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  • 1965-1969  (439)
  • 1966  (439)
  • Life and Medical Sciences  (439)
  • 101
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    Electronic Resource
    A method of removing the brain (1966)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 156 (1966), S. 229-233 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The common method of demonstrating cranial nerves and cerebral arteries to students during removal of the entire brain in the gross anatomical laboratory is unsatisfactory in that only the actual dissector is able to view clearly the structures at the base of the brain. Therefore, a method of hemispherectomy is described; it has the advantage that dural folds, cranial nerves, and cerebral vessels, are preserved in situ until the student has reviewed the anatomy of the cranial fossae and studied important relationships. It is, however, necessary to sacrifice the hemisphere first by taking horizontal slices down to the corpus callosum and then by removing the remainder piecemeal. The method, therefore, cannot be recommended as routine unless neuroanatomical material is available.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091560210
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  • 102
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Fine structure of fiber types in normal human muscle (1966)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 156 (1966), S. 283-301 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The fine structure of fiber types in the human vastus lateralis muscle is described. In contrast to the types in other mammals, the two types (red and white) in this muscle seem to differ only in the number and size of mitochondria and not in the amount of sarcoplasmic reticulum or in the structure of myofibrils. The continuity of fiber plasma membrane with the T tubules in the fiber is described. Occasional degenerate foci, which have been found in the normal muscle, are also described.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091560305
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  • 103
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    Weight changes of the submandibular glands in the rat resulting from denervationSupported by National Institutes of Health grant 5 T1 GM 1084 03. (1966)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 156 (1966), S. 325-332 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: In the lingual nerve of the rat, the number of myelinated fibers ranged from 3,215 to 3,744, with diameters ranging from 0.7 to 9.7 μ. The nerves were unimodal with a peak at 2-3 or 3-4 μ. In the chorda tympani, the number of myelinated fibers ranged from 444 to 538, with diameters ranging from 1.1 to 8.7 μ. The nerves were unimodal with a peak at 1-3 μ.Sixteen days after section of the lingual, chordalingual (the lingual nerve distal to the union with chorda tympani) and chorda tympani nerves as well as intracranial section of the facial nerve, significant weight losses were recorded for the submandibular and retrolingual glands. The greatest weight losses occurred after intracranial section of the facial nerve or section of the chordalingual nerve (retrolingual glands lost 42 and 39%, submandibular glands lost 20 and 28% respectively). Intracranial section of the facial nerve demonstrates that the degree of weight loss is correlated with the number of myelinated fibers (1-3 μ diameter) which degenerate, and that the weight loss is not the result of operative damage to the vascular supply of the glands.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091560307
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  • 104
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    A radioautographic study of the proliferative activity of adrenocortical and hypophyseal cells of the rat at different periods of the estrous cycleSupported by a research grant 04921 from National Institute of Arthritis and Metabolic Diseases, U.S.P.H.S. (1966)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 156 (1966), S. 361-367 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The hypophysis and adrenal glands of Long-Evans female rats about two months old were examined after receiving thymidine-H3 at different phases of the estrous cycle. Radioautographs showed labeled cells preparing for or in division. In the hypophysis, where labeled cells were uniformly distributed in the anterior lobe, greatest activity was at estrus about 12 to 24 hours after ovulation. An average of about 300 labeled cells per mm2 occurred but some individuals had over 700 per mm2. At other periods of the cycle the average was less than 40 labeled cells per mm2.The greatest proliferative activity in the adrenal cortex was found the first day of diestrus when an average of 92 labeled cells per section occurred compared with fewer than 50 per section at other stages. About 80% of the activity in early diestrus occurred in the outer zona fasciculata where it was four and eight times that at proestrus and estrus respectively. In the glomerulosa the number of labeled cells remained about the same on different days of the cycle and in the reticularis the average number was somewhat greater during diestrus when there were 3.4 labeled cells per section.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091560310
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  • 105
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    Cytoplasmic microtubules in mammalian erythropoietic cellsThis investigation was supported by research grant AM-08353 from the National Institute of Arthritis and Metabolic Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Public Health Service. The author is a recipient of a Developmental Career Award (1-K3-HE-17,572) from the National Heart Institute. (1966)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 156 (1966), S. 397-413 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Electron microscopic examination of rabbit erythroblasts revealed the presence of microtubules, 210-270 Å in diameter, composing a marginal band in the cell periphery. This band was composed of 6-8 microtubules arranged more or less parallel to one another. Transverse sections indicated that 16-18 tubules may comprise the band. The latter appeared to be poorly formed or absent in reticulocytes and erythrocytes. Microtubules were also found in the deeper regions of the cytoplasm as well as composing th emitotic spindle of dividing erythroblasts. With the exception of the procentriole and the asters and chromosomes of dividing cells, microtubules were not continuous with other organelles. The function of the marginal band is interpreted as imparting elasticity and resiliency to the cell, a cytoskeleton responsible for maintenance of cell form. “Coated” micropinocytotic vesicles in erythroblasts, hepatocytes, and reticulo-endothelial cells are also described. Most of the “coated” vesicles in erythropoietic cells did not contain ferritin. It is suggested that, in the “coated” vesicles, ferritin may be in a highly dilute form or, alternatively, that its relative absence may indicate that iron is obtained predominantly through the plasma transferrin system rather than through incorporation of iron in the form of ferritin.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091560404
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  • 106
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    The eruption pattern of deciduous teeth in miniature swineSupported in part by N.I.D.R. grant DE 01514-03. (1966)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 154 (1966), S. 81-86 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Since “miniature swine” are being used extensively as a research animal and since the literature concerning tooth eruption is not very precise, it has seemed advisable to observe and record tooth eruption in the “miniature swine” being used and to make comparisons with existing literature of domestic swine.A total of 55 pigs of the Pitman-Moore strain were observed weekly from birth until their dentition was complete at about 26 weeks. Lateral x-ray head plates and study models of both arches were made weekly for two members of the group. The study models and x-rays served for orientation and positive identification of teeth; and with the weekly observations constitute the data.Analysis of the data indicated there was no significant difference in the eruption time for any tooth due to the sex of the individual. A mean sequence of eruption for each arch was established for the group based on coefficients of concordance. There was no significant difference in sequence of eruption due to sex or litter.The eruption time and sequence noted for Pitman-Moore swine differed slightly from that recorded for domestic swine. The differences observed were slight and could be explained by the probably infrequent observations of domestic swine or small sample size.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091540107
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  • 107
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    Microradiography of the rabbit's hepatic microcirculation. The similarity of the hepatic portal and pulmonary arterial circulationsSupported by grant HE 06780-04 CV and HE 08932-01 U. S. Public Health Service, The National Institutes of Health. (1966)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 154 (1966), S. 103-119 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Examination of microradiographs of liver indicate that the hepatic arteries supply the richly anastomosing arterial plexus around the biliary ducts. This arterial plexus supplies the portal veins directly and the peripheral hepatic sinusoids. Arterial “boosters” penetrating deep within the lobule were not seen. Hepatic veins receive sinusoids at irregular angles and frequent intervals, whereas portal veins distribute flow through short right angle inlet venules spaced at greater intervals. Pulmonary arteries also distribute flow to capillaries through short right angle precapillaries and pulmonary veins receive capillary drainage at irregular angles and frequent intervals. The location of capillary beds of both liver and lung only 10 to 30 μ from inflow channels appears “ideally” suited for circulations of low vascular resistance. The analogy of liver and lung relates biliary system to airway, hepatic artery to bronchial artery, portal vein to pulmonary artery, hepatic vein to pulmonary vein and ductus venosus to ductus arteriosus. In particular, should the pulmonary artery be considered a “pulmonary portal vein”.
    Additional Material: 1 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091540110
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  • 108
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    Masthead (1966)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 154 (1966) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091540201
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  • 109
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    The attenuation of elastic tissue in the aorta of the baboon, Papio dogueraThis study was supported by grant HE 03834 from the National Institute of Health. (1966)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 154 (1966), S. 213-219 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: A histological study was made of the quantitative distribution of elastic elements in the aorta of the baboon, Papio doguera. Materials were obtained in East Africa from freshly sacrificed animals as well as from domestic stock, and represented all age groups from a fetus near term to 28 years. Verhoeff's elastic tissue stained sections were prepared from 4 zones from the arch to the bifurcation.All specimens showed an attenuation of the thickness of the aortic wall as well as a decrease in the number of layers of elastic membranes from the arch to the bifurcation. The attenuation was less prominent in the older and heavier animals. The reduction in the number of elastic membranes at the lower end indicates a reduced requirement for the storage of ventricular energy by the elastic constituents for blood propulsion. Gravitational forces may be instrumental in maintaining blood flow to the lower extremities without additional expenditure of energy of ventricular origin.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091540204
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  • 110
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    Comparative anatomical and neurohistological observations on the tongue of Japanese pika (Ochotona hyperborea yezoensis, kishida)A part of this work was read at the 28th Anatomical Meeting of Kanto-district, Tokyo, March, 1964. (1966)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 154 (1966), S. 1-12 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The tongue of the Japanese pika was investigated using the silver impregnation method. On the dorsum, three vallate papillae, arranged in a row transversely, and foliate papillae with 12-13 clefts were observed. The papillae are both covered with an upper thickened epithelium. The abundant nerve fibers are widely distributed in the subpapillary layer of the lamina propria to form the subpapillary nerve plexus, which is composed of non-myelinated and thick myelinated fibers, and ganglion cells. The taste buds, of an embryonic type with an indefinite border, are located as a mass in both walls of the papillae symmetrically, closely associated with a small number of the fine fibers from the subpapillary plexus. They are large in size and penetrate into the subgemmal connective tissue. Their aspect suggests a peculiar receptive apparatus surrounding the orifice of the serous gland-ducts. In the papilla regions the serous glands are plentiful deep in the muscles and their ducts open into the bottom of the trench and furrow. The dorsum is densely packed only with the filiform papillae which are covered with highly cornified, thickened stratified squamous epithelium and poor in nerve supply, but the smooth inferior surface is well supplied with sensory nerves ending free and is furnished with many taste buds. No apical glands are present. The tongue contains many ganglion cells alongside the nerve fiber bundles running toward the apex.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091540102
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  • 111
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    The anatomy of the cervicothoracic arterial system in the bottlenose dolphin (Tursiops truncatus) with a surgical approach suitable for guided angiographyThis research was supported by grant NB 03097, National Institute of Neurological Disease and Blindness, National Institutes of Health, and N.S.F. grant GB 4407 to Communication Research Institute. (1966)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 155 (1966), S. 325-337 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Anatomical dissections on the cervicothoracic arterial system of the bottlenose dolphin (Tursiops truncatus) have been carried out as a necessary stage preceding certain physiological investigations in this animal. It is essential to have access to large blood vessels in these investigations, and the lack of superficial blood vessels suitable for catheterization in this species has required that a surgical approach to deeper vessels be developed. We have described a surgical technique for exposure of the A. carotis externa and V. jugularis externa and have used this method to introduce angio-catheters into both of these vessels. By these means we have been able to carry out hemodynamic, blood chemistry, and angiographic studies with successful recovery of the animals. These investigations, anatomical dissections on normal animals, and studies of vinylite vascular casts have delineated many specialized features of the cervicothoracic vascular systems in the dolphin.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091550306
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  • 112
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    Masthead (1966)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 154 (1966) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091540301
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  • 113
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    The fine structure of marginal band microtubulesThis study was supported in part by USPHS grants CA-06018, STI-GM-707, and GM-06637.A preliminary account of this work was presented at the 4th Annual Meeting of the American Society for Cell Biology (Maser and Philpott, '64b). (1966)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 154 (1966), S. 553-571 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Fixation of Fundulus erythrocytes by silver acetate-osmium tetroxide solutions preserves marginal band microtubules while extracting the obscuring hemoglobin background. High magnification electron micrographs of thin sections show the microtubules to be composed of globular subunits. Cross-sectional profiles of the microtubules contain six or seven subunits. The discussion includes comments as to the general stability of microtubular structures, and to the similarities between microtubules and tobacco mosaic virus protein.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091540306
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  • 114
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    Response of murine cutaneous nerves to skin painting with methylcholanthreneSupported by grants from the Medical Research Council of Ireland and from the Jane Coffin Childs Memorial Fund for Medical Research. (1966)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 154 (1966), S. 617-633 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: A saturated solution of 20-methylcholanthrene in benzene was applied to the ear and trunk of 59 BALB mice. The effects upon cutaneous innervation were compared with that of 50% turpentine in acetone (13 mice) and of skin abrasion with sandpaper (11 mice). Silver impregnation techniques showed that the carcinogentreated epidermis was invaded by nerve fibers whose number was related to the degree of epidermal hyperplasia, but not to the period of treatment or to the animals' age at the time of first painting. Hair follicles showed changes in the size, number and length of nerve endings. Growth of cutaneous nerves was already evident on the fourth day of exposure to methylcholanthrene. Turpentine elicited only a slight neural reaction after 60 days; and the sandpaper treatment was without effect.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091540309
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  • 115
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    Collection of mouse semen by electroejaculationSupported in part by grant HD-00543 from the National Institutes of Health, Public Health Service. Technical assistance by Robert M. Callahan. (1966)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 155 (1966), S. 11-14 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Liquid and coagulated ejaculates were collected separately from mice by electroejaculation. Sperm concentrations in the liquid ejaculates from 51 animals ranged between 25,000 and 2,228,000/mm3 and total number of spermatozoa per ejaculate between 60,000 and 5,464,000. This method is suggested as a practical means of obtaining ejaculated spermatozoa free of coagulum for reproduction research.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091550103
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  • 116
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    Glycogen content of preimplantation mouse embryos (1966)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 155 (1966), S. 97-102 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Preimplantation mouse embryos of various stages of development, from single-cell zygotes to late blastocysts, were fixed on microscope slides and were stained using the periodic acid-Schiff method. Half of the slides were treated with diastase before staining to determine whether the positive material was glycogen.Glycogen was found in all of the stages studied, regardless of whether development had occurred in vivo or in vitro. Single-cell zygotes were not as heavily stained as the two-cell embryos, but this could be due to the decrease in volume which occurs between these two stages. Large amounts of positive material were found in the cleavage stages, from two-cell to morula, but a decrease occurred during the growth of the blastocyst. By the late blastocyst stage, glycogen is no longer found in the trophoblast cells and is present only in small amounts in the inner cell mass.The decrease in PAS-positive diastase-removable material during the blastocyst stages suggests that glycogen may serve as an energy source during the fifth day of development, when the blastocyst is undergoing expansion and hatching. Culture experiments and enzyme analyses have provided evidence that the cleaving embryo undergoes some basic changes in the pattern of energy metabolism, and it is possible that additional changes might occur in the blastocyst stage.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091550111
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  • 117
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    Book received (1966)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 155 (1966), S. 141-143 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091550117
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  • 118
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    Light and electron microscopic studies of pigment in human and rhesus monkey substantia nigra and locus coeruleusPresented in part at the General Session of the 78th annual meeting of the American Association of Anatomists, Miami Beach, Florida, April 20, 1965.Supported by United States Public Health Service grants 5-T1-GM-290-03, 5-K3-GM-15,448-05, AI-04039-05. (1966)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 155 (1966), S. 167-183 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Neuromelanin pigment of the substantia nigra and locus coeruleus from nine human autopsy cases and from four rhesus monkeys was studied. Melanin and lipofuscin pigments from other anatomical sites were also observed for the purpose of comparison with the substantia nigra-locus coeruleus pigment. Ultrastructurally, the neuromelanin pigment granule was composed of three distinct components. The first was a finely granular, medium dense matrix which occasionally had linear configurations very similar to those of neuronal lipofuscin granules from human cerebral cortex. The second component was a very dense, coarsely granular material which appeared to to be deposited on the finely granular matrix. This very dense component was apparently the reducing part of the neuromelanin granule, as it was the site of localization of silver deposits in formalin-fixed tissue which had been stained with diamine silver prior to post-osmication and examination in the electron microscope. No evidence of silver reduction was noted in lipofuscin pigment. The third component of the neuromelanin granule was a lipid globule which was not preserved in glutaraldehyde or formol-permanganate fixed tissue. A lipid globule was not observed in melanin granules from the skin, eye, or pia mater.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091550205
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  • 119
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    Fine structure of the seminiferous tubule of the swiss mouse. The spermatidPreliminary results of this investigation were presented at the seventy-seventh annual session of the American Association of Anatomists in April, 1964, at Denver, Colorado. (Gardner and Holyoke, '64a.) (1966)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 155 (1966), S. 235-249 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Electron micrographs from this study demonstrate several stages in the formation of the nuclear cap and acrosome by the Golgi system. Formation of small vesicles from Golgi membranes, coalescence of these vesicles into the nuclear cap with concomitant fusion of contained granules to form the acrosome, is confirmed. Mitchondria, which at low magnifications appear to be “empty,” are shown by high magnification to contain dilated intracristal spaces. In many cases cristae are arranged parallel to the mitochondrial surface.In later spermiogenesis, appearance of the caudal sheath or manchette, proximal centriole, and terminal annulus (“ring centriole”) precede formation of the middlepiece and flagellum. The presence of a series of parallel “annulated” membranes has been described. The exact nature of these membranes, which appear to connect with the cisternae of the endoplasmic reticulum, remains to be investigated.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091550210
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  • 120
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    Development and distribution of elastic fibers in the mandibular joint of the mouse. A comparison of fetal, suckling, juvenile and adult stagesSupported by grant DE 01578-03 from the National Institute of Dental Research, United States Public Health Service. (1966)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 156 (1966), S. 333-345 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Development and distribution of elastic fibers were studied in mandibular joints of white Swiss mice which ranged from 15 days insemination age to three months postnatal. Paraffin sections were stained with Weigert's resorcin-fuchsin and Verhoeff's elastic tissue stain.Elastogenesis does not begin until the major elements of the mandibular joint are present. The first distinct elastic elements appear as granules at the nineteenth to twentieth day insemination age. Early sites of elastogenesis occur in the peripheral portions of the articular disk, at the transition and continuation of fibrous disk tissue with the periarticular tissues, and with the periosteum around the neck of the mandible.The concentration, length and caliber of fibers is increased markedly during the suckling stage, especially in the walls of the medial and lateral recesses of the synovial cavities, and in the posterior continuation of the disk to form a fibroelastic band of attachment to the squamosal bone. Prominent bands of long elastic fibers appear in the epimysium of the lateral pterygoid and masseter muscles in the young adult.The central portion of the disk and the articular surfaces of the mandibular condyle and fossa contain no elastic fibers, confirming the contention that these surfaces are not particularly stress-bearing. Stretch and shearing stresses are created, however, which require extensive elastic fiber development in other joint tissues.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091560308
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  • 121
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    A variation in the plasma membrane of intestinal epithelial cellsSupported in part by U.S.P.H.S. grant AM 06998 and by U.S.A.E.C. Contract AT (11-1) 1244. (1966)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 156 (1966), S. 369-381 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: A modification of the plasma membrane of intestinal epithelial cells consisting of an apparent thickening of the inner lamella of the unit membrane is described. The evidence indicates that the thickening can be attributed to a piling-up of stainable, granular material along the inner surface of the plasmalemma. Similar granules could be found in the cytoplasm, mostly in the region of the terminal web, and in mitochondria. Cells showing these changes were usually devoid of ribosomes and contained many smooth surfaced cytoplasmic vesicles.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091560402
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    The influence of thyroid and testicular hormones on the epithelium of crypts of Lieberkühn in the rat's intestine (1966)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 156 (1966), S. 423-431 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The growth of duodenal crypts of Lieberkühn was investigated in male Sherman rats subjected to thyroidectomy, and/or castration. Histological sections were studied, counting interphase nuclei and mitoses in 25 longitudinally sectioned crypts per animal. At 49 gm body weight, initial control animals had an average of 65.8 ± 2.4 cells per crypt section, and 80 days later, sham-operated controls weighed 269 gm and had 91.4 ± 5.1 cells per crypt section. There were only 75.0 ± 3.7 cells per crypt section 80 days after thyroidectomy, while castrates had 97.0 ± 2.6 cells per crypt section. Thyroidectomy combined with castration produced results similar to thyroidectomy alone, 74.0 ± 2.5 cells per crypt section. Treatment of such doubly operated rats with testosterone during the last 42 days of the experiment significantly increased the cell number, to 82.7 ± 2.8 per crypt section, while thyroxine increased it to 100.8 ± 4.3. Thus, in the rat, the number of cells per crypt increases between juvenile and adult stages, and this growth is subject to endocrine regulation, particularly by the thyroid.The mitotic index of crypt cells increases with age, from 3.9 ± 0.1% at 49 gm body weight, to 5.2 ± 0.3% at 269 gm body weight. Castration did not interfere with this increment, but it was reduced in the absence of thyroid hormone, and was restored by the injection of thyroxine to thyroidectomized castrates.Finally, from related observations in previously reported and unpublished experiments, it is suggested (1) that the influence of thyroid hormone on crypt cell number may be mediated, at least in part, through an action on growth hormone release from the anterior pituitary and (2) that the rate of change in cell number with age may be determined in some measure by a change in the rate of cell displacement toward the villus tip, in addition to a change in mitotic index.
    Additional Material: 2 Tab.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091560406
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    Synaptic contacts at nodes of ranvier in central nervous tissueThis work was supported by Research grant Nonr-220 (34) from the Office of Naval Research, and GB-4028 from the National Science Foundation. (1966)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 156 (1966), S. 91-97 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Parietal cortex, hippocampus and reticular formation of the medulla of normal rabbits were primarily fixed by glutaraldehyde perfusion followed by phosphate buffered osmium tetroxide. In electron micrographs of this material the central nodes of Ranvier exhibitedmost of the features of peripheral nodes. Branching was observed at central nodes which resembled branching of the myelinated axons at peripheral nodes. Two types of synapses were observed at the node. In the first type the axon formed a process which ended in a bouton, synapsing with a dendritic spine, while in the other type the axon bulged at the node to form the bouton.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091560111
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    Recovery of rat incisor dentin from abnormal mineralization produced by strontium and fluorideThis investigation was supported by Public Health Service research grant DE-01716, and by Research Career Development Award 5-K3-DE 7,272 from the National Institute of Dental Research. I am indebted to Mr. William Ayer and Dr. Dale Eisenmann, who prepared the microradiographs during the tenure of summer research fellowships supported by Public Health Service General Research Support grant IGS-10. (1966)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 154 (1966), S. 661-673 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Rats were injected with 5 mg NaF/100 g or 125 mg SrCl2/100 g. Animals injected once were killed at intervals of 4, 6, 12 and 24 days after injection. Other animals received pairs of injections, separated by intervals of four or nine days. One maxillary incisor from each animal was embedded in methacrylate, sectioned transversely, and microradiographs prepared. The other incisor was demineralized, sectioned, and the sections stained with histochemical methods for polysac-charide-protein complexes.In the microradiographs, the abnormally mineralized layers of dentin produced by the injections became less distinct as they aged. This recovery was detectable in all animals within two weeks after injection. The histochemical changes were less marked, but the weakly stained (hypomineralized) layers of matrix became more nearly normal as recovery occurred. Apparently, fluoride accelerates the maturation (secondary mineralization) of a thin layer of dentin, while both fluoride and strontium inhibit primary mineralization of predentin. In time, mineralization in the hypomineralized layers overtakes the normally mineralized dentin, and the normally mineralized dentin overtakes the hypermineralized layers.
    Additional Material: 11 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091540312
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    Pathological changes in adipose tissue of obese miceThis investigation was supported by Research grants AM 05735 and AM 01952 from the National Institute of Arthritis and Metabolic Diseases, Public Health Service. (1966)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 154 (1966), S. 651-660 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Gonadal and perirenal fat pads from markedly obese mice show pathological changes associated with the appearance of many large macrophages, small mononuclear cells resembling lymphocytes, and polymorphonuclear cells. The first recognizable changes are always associated with necrosis of the fat cell membrane. Advanced stages also show reduction of the number of fat cells, formation of large fat vacuoles and cysts, and predominance of innumerable pathological cells. The extent of tissue changes varies considerably even within one fat pad but is dependent on the degree and duration of obesity. Animals weighing less than 45 gm are only occasionally, heavier mice almost regularly, affected. The nitrogen content of normally healthy adipose tissue decreases as the animals grow older and fatter, while fat pads exhibiting tissue pathology show the expected increase in the protein and water content, and a reduction of the lipid content. The pathological changes were observed in obese-hyperglycemic mice, in several strains of mice made obese by the administration of goldthioglucose, and in four old and very fat controls. These four controls were the only ones in several hundred normal mice examined which showed changes. Few and only minor pathological changes were noted in subcutaneous fatty tissue of mice which showed marked pathology of the abdominal fat pads.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091540311
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  • 126
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    Maturation and water composition of murine cerebrum, cerebellum, brain stem and spinal cord (1966)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 154 (1966), S. 753-757 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Percentage change in water content and total solids was determined for the developing murine brain for both males and females from birth to 120 days.The central nervous system was divided into four components: (1) cerebrum (2) cerebellum (3) brain stem (4) spinal cord. The percentage of water was determined by dessication for groups of five animals at each day from birth to 20 days and then at five-day increments to day 60 and at day 90 and day 120.Plots of the per cent solids (water content) against body weight showed a linear relationship for all parts except the cerebellum. No sex differences were noted. The cerebellum showed an early rapid water loss with a changing rate to a linear curve as the animal matured.Growth data were submitted to asymptotic regression using a computer to fit a curve y = α+βρx when y is the per cent solid at time × (in days) and α, β, ρ the constants to be determined. All of the central nervous system components gave constants of the same order of magnitude.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091540406
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    Cytology of the fetal zone of the adrenal gland of the armadilloSupported by National Science Foundation grant GB-2476 and NICHD grant 5T1-HD-21. (1966)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 154 (1966), S. 807-821 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The fine structure of the adrenal gland of the fetal armadillo was examined by electron microscopy to determine whether or not there were two cell types in the parenchyma of the fetal zone, as suggested by examination by light microscopy, and whether any of the cells of this zone had the cytological features associated with steroid production.Two cell types were found. One cell type is composed of large cells situated in clusters and containing a relative paucity of organelles. The other cell type is composed of smaller, eosinophilic, PAS positive cells, situated primarily in a reticular pattern around the blood vessels. This second cell type has numerous spherical mitochondria with tubular cristae and an extensive tubular agranular endoplasmic reticulum. It is concluded that this latter cell type is responsible for the steroid production reported by other authors. Both of the cell types of the fetal zone appear to be derived from the original mesenchymal blastema of the adrenal gland.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091540409
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    Comparative observations of the eminentia cruciata in birds and mammalsThis investigation was supported in part by the Office of Advanced Research and Technology, National Aeronautics and Space Administration.Opinions and conclusions contained in this paper are those of the authors and not to be construed as reflecting the view or endorsement of the Navy Department. (1966)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 155 (1966), S. 269-277 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The eminentia cruciata in vertical semicircular canals was observed in all birds and the turtle investigated. Minimal structural difference was observed among all birds utilized for their different flying activities. This eminentia cruciata was found even in a flightless penguin. A rudiment was found in the rat, cat, and dog, but not found in the guinea pig, flying squirrel, squirrel monkey, owl monkey, macaca monkey, or human.The dividing and frictional effects from this structure against the endolymphatic flow are expected in these vertical semicircular canals. The ampulla of the vertical semicircular canal contains one complete crista with planum semilunatum on each side, due to the presence of the eminentia cruciata.The phylogenetic significance is important; the existence of the eminentia cruciata is parallel to that of the sensura neglecta, and it is antagonistic to the development of the horizontal semicircular canal.
    Additional Material: 1 Tab.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091550213
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    The anatomy and histology of XO human embryos and fetuses (1966)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 155 (1966), S. 369-383 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Thirteen abortuses with a known chromosomal complement of 45 (XO) were collected. Of these, eight contained an embryo or fetus ranging in age from five weeks to four months. Various gross anatomical abnormalities were evident in the four larger specimens and these included horseshoe kidney, unicornate uterus, single umbilical artery and cystic hygroma. One specimen had bilateral cystic hygromata. In all specimens, the gross anatomical appearance of the gonad was normal and, when examined histologically, the presence of primordial germ cells could be demonstrated.Histological sections of the XO gonads were compared with sections of gonads from known XX specimens of similar ages. There was no significant difference between the XO and XX gonads up to the third intrauterine month. In the older fetuses there was a relative increase in the connective tissue of the XO gonad.The finding of germ cells in the gonads of the XO fetuses is in contrast to the findings in XO adults who usually do not have germ cells in the gonads.
    Additional Material: 1 Tab.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091550309
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    The gross morphology of the coronary arteries of the common squirrel monkeyThe data of this report were drawn from a thesis submitted to the Graduate Committee of the Bowman Gray School of Medicine in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science. The author is grateful to Dr. Walter J. Bo for his helpful advice and criticisms.This investigation was supported by grant HTS-5392 (N.I.H.) of the Cardiovascular Training Program of the Bowman Gray School of Medicine. Some materials were made available through the Primate Resource Program (N.I.H. grant FR-00180) of the Vivarium of the Bowman Gray School of Medicine. The squirrel monkeys used in this study were obtained from the Tarpon zoo, in Tarpon Springs, Florida. They were originally derived from their native habitat in Colombia. (1966)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 155 (1966), S. 353-367 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The coronary arteries of 16 squirrel monkeys were pre-perfused with acetone and subsequently filled with vinyl acetate. Thirteen of the hearts were then bleached, dehydrated and cleared in cedar oil; three were subjected to corrosion in concentrated hydrochloric acid.The right coronary artery arises from the right coronary sinus of Valsalva. In 50% of specimens, the “artery of the conus” arises independently from the same sinus by a separate ostium; in the other 50% being a branch of the proximal portion of the right coronary artery. The right coronary distributes vessels supplying the lateral three-fourths of the anterior right ventricle, all of the posterior right ventricle, the posterior one-third of the interventricular septum, the right atrium, the posterior papillary muscles of the right ventricle, the atrioventricular node, the sinus node (in 9 specimens), and the medial one-third of the posterior left ventricle. The left coronary artery, supplying the remainder of the heart, arises in all cases from the left coronary sinus and bifurcates to form the ventrally terminating anterior interventricular coronary artery and the left coronary circumflex. In one specimen, the left coronary artery supplied the atrioventricular node.
    Additional Material: 16 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091550308
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    An engineering analysis of myocardial fiber orientation in pig's left ventricle in systoleThis study was supported in part by the Cardiovascular Training Program U.S.P.H.S. grant HTS-5147, Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Washington. (1966)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 155 (1966), S. 503-511 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The concept of discrete layers and bundles of muscle as a basic structural arrangement in left ventricular myocardium was tested by measuring the helix angles at 1 mm intervals from endocardium to epicardium, using pig's heart in the contracted state. A fixed coordinate system was established which permitted measurement of corresponding sites in hearts of different dimensions.The helix angle was found to change from somewhat less than 90° endocardially to about -90° epicardially in an almost linear clockwise sequence, like a Japanese fan opened up. Approximately the same pattern was observed in the interventricular septum and the anterior, left and posterior walls. Generally, there was no abrupt change between the helix angle of papillary fibers and that of adjacent wall myocardium. Where occasionally abrupt changes in fiber orientation were demonstrated, no intervening septum could be discerned. The deviant fibers seemed to co-exist as part of the same gross structure.The concept of a continuum more appropriately describes the basic structure of left ventricular myocardium. Lev and Simkins ('56) and Grant ('65) showed that there was no evidence of identifiable layers as defined by the presence of connective tissue septa. This study shows no evidence of identifiable layers as defined by (1) an abrupt change in fiber direction demarking the boundary of a layer and (2) a parallel fiber direction between such boundaries.
    Additional Material: 21 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091550403
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    A catenary analysis of the maxillary dental arch during human embryogenesisThis investigation was supported by research grant HD 00178 from the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, grant 7 from the Horace H. Rackham School of Graduate Studies, The University of Michigan, and by a dental student research fellowship from the National Institute of Dental Research (USPHS 1 SD1-FR 05321). (1966)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 154 (1966), S. 13-20 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Human embryos aged six and one-half through 1 weeks were studied to determine the morphological changes in shape of the maxillary dental arch during this early developmental period. Age was determined by crown-rump lengths using the table of Patten ('53).When compared to a reference catenary curve, the embryonic dental arch exhibited several time-linked and directional changes in shape. First, 6.5 to 8 week embryos characteristically had upper dental arches which were wide and anteroposteriorly flattened and did not conform to the catenary curve. At 7.5 to 9 weeks, the C-shaped dental arch showed more elongation and increasing depth. It was not until weeks 9.5 to 12 that the embryonic dental arch grew enough to conform to the catenary curve.It is suggested that the catenary curvature of the postnatal upper dental arch can be first recognized as early as 9.5 weeks of development.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091540103
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    The anterior choroidal artery: An anatomical study of its area of distributionSupported by grants from the Kresge Foundation and NIH no. NB-04336. (1966)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 154 (1966), S. 95-101 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The morphology and the structures supplied by the extraventricular segment of the anterior choroidal artery was studied in 22 human brains. The pertinent arterial sections were injected with a gelatin-india ink mixture and the brains serially sectioned and cleared after formalin fixation. The area of distribution of the anterior choroidal artery varied widely.There is good supply to the globus pallidus, the posterior and retrolenticular portions of the internal capsule, the cerebral peduncle, the optic tract and the lateral geniculate body. A lesser supply is furnished to the genu of the internal capsule, thalamus, hypothalamus, subthalamus, and amygdala.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091540109
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    Glomerular ultrastructure in the kidney of a hibernating animalSupported by Research grant A-2027 from the National Institute of Arthritis and Metabolic Diseases, National Institutes of Health. (1966)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 154 (1966), S. 87-94 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Kidney samples were obtained from ten hibernating and ten control 13-lined ground squirrels. Citellus tridecemlineatus. The tissue was fixed in cold buffered 2% osmium tetroxide, dehydrated in graded alcohols and embedded in Maraglass. Sections were made with glass knives on a Porter-Blum microtome and viewed with RCA-EML and RCA-EMU 3 electron microscopes. Observations and comparisons were made of the glomerular capillaries in samples from both groups. In comparison with data on other animals reported in the literature, the basement membrane of the renal glomerulus of the control ground squirrel is approximately twice as thick, averaging 2,000-2,500 Å in width. Hibernation results in several structural modifications of the glomerular ultrafilter as follows: (1) the endothelial pores are decreased in number and size; (2) the podocytic foot processes are swollen and the slit pores reduced in size; and (3) the basement membrane thickens, averaging 4,000-5,000 Å in width, and becomes irregular in contour. It is concluded that the porosity of the glomerular ultrafilter decreases during hibernation. This aids in explaining the decrease in the rate of urine formation which occurs during this time of lowered body temperature and metabolic depression.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091540108
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    Initiation of irreversible differentiation in vaginal epitheliumThis investigation was supported by a PHS research grant (CA 07151) from the National Cancer Institute and an NIH fellowship from a General Research Support Grant. (1966)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 154 (1966), S. 149-159 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Ovariectomized mice were given estrogen and progesterone either independently, or simultaneously, or in sequence. Thymidine-H3 was also injected, and the tissues were radioautographed. Analysis of modulation and differentiation was based on the morphological changes seen in cell populations identified by the presence or absence of radioactive nuclei. Estrogen induced cells newly formed in the basal layer to differentiate into a stratified squamous, keratinizing epithelium but did not convert the slowly proliferating surface cells. Progesterone accelerated basal cell proliferation, although this effect was expressed about a day later than when estrogen was used. When both hormones were used in succession, neither could do more than modify the appearance of the cells produced under the influence of the other hormone. However, either hormone could cause proliferation, migration and differentiation of cells from the same basal cells that had previously been the source of cells induced to differentiate by the other hormone. Therefore, the same basal cells can give rise to either stratified squamous or mucous epithelium. Shortly after cells leave the basal layer under the influence of one hormone they cannot be induced to follow the opposite path of differentiation by reversal of hormone treatment. That is, estrogen or progesterone can induce true differentiation as cells leave the basal layer, but only modulation above this level. Consequently, the initiation of relatively irreversible differentiation in this system is closely associated with the stage at which a cell is produced by mitosis from a less differentiated cell and does not appear related to obvious cytoplasmic differentiation.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091540112
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    Time and duration of DNA synthesis in rabbit eggs after sperm penetrationThis study was supported by funds from the University of Washington Initiative 171 grant. (1966)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 154 (1966), S. 209-212 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Rabbit eggs 11-18 hours after mating were incubated with tritiated thymidine for 30 minutes, fixed in osmium tetroxide and prepared for autoradiography. DNA synthesis in both pronuclei takes place between 3-6 hours after fertilization. The presynthetic and synthetic periods are short, followed by a long postsynthetic period.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091540203
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    Rapid wax plate modeling (1966)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 154 (1966), S. 233-241 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: An accelerated method for the production of wax plate models from serial sections is described. Serial sections are projected on the back of 1 mm wax plates and the sharp image produced on the front of the plate is cut out directly with a knife. The construction of a simple projection apparatus which permits back-lighted projection is described and illustrated. The apparatus is built of common-size lumber and a small sheet of Plexiglas. It consists of a screen for the image and a wooden track on which a light source and microscope can be moved back and forth for different magnifications. Commercially available wax plates can be used. A method and the equipment needed to produce larger plates are described.The cut-out images when piled up to form the model are welded together and strengthened by inserting heated straight pins. The exterior of the model is smoothed with an electrically heated glass instrument which provides constant heat of desired temperatures. The construction of the glass instrument is illustrated.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091540206
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    Correlation of localization of alkaline and acid phosphatases with morphological development of the rat kidneySupported by a Rockefeller Foundation Fellowship. (1966)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 154 (1966), S. 253-259 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The Gomori (metal-salt) and azo-dye techniques were used for the localization of alkaline and acid phosphatases in the metanephric kidneys from 13- to 22-day-old fetal rats. Alkaline phosphatase activity was localized first in the luminal (brush) border of the differentiated proximal tubule in the kidneys of 19-day-old fetuses. Acid phosphatase activity was first localized in the cytoplasm of all the morphologically differentiated cells of the nephron in the kidneys of 20-day-old fetuses as cytoplasmic “droplets.” The relationships of the localization of these to the morphological differentiation of the nephron is discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091540208
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    Fine structure of tadpole melanophores (1966)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 154 (1966), S. 533-543 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The fine structure of frog tadpole melanophores has been found to be different from that of teleost chromatophores (Falk and Rhodin, '57). The cytoplasm is not divided into inner and outer regions. Organelles are distributed throughout the cytoplasm. A special search for microtubules was made and only a single such structure could be found.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091540304
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  • 140
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    Periosteal appositional bone growth from age two to age seventy in man. A tetracycline evaluationWork support by grants AM-04186 of National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Md., and Project 293, Henry Ford Hospital. (1966)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 154 (1966), S. 573-577 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Periosteal appositional bone formation in human ribs was analyzed. Tetracycline labels deposited in vivo reveal that in human ribs there can be continued apposition of periosteal bone after age 20, which decreases in amount with advancing age but is still present in the seventh decade.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091540307
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  • 141
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    The human aortic ridge and cushionSupported by U. S. Public Health Service grant HE-05480-05. (1966)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 154 (1966), S. 185-193 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: A ridge of fatty tissue partly encircles the midsection of the human ascending aorta. This structure was constant in occurrence, position, and form in all examined adult and late fetal specimens. The ridge terminates as an expanded cushion that is situated on the right wall of the aortic bulb in apposition to the edge of the right auricle. A fascial cleft beneath the cushion permits a mobility which would enable the structure to relieve pressure and friction caused by the expansion of the auricle against the aorta. A vascular plexus within the cushion is formed by the anastomoses of the coronary and extracardiac branches of the aortic vasa vasorum.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091540115
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  • 142
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    The hair follicle group in mice (1966)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 154 (1966), S. 195-207 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Initiation and development of the follicle population in mice were examined during embryonic and early postnatal life. The shape of the curve relating follicle density with age suggests that follicle intiation begins in the 14-day-old embryo and continues until about two days after birth. During the period of follicle intiation, groups of follicles are established in a regular and systematic way but at any particular age during this period, the stage of development of adjacent groups is not always synchronous so that when initiation ceases the composition and numerical size of different groups are highly variable. Although 75% of all groups contained three, four, or five follicles some were composed of only two and others as many as 11 folllices. In adult mice the most notable feature of the spatial distribution of follicles is often only the tendency for follicles to be arranged in rows. An examination of the follicle population about six days after birth showed that this feature is not incompatible with the earlier developmental grouping structure. A comparison of the proportions of different fiber types in the coat with the proportions of follicles occupying specific positions in the follicle groups was unable to establish any close relationship between follicle and fiber types. Evidently the type of fiber grown by a follicle is more dependent on the age when the follicle is initiated than on the position of the follicle in the follicle group.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091540202
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  • 143
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    Rotational movements in the foot of Galago senegalensis (1966)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 154 (1966), S. 287-293 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The wide range of rotational movement found in the elongated foot of Galago senegalensis cannot be accounted for by movement at the subtalar joint. A gross and microscopic study of the intertarsal joints of this animal have revealed a discrete calcaneonavicular articulation between the shafts of these bones together with a pivot joint at the calcaneocuboid articulation. It is suggested that little movement occurs at the subtalar joint and that most of the rotation found is produced by a movement of the navicular and distal tarsal bones about an axis which passes through the attachment of the plantar calcaneonavicular ligament to the calcaneus, the calcaneal portion of the calcaneonavicular joint and the pivot of the calcaneocuboid joint. A comparison is made with the foot of Tarsius and with the rotational movements of the forearm.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091540211
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  • 144
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    The peritoneum of Trichosurus vulpecula (1966)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 154 (1966), S. 295-304 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: This investigation of the peritoneal reflections of the brush-tailed possum was carried out on eight adult specimens. The greater omentum is relatively short, whereas the lesser omentum is arranged much the same as in man. Only the mesoduodenum and the distal mesocolon are totally reflected from off the dorsal peritoneum. The remaining peritoneal folds are either free or have a weak scanty attachment to the dorsal wall thus ensuring the general mobility of the gut in an animal whose posture is both orthograde and pronograde. These reflections are discussed from a phylogenetic aspect.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091540212
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  • 145
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    Morphological variability of keratohyalinThis study was supported by U. S. Public Health Service General Research grants 1SO1-FR-05311-01 and -04. (1966)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 154 (1966), S. 275-285 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: With the aid of the electron microscope, it has been possible to demonstrate that the configuration of keratohyalin in rat tongue epithelium is highly variable. The configurations described by others are seen, i.e., the globular or irregular granules made up of homogeneous electron-opaque material. In addition to these, there are two other types of granules. One type is constituted heterogeneously of material similar in density to that usually described and another slightly less dense material. In the other type, keratohyalin is arranged as a dense rim around an electron-translucent, amorphous center. In addition to the cytoplasmic keratohyalin granules, intranuclear dense granules were demonstrated. The morphology of these intranuclear granules is similar in some ways to cytoplasmic keratohyalin.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091540210
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  • 146
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    American association of anatomists. Seventy-ninth annual session. University of Califonia school of medicine, April 6, 7, 8, 1966. Officers, abstracts, demonstrations (1966)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 154 (1966), S. 305-511 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091540213
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  • 147
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    American Association of Anatomists. Proceedings of the American Association of Anatomists seventy-ninth meeting. University of California school of medicine, April 6, 7, 8, 1966, with list of officers and members (1966)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 155 (1966), S. 401-491 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091550311
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  • 148
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    Electron microscopic observations of pericytes of small blood vessels in the lungs and hearts of normal cattle and swineSupported by grant 07188-04 from the National Institutes of Health. (1966)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 155 (1966), S. 513-529 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: In an electron microscopic study of lungs and hearts from cattle and swine, filament-containing cells were observed to extend through the basement membrane and form contacts with endothelial cells of capillaries, arterioles, and venules. It is suggested that these may be cells of Rouget and that they may be of considerable functional significance.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091550404
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  • 149
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    The effects of ultracentrifugation on the mammalian erythrocyteThis investigation was supported by research grants GM-5479, GM-4706, GM-09229, HD-00699 from the National Institutes of Health, Public Health Service, and grant G-9879 from the National Science Foundation. Dr. Kessel is the recipient of a Career Development Award GM-11,524, from the National Institute of General Medical Science. (1966)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 155 (1966), S. 541-549 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Pieces of rat spleen were subjected in an air turbine ultracentrifuge to a force of approximately 400,000 times gravity for periods varying from one-half to one hour. They were immediately fixed for study with both the light and electron microscopes. Stained preparations show a displacement and stratification of materials within the erythrocytes. The stratified layers are probably components of the stroma which differ in their relative specific gravities and staining reactions. The chemical nature of the different layers has not been determined, but their relative volumes are indicated by the dimensions of the layers.Electron micrographs show some effects of the ultracentrifugation such as stretching and the concentration of more dense material in the centrifugal halves of the cells, but a clear cut demonstration of the three stratified layers observed in Mallory's triple stained preparations is not evident. Except for the plasma membrane and a finely granular interior of the erythrocyte, little other structure is revealed within it, especially concerning the nature and distribution of the stroma.
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  • 150
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    Light and electron microscopy of intestinal ferritin absorption. Observations in sensitized and nonsensitized hamsters (Mesocricetus auratus)Supported by N.S.F. grant GB-4159 and U.S.P.H.S. grant FR-05423. (1966)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 155 (1966), S. 603-621 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The intestinal absorptive cells of adult hamsters which have been pretreated with intraperitoneal injections of horse ferritin or subcutaneous injections of ferritin-adjuvant mixture show a marked absorption of this protein when it is introduced into ligated segments of the intestinal lumen for periods up to three hours.Ferritin is concentrated in the enteric surface coating, intracytoplasmic vesicles in the supranuclear area, and the Golgi apparatus. Large aggregates are localized in macrophages, fibrocytes, and endothelial cells of the lamina propria. Individual molecules are also present in these cells, plasma cells, intercellular spaces and capillary lumens.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091550412
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  • 151
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    Leucocyte-like cells of the vagina and uterus, and their modification during the normal estrous cycle and by progestin and estrogen treatmentEndocrine Research Unit, Departments of Physiology and of Animal Husbandry, Michigan State University. The authors gratefully acknowledge the technological assistance of Fred Howe, for supervision of the large animals, and of Susan Mahoney and Trinidad Velasco for histological techniques. This study was supported in part by grants from the Henry and Benson Fords and by The Upjohn Company, Kalamazoo, Michigan. Approved for publication February 10, 1965, as Journal Series no. 3574 of the Michigan State Agricultural Experiment Station. (1966)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 155 (1966), S. 591-601 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Examinations of genital tract tissues and vaginal smears of normal cycling and progestin and estrogen treated cattle, sheep, and swine suggest that the majority of leucocyte-like cells appearing in the tissues and smears of non-infected animals are not of immediate blood origin, but originate from undifferentiated genital tract mesenchymal cells. During the luteal phase of the cycle, or during progestational treatment, plasma cells are produced in great numbers. They penetrate the stroma, epithelium, and lumen of the vagina as intact cells. Shortly after their entry into the vaginal lumen, they appear similar to polymorphonuclear leucocytes, as the result of dissolution of the nuclear membrane and scattering of the wedge-shaped nuclear masses throughout the cell. The relative paucity of leucocyte-like cells in the vaginal smear close to the time of ovulation results from interruption of the migration and differentiation of the plasma cells within the genital tissues, by estrogen induced fragmentation of the plasma cells. Eosinophilic polychromatin fragmenting plasma cells account for the majority of eosinophilic leucocytes in healthy genital tract tissues during proestrus and estrus.
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  • 152
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    Fluorescent localization of catecholamine stores in the rat lungPreliminary work for this investigation was carried out at the College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University; Department of Pathology, Francis Delafield Hospital Division. (1966)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 156 (1966), S. 19-29 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: To localize the stores of catecholamines present, normal rat lungs were examined with a histochemical fluorescence technique. Comparison was made with sections from animals infused with methylene blue to demonstrate the autonomic innervation usually observed. An extensive network of fine fluorescent fibers was seen in the mucosa of the entire bronchial tree. Coarse interstitial fibers adjacent to bronchi represented the largest monoamine stores observed, and communicated by delicate fibers with both the musculature and mucosa. Arterial fluorescence was less prominent, and a continuous subendothelial layer of coarse fluorescent material communicated with finer fibers in the muscular walls. The extensive fluorescent fibrous network visualized with the present method, demonstrating fine details of innervation, suggested an intimate relation between the bronchi and pulmonary arteries.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091560105
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  • 153
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    The effect of a muscle relaxant on the growth and differentiation of skeletal muscles in the chick embryo (1966)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 155 (1966), S. 133-138 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The present work is concerned with the extreme controversy of views over the problem of the dependency of embryonic muscular development on neural factors.A chemopharmacological method was adopted to selectively block the motor nerve endings. One hundred and seventy-seven chick embryos, 6-7 days old, were injected in ovo with marginal doses of oily tubocurarine. The control embryos were injected with arachis oil. Eleven days after injection, the majority of the embryos injected with curare were macroscopically stunted, especially the limbs. Specimens from experimental and control embryos were fixed simultaneously in isotonic 10% formalin made in Howard's solution. Sections were stained with hematoxylin and eosin, Mallory's phosphotungstic acid hematoxylin and Van Gieson. Dawson's technique was used to demonstrate the whole of the embryo skeletons. Microscopic examination of the limb musculature revealed inhibition of development and differentiation. The muscle fibers were reduced in size and number, poorly striated and contained many centrally situated nuclei.In the chick, it is suggested that at a critical time of development the final differentiation and maturation of skeletal muscles begin to become dependent on the anatomical and physiological intactness of the motor nerves. This time is found to be approximately between the sixth and seventh days of incubation. The significance of these observations is discussed.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091550115
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  • 154
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    Masthead (1966)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 155 (1966) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091550201
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  • 155
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    Initiation of vagal control of heart rate in the embryonic chickWork made possible by N.I.H. grant HW03565-08. (1966)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 155 (1966), S. 163-166 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The objective was to determine on what day of development the vagal complex i.e., dorsal motor nucleus in the floor of the fourth ventricle, vagus nerve and post synaptic neuron assumes functional control of the heart rate in the chick embryo. Adapting a technique used by Armstrong ('35) for the Fundulus embryo, 0.003 ml of Tyrode solution containing 0.03 μg of acetylcholine was injected into the fourth ventricles of 16 chick embryos at four days of age, 25 at five and 15 at six days of age. Heart rates were taken before and after injection.Analyzed statistically no significant changes in heart rate occurred following injection of acetylcholine into four day embryos but at five days a significant average drop from 106 to 95 beats per minute occurred. The same was true in six-day-old embryos where the average drop in rate was from 108 before to 84 after injection. As proof that the acetylcholine injected into the brain ventricle acted by stimulating the vagal mechanism and not by diffusing into cerebral blood vessels and being carried to the heart we found that corresponding amounts of acetylcholine injected into omphalomesenteric veins had no significant effect on heart rate. Also 0.003 ml of plain Tyrode solution injected into the fourth ventricle elicited no significant response. These observations justify the conclusion that the vagal pathway to the heart becomes functional between five and six days of development in the chick embryo.
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  • 156
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    The effect of pregnancy on the submandibular glands of miceThis study was supported in part by a grant from the Medical Research Council of Canada. (1966)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 155 (1966), S. 217-221 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Structural changes occurring in the submandibular glands of mice during pregnancy were studied. The submandibular glands of 12 mice were examined immediately post-partum, and those of a further 12 six weeks post-partum. They were compared with glands of virgin female and young adult male mice. The mean weight of the glands immediately after pregnancy was 75% greater than that of the glands of virgin female mice of the same age.In both hematoxylin and eosin, and Mallory-Heidenhain stained sections there was evidence of masculinization of the submandibular glands during pregnancy. The percentage of convoluted granular tubules in the glands increased; as did also the diameter of the tubules. The characteristic appearance of the constituent cells of the tubules in the gland of the virgin female, with basal striations and centrally located nuclei was converted to that seen typically in the young adult male, where the cells have basally located nuclei, and an abundance of apical granules but no basal striations.Regression in both the weight and microscopical appearance of the glands to the non-pregnant condition occurred within the six weeks following pregnancy.The apparent masculinization of the submandibular glands during pregnancy is thought to be an expression of the complementary endocrine factors acting at that time.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091550208
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  • 157
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    Comparative anatomical and neurohistological observations on the tongue of the porcupine (Histrix cristata)A part of this paper was read at the XXXI Anatomical Meeting of Kanto-district, Tokyo, December 4, 1965. (1966)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 155 (1966), S. 261-268 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Two circumvallate papillae and well developed foliate papillae are observed with fungiform and filiform papaillae on the dorsum. The vallate and foliate papillae are supplied with abundant plexiform nerves concentrated in the lateral area of the papilla, its thin, non-cornified lateral wall being furnished with many taste buds. The trench wall lined by a nerve plexus is provided with a few taste buds. The ganglion cells are found between the serous glands plentiful in these regions.Fungiform papillae on the dorsum and inferior surface are covered with highly cornified stratified squamous epithelium. They are richly supplied with nerve fibers from a large, thick-sheathed nerve plexus in the middle portion of the papilla, but they are furnished with no taste buds. Absence of the taste bud seems to be related with high keratinization of their upper epithelium.Filiform papillae are poor in nerve supply. The tongue has the peculiar structure taking the form of flat, horny plate, which consists of many highly cornified filiform papillae on the anterior part of the dorsum. This finding suggests that the filiform papilla is a basic structure of this peculiar papilla.In the area posterior to the vallate papillae there are many mucous glands deep in the muscles. The duct with a wide orifice has cystic dilatations on its course in the mucosa.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091550212
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  • 158
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    Structure and Distribution of muscle spindles in the forepaw lumbricals of the phalanger, Trichosurus vdpecula (1966)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 155 (1966), S. 287-303 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Non-nervous aspects of muscle spindle morphology were examined in 15 forepaw lumbricals of a marsupial, Trichosurus vulpecula, using serial transverse and longitudinal sections. The structure of the spindle was similar to that in other mammals with a few minor differences. One to three nuclear bag type and 2 to 16 nuclear chain type intrafusal fibers were present in all spindles. The fibers were largely distinguishable by differences in length, in diameter at all levels along the length of the spindle, and in the arrangement of their equatorial nuclear aggregations. There was, however, some overlap in that many nuclear chain fibers extended for considerable distances beyond one or both poles of the spindle capsule, and several fibers, otherwise classified as nuclear bag fibers, contained single chains of equatorial nuclei rather than nuclear bags. These findings, together with the observation that all intrafusal fibers were heterogeneous in their distribution of myofibrils, and the evidence of other studies on the innervation and histochemistry of mammalian muscle spindles, suggest that a specific functional separation of intrafusal fibers on strictly morphological grounds may not be entirely valid.The receptor population in each of nine muscles bore no consistent relation to the total number of extrafusal fibers; this appears to confirm the concept that it is the functional attributes of a muscle, rather than its bulk that determine its spindle content.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
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  • 159
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    Development of the human renal glomerulus I. Differentiation of the filtering membraneThis work was completed at the Department of Anatomy, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts. (1966)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 155 (1966), S. 339-351 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The development of the human renal glomerulus, in particular its filtering membrane, has been studied by light microscopy with a high resolution technique as a necessary and complementary step for electron microscopical studies.The glomerular filtering membrane is a triple layered structure composed of the visceral epithelium, the capillary endothelium and a basement membrane interposed between them. These three layers have different and definite origins in the metanephrogenic blastema, but close interdependency during the developmental process exists. Mesenchymal cells were demonstrated migrating from the renal interstitium into the invaginating wall of the renal vesicle and transforming into the endothelial and mesangial cells. The visceral epithelium originates from the invaginated wall of the primitive renal vesicle and is transformed from a mass of cells into a special membrane concomitant with the differentiation of the capillary loops. The basement membrane is produced later by the close association of the other two cellular layers.
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  • 160
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    A new cytoplasmic component in the trophoblast cells of the rat and mouse (1966)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 155 (1966), S. 385-399 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Tissue blocks removed from placentas of rats and mice at different gestational age were fixed in either OsO4 or glutaraldehyde or both, embedded into Araldite, and thin sections were examined with the electron microscope. A hitherto undescribed cytoplasmic component consisting of convoluted thread-like elements embedded in a clear ground substance has been regularly found in the trophoblast II cells of rats and mice. The ovoid-shaped cytoplasmic component, termed by us glomerular body, is about 1 to 1.5 μ in its greatest diameter and is composed of electrondense 400 to 500 Å thick threads which appear to have a fine filamentous and granular structure. The threads were often observed in close topographical relationship with free ribosomes. The thread-like elements of the glomerular body were occasionally found dispersed or lined up under the cell membrane of the foetal side of the trophoblast II cell. In some instances similar structures were observed in the nucleus. The nature and significance of the glomerular body is unknown.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091550310
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  • 161
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    The effect of phytohemagglutinin on rat thymus cells in vitroThis work was supported in part by Research grant GM 06309-06 and in part by Research grant AI 06150-02, both from the National Institutes of Health. (1966)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 155 (1966), S. 493-501 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Cells obtained from the thymus glands of five strains of rats, ranging in age from five hours to five months, were cultured in the presence of phytohemagglutinin according to the method of Rieke and Schwarz ('64). In these cultures, the large and medium lymphocytes in the inoculum gave rise by mitosis to small lymphocytes. Under the influence of PHA, small lymphocytes were transformed into enlarged cells which in turn acted as precursors of small lymphocytes. However, not all small cells in the cultures nor thymic lymphocytes from newborn rats responded to this mitogenic drug. A progressive increase in responsiveness was detected as donors increased from five hours to 32 days of age.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091550402
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  • 162
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    The number of nerve fibers in the limb of the mouse and its relation to regenerative capacitySupported by grants from the American Cancer Society and the National Institutes of Health. (1966)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 155 (1966), S. 537-540 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: In regeneration of the salamander limb the nerve must satisfy a quantitative threshold below which regeneration does not occur. The present work explores the reason for the inability of the mammalian limb to regenerate by analyzing the number of nerve fibers available in the wound of the amputated limb. The number expressed per unit area of amputation wound is only 16% of that of the newt, Triturus, a regenerating form. It is known that when the number of fibers in the newt's limb is reduced to about a third or less of the normal number, regrowth does not occur. The results are discussed against the background of published unsuccessful attempts to induce regrowth in the mammal. Finally, the results affirm findings published previously of an evolutionary trend in the vertebrate series of decline in quantity of peripheral innervation which attended elaboration of central nervous mechanisms.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091550406
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  • 163
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    Response of articular cartilage of dwarf mice to insulin: Electronmicroscopic studiesThe investigation was supported by grant A-04213(C5) from the National Institute of Arthritis and Metabolic Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Public Health Service. (1966)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 155 (1966), S. 577-589 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The effect of insulin on the ultrastructure of articular chondrocytes was studied in young dwarf mice (dwdw) which lack pituitary eosinophiles and fail to produce STH. Within less than 24 hours, injections of insulin together with dextrose enhanced development of the endoplasmic reticulum and of the Golgi structures, stimulated the mitochondria, and accelerated and intensified glycogen formation. Dextrose alone had a similar, although less marked effect. The findings suggest a slightly promoting influence of insulin on protein synthesis and a conspicuous stimulation of carbohydrate synthesis by articular chondrocytes of hypopituitary dwarf mice thus treated. The results were compared with those obtained previously after treatment with somatotrophin, and the relationship between these two hormones was discussed.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091550410
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  • 164
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    Fine structure of the neurons of the posterior horn in the rat spinal cordSupported by U. S. Public Health Service grants NB-05850 and HE-09126. (1966)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 155 (1966), S. 629-641 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The region of the posterior horn of the spinal cord in the lumbosacral region of the rat was studied with the electron microscope. This zone contained neurons, astrocytes, oligodendrocytes and blood vessels. The neurons possessed irregular nuclei which occupied a large portion of the cell. The cytoplasm contained elaborate smooth surfaced membrane systems. The rough surfaced endoplasmic reticulum was small in amount and did not possess an orderly arrangement. Electron dense bodies were invariably found within the neurons. The morphological features, such as an extremely irregular nucleus and elaborate cisterns of smooth surfaced reticulum, indicate a well developed nucleocytoplasmic transport mechanism in the neuron. The vascularity of the area was evidenced by the presence of numerous blood vessels which generally had a perineuronal position. Pericytes were invariably found in close relationship to the endothelial cells of the blood vessels. The nucleus of the pericyte was remarkably dense. The cytoplasm of these cells was extremely attenuated and almost encircled the blood vessels.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091550414
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  • 165
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    The effect of retinol and retinoic acid on the morphology of the rat uterusThe investigation was supported by grants from the American Cancer Society and USPH-HD-01357. (1966)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 156 (1966), S. 5-9 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: At 20 days of age, 72 Holtzman rats were divided into six groups (10-14 rats/group) and were placed on a vitamin A-deficient diet. The animals in groups I and II were kept intact, while the animals in the remaining groups were ovariectomized at 20-22 days of age. The rats in groups I, III and V received a dietary supplement of retinoic acid (50 μg) while the diet of the animals in groups II, IV and VI was supplemented with retinol (25 μg). In addition to the dietary supplements the animals of groups V and VI were treated with estradiol dipropionate (1 μg). The dietary supplements and hormone were given three times per week. The rats were autopsied after 15 weeks on the experiment.In the intact rats of group I metaplastic changes were observed in the luminal and glandular epithelia. With the exception of two uterine sections showing small areas of squamous metaplasia in the glands, morphological alterations of the uterine epithelia were not observed in the rats of group II. Uterine metaplasia was not seen in the rats of groups III and IV. Extensive metaplastic changes were observed in the animals of group V. The endometria of the rats in group VI were lined primarily by high columnar cells, but a few uterine sections contained small foci of stratified squamous metaplasia.The results indicate that retinol is effective in preventing the morphological changes in the rat uterus due to vitamin A deficiency.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091560103
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  • 166
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    Morphological and histochemical changes in the intrahepatic bile drainage system of the mouse following postnatal cholecystectomyThis work is supported in part by Grant 2TICA-05007-09 of the United States Public Health Services and by Grant IN-45G of the American Cancer Society. A major part of this work has been presented at the seventy-ninth annual meeting of the American Association of Anatomists held in San Francisco. (1966)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 156 (1966), S. 55-65 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Effects of cholecystectomy at weaning upon the histological, histometrical and histochemical features of the intrahepatic bile drainage system were studied in young adult BUB mice of both sexes. The operation has, in 30 to 40 days, at least three different effects on various portions of the biliary system; (1) proliferative changes of interlobular bile ducts including very small ones, the cholangioles, (2) stimulation of activity of mucin secretion in the lining epithelium of large bile ducts and (3) increased alkaline phosphatase activity of bile canaliculi. In the light of known functions of the gall bladder, the proliferative changes of the interlobular bile ducts and the stimulated mucin secretion of the epithelium of large bile ducts are conceived to be developmental compensations for functions of the gall bladder. However, the increased bile canalicular phosphatase activity seems to indicate that such compensatory mechanism of the intrahepatic biliary system is only partially established at the time of observation.
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  • 167
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    A light and electron microscopic study of Kurloff bodies in the blood and spleen of the guinea pig (1966)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 156 (1966), S. 107-117 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The Kurloff body of guinea pig mononuclear leukocytes was studied by light and electron microscopy of blood and spleen. Electron microscopy disclosed the presence of extensively dilatedendoplasmic reticulum, clusters of small vesicles, and clumps of long parallel fibers in the cytoplasm. The osmiophilic inclusions contained many myelin figures, both around the periphery and free in the matrix. Evidence for motility of these cells was noted.Rods, filaments, and spheres seen in supravital preparations appear as myelin figures when seen with the electron microscope. Although historically considered, parasitism, nuclear extrusion and phagocytosis of cells are unlikely as causal in the formation of the inclusion. Being based on contradictable evidence, a lysosomal origin is doubted. The formative process isfelt to be either one of intracellular secretion or of a sequestering and concentration of a serum molecular component.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091560113
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  • 168
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    Cell movement, proliferation and death in the formation of the embryonic axis of the rabbitThis work supported by N.S.F. grant GB-4401. (1966)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 156 (1966), S. 123-127 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Rabbit blastocysts of ages six to eight days, post coitum were used to study the roles of cell proliferation, cell movement and cell death in the formation of the primary embryonic axis.Neutral red staining of local spots on the surface of cultured embryos provided information on the direction and speed of cell movement. Nile blue sulphate was used to detect necrotic cells in the embryonic areas. Mitotic indices were determined from counts made of the cells of serially sectioned embryos.It is concluded that the formation of the embryonic shield and primitive streak from the disc in the rabbit embryo is primarily achieved by migrations of cells that are being rapidly proliferated over the entire surface of the embryonic area. Cell death occurs but is an insignificant factor in this phase of embryonic growth.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091560202
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  • 169
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    The fine structure of elastic fibers in the fibrous periosteum of the rat femurThis investigation was supported in part by National Science Foundation grant G-16365, Public Health Service Research grant O-4748 from the National Institute of Arthritis and Metabolic Diseases and grant 4C-7113 from the National Cancer Institute. (1966)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 156 (1966), S. 129-141 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The fine structure of the elastic fibers found in the fibrous periosteum of the albino rat femur has been described. Tissues were fixed in 3% glutaraldehyde and/or phosphate buffered osmic acid, embedded in Epon, stained with lead citrate and examined in an RCA EMU 3F microscope. The elastic fiber in the layer of fibrous periosteum is found to be composed of an array of longitudinally arranged elastofibrils embedded in a matrix of electron dense amorphous material. On cross section some of these elastofibrils appear to be tubular, presenting a dense cortex and a less dense central or core area. Reasons for these elastofibrils not being clearly and conclusively visualized in previous studies are discussed.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091560203
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  • 170
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    The fine structure of the thrombocyte in the dogfish (Mustelus canis) with special reference to microtubule orientationThis work performed in part at the Marine Biological Laboratory, Woods Hole, Massachusetts.The investigation was supported in part by grants AI 03767, HE 10002-01 and HE 08172, National Institutes of Health, and by Boston University Graduate School. (1966)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 156 (1966), S. 203-214 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The cytoplasm of the dogfish (Mustelus canis) thrombocyte was found to contain microtubules. The tubules which measured 230 Å in diameter appeared singly and in groups. They were found in all parts of the cytoplasm but usually close to the perinuclear area. Similar arrangements of tubules were observed in eosinophils and hemoblasts, but not in the mature, smaller lymphocytes. The orientations of the perinuclear bundles frequently reflected the shape of the nuclei, appearing in furrows, indentations, and between lobes.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091560208
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  • 171
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    A rare variation of the inferior mesenteric artery in man (1966)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 156 (1966), S. 235-237 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: A case in which the inferior mesenteric artery arose from the superior mesenteric artery is recorded in the cadaver of a 76-year-old Caucasian male who had died of carcinoma of the lung.A review of the literature since 1736 indicates that this is an extremely rare abnormality.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091560211
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  • 172
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    Plasma membrane changes during keratinizationThis investigation was supported by U. S. Public Health Service General Research grant 1SO1 FR-05311-05.Most of the data in this paper was presented at the 44th General Meeting of the International Association of Dental Research in Miami Beach, Florida, on March 24-27, 1966. (1966)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 156 (1966), S. 269-281 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Numerous electron microscopic studies have demonstrated that the plasma membranes of keratinizing epithelial cells undergo striking morphological changes. From a more or less symmetrical, trilaminar structure similar to that described for most cells, the membrane undergoes a marked increase in thickness and becomes highly resistant and impervious to the action of strong reagents. In the present electron microscopic study on rat tongue epithelium, this membrane thicken-ing was observed to begin by the appearance within cells of a moderately dense band of material, about 100 A thick, in the peripheral cytoplasm against the intracyto-plasmic face of the plasma membrane. This peripheral dense band was observed in epithelial cells each of which still possessed a nucleus and all its usual cytoplasmic organelles. Following its initial appearance, this peripheral intracytoplasmic band increased in density so that it became indistinguishable from the inner layer of the plasma membrane. The electron microscopic image at this stage gave the impression that the inner layer of the plasma membrane had undergone a considerable increase in thickness, whereas the outer and middle layers had remained essentially unchanged. Finally, in fully keratinized cells, the outer layer of the plasma membrane was not always demonstrable, so that in these cells the plasma membrane seemed to be composed of a single thick, dense layer of membrane material. The possible implications of these membrane alterations in the total process of keratinization are discussed.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091560304
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  • 173
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    The identification of acidophilic cells in the human Pars distalisResearch supported by grant HD 00557 from National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health. (1966)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 156 (1966), S. 347-360 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Sections of human hypophyses were fixed in either formalin or Bouin's fluid and stained by a variety of acid stains. The stains were employed singly, in combination with each other and in conjunction with various mucoid staining procedures. After these procedures the chromophils of the pars distalis were classified as either acidophilic, mucoid, acidophilic-mucoid, modified or degranulated. The remaining cells which lacked specific chromophilic granules were classified as chromophobes.The acidophils after the terminology of Ezrin were designated as cell types I, II and VIII which correspond to the alpha, eta and epsilon cells of Romeis.Numerous, carminophilic type I cells were present in glands of all ages. Although usually pyramidal or oval in shape they also exhibited a variety of morphologic forms. The type I cells were further subdivided into small, light and dark cells on the basis of size and nuclear characteristics. The type II cell although present in all glands was most frequently observed in fetal and post-menopausal pituitaries. It was tinctorially identified by the prominent staining of its cytoplasmic granules with erythrosin.The type VIII cell exhibited staining properties intermediate between cell types I and II. On the basis of tinctorial and morphologic properties it was tentatively identified as a modified type I or type II cell.
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    A study of the rat thyroid during perinatal days with observations of compensatory changes following unilateral thyroidectomyThis work was supported by U.S.P.H.S. Research grant TW 00161 from the National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland. (1966)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 156 (1966), S. 415-421 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Measurements of volume of the thyroid, diameter of follicles and height of follicular cells were made under normal or experimental condition of unilateral thyroidectomy in late fetal and newborn rats. During perinatal days, the thyroid did not enlarge, the diameter of follicles was reduced and the height of follicular cells lowered. Unilateral thyroidectomy in fetuses on day 20 of pregnancy caused two days later a significant increase in the ratio of the volume of remaining lobe of thyroid to body weight. The height of follicular cells was increased in a unilaterally thyroidectomized fetus when compared with that in a litter-mate control fetus. In newborn rats, the unilateral thyroidectomy on day 1 of life also caused two days later a significant increase, though less than that observed in fetuses, in the ratio of thyroid volume to body weight. The height of follicular cells was not increased.The observations support the view that in the rat the pituitary-thyroid system begins to function before birth and that the founctioning of the system is slightly reduced just after birth.
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    Distribution and fine structure of globule leucocytes in respiratory and digestive tracts of the laboratory ratSupported by N.S.F. Science Faculty Fellowship, by U.S.P.H.S. grant 10202, and by N.S.F. grant G5671. (1966)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 156 (1966), S. 439-453 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Study of an unselected population of adult laboratory rats demonstrates the presence of globule leucocytes in the bronchioles, bronchi, trachea, larynx and oropharynx. In the digestive tract, these leucocytes are seldom found in the antral part of the stomach but are abundant in the glandular stomach where they have been confused with mast cells. Numerous globule leucocytes also occur in the large and small intestines. Although most of these leucocytes are located in the epithelium rather than the connective tissue of themucous membranes of these organs, this pattern is reversed in the small intestine of normal rats. Globule leucocytes are present in essentially normal numbers in the trachea and larynx of axenic rats, but are less abundant than normal in the small intestine of these animals. The fine structure of the globule leucocyte and its characteristic inclusions is compared with that of other similar or possibly related cells and with that of the globule leucocyte of the fowl described recently by Toner.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091560408
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  • 176
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    The heart weight and ventricular weights of normal adult albino rats (1966)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 156 (1966), S. 461-464 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The heart weight as well as the heart weight-body weight ratios of 264 adult albino rats, 155 males and 109 females were analyzed. The large rats have significantly heavier hearts than small rats, but small adults have on the average significantly higher heart weight-body weight ratios than large adults.The heart was partitioned and the ventricle weight-body weight ratio was also determined. As would be expected boty the right and the left ventricles are heavier in large rats than in small rats. However, the small rats have on the average a significantly higher ventricle weight-body weight ratio than large animals.Since there are highly significant differences between the weight of the heart of large and small animals, if heart weights are used in experimental work, rather than heart weight-body weight ratios, the animals should have a narrow body weight range.It is thought that these data may be helpful to those who work on the heart of the rat.
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    Ultrastructural studies on early elastogenesisThis study constitutes publication no. 171 from the Oregon Regional Primate Research Center, supported in part by grant FR 00163 from the National Institutes of Health, and in part by U.S.P.H.S. grant AM-06318-02 to Dr. D. S. Jackson, in whose laboratory some of the work was performed. L. B. Sandberg is a Postdoctoral Fellow of the U. S. Public Health Service. E. G. Cleary is an Overseas Fellow of the National Heart Foundation of Australia. (1966)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 155 (1966), S. 563-575 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Elastogenesis in the ligamentum nuchae of the fetal calf commences with the extracellular deposition of hollow-appearing filaments, 130 Å in diameter, showing a banding pattern consisting of alternating segments, 50 Å and 130 Å long, respectively. Similar filaments are found in the crude extract of the ligament. Mature elastin forms within these masses of filaments and displays an internal, branching tangle of 30 Å filaments. Elastogenesis is accompanied by a high level of cellular activity involving acanthosomes, which have been interpreted as a mechanism of secretion of protein-polysaccharide complexes.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091550409
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    Masthead (1966)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 156 (1966) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091560101
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  • 179
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    Differences in internal structure and nerve terminals of the slow and twitch muscle fibers in the cat superior oblique (1966)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 154 (1966), S. 243-251 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Measurements of nerve fiber size in the trochlear nerve indicate that many small nerve fibers are present which could serve as the small nerve motor supply for innervation of the slow muscle fibers in the superior oblique of the cat. Twitch and slow muscle fibers in the superior oblique muscle of the cat have been examined in the electron microscope. In twitch fibers, triads consisting of the transverse tubule and dilated sacs of the sarcoplasmic reticulum occur at the level of junction of A and I bands. In the slow fibers, the sarcoplasmic reticulum is reduced in amount and the transverse tubular system is completely absent. The junctional folds of the postsynaptic membrane of the muscle fiber under the nerve terminal of a twitch fiber are present, although not extensive; in slow fibers, these postjunctional sarcolemmal folds are essentially absent. Some physiological implications of these differences in fine structure of twitch and slow fibers and their respective nerve terminals are discussed.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091540207
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    Studies of the rings of henle associated with collagenous bundles in human and calf skinSupported by United States Public Health Service grant AM 02469. (1966)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 154 (1966), S. 513-525 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The nature of Henle's rings, which are the highly refractile constricting fibers seen around chemically swollen collagen, has long been in dispute. Several theories can be found in the literature to account for this phenomenon. Henle's rings were abundant in oxhide and calfskin, but were rarely seen in human skin. They did not stain with any of the common elastic tissue stains. Reactions of Henle's rings, collagen fibers, and elastic fibers in purified hexosamine-free collagen of oxhide, fresh calfskin, fresh human abdominal skin, and ligamentum nuchae were compared using microscopic heat reactions both before and after chemical enzymatic treatment. Solutions used were 50% glycerin, glacial formic acid, 1 N NaOH, 0.1 N acetic acid, 3 N acetic acid, elastase, collagenase, pepsin, and hyaluronidase. The conclusions reached were that Henle's rings are not elastin, mucoid, or protoplasmic in nature but closely resemble a nonswelling collagen, probably reticulin. Henle's rings are very rare in human skin, but after digestion with elastase or treatment with NaOH, long, curving, poorly swelling fibers are seen which react like collagen in other respects. Henle's rings in oxhide varied in diameter from 24 μ up to several hundred microns. They seemed to be made up of fine fibrillae as seen with the phase-contrast microscope. The fluorescent colors of Henle's rings with various filters differed from the fluorescent colors of elastic fibers. Attempts to stain them with silver were not successful.
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    Histological observations on the ovary of the white-tailed mole, Parascaptor leucurus (1966)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 154 (1966), S. 527-531 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The ovarian histology of Parascaptor leucurus, the white-tailed mole, is very similar to that of Talpa europeaa, especially with reference to the presence of two zones: (1) an ovigerous, or female, zone, and (2) an interstitial-cell, or male-like, zone. The ovigerous zone contains the follicles and corpora lutea. This pole of the ovary only is covered with a germinal epithelium. The interstitial-cell zone is made up entirely of islands of interstitial cells and of very short testis-like tubules, the so-called medullary follicles.Follicular growth appears to follow the conventional mammalian pattern.Sections of the medullary follicles have an appearance very similar to those of seminiferous tubules of late fetal and early postnatal testes in cellular make-up and relation to the rete tubules.Evidence is presented that suggests the occurrence of delayed implantation in this genus.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091540303
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    Acetylcholinesterase-acetylcholine, an enzyme system essential to rhythmicity in the preneural embryonic chick heartThis investigation was made possible by NIH grant HWO3565-08. (1966)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 154 (1966), S. 675-683 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The problem was to prove that without acetylcholine or acetylcholinesterase it is impossible for the heart to originate an impulse. Fifty to sixty-five-hour old embryonic chick hearts were chosen for study because this age range antedates the period when nerve fibers reach the heart. Electrocardiograms were taken on hearts in lying drops before, during and after changes of media. The diluent in all cases was Tyrode solution of pH 7.4, and the temperature was 31 to 32°C.Hearts react to acetylcholinesterase as follows: the PR interval increases; AV block and complete stoppage of the ventricle occur; finally the sinu-atrium stops and the heart is completely quiescent. The process can be reversed and normal activity restored by adding acetylcholine, proof that acetylcholine is necessary for rhythmicity.Hearts react to eserine, an inhibitor of acetylcholinesterase as follows: the amplitude of the P wave and QRS complex is reduced; the PR interval is eliminated; a single wave, the “cardiac wave” emerges even though visibly both atrium and ventricle are beating; the heart finally stops. The hearts can be returned to complete normality by washing out the eserine with Tyrode solution. From this we conclude that acetylcholinesterase is also necessary for rhythmicity.
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    Persistent urachus  -  an observation in miniature swine (1966)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 154 (1966), S. 701-703 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The embryology and anatomy of the urachus has been described and documented in some mammals. Though rare, the anomalies associated with the urachus represent such a hazard to life that, in man at least, the incidence and treatment have been recorded regularly. Documentation of the presence of the persistent urachus in animals was not as complete. References in recent literature described the anomalous urachus in only a few dogs, cows, and horses.This study reported an impervious urachal canal from the urinary bladder to the umbilicus in a female “miniature” pig of the Pitman-Moore strain. The urachus observed was similar to previous descriptions given for domestic swine and other species but was reported because of the increasing use of swine as laboratory animals and the dearth of specific information in the literature concerning these animals.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091540315
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    Cerebral cell population under hypoxiaSupported by grant NB 04992-4 N.I.H. (1966)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 154 (1966), S. 841-845 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Three pregnant albino Sprague-Dawley rats were subjected to simulated high altitudes of 18,000 feet (365 mm Hg) in low pressure chambers during their entire pregnancy. The brains of the newborn rats were removed immediately after birth and placed in 10% formalin. The brains were sectioned, stained, and analyzed for changes in the number of cells in the cerebral cortex of the frontal lobes. An equal volume of control material was similarly prepared and analyzed. A volume of tissue of about one-fourth cubic millimeter was used in the control and in the experimental tissue. The results indicated a 19.29% increase in the number of cells in the frontal cortex of newborn rats subjected to simulated high altitude anoxia. This increase is believed to be due to a proliferation of glial elements in the areas of the cortex which were studied. The cell hyperplasia seen here may be a response to physiological stresses placed upon the fetus by maternal anoxia.
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  • 185
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    The distribution of vitamin C in the human fetus. Histochemical observations (1966)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 154 (1966), S. 831-839 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The distribution of ascorbic acid in 17 tissues and organs of 20 human fetuses (10-23 weeks of age), was studied histochemically by means of the silver nitrate technic. The metallic silver precipitates which were formed by silver nitrate reduction by ascorbic acid could only be uniformly seen in tissues where quantitative biochemical studies indicated the concentration to be greater than 10 mg/100 gm of tissue. The human fetus derives its supply of ascorbic acid from maternal sources and there were no significant differences between the youngest (10 weeks) and oldest fetuses (23 weeks) studied. The concentration and uniformity of distribution of ascorbic acid throughout the organ was most conspicuous in the adrenal and thyroid gland, liver and the proximal convoluted tubules of the kidneys. In the pancreas no ascorbic acid was found in Islet cells but occasional alveolar cells were filled with precipitates. Fine granulation was observed in germ cells of the gonads and heavier accumulation in the follicular supporting cells and interstitial cells of Leydig. Muscle fibers did not reveal granulation but perivascular connective tissue cells in muscle and glands were occasionally heavily granulated.
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  • 186
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    Ultrastructural and cytochemical changes in spermatogonia and Sertoli cells of whole-body irradiated miceThis work was done thanks to the contract Euratom/C.E.N., 053-64-3 BIOB and thanks to grants from the Fonds de la Recherche Scientifique Fondamentale Collective. (1966)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 155 (1966), S. 15-31 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Adult male mice of CBA/C57 B1 strain received a whole-body x-irradiation of 400 r. The ultrastructural and cytochemical changes of the spermatogonia and of the Sertoli cells were studied throughout the first 48 hours after this irradiation. Tissues were fixed in osmium tetroxide or glutaraldehyde. The acid phosphatase reaction was carried out using a slightly modified Gomori medium. The first changes observed in spermatogonia were: dilatations of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum, moderate enlargement of the mitochondria and swelling of the nuclear membranes. In a later stage, the injured spermatogonia were phagocytized by the adjoining Sertoli cells, where the complete involution took place. The study of the acid phosphatase localization showed that the numerous dense bodies, appearing in the Sertoli cells in the first hours after irradiation, were heavily loaded with reaction product. They seemed to take an important part in the resorption of the phagocytized spermatogonia. These results were compared with findings of other authors.
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  • 187
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    Cells with filopodia cultured from human synovialisSupported in part by grant AM-02520 from the National Institute of Arthritis and Metabolic Diseases, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, and by private funds from Southwestern Clinic and Research Institute, Inc. (1966)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 154 (1966), S. 73-79 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: In Rose chamber primary explant cultures of synovialis from 11 patients, large cells with motile filopodia have been observed and documented by both still and cinéphotomicrographs. Frequently the tips of the filopodia are attached to the glass surface of the cover slip in the Rose chamber. A continuous, tremulous motility is referred from this point of attachment to the cell itself. Mitosis has not been observed in the cells with filopodia although they have persisted in culture for as long as 171 days. Explants from a total of 376 individuals have been studied: 144 from rheumatoid arthritis patients and 232 from nonrheumatoid patients. Cells with filopodia were observed from only 11 explants (2.9%): eight were rheumatoid; and three were nonrheumatoid.
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    The fine structure of iridial constrictor pupillae muscle of Alligator mississippiensisSupported by U.S.P.H.S. grant NB-01528 and Research Career Development Award 9-K3-NB-15,255.The author wishes to express his grateful appreciation for the technical assistance given by Miss Gabrielle Rouiller and Miss Ann Barnett during the course of this investigation. (1966)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 155 (1966), S. 197-215 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The iridial constrictor pupillae muscle of Alligator mississippiensis is found to consist of admixed smooth, myoblast-like, and striated muscle cells. Melanophores, bundles of collagen fibrils, nerve cell processes, and smooth muscle cells, which contain melanin granules, are found scattered in the constrictor pupillae muscle. Protoplasmic bridges are present between myoblast-like cells and between myoblast-like and striated muscle cells. Myoblast-like cells contain agranular reticulum, free ribosomes and randomly scattered, or longitudinally oriented filaments of two sizes (50-100 A and 200-250 A). Free ribosomes are found individually and in clusters of 5 to 10. The agranular reticulum is found as anastomosing tubule-shaped and cisternal elements. The striated muscle fibers consist of myofibrillae and a poorly organized sarcoplasmic reticulum and T system, such that triads and diads are not precisely ordered, but randomly scattered throughout the muscle fiber.This data is discussed in terms of the differentiation and function of striated muscle. On the basis of the disposition of triads and dyads it is concluded that the striated muscle of the constrictor pupillae muscle of Alligator mississippiensis is a slow-acting rather than fast-acting muscle.
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    An electromyographic analysis of certain movements and exercises. I. some deep muscles of the backA film presentation of this material was made at the 78th Annual Session of the American Association of Anatomists in Miami, Florida, March, 1965 and at the 8th International Congress of Anatomists in Wiesbaden, Germany, August, 1965.Supported by Public Health Service grant AM 08310-02, from the National Institute of Arthritis and Metabolic Diseases. (1966)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 155 (1966), S. 223-234 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Pairs of fine wire electrodes were inserted by means of hypodermic needles 1 cm apart into the semispinalis capitis, semispinalis cervicis, spinalis, longissimus, iliocostalis lumborum, main mass of the erector spinae between the ilium and the twelfth rib, the multifidus and glutenus maximus of 20 young men and women.Each pair of electrodes was connected to an EMG integrator coupler in an 8-channel recorder. Because the integrated electromyogram is displayed as a deviation from the baseline proportional to the strength of the muscle contraction, it was possible to appraise the relative contributions made by different muscles to any given movement or exercise. By this method simultaneous recordings were made from the muscles while the subjects flexed, extended, hyperextended, abducted and adducted the trunk from the orthograde position; walked on a treadmill, lifted weights; and performed certain exercises recommended by the President's Council on Adult Physical Fitness. Many exercises were compared, and the best ones were selected on the basis of the strength of the contractions they produced. The best exercises for strengthening the deep muscles of the back were those that involved hyperextension of the back from the prone position.Contrary to current opinion, the erector spinae is not active during abduction or adduction of the trunk from the orthograde position if the body is maintained in the frontal plane.The integrated electromyogram is an excellent tool for the evaluation of exercises.
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    Internal hernia of embryological origin (1966)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 155 (1966), S. 279-285 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: An anatomical specimen is described in which a considerable part of the small bowel had, apparently, in its return to the abdomen during fetal development invaginated the descending mesocolon and that of the left half of the transverse colon, thus producing a large internal hernia. The ascending branch of the left colic artery and the inferior mesenteric vein were in the neck of the sac, anterior to the loops of bowel entering and emerging from the sac. These relationships were obscured by the fact that there was a broad adhesive band extending from the mesentery of the free loops of small intestine to the descending colon, thus bridging over the vessels. The relationships referred to and as shown in the drawings, which include a cross-sectional view, would indicate that the mechanism of production of the hernia was as suggested and that there were in fact four layers of peritoneum in the anterior wall of the sac.
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  • 191
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    The leydig cell in larval amphibian epidermis. Fine structure and function (1966)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 154 (1966), S. 685-699 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The large, presumably mucus and/or fluid secreting cells of Leydig have been studied in the epidermis of the newt, Taricha torosa, by light and electron microscopy. Mitotic activity in visibly differentiated Leydig cells results in their increasing numbers so that by mid-larval stages they comprise the major cellular component of tailfin skin. Subsequently, the number of these cells diminishes as the epidermis thickens; their final disappearance coincides with metamorphosis and epidermal cornification. During the course of larval life, clear vesicles within Leydig cell cytoplasm accumulate granular material and, in time, assume the morphology of typical mucous aggregates. Concomitantly, the cytoplasm progressively becomes clear in appearance and nearly devoid of organelles.The surface of larval skin is normally provided with a thin mucous coat by continual production on the part of apical epidermal cells. When this surface is exposed to air, observation over a period of time reveals that the outer mucous coat hardens rapidly. There is no indication that additional fluid or mucus is provided to the drying surface from Leydig cells. Rather, light and electron micrographs of epidermis after various degrees of desiccation suggest that Leydig cells do respond to drying, but do so by adding fluid and perhaps mucous material to subsurface, extracellular compartments of the epidermis. The concept that Leydig cells provide an internal fluid reserve is discussed in relation to epidermal development and prevailing physiological and structural evidence bearing on intercellular compartments.
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    Aging on mast cells and plasmacytes in the brain of hamsters (1966)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 154 (1966), S. 727-739 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Mast cells occurred along the internal cerebral veins in the brain of 55 female and 75 male Syrian hamsters, 35 to 844 days old. Observations on serial parasagittal sections stained with toluidin blue indicated that the largest aggregation of mast cells was in the arachnoid layer between the velum interpositum near the origin of the internal cerebral veins. Mast cells were aligned along short segments of thalamic veins usually near their entrances into the internal cerebral vein or along capillaries in the thalamus of 28 of 45 hamsters, 500 to 844 days old, but were absent in the thalamus of the 17 less than 200 days old. Mast cells and plasmacytes were present in the choroid plexuses of the lateral and third ventricles in 29 of 41, 521 to 844 days old, but were not found in the choroid plexuses of 42 hamsters, 35 to 381 days old, Plasmacytes but no mast cells occurred in the subfornical organ of 18 of 26, 500 to 775 days old and in only 1 of 13 less than a year old. Hibernation, binding of biogenic amines, and vasodilation are topics of discussion on the significance of heparin and histamine in mast cells.
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    Fertilization and early development after radiocobalt irradiation of rabbit oocytes and sperm in the female tract (1966)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 154 (1966), S. 713-725 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: One hundred and seven female rabbits were divided into three groups and irradiated with 400 r from a radiocobalt source. The first group (71 animals) was irradiated before or 4-12 hours after mating and an ovulating injection of H.C.G. The second group (27 animals) were irradiated at about the same time after injection but inseminated after irradiation. The third group (9 animals) were inseminated with spermatozoa which had been irradiated in other females.The ova were recovered at various times for the determination of fertilization, cleavage, and blastocyst formation. Groups of animals were autopsied 14 or 29 days later for the determination of fetal development. The fertilization rate was not disturbed whether sperm, oocytes, or both were irradiated. The disturbance of nuclear material, the aberration of chromosomes, the retardation of cleavage, the fragmentation of cytoplasm, and the failure of blastocyst formation and embryonic development were observed especially whenever oocytes were irradiated. Irradiation of oocytes before mating and injection appeared to be less harmful but no differential effects were observed when irradiation was at 4, 6, 8, 10 or 12 hours after ovulating injection or when oocytes alone or both the oocytes and sperm were irradiated, probably due to the dosage being too high. Irradiation of sperm in the female tract was less harmful, normal blastocysts and apparently normal fetuses were obtained when nonirradiated ova were fertilized by such spermatozoa.
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    Electron microscopy of erythropoiesis in the avian yolk sacThis investigation was supported by Public Health Service Research grant CA-03458-07 from the National Cancer Institute and by Public Health Service Training grant 2G-407 from the National Institute of General Medical Sciences.This paper was prepared from data in a dissertation submitted to the Faculty of the Graduate School of the State University of New York at Buffalo in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy. (1966)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 154 (1966), S. 785-805 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The formation of the first blood cells which develop in the area vasculosa of the chick embryo have been examined to seven days of incubation. Angioblasts have been seen to arise from the mesoderm and to give origin to the first endothelium and intravascular blood islands. This occurs as the intercellular spaces enlarge and coalesce. The angioblasts and blood islands are not syncytial but are held in close relation by attachment areas and cytoplasmic processes. Two cell types arise concurrently from the blood islands, a stem cell and cells which have begun their differentiation into the primitive red cell series. The morphological events associated with this differentiation are similar to those in other hematopoietic organs. The definitive series of red blood cells arises from the stem cells at 4 to 5 days of incubation. The morphological differentiation of the definitive red cell is generally similar to that of the primitive series although the late and mature stages show structural differences. Nuclear structure, relation of interchromatin material to nuclear pores and the presence of marginal bands in the definitive series allow a differentiation between the two series.Granulocytes arise from extravascular stem cells at about five days of incubation but at seven days are not fully mature or abundant.Limited observations on the avian thrombocyte are reported.
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    Masthead (1966)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 155 (1966) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091550101
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  • 196
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    Masthead (1966)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 155 (1966) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091550401
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    Diagnosis of pregnancy in the squirrel monkeyThis research was supported by grant HD 00840 from the U.S.P.H.S. to Drs. Leonard A. Rosenblum and I. Charles Kaufman. The authors wish to thank Francis J. Hemrick for his assistance in carrying out this project. (1966)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 155 (1966), S. 531-535 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Diagnostic pregnancy assessments have been carried out in 18 squirrel monkey females using Delfs' method for chorionic gonadotropin bioassay palpatory, x-ray and other auxiliary techniques. Out of the 24 bioassay tests performed, 11 were positive (one of them weakly positive) and 13 negative. These results were confirmed by the other parallel measures, except in two cases of possible false positive reactions. No false negative results were noted. The implications of the results are discussed in terms of the sensitivity and reliability of the bioassay in the early diagnosis of pregnancy in the squirrel monkey.
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    Hearts and blood vessels of mice receiving cortisone and estrogensSupported by grants from the National Institutes of Health, U.S.P.H.S., HE-04052 and 07318 and Institutional Research grant FR 05086, and from the Mississippi Heart Association. (1966)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 155 (1966), S. 551-561 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Mice received cortisone alone or concurrently with injections of estrone or diethylstilbestrol.Cortisone alone produced a high incidence of myocardial necrosis and abscesses in hearts, livers, lungs and kidneys. Staining and culture methods showed bacteria in these abscesses. The same technics failed to show infections in the mice receiving estrogen. Unrelated to other lesions the ventricular myocardium and walls of coronary arteries often contained accumulations of fat. Following concurrent injections of cortisone and an estrogen (estrone or diethylstilbestrol) the incidence of medial hyalinization of coronary arteries was 90%-98%. Edema, hemorrhage and hyalinization were observed in the aorta. In the cortisone plus estrogen groups such mural lesions of vessels developed in the absence of bacterial infection as studied by the above methods. The same was true when such infections were prevented by penicillin. The incidence of inflammatory lesions was less in mice receiving both cortisone and estrogen than in the cortisone (alone) group. Frequency of cortisone-induced myocardial necrosis and accumulation of myocardial fat were not altered by the estrogens.
    Additional Material: 2 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091550408
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    Observations on the pilot whale Globicephala melaena: Organweight and growthThis study was supported in part by a grant from the Arctic Institute of North America, Montreal, and in part by Medical Research Council of Canada Grant-in-aid MT 60. (1966)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 155 (1966), S. 623-628 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The organ weights of 55 Pilot whales (Globicephala melaena) of known age, sex and length were determined by direct measurement. These weights were compared with body length and statistical analysis demonstrated a high degree of correlation between non-endocrine organ weight and body length, and by extension with body weight. Non-endocrine organs are not significantly related (p〉0.1). Graphs demonstrated the essentially parabolic nature of the weight and growth curves.Statements regarding organ weights in this, and presumably in related species are meaningless unless taken in conjunction with either body length or weight.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091550413
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    Effects of cortisone acetate upon hydration of embryonic palate in two inbred strains of mice (1966)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 156 (1966), S. 1-4 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: An absolute and relative loss of water was recorded in 169 palates derived from the offspring of cortisone treated and control mice. Experimental sample consisted of 38 time-pregnant females of A/Jax and C57BL inbred strains. Animals were killed on thirteen and one-third, fifteen and one-third or eighteen and one-third day of gestation and the fetuses were removed by laparotomy. Palatine shelves were dissected, weighed, desiccated and weighed again, under standardized conditions. The results tend to confirm the hypothesis that cortisone-induced mechanical incompetence of embryonic palate may be associated with disturbed water metabolism and diminished cohesion of the tissues. It has been proposed that the observed differences of response of each strain to teratogenic and palatal edema-inducing action of cortisone may be based upon genetically controlled metabolic polymorphism which determines the pathway of cortisone biotransformation and decay in the tissues.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091560102
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