source of food. A continuous culture system for the propagation of hydrogen-fixing bacteria consists of a baffled borosilicate glass culture vessel provided with an impeller, a reservoir vessel for the culture medium, and an overflow vessel for collecting the bacterial cells removed from the culture vessel. Complete feedback control of all parameters affecting growth can be provided by hydrogen, oxygen, and carbon dioxide sensors, and a pH electrode in the culture medium. In addition, total pressure is monitored. Cell density is controlled in the optimum range by means of a photoelectric cell which dictates the amount of fresh medium to be added and the amount of cells to be removed. Operating data indicate that some of the key parameters are the ratio of hydrogen, oxygen, and carbon dioxide in solution. The harvested bacterial substance is high in protein, which contains all the essential amino acids.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260060406
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  • 11
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Editors note (1964)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 6 (1964), S. 3-4 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260060102
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  • 12
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Cell and tissue propagation (1964)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 6 (1964), S. 50-52 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260060115
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  • 13
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Nucleic acids (1964)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 6 (1964), S. 63-64 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260060119
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  • 14
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Solverts (1964)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 6 (1964), S. 71-72 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260060122
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  • 15
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Masthead (1964)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 6 (1964) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260060201
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  • 16
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A method of automatic pH control of a bicarbonate-CO2 buffer system for the submerged culture of hamster kidney cells (1964)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 6 (1964), S. 147-158 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The equipment and operational techniques are described which were found suitable to control pH in the range 6.8-7.8 pH, within ±0.03 pH units of the desired value, at cell concentrations up to a maximum of 2.5 × 106/ml. The results of batch growth of a suspension strain of the BHK cell (clone 13) under conditions of controlled pH are given and the significance of these results is discussed.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260060204
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  • 17
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Preparation of radioactive biochemicals by use of yeast (1964)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 6 (1964), S. 127-146 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Sugar molasses of high specific activity is prepared by photosynthesizing C14O2 into sugar in a leaf of the Canna plant and then extracting the sugar. When T. utilis is grown in such a medium about 45% of the radioactivity is incorporated into the yeast cell; the remaining radioactivity is carbon dioxide and volatile organic compounds. The cells are now randomly labeled in all carbon compounds. Distribution of C14 in the major cell components, such as protein, polysaccharide, and nucleic acids is shown.Nucleic acid is extracted from the cells and subject to chemical and enzyme action, for the preparation of randomly labeled ribonucleotides. Proteins are isolated and hydrolyzed to yield high specific activity amino acids, up to 150 mc. per millimole. Similarly polysaccharides are also isolated and from them high specific activity glucose and mannose are obtained by acid hydrolysis.By growing T. utilis in a medium containing C14-8-adenine and C14-2-uracil, these bases are about 90% incorporated into the nucleic acids of the cell. Using the same methods described for the uniformly labeled nucleic acid only base labeled nucleosides and nucleotides are prepared.Preparative procedures for the isolation of some of these compounds are discussed. The latest biochemical techniques for their purification are described. Methods for assaying for radiochemical purity and problems concerining stability of high specific activity compounds are discussed.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260060203
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  • 18
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Rapid estimation of 1-dehydro-17-α-methyltestosterone produced by microbiological oxidation of 17-α-methyltestosterone (1964)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 6 (1964), S. 159-165 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A method has been devised for the estimation in fermentation media, of 1-dehydro-17-α-methyltestosterone in the presence of 17-α-methyltestosterone. This method involves the extraction of the steroids with chloroform, and spectrophotometric measurement of the chromogen formed by a specific color reaction with sulfuric acid and 1-dehydro-17-α-methyltestosterone. The fermentation liquor and 17-α-methyltestosterone do not interfere. With this rapid (30 min.) method, quantitative tests on the progress of the steroid transformation can be made at frequent intervals during one fermentation run, these tests yielding the necessary information for an adequate control of the optimum conditions of production.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260060205
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  • 19
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of pretreatment on the extraction of proteins from plant sourcees (1964)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 6 (1964), S. 167-171 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Solubilization of proteins from cereals, legumes, and oil seed cakes by alkali peptization and isoelectric precipitation is adversely affected if the source material is pretreated by ethanol or cooked under pressure. The degree of hydrolysis by trypsin of protein isolates obtained from unautoclaved materials is, however, considerably raised by heat treatment prior to enzymatic digestion.
    Additional Material: 3 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260060206
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  • 20
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Problems of design and ecological considerations in mass culture of algae (1964)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 6 (1964), S. 173-190 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A 2000 l. 1 m. deep mass culture of algae was operated with continuous stirring, as an open system. The system behaved as an ecological unit selecting the most favored species. The ecological conditions could be modified by stirring speed and pattern in the tank. Methods for improving yields and utilization of CO2 are described. Assessment of algal species for suitability in mass cultures is discussed. Yields obtained were 13 g. dry matter/sq. m. illuminated area/day.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260060207
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  • 21
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Mathematical preparation of prospective graduate students (1964)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 6 (1964), S. 245-245 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260060214
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  • 22
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Some experiments on the disintegration of yeast by high intensity ultrasound (1964)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 6 (1964), S. 247-270 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The effects of ambient pressure and ultrasonic power on the disintegration of yeast suspension have been investigated. The results obtained are, in the main, consistent with the theory that cell breakage is primarily a phenomenon dependent on producing gaseous cavitation in the medium. The importance of the experimental results and techniques applied to Commercial cell disintegrators is briefly discussed. A simple flow system is described which is easily attached to probe-type disintegrators. The use of a crystal pickup for tuning and control purposes is described.
    Additional Material: 13 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260060302
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  • 23
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Aerobic hydrocarbon fermentation - a practical evaluation (1964)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 6 (1964), S. 241-242 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260060211
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  • 24
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Masthead (1964)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 6 (1964) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260060301
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  • 25
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Aeration-agitation studies on the rifamycin fermentation (1964)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 6 (1964), S. 271-283 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Aeration and agitation conditions in 250 l. baffled fermenters with different impeller diameters, speeds, and air flows were studied during fermentations for the production of rifamycin, a new antibiotic produced by Streptomyces mediterranei. Dissolved oxygen concentration was continuously measured and the courses of power input, oxygen diffusion rate QO2, dry weight, viscosity, pH, sugar utilization, and antibiotic titer determined. Higher antibiotic yields occurred when the oxygen demand of the culture was satisfied and an excess of dissolved oxygen was still present during a critical period of the fermentation between the 50th and the 80th hr. To meet this requirement a power input of about 3.0 w./l. and an air flow ranging from 0.8 to 1.5 l./l./min. were found to be necessary.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260060303
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  • 26
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Bacterial sulfide production from sulfate-enriched spent distillery liquor. III. (1964)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 6 (1964), S. 285-297 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Semicontinuous sulfide fermentation has been conducted with distillery spent liquor as the source of carbon employing a strain similar to Desulphovibrio rubentschikii. Mineral barites and gypsum have been used as the hydrogen acceptors during the studies. Results reveal that mineral barites can also react very favorably as hydrogen acceptors. Sulfates have been used both in powdered (200 mesh) and lumpy (1/4-1/2 in. size) forms. When applied in lumpy form in a packed tower, both the mineral sulfates produced higher yields of sulfide compared to their corresponding finely pulverized states. Thus, under similar conditions, fermentation conducted with pulverized gypsum showed a yield of 450-550 p.p.m. hydrogen sulfide, whereas the yield was as high as 750-1025 p.p.m. when gypsum lumps were used as a packing. Corresponding figures with barites are 300 and 540 p.p.m., respectively. Continuous sulfide fermentation has also been conducted in a packed tower containing lumpy gypsum as the packing under total recirculation. Daily buildup of sulfide was observed to be as high as 180 mg./l. of fermenting medium. Appreciable reduction in COD of the effluent was observed during the above studies. Thus, with barites, per cent COD reduction values were 30-35, 45-50, 60-65, and 75-80 with retention periods of 10, 15, 25, and 35 days, respectively. With gypsum, per cent COD reduction was 50-70 with 10 days's residence time. The effects of the retention period on sulfide yield and volatile acid content were also studied. The longer the retention period, the higher is the sulfide yield and the lower the volatile acid content of the discharge becomes. Studies were also conducted to find the correct composition of volatile acids in the discharge, as well as the levels of their concentration during continuous feeding and discharge over a number of days. It has been observed that during 18 hr. of fermentation in a batch, volatile acid concentration increased from 6.76 m. to 15.01 mmoles per liter of medium of which 10 mmoles are acetic, 0.833 mmoles butyric, and 4.16 mmoles propionic acid. Studies on soluble and insoluble sulfate balance have also been made in a synthetic medium containing calcium acetate as the substrate. Unaccounted for sulfates were negligible and a deviation between the actual and calculated sulfide yield did not exceed 2%. It is also observed that, when fermentations are conducted in sulfate packed columns, the color of the effluent becomes paleyellow containing very little suspended and volatile matter compared to the deep-black color of the emuent emerging from a ferrnenter fed with pulverized sulfates. This liquor contains 0.5271% soluble ash (computed as potash) and might be a good source of potash.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260060304
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  • 27
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Fermentation process equipment (1964)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 6 (1964), S. 10-11 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260060106
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  • 28
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    Statistics and process improvement (1964)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 6 (1964), S. 22-22 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260060110
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  • 29
    Electronic Resource
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    Antibiotics (1964)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 6 (1964), S. 36-49 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260060114
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  • 30
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    Miscellaneous products (1964)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 6 (1964), S. 59-62 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 1 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260060118
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  • 31
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    Steroids (1964)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 6 (1964), S. 73-81 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 1 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260060123
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  • 32
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    Sterile techniques (1964)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 6 (1964), S. 8-9 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260060105
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  • 33
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    Kinetics and continuous culture (1964)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 6 (1964), S. 18-21 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260060109
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  • 34
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    Waste disposal and treatment (1964)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 6 (1964), S. 26-28 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260060112
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  • 35
    Electronic Resource
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    Enzymes (1964)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 6 (1964), S. 53-56 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260060116
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  • 36
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    Organic acids (1964)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 6 (1964), S. 65-68 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260060120
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  • 37
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    Investigations of conditions for production of penicillin and chlortetracycline in submerged fermentation (1964)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 6 (1964), S. 329-345 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: During investigations of submerged fermentation of penicillin and chlortetracycline, we reached the conclusion that production in relation to oxygen transfer is relatively uninfluenced by the composition of the fermentation medium. The maximum penicillin production, using the strain Penicillium chrysogenum NG in flasks on a shaker was uniformly achieved in all investigated media with an oxygen transfer rate of 0.81; and in chlortetracycline, using strain Streptomyces aureofaciens BMK-11, with an oxygen transfer rate of 0.59 ml. O2/ml./hour. The primary factor which influences the antibiotics production is the transfer of oxygen into the liquid. The absolute volume of production is, however, partly influenced by mechanical conditions of fermentation and the composition of the medium.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260060308
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  • 38
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    Extracellular guanosine 5′-monophosphate and guanosine 5′-diphosphate in Bacillus subtilis Broths (1964)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 6 (1964), S. 361-365 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The ability of Bacillus subtilis to accumulate guanosine 5′-monophosphate (5′-GMP) extracellularly was demonstrated by isolation of 85% pure 5′-GMP from the broth. In addition, a compound with the properties of guanosine 5′ diphosphate was obtained from the same broth.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260060310
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  • 39
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    Microorganisms (1964)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 6 (1964), S. 5-5 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260060103
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  • 40
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    Instrumentation (1964)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 6 (1964), S. 12-13 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260060107
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  • 41
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    Vitamins (1964)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 6 (1964), S. 82-84 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260060124
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  • 42
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    Separation of cells from fluids (1964)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 6 (1964), S. 87-125 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260060202
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  • 43
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    Resistance to oxygen transfer in fermentation broths (1964)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 6 (1964), S. 243-243 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260060212
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  • 44
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    Product isolation and recovery (1964)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 6 (1964), S. 23-25 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260060111
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  • 45
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    Growth of a yeast of normal alkanesSupported in part by grant AI 02967-05 from the National Institutes of Health. (1964)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 6 (1964), S. 299-307 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A soil isolate, HD-5, identified as closely resembling Candida intermedia, was grown on normal alkanes ranging from dodecane (C12) to octadecane (C18). The growth rate of the organism increased with increasing length of the alkane chain. The shortest generation time was 4.5 hr. with octadecane as the carbon source. Cell yields of 82% were common with even numbered alkanes from C14 through C18. The cell yields appeared to decrease with shorter chain (C12 or below) and odd-numbered chain alkanes. The cellular nitrogen ranged from 6.9 to 7.5% and the highest lipid content found was 10.3% (with C17).
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260060305
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  • 46
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    Studies on the purification of vaccinia virusIn conducting the research reported herein, the investigators adhered to “Principles of Laboratory Animal Care,” as established by the National Society for Medical Research. (1964)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 6 (1964), S. 321-328 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Various methods for the removal of extraneous matter from vaccinia virus suspensions are described and compared. Of ten procedures tested, differential centrifugation and Freon extraction were the most successful. Both the partially purified suspensions and the dried products prepared from them had high virus titers in embryonated eggs and high infectivity for mice. Although both processes resulted in products with the same titers, the differentially centrifuged product was approximately tenfold more purified as shown by the percentage solids of the suspensions before freeze drying.
    Additional Material: 2 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260060307
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  • 47
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Masthead (1964)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 6 (1964) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260060401
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  • 48
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    Oxygen transfer mechanisms in the gluconic acid fermentation by Pseudomonas ovalis (1964)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 6 (1964), S. 347-360 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The oxygen uptake rate to suspended cells of Pseudomonas ovalis was measured in two ways using the same cell suspension. Initially the rate was found by measuring the rate of production of gluconic acid by cells suspended in a nitrogenfree, aerated medium. Then, an oxygen electrode was used to measure the rate of transfer of dissolved oxygen to cells suspended in a liquid that was being agitated but not sparged. These rates were markedly different. It was found that agitation affected the oxygen transfer rates in aerated solutions at dissolved oxygen concentrations well above the critical level, but had no affect on the oxygen uptake rates by cells suspended in an unsparged but agitated medium. The data suggested that an additional path existed for oxygen transfer. This alternate route, parallel to the conventional pathway of oxygen transfer, becomes operative when the liquid films surrounding the cells and bubbles merge. The resulting shorter path presents a mechanism for direct transfer of oxygen which increases in importance as the gas-liquid interfacial area increases.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260060309
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  • 49
    Electronic Resource
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    The “Bilthoven unit” for submerged cultivation of microorganisms (1964)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 6 (1964), S. 381-401 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A unit of four fermentors, which is specially designed for batch and continuous cultivation of pathogenic microorganisms in vaccine preparation, is described. Each unit consists of a panel with controls and recorders. The fermentor itself consists of a stainless steel lid, to which a spherical or cylindrical glass vessel is attached. Holding volumes are from 1 to 100 l. (3 and 7 l. being mostly used) and can be obtained by simply exchanging the vessels which have similar flanges.Interchangeability, not only of the glass vessels, but also of the stirrers, pipes, pH electrodes, etc., together with variable control of temperature, stirrer speed, air or gas flow, and pH value gives the unit a maximum of versatility.
    Additional Material: 12 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260060403
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  • 50
    Electronic Resource
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    Composting conversion of solid wastes for mushroom growing (1964)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 6 (1964), S. 403-418 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Methods for composting small quantities of organic materials have been developed in order to be able to better study the composting process. A composting bin was developed which holds 27 cu. ft. of compost and which provides uniform conditions of temperature, moisture, and aeration within the compost mass. A system for indoor composting of less than one cubic foot of material has been developed and is described. The methods have been shown to be reliable and reproducible. The composts were evaluated for their suitability for mushroom growing and were found to give high yields of mushrooms.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260060404
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  • 51
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    Design of a laboratory spray dryer for biological materials (1964)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 6 (1964), S. 473-490 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260060409
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  • 52
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    Masthead (1964)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 6 (1964) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260060101
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  • 53
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    Strain development and maintenance (1964)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 6 (1964), S. 6-7 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260060104
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  • 54
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    Agitation and mass transfer (1964)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 6 (1964), S. 14-17 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260060108
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  • 55
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    Amino acids (1964)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 6 (1964), S. 29-35 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260060113
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  • 56
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    Hydrocarbons (1964)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 6 (1964), S. 57-58 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260060117
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  • 57
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    Polymers and lipids (1964)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 6 (1964), S. 69-70 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260060121
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  • 58
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    An application of the discrete maximum principle to a stagewise biochemical reactor system (1964)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 6 (1964), S. 243-243 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260060213
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    Stereospecific Homopolymerization of CyclopenteneLecture given by Dall' Asta at the Gordon Research Conference on Polymers, Santa Barbara, Calif. (U.S.A.) in January, 1964, and to the Macromolecular Colloquium in Freiburg/Breisgau (Germany), in March, 1964. (1964)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Angewandte Chemie International Edition in English 3 (1964), S. 723-729 
    Details
    ISSN: 0570-0833
    Keywords: Stereospecific polymerization ; Polymerization ; Polycyclopentene ; Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The polymerization of cyclo-olefins, like that of olefins with an internal double bond, is sterically hindered. Within recent years it has become possible to prepare copolymers of these compounds with ethylene, with the aid of anionic coordination Ziegler catalysts. This copolymerization always results in cis-opening of the double bond. Despite the steric hindrance, cyclobutene and cyclopropene have also been homopolymerized, with opening of the double bond. - Rather surprisingly, the best catalysts for homopolymerization of cyclopentene are those which exhibit low activity in the polymerization of ethylene. Ring cleavage occurs with MoCl5/Al(C2H5)3 to give the cis-polypentenamer, whereas WCl6/Al(C2H5)3 gives the trans-polypentenamer. Both polypentenamers exhibit elastomeric properties. - Evidence from infrared spectra and oxidative degradation indicates that the monomer units in the trans-polypentenamer are linked head-to-tail. It is presumably the single bond adjacent to the double bond that is broken. Using X-ray methods at -50 °C, it was possible to determine the crystal structure of the crystalline trans-polypentenamer at about 400% elongation.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/anie.196407231
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    Masthead (1962)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 4 (1962) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260040101
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  • 61
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    Land disposal of pharmaceutical manufacturing wastes (1962)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 4 (1962), S. 153-160 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260040206
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  • 62
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    Complete biological treatment of antibiotic production wastes (1962)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 4 (1962), S. 161-170 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260040207
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  • 63
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    Flotation of Escherichia coli with sodium chloride Presented in part at the 130th National Meeting of the American Chemical Society, New York City, September 1960. This report is based on work supported by the U.S. Army Biological Laboratories, Fort Detrick, Maryland (1962)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 4 (1962), S. 211-222 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260040211
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  • 64
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    Aeration in tower-type fermentors: Effect of tower diameter and number of aeration disksContribution No. 6866, from the Division of Applied Biology, National Research Council, Ottawa, Canada (1962)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 4 (1962), S. 241-245 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The rate of oxygen absorption by aqueous sodium sulphite solutions in tower-type fermentors up to 6 in. in diameter was related both to tower diameter and to the number of sintered Pyrex disks used for dispersing air entering the towers. Maximal rates of absorption were obtained in towers 2.5 in. in diameter. Under comparable conditions, rates of oxygen transfer in towers containing one aeration disk were approximately 30% higher than those in similar towers containing two or more disks. In towers greater than 6 in. in diameter, the absorption rate was independent of vessel diameter and number of aeration disks when more than one disk was used. Bubble coalescence was the main cause of the difference in the rate of oxygen absorption.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260040214
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  • 65
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    “Sleeve” stirrer for submerged cultures (1962)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 4 (1962), S. 299-301 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: An aseptic agitation system for submerged culture has been devised. It consists of a stirring rod which is isolated from the interior of the culture vessel by a sleeve of flexible plastic tubing.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260040305
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  • 66
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    Pharmaceutical waste treatment by the trickling filter, activated sludge, and compost processes (1962)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 4 (1962), S. 197-209 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260040210
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  • 67
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    Some effects of turbine size on novobiocin fermentations (1962)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 4 (1962), S. 231-240 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Studies were made of oxygen transfer and power in 20-1. novobiocin fermentations with five sizes (23-60% of the tank diameter) of geometrically similar flatblade turbine impellers. The influence of changes in apparent viscosity on oxygen transfer and power was found to be related to impeller diameter. At constant agitator speed the oxygen availability rate (OAR) decreased with increase in apparent viscosity, but the magnitude of the reduction was less with a small impeller than with a large one. At constant power input the small-diameter impeller (23% of tank diameter) gave an OAR about 8 times that of the large one (60% of tank diameter) when tested in viscous beer, whereas with sulfite or yeast all impeller diameters gave the same OAR. Impeller tip velocity correlated with OAR independently of diameter for the five turbine sizes examined. The power required for optimal novobiocin yields increased with increase in turbine diameter, but the yields were independent of diameter at equal OAR.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260040213
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  • 68
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    Masthead (1962)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 4 (1962) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260040301
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  • 69
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    The use of paper electrophoresis in studying the metabolism of pseudomonas species. I. ApparatusThis investigation represents a portion of a dissertation submitted by one of the authors (W. F. D.) in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Ph.D. degree at the University of Kentucky (1962)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 4 (1962), S. 255-270 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The sandwich paper electrophoresis technique, such as that of Foster (1952b), was modified to permit routine examination of as many as 15 samples of materials such as bacterial cultures, simultaneously, and with greater rapidity than with paper chromatography techniques. By the use of borate buffer at pH 9.6 with aniline hydrogen oxalate for development, materials such as glucose, fructose, 2-ketogluconic acid, and 5-ketogluconic acid could be separated in three hours.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260040302
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  • 70
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    Production of eburicoic acid by submerged cultures of Polyporus sulfureus (1962)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 4 (1962), S. 303-309 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A process has been developed whereby eburicoic acid, a triterpenoid acid, can be produced by growing Polyporus sulfureus in submerged form in either shake flasks or tank fermentors equipped with aeration and agitation systems.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260040306
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  • 71
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    Continuous chemical sterilization of microbiological media with β-propiolactone (1962)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 4 (1962), S. 331-340 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A laboratory bench set-up for the continuous chemical sterilization of microbiological media using β-propiolactone was developed. The apparatus permits the sterilization of up to 4 liters/hr. of liquid media. The parameters of hydrolyzing time and temperature necessary to reduce the β-propiolactone to nontoxic levels were determined using a E. coli-nutrient broth system. The sterilization technique was applied successfully to a variety of media, and its potential usefulness on an industrial scale is discussed.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260040309
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  • 72
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    Flotation of Escherichia coli with some inorganic saltsPresented in part at the 130th National Meeting of the American Chemical Society, New York City, September 1960. This report is based on work supported by the U. S. Army Biological Laboratories, Fort Detrick, Maryland (1962)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 4 (1962), S. 223-230 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260040212
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  • 73
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    A modified adsorption method for determining percentage of dead yeast cells (1962)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 4 (1962), S. 247-254 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The adsorption of methylene blue from different aqueous solutions by dead yeast cells follows Freundlich's law when the percentage of dead cells varies from 0 to 100. When the Fink and Kühles methylene blue was used, there was observed a linear relation between the percentage of dead cells and the dye concentration at the equilibrium. The experimental errors were measured. A simpler and more precise colorimetric method for determining the percentage of dead yeast cells is deseribed.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260040215
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  • 74
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    Fermentation of long-chain compounds by Torulopsis magnoliae. II. Factors influencing production of hydroxy fatty acid glycosidesPresented in part at the 140th Meeting of the American Chemical Society, Chicago, Illinois, September 3-8, 1961. Issued as N.R.C. No. 6929 (1962)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 4 (1962), S. 271-279 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A strain of Torulopsis magnoliae, an osmophilic yeast isolated from flowers, produced an extracellular hydroxy fatty acid glycoside of sophorose which was easily recoverable as a heavier-than-water “oil”. The yield of this product was greatly increased and the nature of the hydroxy fatty acid portion of the molecule was modified, within limits, by the addition of fatty acid esters, hydrocarbons, or glycerides. Yields of hydroxy fatty acids of up to 90% of the substrate added were achieved. Commercially available substrates such as tall oil fatty acids, molasses, and corn steep liquor could be used. Good aeration was necessary, and control of the concentration of nitrogenous substrates and of temperature improved the yields.
    Additional Material: 7 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260040303
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  • 75
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    Volume increase of kernels of corn and sorghum accompanying absorption of liquid water (1962)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 4 (1962), S. 311-322 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The linearity between weight and volume increases, which takes place when kernels of corn and sorghum are immersed in water, was established experimentally. The rate of volume increase was correlated according to an equation analogous to the diffusion equation. The coefficients of volume increase obeyed the Arrehenius equation. The results would be of practical value in designing steeping vessels, as well as of theoretical interest in elucidating the mechanism of water diffusion in cereal grains.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260040307
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  • 76
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    Masthead (1962)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 4 (1962) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260040401
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  • 77
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    Mean light intensity - a useful concept in correlating growth rates of dense cultures of microalgae (1962)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 4 (1962), S. 377-390 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: An analysis of the distribution of light within some culture vessels developed at General Dynamics/Electric Boat is presented. The concept of a mean effective light intensity, Ē, is introduced and procedures are developed for computing Ē for any culture vessel geometry and incident light intensity distribution. A correlation is performed indicating the significance of Ēin assessing the growth rate of dense, continuous cultures of microalagae.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260040404
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  • 78
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    Mass cultivation of algae in pure heavy waterBased on work performed under the auspices of the U. S. Atomic Energy Commission (1962)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 4 (1962), S. 281-297 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Strains of the green algae Scenedesmus obliquus, Chlorella vulgaris, and C. pyrenoidosa 7-11-05, and of the blue-green algae Fremyella diplosiphon, Plectonema calothricoides, Phormidium luridum, and Synechococcus lividus have been mass cultured autotrophically in essentially pure D2O. Closed Lucite rocking-box units containing 5 liters of culture media can produce 1 to 2 g. (dry weight) per day of fully deuteriated algae or of fully deuteriated, fully 15N-substituted algae. Racks for six such culture units are readily constructed from commerically available parts. Operation has been routine and essentially trouble-free. The algae produced have proved to be an excellent source of completely isotopically substituted metabolites.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260040304
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  • 79
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    Plastic ampoules for liquid smallpox vaccine (1962)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 4 (1962), S. 323-330 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Manufacturing of plastic (PVC) single-dose ampoules for liquid smallpox vaccine is described. The green stained vaccine is injected in polyvinyl chloride tubes which are then sealed by high frequency welding to make ampoules of 16 mm. length. The tendency for desiccation of the filled vaccine at elevated temperature is considered as an advantage, since it provides a visible indication of previous improper storage. The ampoule is opened by cutting with scissors and vaccine is squeezed out directly on the skin.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260040308
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  • 80
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    Influence of the ionic concentration of nebulized suspensions on stability of microbial aerosols (1962)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 4 (1962), S. 341-344 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: This paper shows that the ionic concentration of a cell suspension submitted to nebulization has a marked influence on the stability of the produced aerosol.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260040310
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  • 81
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    Some effects of microbial growths on surfactant properties of fuelsPresented at the “Symposium on Microbial Transformations of Hydrocarbons,” 142nd National Meeting of American Chemical Society, Atlantic City, New Jersey, September 1962. (1962)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 4 (1962), S. 357-367 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Fungi and bacteria taken from fuel systems were allowed to grow in jet fuel (or hydrocarbon)-salt solution mixtures and the layers were analyzed for surfactant properties. The fuels included both JP-4 and JP-5 types and an alkylate bottom fraction. Controlled surface activity was imparted to some samples by adding minute quantities of either petroleum sulfonates or petroleum naphthenates. Analyses after growth periods of 2 to 14 weeks failed to show any significant increases in the surface active properties of any fuel or hydrocarbon sample. In all cases, there was either little change or else the surfactant effect was reduced slightly. Opposed to these findings, examination of the aqueous bottoms revealed that microbial growths did effect increases in their surface active properties.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260040402
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  • 82
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    A new technique for counting colonies developed on membrane filters (1962)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 4 (1962), S. 411-412 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 1 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260040407
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  • 83
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    Carbon balance in high rate dissimilation of acetic acid in semicontinuous methane fermentation (1962)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 4 (1962), S. 105-125 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The nature of anaerobic methane fermentation has been studied extensively over a period of about three years by means of 10-l. semicontinuous fermenters, with ethyl alcohol and calcium acetate as carbon and energy sources. The inoculum for the two systems was isolated by enrichment techniques from primary sewage sludge and used to initiate the processes. No subsequent seeding was necessary. The fermentation was started with a substrate carbon concentration of 50 mmole/l. which was gradually increased to 400 mmole/l.; this means that an increase of substrate level from 3000 ppm to 24,000 ppm of acetate and from 2300 to 18400 ppm of alcohol medium were effected during the study. Such high acetate tolerance of the methane organism does not appear to have been reported before; it was the results of adaptation by the organisms in a semicontinuous culture for a period of 30 months. Effect of supplementary available nitrogen on the rate of gas production at different carbon levels (acetate) was also studied. It was found from the gas analyses that CH4: CO2 ratios were always more than 2 to 3 times the theoretical values, when acetate was used as substrate carbon. At some stages of acetate breakdown the concentration of hydrogen in the gaseous products was found to be as high as 8-9%, a very significant feature of this fermentation. Although sulphate ions were carefully excluded from the constitutents of the media (Analytical reagent chemicals and double-distilled water used throughout) during the period of study (30 months), contaminants later identified as Desulphovibrio desulphuricans were found throughout the study. Morphological study of the organisms reveal that they are short rods appearing in individual or chain form, highly motile, gram-positive and nonflagellated, similar to Methanobacterium söhngenii Barker.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260040113
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    Editorial (1962)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 4 (1962), S. 1-3 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260040102
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  • 85
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    Submerged citric acid fermentation of ferrocyanide-treated cane molassesContribution from the Division of Applied Biology, National Research Council, Ottawa 2, Canada. Issued as N.R.C. No. 6722 (1962)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 4 (1962), S. 17-21 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Ferrocyanide-treated cane molasses was fermented in 2.5-l. Pyrex tower fermenters using pellets of Aspergillus niger, grown in beet molasses, as an inoculum. The success of the process depended on accurate control of the ferrocyanide concentration in the fermentation mash. Highest yields (up to 80% conversion of available sugar in 8 days) were obtained when the ferrocyanide concentration was 20 p.p.m. at the start of fermentation and then increased to 80-150 p.p.m. at the 24-hr. period. Addition of phosphate, nitrate, or methanol to fermentation mash did not increase rate of acid production or final yield.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260040104
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  • 86
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    Design and operation of a pilot-plant fermentor for the continuous propagation of filamentous microorganisms (1962)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 4 (1962), S. 5-16 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A multi-stage pilot fermentor was designed which consists of nine stainless steel cylindrical compartments 2 ft. in length and 8 in. in diameter, joined end to end, giving a tube with a total length of 18 ft. The whole apparatus was mounted with its axis in a horizontal plane. Each compartment was sealed off from its neighboring compartment by a separatory plate having a 1-in. overflow hole in the upper half. Shafts 9½ feet long extended from each end of the fermentor through the compartments to the center. Agitation was provided by a multitude of stainless steel blades mounted at right angles to the shafts and spaced at regular intervals along the shafts. Stationary, stainless steel comb-shaped baffle plates were installed vertically at the bottom of each compartment to increase mixing efficiency. Constant leaving and re-entering of the fermentation liquor by the blades upon rotation imparts a shattering of the liquid surface thus preventing the accumulation of mycelial aggregates on the walls above the fermentation liquor. The mechanical performance of the described fermentor has proved excellent and several trial fermentations (antibiotic formation and steroid bioconversion) are described.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260040103
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  • 87
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    Electronic Resource
    1-dehydrogenation of steroids by Septomyxa affinis (1962)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 4 (1962), S. 57-63 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: 1-Dehydrogenation of steroids by Septomyxa affinis is brought about by an inducible enzyme. Only soluble substrate steroid is attacked. Individual steroids are dehydrogenated at different relative rates. The pH-activity curve is shallow.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260040108
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  • 88
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Use of ethylene glycol in counter flow electrophoresis and in cold concentration of DNA and protein solutions (1962)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 4 (1962), S. 53-56 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Counter flow electrophoresis was adapted for temperatures down to -5°C. by the use of ethylene glycol. A method is described for evaporation of water solutions containing ethylene glycol at temperatures between -5 and -10°iC. without ice formation. These measures were found not to affect the transforming activity (two markers) of Bacillus subtilis DNA.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260040107
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  • 89
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    An apparatus for aeration of tissue cells in suspended culture with controlled gas mixtures (1962)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 4 (1962), S. 79-86 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: An apparatus is described for the aeration of a series of tissue cultures at rates which may be varied independently for each vessel. The composition of the aerating gas can be adjusted to any desired percentages of CO2 and O2. While designed particularly for study of the aeration requirements of submerged tissue growth, the equipment is equally adaptable for study of submerged growth of bacterial and other systems. The apparatus has been designed for future scale-up and is adaptable to both the overlay and bubble-through types of aeration. Flow rates necessary for producing mixtures of 5.0% CO2 and 95.0% air or 5.6% CO2, 14.0% O2, and 80.4% nitrogen are given. The described system has been operated satisfactorily and has proved to be an inexpensive and useful research tool.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260040110
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  • 90
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Improved shaken flask performance (1962)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 4 (1962), S. 99-103 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Aeration in shaken flasks appears to take place primarily by absorption of oxygen in the thin film of fluid deposited on the flask walls. Marked improvement in aeration efficiency can be had by breaking up these films with an independent baffling surface. This improvement can be combined with an improved closure to give uniform and efficient shaken flask aeration.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260040112
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  • 91
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Application of waste-to-product ratios in the fermentation industries (1962)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 4 (1962), S. 129-138 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260040203
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  • 92
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    Electronic Resource
    Laboratory testing of pharmaceutical wastes for biological control (1962)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 4 (1962), S. 139-145 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260040204
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  • 93
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    Electronic Resource
    Pharmaceutical waste disposal by soil injection (1962)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 4 (1962), S. 147-151 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260040205
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  • 94
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    Electronic Resource
    Biological treatment of pharmaceutical wastes (1962)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 4 (1962), S. 171-180 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260040208
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  • 95
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    Electronic Resource
    Complete mixing activated sludge treatment of antibiotic wastes (1962)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 4 (1962), S. 181-195 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260040209
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  • 96
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    Electronic Resource
    Microbial degradation of asphaltPresented at the 142nd National Meeting of the American Chemical Society, Atlantic City, New Jersey, September, 1962. (1962)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 4 (1962), S. 369-376 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: It would appear from these data that indeed asphalt degradation by bacteria does occur and can be rather rapid under laboratory conditions. The types of bacteria capable of degrading asphalt are diverse. The effects of temperature, pH, and oxygen tension on asphalt degradation are important but not always critical. The optimum conditions vary for different organisms. There are differences in the mechanisms of asphalt assimilation and degradation. There is a specificity of action by different bacteria which most likely involves the chemical components of the asphalts and the enzymatic action of the microorganism.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260040403
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  • 97
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Fractionation of cell constituents of Bacillus megaterium in a polymer two-phase system (1962)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 4 (1962), S. 403-410 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The distribution of various cell constituents of Bacillus megaterium has been studied in an aqueous two-phase system containing the two polymers dextran and polythylene glycol. The difference in behaviour between cell walls, lipid granules and soluble cell material are such that a considerable fractionation of a suspension of disrupted cells may be obtained after a few counter-current distributions. A mixture of whole cells and protoplasts can also be fractionated in this phase system. If sodium chloride is added to the phase system, vegetative cells and spores can be separated from each other.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260040406
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  • 98
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    Electronic Resource
    Microbial production of amino acids. I. The synthesis of lysine and threonine by ustilago species (1962)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 4 (1962), S. 23-36 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The ability of a number of Ustilago species, especially Ustilago maydis (DC.) Cda., to produce lysine and threonine was investigated. The organisms were grown in shake flasks or in 10-l. fermentors. Lysine and threonine were found to be excreted into the medium both in the free and bound form. The bound amino acids could be released by acid hydrolysis or by enzymes from autolyzed cells. The optimal conditions for the release by autolysis were, in the case of Ustilago maydis (DC.) Cda., pH 4.3 and 45°C. An enzyme that could liberate lysine from the bound form(s) occurring in the broth was extracted from cells of Ustilago maydis (DC.) Cda. It exhibited an apparent pH optimum near 4.0. The effect of pH and temperature during the growth phase on the yield of lysine and threonine was studied in 10-l. fermentations.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260040105
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  • 99
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Microbial production of amino acids. II. The influence of carbon and nitrogen sources and metal ions on growth of Ustilago maydis (DC.) Cda. and on lysine and threonine production (1962)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 4 (1962), S. 37-52 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The ability of Ustilago maydis (DC.) Cda. to grow and to produce lysine and threonine was investigated in shake flask cultures. Growth and production of lysine and threonine increased markedly when aeration was increased. The optimal ratio of glucose to diammonium phosphate in the medium seemed to be approximately 10:1. Ammonium phosphate, ammonium sulfate, ammonium chloride, ammonium nitrate, sodium nitrate, urea, aspartic acid, glutamic acid, and glycine were readily used as nitrogen sources. Growth and amino acid production was poor on ammonium carbonate, ammonium acetate, ammonium citrate, trimethylamine, and betaine.U. maydis (DC.) Cda. was found to grow on a number of different carbohydrates. Besides D-glucose the organism could utilize D-mannose, D-galactose, D-fructose, L-arabinose, D-xylose, D-ribose, sucrose, maltose, and the polyalcoholes D-sorbitol, D-mannitol, and i-inositol. Pectin, dextrin, and corn starch treated with α-amylase could also be used but not untreated corn starch or lactose, cellobiose, D-sedoheptulose, glycerol, or D-glucosamine. The formation of lysine and threonine was better with disaccharides and hexoses than with pentoses.No specific effects on the formation of lysine and threonine could be observed from changes in the concentration of calcium, sodium, potassium, magnesium, zinc, iron, copper, manganese, cobalt, or molybdenum. The requirement of metal ions for growth is discussed.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260040106
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  • 100
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Kinetics of 1-dehydrogenation of steroids by Septomyxa affinis (1962)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 4 (1962), S. 65-78 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Mathematical models for the kinetics of 1-dehydrogenation of steroids by Septomyxa affinis are considered. A model providing for product inhibition fits experimental data best. Product inhibition was also demonstrated directly.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260040109
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