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  • 1985-1989
  • 1975-1979  (166)
  • 1940-1944
  • 1976  (166)
  • Engineering General  (143)
  • pharmacokinetics
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Comparison of the half-life of antipyrine in plasma, whole blood and saliva of man (1976)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 9 (1976), S. 327-332 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: Antipyrine ; pharmacokinetics ; half-life ; blood ; plasma ; saliva ; individual variation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary A previously described GLC method has been modified and applied to measurement of antipyrine levels in plasma, blood and saliva of man following administration of a single oral dose (10 mg/kg). The levels in blood and saliva were comparable to those in plasma at every time studied. The half life of antipyrine determined in blood, plasma or saliva in any given individual was similar. The intersubject variation in half-life was about two-fold (n=5). Antipyrine levels in saliva were not affected by the rate of saliva flow when collections were made continuously for 20 minutes. This study has demonstrated that kinetic data about antipyrine comparable to that from plasma may also be obtained from readily accessible tissue fluids, such as saliva and capillary blood.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00561668
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Interindividual differences in chlorthalidone concentration in plasma and red cells of man after single and multiple doses (1976)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 9 (1976), S. 319-325 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: Chlorthalidone ; diuretics ; drug plasma concentration ; protein binding ; red blood-cell concentration ; pharmacokinetics
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary A gas chromatographic method has been employed to determine chlorthalidone in plasma and whole blood after therapeutic doses. Radioactively labelled chlorthalidone was used for in vitro studies of the uptake of chlorthalidone from plasma by red blood cells. Chlorthalidone was markedly concentrated in red cells and as a compartment they would account for at least 30% of total drug in the body after multiple doses. The ratio between the plasma and red cell concentration of chlorthalidone varied between individuals. After a single oral dose of 50 mg in 6 healthy volunteers chlorthalidone was eliminated with a half-life of 51 to 89 hours. The apparent volume of distribution varied between 3 and 13 1/kg and the clearance between 53 and 145 ml/min. The mean steady-state plasma concentrations during treatment with a standard dose of 50 mg daily (n=10) varied 5-fold between individuals. During the steady state approximately 50% of the daily dose was excreted unchanged in the urine during 24 hrs. The plasma levels observed in patients were higher than those predicted from the single oral dose studies in healthy volunteers.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00561667
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Observations on the efficacy and pharmacokinetics of sotalol after oral administration (1976)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 9 (1976), S. 367-372 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: Sotalol ; β-adrenoceptor blocking drugs ; exercise tachycardia ; efficacy ; pharmacokinetics
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The effects of sotalol after oral administration were measured on the tachycardia induced by strenuous exercise in normal subjects. Plasma sotalol levels were also determined. The oral administration of sotalol (50, 100, 200 and 400 mg) to 6 subjects produced a progressive reduction in the tachycardia induced by severe exercise. This was similar to the effects of 25, 50, 100, 200, 400 and 800 mg given to different subjects. Each increase in sotalol dose produced a successively greater reduction in exercise tachycardia. This did not appear to be maximum even with 800 mg. Oral sotalol was rapidly absorbed and produced peak blood levels in 2 – 3 hours. The plasma levels of sotalol measured 2 hours after the oral administration of 25 to 800 mg showed never more than a six-fold variation between different subjects. The half-life of sotalol in plasma was 12.7 ± SE 1.6 hours. There was a significant correlation between the logarithm of the plasma sotalol concentration and the percentage reduction of exercise heart rate. It is concluded that the oral administration of sotalol either once or twice daily (depending on dose level) will provide satisfactory 24-hour blockade of β-adrenoceptors.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00606550
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Pharmacokinetics and relative bioavailability of cyclobarbital calcium in man after oral administration (1976)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 9 (1976), S. 443-450 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: Cyclobarbital calcium ; pharmacokinetics ; plasma concentration ; relative bioavailability ; oral administration
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The pharmacokinetics and relative bioavailability of cyclobarbital calcium have been studied after oral administration of Phanodorm, of tablets according to the Formularium Nederlandse Apothekers (1968; FNA), and an aqueous solution. Six healthy volunteers participated in the investigation on three occasions and each received the three preparations. The dose administered was 300 mg cyclobarbital calcium. Plasma concentrations of cyclobarbital were determined at regular intervals. Absorption from the three preparations was rapid and was faster from the solution. Peak concentrations were usually attained within 1 h. The elimination of cyclobarbital could be described by a single first-order process with an average half-life of 11.6 h (range 8 – 17 h). There was little intra-subject variation of the half-life. Relative bioavailability for each volunteer was estimated by comparing the areas under the plasma concentration curves. The FNA-tablets and Phanodorm exhibited similar bioavailability, whereas the average bioavailability of the solution was 78% of that of FNA-tablets; the reason for this unexpected finding is unknown. It was concluded that cyclobarbital cannot be regarded as a uniformly suitable drug for the treatment of insomnia. The long half-life that was apparent in some of the volunteers (15 – 17 h) creates a substantial risk of residual effects on the following morning. In principle, however, the calcium salt of cyclobarbital may be used for induction of sleep, because of its rapid absorption.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00606563
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Clinical pharmacokinetics of sisomicin: Two-compartment model analysis of serum data after I.V. and I.M. administration (1976)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 10 (1976), S. 251-256 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: Sisomicin ; pharmacokinetics ; bioavailability ; two-compartment analysis ; man
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The pharmacokinetics of sisomicin, a new single component aminoglycoside antibiotic related to gentamicin c1a, were determined in four healthy volunteers after intravenous and intramuscular administration of a 1 mg/kg dose. The elimination profile of this antibiotic follows two-compartment model kinetics after I.V. administration. The fast (α) and slow (β) disposition rate constants averaged 0.072 and 0.004 min−1, respectively. The volume of distribution at the steady-state averaged 0.185 liters/kg which approximately corresponds to the volume of extracellular space. The physiological availability of an intramuscular dose appeared to be complete. A method of administration adapted to the kinetic properties of the drug is proposed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00558337
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Studies on hydralazine (1976)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 10 (1976), S. 311-317 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: Hydralazine ; instability of impaired renal function ; pharmacokinetics
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Following a single 50 mg dose of hydralazine (Apresoline®) in 13 patients with impaired renal function, a decrease in glomerular filtration rate (GFR) was correlated with an increase in serum half-life (T1/2) of the drug (r=−0.69; p〈0.01). The T1/2 was 15.8 h in one patient with a GFR of 16 ml·min−1, as compared to a T1/2 of 1.7–3.0 h found previously in 16 healthy volunteers. In 49 patients on long-term antihypertensive treatment with hydralazine, the ratio between the minimum steady-state drug concentration and the daily dose of hydralazine (C SS min : Dose) increased as the GFR decreased. This accumulation of the drug was particularly evident in patients with a GFR less than 30 ml·min−1 (r=−0.63; p〈0.01; n=19). As renal excretion of unchanged hydralazine is generally regarded as unimportant, the slower elimination rate in chronic renal failure was probably caused by a slower rate of metabolic conversion. It was found, however, that the renal excretion of hydralazine could easily have been underestimated, as only 12.7% of an initial hydralazine concentration of 200 ng·ml−1 in urine could be recovered after storage of the samples at room temperature for 24 h.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00565619
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Influence of sex on the clinical pharmacology of flutiorex, a new anorectic drug (1976)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 10 (1976), S. 325-330 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: Flutiorex ; pharmacokinetics ; sex ; anorectic agent ; sympathetic stimulation ; CNS stimulation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The effects of flutiorex, a new anorectic agent, and of a placebo on food intake and the activity of the sympathetic and central nervous systems have been compared in a double blind trial in two groups of healthy volunteers, one of five males and the other of five females. Flutiorex 20 mg orally had a significant anorectic effect both in males and females, the observed reduction in food intake being 34.0 and 27.5%, respectively. It caused α-adrenergic stimulation (blood pressure and pupil diameter) and central nervous system excitation (critical flicker frequency), both of which were more marked in males than in females. Flutiorex was better tolerated by women than by men. Measurement of the blood level of flutiorex and its de-ethylated metabolite, norflutiorex, showed that both compounds were detectable in four of the five male subjects, but in only one of the five females. Sex-linked differences in the pharmacokinetics of flutiorex may explain the greater intensity of its effects in males.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00565621
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Serum concentrations of methaqualone after repeated oral doses of a combination formulation to human subjects (1976)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 10 (1976), S. 343-347 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: Methaqualone ; hypnotic ; pharmacokinetics ; combination formulation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Concentrations of methaqualone have been measured in the serum of five male human subjects receiving five consecutive evening doses of a combination formulation containing methaqualone (250 mg), carbromal (300 mg) and benactyzine (0.33 mg) in each tablet. After administration of the first dose, mean peak serum concentrations of methaqualone (1.2 µg/ml) occurred at 3 h. After obtaining peak levels, mean concentrations of methaqualone declined rapidly during the next 6 h and there-after more slowly during the next 18 h. After administration of the last (fifth) dose, mean peak serum concentrations of methaqualone (1.9 µg/ml; 1.5 µg/ml above the predose level) occurred at 2 h. After attaining peak levels, mean concentrations of methaqualone declined rapidly during the next 6 h, and thereafter more slowly, with a half-life of approximately 10 h. Mean concentrations of methaqualone in serum samples 24 h after the second, third, fourth or fifth doses were not significantly different (0.3 µg/ml – 0.6 µg/ml) during this period of dosing. This suggests that significant accumulation of methaqualone in the serum did not occur during a period of five consecutive evening doses of the combination formulation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00565624
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Pharmacokinetics and bioavailability of indoprofen in man (1976)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 10 (1976), S. 257-262 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: Anti-inflammatory and analgesic drug ; indoprofen ; pharmacokinetics ; bioavailability ; man
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary In a pharmacokinetic study of the new analgesic and anti-inflammatory drug indoprofen, plasma levels and urinary excretion were determined in four healthy volunteers after 100 mg and 200 mg iv, and after 100 mg (capsules) and 200 mg (tablets) oral doses. After iv administration, the mean biological half-life (t1/2 β) was about 2 h (range 1.4 to 3.2 h). The apparent volume of distribution Vdβ ranged between 11 to 17 % of body weight, indicating its limited extravascular distribution. Most of the drug was excreted in urine as glucuronide and a smaller proportion as unchanged indoprofen: the 24 h urinary excretion of these compounds accounted for 67 to 95 % of an iv dose. Peak plasma levels occurred between 30 and 120 minutes after oral administration of 100 mg as capsules or 200 mg as tablets. The mean biological half-life was about 2 h, as after iv administration. The bioavailability of oral doses was assessed using both plasma levels and urinary excretion data. The absorption of capsules and tablets was practically complete, that of the former being faster.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00558338
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of exchange transfusion on the elimination of digoxin in neonates (1976)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 10 (1976), S. 25-29 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: Digoxin ; exchange transfusion ; pharmacokinetics ; neonates ; 86Rb assay
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary By means of an86Rb-uptake inhibition assay, changes in the plasma concentration of digoxin and the amount of the glycoside removed during exchange transfusion have been studied in two newborns. For comparison, the exchange procedure was simulated by a computer on the basis of a two-compartment open model and available pharmacokinetic constants. A rapid decrease in plasma digoxin concentration during exchange transfusion was found when the glycoside was administered intravenously or intramuscularly within 60 min before the procedure. The amount of digoxin removed by the exchange was less than 6 per cent of the given dose. Computer simulation of the procedure also showed removal of only a minor amount of digoxin. It is concluded that the decrease in plasma concentration and the removal of only a small amount of glycoside by the exchange transfusion can be attributed mainly to extensive tissue distribution of digoxin. The results imply that replacement of digoxin after an exchange transfusion seems unnecessary.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00561545
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  • 11
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Comparison of the pharmacokinetics of diazepam after single and subchronic doses (1976)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 10 (1976), S. 121-126 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: Diazepam ; pharmacokinetics ; subchronic dosage in man ; desmethyldiazepam
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary In seven healthy male volunteers the effects of the pattern of dosing on the pharmacokinetics of diazepam have been studied. A cross-over design was employed that consisted of three parts: a single intravenous dose (0.1 mg/kg), and oral dosing (10 mg/day) for six days followed by an intravenous bolus (0.1 mg/kg) on the seventh day, followed by re-examination of a single intravenous dose after diazepam (D) and its major metabolite desmethyldiazepam (DD) had been completely eliminated. Plasma levels of D and DD were monitored by a specific, sensitive GLC-method. In younger patients (n=5, age 29 – 35 years) the elimination half-life, T1/2 (β), of D was 33.9±10.6 h (mean±S.D.) after the single dose. The control study gave an almost identical result (35.7±12.1). After subchronic dosage in all patients T1/2 (β) showed a modest but significant prolongation (paired t-test p〈0.01) to 52.9±17.4 h. It was caused by a significant decrease (p=0.016) in total plasma clearance ( $$\overline {\user1{Cl}} $$ ), from 26.0±10.8 ml/min to 18.2±7.0 ml/min. Older patients (age 43–60 years) showed the same phenomenon. Blood/plasma ratios remained constant indicating no change in protein binding. Biliary excretion of D was measured in five patients with a T-tube. Only negligible amounts (0.3–0.4%) of administered D were excreted within 3 days after subchronic dosage, which demonstrates a lack of enterohepatic cycling of D. After multiple administration of D, there was accumulation of DD to levels approximately five times higher than after a single dose. The possibility that the slower elimination of D after subchronic treatment might be caused by DD was also supported by experiments in dogs and rabbits. After pretreating rabbits with DD and maintaining a high DD plasma level, there was prolongation of T1/2 (β) from 2.7 h to 5.2 h, with a corresponding decrease of $$\overline {\user1{Cl}} $$ from 101.6 ml/min to 23.4 ml/min. Similar results were obtained in dogs. It is concluded that the disposition of D is altered by subchronic use and may be regulated by the plasma DD concentration.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00609470
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  • 12
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Studies on hydralazine (1976)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 10 (1976), S. 183-187 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: Hydralazine ; bioavailability ; pharmacogenetics ; first pass effect ; pharmacokinetics
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary After oral administration of a single 50 mg dose of hydralazine (Apresoline®), the serum half-life (T1/2) and bioavailability (AUC0−∞) were assessed in 16 healthy volunteers. The half-life was 2.57±0.14 h (S.E.) in 10 slow acetylators of sulphadimidine, and 2.18±0.15 h in 6 fast acetylators (difference not statistically significant). AUC0−∞ was significantly higher in slow acetylators, at 1.04±0.10 µg·hour·ml−1, compared to 0.66±0.12 µg·hour·ml−1 in the fast acetylators (p〈0.025). Treatment with Apresoline® 25 mg tid produced minimum serum concentrations at steady-state of 57.3±7.3 ng·ml−1 and 33.4±4.2 ng·ml−1 in 8 slow and 5 fast acetylators, respectively (p〈0.05). The corresponding maximum concentrations were 228.8±20.3 ng·ml−1 and 147.6±15.0 ng·ml−1 in slow and fast acetylators, respectively (p〈0.025). First-pass metabolism of hydralazine could explain the difference in bioavailability of the drug between fast and slow acetylators, without any corresponding difference in the elimination rate of the drug in the post-distributive phase.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00558327
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  • 13
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Pharmacokinetics of amitriptyline infused intravenously in man (1976)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 10 (1976), S. 337-341 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: Amitriptyline ; pharmacokinetics ; intravenous infusion ; two compartment model ; biological half-life
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Amitriptyline was given to four male volunteers by constant rate intravenous infusion. Blood samples were collected before, during and at various times after the infusion for estimation of the serum concentrations of amitriptyline. The level of nortriptyline never reached a detectable level. A two compartment open model was shown to be applicable to the data obtained. The meaning of the parameters obtained by a non-linear, least squares curve fitting procedure is discussed and the values are compared to those recently published for nortriptyline. The calculated biological half-life of amitriptyline was about 17 hours, a figure which differs considerably from previously calculated values for volunteers, but is in accordance with some newer results from patients.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00565623
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  • 14
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Bioavailability of various preparations and doses of penicillin V (1976)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 10 (1976), S. 55-58 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: Penicillin V ; bioavailability ; pharmacokinetics ; dose ranging
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary An absorption study was performed in ten healthy volunteers to test the bioavailability of various doses of two penicillin V-K preparations: Isocillin® (Hoechst AG, Federal Republic of Germany), — tablets of 600 000 and 1.2 Mega U; V-Cillin® (Eli Lilly, USA), — tablets of 200 000, 400 000 and 800 000 U. The serum concentrations and elimination of the active substance in urine were measured for six hours after administration. Independently of the source of the preparation, a strict linear relation between the dose and the area under the serum curve (AUC), or between the dose and the urinary elimination, was demonstrated by regression analysis. The dose-dependent increase in the AUC was highly significant (p〈0.01) in the range tested, i.e. between 200 000 and 1.2 Mega U. The relative elimination of active substance in urine lay within narrow limits for all doses (35.7–41.3%). Thus, both compounds proved to have the same bioavailability.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00561550
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  • 15
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ampicillin: Comparison of bioavailability and pharmacokinetics after oral and intravenous administration of three brands (1976)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 10 (1976), S. 237-243 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: Ampicillin ; bioavailability ; pharmacokinetics ; branded products ; proprietary preparations ; capsule formulation ; tablet formulation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The pharmacokinetics and bioavailability of three different brands of ampicillin were studied in 10 volunteers. After intravenous administration ampicillin can be described adequately by a two-compartment open pharmacokinetic model. The half-life during the α-phase was 9 min and the β-half-life was in the range 50–60 min, independent of the mode of administration. Absolute bioavailability was determined from the ratio of the areas under the serum concentration curves obtained after oral and intravenous administration of equal doses. Bioavailability was also estimated by analysis of variance. The results indicated absolute availability of the three products of 39–54%. One of the products, a capsule formulation, showed a significantly lower bioavailability than the others, which were tablet formulations.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00558335
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  • 16
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Pharmacokinetics of butobarbital after single and multiple oral doses in man (1976)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 10 (1976), S. 263-271 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: Butobarbital ; pharmacokinetics ; plasma concentration ; oral administration ; accumulation ; enzyme induction
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary A method is described for the assay of therapeutic levels of butobarbital (5-ethyl-5-n-butylbarbituric acid) in human plasma, which involves a single extraction step followed by gas chromatography with alkali flame ionization detection. The pharmacokinetics of butobarbital were studied in five healthy volunteers after oral administration of 200 mg. Plasma concentrations were determined at regular intervals up to 96 h and the data were fitted by non-linear, least squares regression analysis according to one-compartment kinetics. The average lag time was 0.11 h and the absorption half-life 0.21 h. The elimination half-life varied from 33.6 to 41.5 h with an average of 37.5 h. Four of the volunteers participated in a study of multiple dosing (every 24 h) during which substantial accumulation of butobarbital was observed. The elimination half-life after termination of drug administration had decreased to about 20–25% of its initial value, probably because of enzyme induction. It was concluded that butobarbital could not be regarded as a suitable drug for treatment of insomnia, since CNS depressant effects were likely to persist into the following day. Repeated administration of butobarbital should be avoided and its incidental use restricted to patients who require day-time sedation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00558339
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  • 17
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A GLC assay for bendroflumethiazide. Preliminary data about its plasma level in man (1976)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 10 (1976), S. 293-295 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: Bendroflumethiazide ; diuretics ; GLC ; thiazides ; plasma level ; pharmacokinetics
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary A GLC method for determination of bendroflumethiazide has been developed, using extractive methylation. Cyclopenthiazide was used as internal standard. The maximal plasma concentration (56–107 ng/ml) after bendroflumethiazide 10 mg given orally to four healthy volunteers was seen at 2–2.5 h. On the slope between 4 and 10 h T1/2 averaged 2.7 h.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00558343
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  • 18
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The influence of hypoglycaemic sulphonylureas on elimination and efficacy of phenprocoumon following a single oral dose in diabetic patients (1976)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 10 (1976), S. 31-36 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: Diabetes mellitus ; drug interaction ; phenprocoumon ; pharmacokinetics ; pharmacodynamics ; sulphonylureas
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The influence of various antidiabetic treatments on the kinetics and efficacy of a single oral dose of 12 mg phenprocoumon were studied in 71 hospitalized patients, 58 with adult-onset diabetes mellitus and 13 non-diabetic aged patients, and 13 healthy young volunteers. Treatment for one week or longer with insulin or the antidiabetic sulphonylureas tolbutamide, glibenclamide or glibornuride, altered neither the plasma level (1.29 – 1.40 µg/ml at zero time) nor the half-life of phenprocoumon (5.2 – 6.8 d) compared to treatment by diet alone. The mean half-life of phenprocoumon was significantly shorter in non-diabetic aged patients (4.2 d) than in diabetic patients of the same age (5.1 – 6.8 d), or in young healthy volunteers (5.7 d). The efficacy of a single dose of phenprocoumon (maximal reduction of Quick-values by 34 – 47% after 48 to 72 hrs) in diabetic patients treated with diet, or diet and antidiabetic drugs, was the same as in non-diabetic aged patients. In healthy young volunteers phenprocoumon was half as effective as in aged patients.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00561546
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  • 19
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Postoperative disappearance of phenazone from plasma in man (1976)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 10 (1976), S. 63-68 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: Phenazone ; pharmacokinetics ; injuries ; surgery ; operation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The elimination rate of phenazone after a single oral dose has been studied before and after elective operations. In a group of patients with different illnesses the elimination rate was increased on the fourth to seventh days after operation but was unchanged on the second and third days. The change in elimination rate was highly significant in a standardized group of nine patients with a ligament injury in one knee studied on the fourth or fifth postoperative day. Possible reasons for the changes are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00561552
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    Electronic Resource
    Pharmacokinetics of the antiarrhythmic disopyramide in healthy humans (1976)
    Springer
    Journal of pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics 4 (1976), S. 199-230 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-8744
    Keywords: disopyramide ; antiarrhythmic ; pharmacokinetics
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract The pharmacokinetics of the antiarrhythmic disopyramide, 4-diisopropylamino-2-phenyl-2-(2-pyridyl)butyramide phosphate, and its monodealkylated metabolite were investigated in seven volunteers after intravenous (1 and 2 mg/kg) and oral (3 and 6 mg/kg) administration. Unchanged drug (52%) and the monodealkylated metabolite (25%) were renally excreted on intravenous administration. The pharmacokinetics of disopyramide were first order and dose independent only when referenced to the drug not bound to plasma proteins since this binding was dose dependent. The apparent half-lives of the α and β phases on intravenous administration were 2 min and 4.5 hr, respectively. The apparent volumes of distribution of the central and peripheral compartments, referenced to unbound disopyramide in the plasma, were 9 and 80 liters, respectively. The half-life of absorption of oral aqueous disopyramide phosphate was 30 min with a lag time of 16 min and an apparent first-pass metabolism of 16% of the absorbed dose, consistent with the hepatic efficiency of 14%. The renal and metabolic clearances were 125 and 111 ml/min, respectively. Graphical and computer analysis of the plasma and urine data showed dose-independent first-order pharmacokinetics of plasma unbound drug in a two-compartment-body model to give two metabolites and a first-pass transformation of a fraction of the oral dose. The absorption efficiency of unchanged drug was 83%.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01063614
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  • 21
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    Theoretical and computational basis for drug bioavailability determinations using pharmacological data. I. General considerations and procedures (1976)
    Springer
    Journal of pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics 4 (1976), S. 337-353 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-8744
    Keywords: bioavailability ; pharmacological data ; pharmacokinetics ; modeling
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract The use of data deriving from monitoring the time variation of the intensity of pharmacological effect(s) following dosing can often present an advantageous alternative to the more conventional approach of using chemical or radiological assay of blood and/or urine level data for bioavailability evaluations of drug products: bioavailability studies can be performed with drugs where no assay exists. A relatively simplified discussion of the general theoretical principles on which the use of pharmacological data is based and a stepwise description of the approach for its routine application in bioavailability studies are presented. Approaches for computing rates and extents of drug bioavailability vs. time profiles on analog and digital computers are qualitatively described and quantitatively presented in a subsequent report. The concept of preabsorption (gastrointestinal bioavailability) is introduced and biophasic availability of drugs to local sites of action is discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01063123
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  • 22
    Electronic Resource
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    Theoretical and computational basis for drug bioavailability determinations using pharmacological data. II. Drug input ⇄ response relationships (1976)
    Springer
    Journal of pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics 4 (1976), S. 355-375 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-8744
    Keywords: deconvolution ; bioavailability ; pharmacokinetics ; modeling ; pharmacological data
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Mathematical expressions and approaches to the computation of rates and extents of drug bioavailability for implementation on analog and digital computers are derived. The equivalency of expressions derived on the basis of assuming compartment models to an approach based on using experimentally determined weighting functions is demonstrated. The relative merits of the two techniques are discussed: their application for use with temporal pharmacological data is emphasized. The applicability of the computational techniques to determining the availability of drugs at local sites of action (biophasic availability) and to computing preabsorptive drug release into the gastrointestinal contents (gastrointestinal bioavailability) is pointed out. An approach to computationally predicting in vivo blood level or pharmacological response vs. time profiles from in vitro dissolution testing results is presented and its limitations are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01063124
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  • 23
    Electronic Resource
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    Pharmacokinetic modeling of the dogfish shark (Squalus acanthias): Distribution and urinary and biliary excretion of phenol red and its glucuronide (1976)
    Springer
    Journal of pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics 4 (1976), S. 377-388 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-8744
    Keywords: pharmacokinetics ; compartmental model ; phenol red ; phenol red glucuronide ; dogfish (Squalus acanthias)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract A flow-limited multicompartment model simulates the distribution and disposition of phenol red in the dogfish after intravenous administration. Glucuronide conjugate, as well as parent compound, was found in urine and bile, but not in plasma, kidney, or liver tissue. An apparent 4-hr lag in phenol red appearance in the gall bladder was simulated using two stirred tanks connected in series to represent the bile ducts. The model should facilitate use of the dogfish in pharmacokinetic studies of drugs, environmental contaminants, and other xenobiotics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01062827
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  • 24
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Calculation of eigenvalues of the Helmholtz equation by an integral equation (1976)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 10 (1976), S. 59-66 
    Details
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: A method is presented to calculate the eigenvalues of the Helmholtz equation Δ2ø + k2ø = 0 in a two-dimensional area when ø vanishes on the boundary. The method is based on an integral equation, which can be easily solved numerically. Results obtained for circular and rectangular geometries are also given and compared to the exact values.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620100105
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    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Panel flutter optimization - a refined finite element approach (1976)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 10 (1976), S. 77-91 
    Details
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: This paper presents the results of an aeroelastic optimization study. In this study the weight of a large aspect ratio panel immersed in high Mach number supersonic flow is minimized subject to the requirement that a critical aeroelastic parameter for flutter be held within specified limits. A refined finite element technique is used to model the panel flutter equilibrium equations, equations which act as constraints on the design search. The optimization mechanism itself is studied and discussed to provide qualitative results which may be useful to the solution of other aeroelastic optimization problems. The numerical results of this investigation are compared to converged numerical results to illustrate finite element accuracy. The results of the study show that the weight savings and material distribution found with an effective finite element model are comparable to those found by more complicated numerical methods.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620100107
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  • 26
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A computer solution for two-dimensional fluid-particle flows (1976)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 10 (1976), S. 185-196 
    Details
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: A computer solution for two-dimensional fluid-particle flows using the cellular approach is presented. The euqations describing the flow of the continuous (fluid) phase are formulated using stream function, vorticity and enthalpy as the dependent variables. The effect of the disperse (particle) phase on the continous phase is represented by vorticity and energy sources in each cell. To illustrate the capability of the solution scheme, the flow of gas laden with hot particles issuing into a sudden expansion is analysed.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620100114
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    Optimum design of stiffened cylindrical panels with constraint on the frequency in the presence of initial stresses (1976)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 10 (1976), S. 283-299 
    Details
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: This paper presents the optimum design of stiffened cylindrical panels with weight as the objective function and constraints on the frequencies in the presence of initial stresses, using unconstrained minimization techniques of non-linear mathematical programming problem. The interaction between the buckling constraints and the frequency constraints in the presence of initial stresses are included in the formulation. Loss of load carrying capacity due to imperfection and due to suddenly applied loads are included in the buckling analyses. Results for cylindrical shell are obtained by setting the panel angle to 360 degrees. The relationship between the weight of the cylinder and the panel (a segment of the cylinder) is examined.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620100205
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    Multivariable approach to the finite difference solution of elasto-plastic problems (1976)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 10 (1976), S. 361-377 
    Details
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: The solutions of plane elasto-plastic problems usually use one or two field variables - namely a stress functions or the displacements. The use of three, four or five field variables is investigated and it is concluded that the three stresses from the best basis for a multivariable approach. Attempts to solve the governing equations with an initial value technique were exhaustively tried and discarded in preference to a boundary value or elliptical technique. The problem solved to check the method is that of a hole in plane strain uniaxial tension. Effective plastic strain distributions are plotted, along with stress and strain concentration data and distributions of the mean to effective stress ratio. Comparison is made between solutions produced using incremental and deformation theories.
    Additional Material: 13 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620100208
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    Electronic Resource
    Steady and unsteady finite element analysis of incompressible viscous fluid (1976)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 10 (1976), S. 437-456 
    Details
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: Finite element procedures and related illustrative numerical examples for incompressible viscous fluid motion are discussed in this paper. The steady flow problem is solved by the Newton-Raphson method and the perturbation method. By numerical examples, it can be shown that the combined use of the Newton-Raphson method and perturbation method is suitable. For the analysis of unsteady flow, the perturbation method is employed. Assuming that the basic flow is known, unsteady flow is calculated by accumulating the solution of the linearized equation in which the boundary values are varied by small amounts. Steady flows of temperature dependent free convection are also discretized and analyzed by the same procedure as the conventional finite element Galerkin method. For shape functions, quadratic polynomials are used for velocity and temperature, and linear polynomials for pressure. It is to be noted that the selections of shape functions and solution method are the keys to the analysis of highly non-linear fluid flow problems such as those discussed in this paper.
    Additional Material: 12 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620100213
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    Linear and non-linear waves, G. B. Whitham, Wiley, New York. Price: £12.15. 636 pages (1976)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 10 (1976), S. 488-488 
    Details
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620100223
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    The incremental perturbation method for large displacement analysis of elastic-plastic structures (1976)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 10 (1976), S. 503-525 
    Details
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: A procedure of applying the perturbation method is presented for the incremental numerical analysis of materially and combined non-linear problems of discrete and discretized structral systems. Small but finite strain and stress increments are strictly distinguished from the strain rates and stress rates, respectively. It is shown that, by applying the perturbation procedure not only to the non-linear strain-displacement relations and equilibrium equations, but also to the constitutive equations in terms of rate quantities, all the governing equations can be satisfied to any desired accuracy at every instantaneous configuration in between the starting and terminal points of an incremental step. The proposed method provides also means of finding, to a desired accuracy, every point on an equilibrium path of a discrete system at which a new element will start yielding or unloading and possible critical points on the path. The significance of the proposed method is expected to be appreciated particularly in numerical investigations of critical behaviours and post-buckling behaviours.
    Additional Material: 18 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620100303
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    Solution of plane elasticity problems by the displacement discontinuity method. I. Infinite body solution (1976)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 10 (1976), S. 301-343 
    Details
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: This paper is concerned with the development of a numerical procedure for solving complex boundary value problems in plane elastostatics. This procedure - the displacement discontinuity method - consists simply of placing N displacement discontinuities of unknown magnitude along the boundaries of the region to be analyzed, then setting up and solving a system of algebraic equations to find the discontinuity values that produce prescribed boundary tractions or displacements. The displacement discontinuity method is in some respects similar to integral equation or ‘influence function’ techniques, and contrasts with finite difference and finite element procedures in that approximations are made only on the boundary contours, and not in the field. The method is illustrated by comparing computed results with the analytical solutions of two boundary value problems: a circular disc subjected to diametral compression, and a circular hole in an infinite plate under a uniaxial stress field. In both cases the numerical results are in excellent agreement with the exact solutions.
    Additional Material: 13 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620100206
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    Finite element method applied to the supersonic flutter of circular cylindrical shells (1976)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 10 (1976), S. 423-435 
    Details
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: The application of the finite element method to the supersonic flutter of circular cylindrical shells subjected to internal pressure and axial compression is presented. A circular cylindrical shell element is used. The element stiffness, mass and initial stiffness matrices are given. The element aerodynamic matrix is derived based on a first order high Mach number approximation to the linear potential flow theory. The eigenvalue problem is solved by the QR algorithm. Numerical results are presented and these are compared with analytical solutions and experimental data.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620100212
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    A finite element solution program for large structures (1976)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 10 (1976), S. 401-412 
    Details
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: A straightforward and general computer program for assembling and solving (using Gauss elimination technique) widely sparsed finite element matrix equations with very large bandwidth and capable of handling different degrees-of-freedom and variable bandwidth at different nodes, is described herein. The program assembles any type of finite elements having arbitrary number of nodes and each node may have differnt degrees-of-freedom. It requires only a small core memory in the computer, although a fast random access device is also needed. The two very important features of this program are (i) it does not store any zero submatrices within the band and (ii) during the solution of equations all operations dealing with zero submatrices within the band are automatically skipped and thus the savings of a considerable amount of disc storage space and computer time can be effected in many cases. Another feature is that many right hand sides can be handled simultaneously. Hence the program is very economical for structures having widely sparsed matrix equations. A listing of the computer program written in FORTRAN IV for CDC 6400 computer is readily available from the authors, but unfortunately could not be given here because of lack of space. The program is so general that it can be used to solve a wide class of finite element problems without actually having to understand fully the techniques behind it.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620100210
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    An ADI procedure suitable for virtual storage systems (1976)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 10 (1976), S. 465-470 
    Details
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: The Peaceman-Rachford ADI technique is a well-known iterative method for solving large systems of linear equations arising from finite difference methods of solution of partial differntial equations. The present note demonstrates how the algorithm can be conveniently rearranged for computation in a virtual storage system with paging. Timing results are given for a sample problem typical of those encountered in nuclear diffusion computation.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620100215
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    Author's reply to the discussion by Watkins (1976)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 10 (1976), S. 472-474 
    Details
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620100217
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    Diagonal dominance and S.O.R. performance with skew nets (1976)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 10 (1976), S. 225-230 
    Details
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: Alternative finite difference formulations for elliptic equations on skew nets are investigated for suitability for rapid convergence of S.O.R. iterations. In dealing with the differential equation directly, diagonal dominance is a key property for convergence theorems. Mixed derivatives boundary conditions threatens this property, but formulas are presented which protect it as long as the net skewness is not too severe. Test calculations are reported showing convergence for these formulas to be as good as that of optimal S.O.R. theory, whereas other more direct formulas give a very inferior performance.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620100117
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    Masthead (1976)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 10 (1976) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620100201
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    Frontal solution program for unsymmetric matrices (1976)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 10 (1976), S. 379-399 
    Details
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: A frontal solution program is presented which may be used for the solution of unsymmetric matrix equations arising in certain applications of the finite element method to boundary value problems. Based on the Gaussian elimination algorithm, it has advantages over band matrix methods in that core requirements and computation times may be considerably reduced; furthermore numbering of the finite element mesh may be completed in an arbitrary manner. The program is written in FORTRAN and a glossary of terms is provided.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620100209
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    On the use of isoparametric finite elements in linear fracture mechanicsAfter submitting this paper, the author has learned of an independent development reporting a similar approach for 2-D problems, see R. D. Henshell, ‘Crack tip finite elements are unnecessary’, Int. J. num. Meth. Engng, 9, 495-507 (1975). (1976)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 10 (1976), S. 25-37 
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    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: Quadratic isoparametric elements which embody the inverse square root singularity are used in the calculation of stress intensity factors of elastic fracture mechanics. Examples of the plane eight noded isoparametric element show that it has the same singularity as other special crack tip elements, and still includes the constant strain and rigid body motion modes. Application to three-dimensional analysis is also explored. Stress intensity factors are calculated for mechanical and thermal loads for a number of plane strain and three-dimensional problems.
    Additional Material: 13 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620100103
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    A finite element method for the axisymmetric flow computation in a turbomachine (1976)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 10 (1976), S. 93-113 
    Details
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: The equations for the meridional through-flow in a turbomachine are formulated as a quasi-harmonic non-linear equation. This equation is then solved iteratively by the finite element method and in order to obtain convergence an under-relaxation factor has to be introduced. Comparisons with experimental results in single and multistage axial compressors show very good agreement. The finite element method is thus shown to be an efficient tool for this type of problem.
    Additional Material: 20 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620100108
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  • 42
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    Isoparametric finite element methods for two-dimensional transport calculations (1976)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 10 (1976), S. 171-183 
    Details
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: Finite element methods for solving the two-dimensional x-y transport equation are considered. Numerical schemes are defined and tested on some simple practical problems.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620100113
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    Inertia loading in finite element analysis of structures subject to compound motion (1976)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 10 (1976), S. 197-209 
    Details
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: The problems associated with the stress analysis of structures subjected to body force loading due to compound motion are outlined. An economic method for calculating equivalent nodal loading, for use in a finite element displacement analysis, is proposed in which the element discretization and consistent mass matrices are used to advantage. The relevant equations, relating to the rigid body dynamics of compound motion, are appended in matrix notation. Validity of the method is demonstrated by an analysis of the stresses, due to gyroscopic and centrifugal forces, in an aero engine blade model.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620100115
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    Letter to the editor (1976)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 10 (1976), S. 718-719 
    Details
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620100319
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    Large deformation analysis of plates and cylindrical shells by a mixed finite element method (1976)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 10 (1976), S. 731-746 
    Details
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620100403
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    An automatic node relabelling scheme for minimizing a matrix or network bandwidth (1976)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 10 (1976), S. 787-797 
    Details
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: An automatic algorithm is presented for reducing the bandwidth of symmetric sparse connectivity matrices. The procedure takes an arbitrary input sequence and creates an optimal bandwidth for complex network systems by renumbering the node labels. Thus, considerable improvement for computer storage and time is achieved in the solution of the systems.A large number of examples is presented to demonstrate the reliability and the efficiency of the method.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620100406
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  • 47
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    Reduction scheme for some structural eigenvalue problems by a variational theorem (1976)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 10 (1976), S. 845-852 
    Details
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: An accurate reduction scheme for structural eigenvalue problems is deduced from a variational theorem in which the displacement, velocity and/or momentum fields are taken to be independent.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620100411
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  • 48
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    On the finite element solution of an exterior boundary value problem (1976)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 10 (1976), S. 885-891 
    Details
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: This paper compares three methods for dealing with an exterior boundary value problem by the Finite Element Method, one of which involves using an infinite element. The methods are illustrated by application to the problem of ground water flow round a tunnel with permeable invert. The use of a special trial function with a variable parameter in the infinite element gives a particularly efficient method of solution.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620100415
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  • 49
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    Subspace iteration accelrated by using Chebyshev polynomials for eigenvalue problems with symmetric matrices (1976)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 10 (1976), S. 935-944 
    Details
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: Bathe's algorithm of subspace iteration for the solution of the eigenvalue problem with symmetric matrices is improved by incorporating an acceleration technique using Chebyshev polynomials. This method of acceleration is particularly effective for this kind of iteration. The rate of convergence of the iteration scheme presented is considerably improved when compared with the original one, and satisfactory rates of convergence can be obtained for a wider range of eigenvalues.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620100418
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  • 50
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    A hexagonal finite element with one degree-of-freedom per hexagon (1976)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 10 (1976), S. 958-959 
    Details
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620100422
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  • 51
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    Comment on hybrid finite elementsBritish Crown Copyright Reserved. Reproduced by permission of the Controller, Her Majesty's Stationery Office. (1976)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 10 (1976), S. 968-973 
    Details
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: It is shown that an apparently sound selection of trial functions can give rise to hybrid elements with rank deficient stiffness matrices and unused interior fields. An account is given of modifications which overcome these problems for a particular plate bending element.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620100425
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  • 52
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    Linear differential equations with periodic coefficients, 2 volumes, V. A. Yakubovich and V. M. Starzhinskii, Wiley, New York, 1975. No. of pages: 839. Price: £20.60 (1976)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 10 (1976), S. 976-976 
    Details
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620100430
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  • 53
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    On the optimum shape of fillets in plates subjected to multiple in-plane loading cases (1976)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 10 (1976), S. 1007-1019 
    Details
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: The shape of a plate in plane stress is determined, such that the maximum elastic stress corresponding to given loads is minimized. The shape of the boundary is approximated by a series and optimization is carried out by solving a sequence of linearized minimum-maximum problems using linear programming. The optimization problem is extended to include multiple loading cases and geometrical constraints. The stress derivatives are found using analytical expressions for stiffnesses and stiffness derivatives of the finite elements. For the optimum design of a hole in an infinite plate under biaxial stretching the numerical result is compared with an analytical solution. As another example the method is used to optimize the edge shape of a shape of a junction in a web frame.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620100504
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  • 54
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    A review of least-squares methods for solving partial differential equations (1976)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 10 (1976), S. 1021-1046 
    Details
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: Continuous (integral) and discrete (point-matching) least-squares methods are presented for linear and non-linear problems in boundary-value, eigenvalue, and initial-value form. The history is traced, and important theoretical and practical results are summarized. A comprehensive sample of the literature is presented, indexed to show type of application, version of least squares used, and results of comparison studies. The advantages of least-squares methods are discussed, including convenience in formulation and error evaluation, generality of mixed and local (finite element) versions, and performance that is competitive with other methods.
    Additional Material: 4 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620100505
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  • 55
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    Stiffness matrix for a non-prismatic beam-column element (1976)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 10 (1976), S. 1125-1142 
    Details
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: An algorithm is presented which generates an element stiffness matrix for non-prismatic beam-column members using Newmark's numerical procedure of successive approximations. The resulting element stiffness matrix on element co-ordinates is fond to be in excellent agreement with those available for limiting cases. An approximate stability analysis conducted on the covergence of the numerical scheme shows that the proposed algorithm is stable. The critical buckling loads for various and conditions are computed as part of the computational scheme. A computer program listing in FORTRAN IV is included which will handle essentially and order and/or kind of non-prismaticity of beam elements. The results are presented in the conventional and convenient coefficient format.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620100512
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  • 56
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    A hybrid element method for steady linearized free-surface flows (1976)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 10 (1976), S. 1153-1175 
    Details
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: It is first shown that the two-dimensional linearized ship wave problem can be recast as the sum of a radiation and a diffraction problem for simple harmonic waves. Each problem can be solved by a hybrid element method (HEM) where conventional finite elements are used near the body and analytical solutions are used in the remaining infinite regions (super-elements). Variational principles which incorporate the matching conditions between regular and super-elements as natural conditions are derived. Numerical examples are presented. The theoretical aspects for extending the above ideas to a three-dimensional ship wave problems are also described.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620100514
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  • 57
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    A quadrature method for finite intervals (1976)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 10 (1976), S. 708-712 
    Details
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: The quadrature rule for a finite interval obtained by transforming to an infinite range and applying the midpoint rule is examined. It is found that the condition required to make the quadrature exact for a constant integrand imposes severe practical limits. The method is very good for integrands with singularities near the endpoints but ineffective for oscillatory integrands.
    Additional Material: 2 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620100317
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    A computer program for the Chebyshev solution of overdetermined systems of linear equations (1976)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 10 (1976), S. 1197-1202 
    Details
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620100521
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  • 59
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    A non-conforming element for stress analysis (1976)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 10 (1976), S. 1211-1219 
    Details
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620100602
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  • 60
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    Computer plotting of stress contours in excavated slopes (1976)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 10 (1976), S. 1261-1280 
    Details
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: The contouring of stresses in two-dimensional slopes is done quickly and efficiently by using the computer and an incremental plotter. The computer program developed here interpolates in two directions between centroids of finite elements at which the stresses are given, determines contour line co-ordinates, and plots the contours. This program can be easily modified to plot stresses produced by other two-dimensional finite element analysis programs as long as the arrangement of elements in the mesh is similar.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620100606
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    Stress intensity factors in anisotropic plates using singular isoparametric elements (1976)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 10 (1976), S. 1281-1287 
    Details
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: A conformable displacement model is presented for the finite element analysis of stress intensity factors in linear elastic fracture mechanics. The method is an extension to anisotropic materials of the one developed by Benzley for isotropic materials. Very good agreement is shown for the case of inclined cracks in an orthotropic plate between finite element results and those obtained by least squares collocation of stress functions.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620100607
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  • 62
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    The solution of the three-dimensional Navier-Stokes equations using a new finite difference approach (1976)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 10 (1976), S. 1299-1308 
    Details
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: A numerical method for integrating the three-dimensional Navier-Stokes equations for a viscous, incompressible, laminar duct flow is given. A new method is applied to the derivation of stable, and second order accurate difference representations to the momentum transport and diffusion terms. Numerical examples are given.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620100609
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  • 63
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    The elasto-plastic analysis of plates using hybrid finite elements (1976)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 10 (1976), S. 1343-1356 
    Details
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: An elasto-plastic plate-bending analysis is developed based on the finite element method and utilizing an assumed-stress hybrid (Pian) element. Plasticity is incorporated using the Prandtl-Reuss relations and isotropic hardening theory together with an incremental residual force technique. Several example solutions are included to demonstrate the ability of this approach in elasto-plastic plate-bending problems.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620100613
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  • 64
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    Finite element residual schemes for unconfined flow (1976)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 10 (1976), S. 1415-1418 
    Details
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: A finite element procedure based on residual potential or flow concept is proposed for free surface flow through porous media. A preliminary example is solved by using the proposed procedure.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620100622
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  • 65
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    Convergence problems in the asymptotic expansions for the Bessel functions of complex argument (1976)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 10 (1976), S. 1404-1406 
    Details
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: The convergence of Hankel's asymptotic expansions for the Bessel functions of large complex argument are discussed, and a method is proposed to avoid numerical problems derived from their implementation in computer programs. Whiel the error tolerance cannot in all cases be controlled by the user, excellent results can indeed be obtained with application of the proposed method.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620100619
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    Supercritical wing sections II, F. Bauer, P. Garabedian, D. Korn and A. Jameson, Springer-Verlag, Berlin, 1975. No. of pages: 296. Price DM28.00, $11.50 (1976)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 10 (1976), S. 1427-1427 
    Details
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620100625
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    A comment on Gopalacharyulu's 24 node element (1976)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 10 (1976), S. 471-472 
    Details
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620100216
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    Some new rational approximations to the error function (1976)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 10 (1976), S. 475-478 
    Details
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: Some new rational approximations to the error function erf(x) are discussed. They have the same asymptotic behaviour as erf(x), and are more accurate than the ones previously published.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620100219
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    Announcement and call for papers (1976)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 10 (1976), S. 484-487 
    Details
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620100221
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    Definition of programming languages by interpreting automata, Alexander Ollengren, Academic Press, Price £9.00 (1976)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 10 (1976), S. 488-488 
    Details
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620100224
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    Efficient large scale non-linear transient analysis by finite elements (1976)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 10 (1976), S. 579-596 
    Details
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Additional Material: 11 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620100308
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    An algorithm for minimal degree linear Chebyshev approximation on a discrete set (1976)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 10 (1976), S. 619-635 
    Details
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: An algorithm for computing a linear Chebyshev approximation to a function defined on a finite set of points is presented. The method requires the accuracy of the approximation to be specified, and determines the least degree approximation which achieves this accuracy. The algorithm is based upon the simplex method of linear programming. A FORTRAN program is supplied in the Appendix.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620100311
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    Continuously distributed dislocation model for shear-bands in softening materials (1976)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 10 (1976), S. 679-702 
    Details
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: The classical concept of slip-surfaces in soil mechanics is assigned a physical significance based on frequent observations of rupture in overconsolidated soils and rock masses; propagation of a narrow shear-band (i.e. slip-surface) is commonly the mechanism of failure. Effectively, relative sliding occurs between adjacent material points on the surface, a concept familiar in rack mechanics; just as failure by crack propagation can occur in metals well below net section yielding, so can progressive failure by band propagation cause slope failure at nominal stresses well below the peak strength of the material. The relative sliding is simulated here, for a material response which is linear outside the band, by superposing continuously distributed dislocations; use is made of influence functions, for dislocation and point-force singularities in a variety of materials and geometries. The method has further application in rock mechanics and metallurgy. A stress-displacement constitutive relation is imposed on the line of the band and the resulting non-linear singular integral equations necessitate numerical solutions; the routines are prefected on two problems for which answers are otherwise available. Extension to previously intractable plane-strain problems is then described and results are given for a surface-parallel shear-band corresponding to a flake slide on a long slope.
    Additional Material: 15 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620100315
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    Discussion of paper by R. D. Henshell and K. G. Shaw (1976)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 10 (1976), S. 235-237 
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    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620100119
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    Transmission-line matrix solution of waveguides with dielectric losses (1976)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 10 (1976), S. 253-262 
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    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: The transmission-line matrix method is a time-domain numerical method for solving wave problems. This paper describes how a minor change in the computer program for loss-free dielectrics extends the method to include dielectric losses. Results are given in terms of the wave impedance of a waveguide with losses, and also in terms of power decay due to losses in the dielectric of a resonant cavity.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620100203
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    An efficient iterative method for numerical evaluation of integrals over a semi-infinite range (1976)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 10 (1976), S. 478-484 
    Details
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: A procedure for numerical quadrature over a semi-infinite range is described which does not require storing weights or nodes. It is applicable to a wide variety of integrands including oscillatory functions and forms with integrable singularites. A computer program and numerical examples are presented.
    Additional Material: 4 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620100220
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    Masthead (1976)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 10 (1976) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620100301
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  • 78
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    Transformation of elliptic partial differential equations for solving two-dimensional boundary value problems in fluid flow (1976)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 10 (1976), S. 527-533 
    Details
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: It is possible to transform elliptic partial differential equations to exchange the dependent with one of the independent variables. The Laplace equation for a stream function ‘Ψ’ over the X and Y co-ordinate system, for example, can be transformed into a relationship expressing the Y position of streamlines in terms of strem function Ψ and X.Although the resulting new partial differential equation is much more complex it is much more convenient to use in a computer. An irregular Y boundary becomes, with the new relationship, merely the boundary values assigned to the outer streamlines and the computer always need only deal with a rectangular array. The resulting answer is in the form of the position of streamlines which is the information directly required for plotting flow maps.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620100304
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  • 79
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    Non-linear analysis for anisotropic materials (1976)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 10 (1976), S. 597-606 
    Details
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: An elasto-plastic analysis of anisotropic work-hardening materials, using the finite element method is presented. The analysis is based on the generalized Huber-Mises yield criterion extended by Hill for anisotropic materials. General expressions for the anisotropic parameters in the yield criterion have been derived both for initial yielding as well as subsequent yielding in the case of work-hardening materials.The isoparametric ‘quadratic’ quadrilateral elements have been used for the analysis and the ‘initial stress technique’ has been adopted for the iterative solution of the non-linear problems. The results of the various numerical examples have been compared with the available solutions.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620100309
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  • 80
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    On a numerical solution of the supersonic panel flutter eigenproblem (1976)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 10 (1976), S. 637-645 
    Details
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: An automated digital computer procedure is presented in this paper which enables efficient solution of the eigenvalue problem associated with the supersonic panel flutter phenomena. The step-by-step incremental solution procedure is based on an inverse iteration technique which effectively utilizes solution results from the previous step in determining such results during the current solution step. Also, the computations are limited to the determination of a few specific roots only, which are expected to contain the flutter mode, and this is achieved at each step without having to compute any other root.The structural discretization achieved by the finite element method yields highly banded stiffness, mass, and aerodynamic matrices; the aerodynamic matrix evaluated by the linearized piston theory is real but unsymmetric in nature. The solution algorithm presented in this paper fully exploits the banded form of the associated matrices, and the resulting computer program written in FORTRAN V for the JPL UNIVAC 1108 computer proves to be most efficient and economical when compared to existing procedures of such analysis. Numerical results are presented for a two-dimensional panel flutter problem.
    Additional Material: 2 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620100312
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  • 81
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    Differences between isoparametric assumptions and true circles (1976)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 10 (1976), S. 1193-1196 
    Details
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620100520
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  • 82
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    Masthead (1976)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 10 (1976) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620100401
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  • 83
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    A simple finite-difference modification for improving accuracy near a corner in heat flow problems (1976)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 10 (1976), S. 827-832 
    Details
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620100409
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  • 84
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    PFVIBAT - a computer program for plane frame vibration analysis by an exact method (1976)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 10 (1976), S. 1221-1231 
    Details
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: The described program PFVIBAT uses the exact displacement method to perform free and forced vibration analysis entirely within the differential equation theory of beams thus avoiding assumed modes and lumped masses. The frame may contain rigid bodies. Clamped, hinged, guided and rolling connections are allowed for. Consideration of rotatory inertia, shear deformation and second-order bending moments and shear forces as caused by static axial load is optional. Eigenfrequencies and modal masses are calculated with an accuracy that may be specified. Displacement and moment modes are plotted. Transient vibrations are studied.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620100603
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  • 85
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    Comparative study of two and three level ADI methods for parabolic equations with a mixed derivative (1976)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 10 (1976), S. 1309-1315 
    Details
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: ADI difference schemes of two and three levels for the parabolic equations with a mixed derivative have been derived. Using the stability analysis and the principal part of the truncation error, a difference formula with minimum truncation error has been found. Comparative study of the two and three level formulas has been made through two examples, one with constant coefficients and another with variable coefficients.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620100610
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  • 86
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    Automatic generation of triangular grid: I - subdivision of a general polygon into convex subregions. II - triangulation of convex polygonsWork reported here is drawn from the thesis of the author, supervised by Dr M. J. M. Bernal and submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of PhD at the University of London. (1976)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 10 (1976), S. 1329-1342 
    Details
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: One of the integral parts of any finite element procedure is the subdivision of a finite dimensional region into a finite number of non-overlapping subregions. An algorithm for subdivision of 2-dimensional polygons into triangular subregions is presented here. The algorithm consists conceptually of two steps. In the first step the region is subdivided into convex subregions; In the second step the convex subregions are further subdivided into triangular elements.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620100612
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  • 87
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    Finite element methods for second order differential equations with significant first derivatives (1976)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 10 (1976), S. 1389-1396 
    Details
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: Galerkin finite element methods based on symmetric pyramid basis functions give poor accuracy when applied to second order elliptic equations with large coefficients of the first order terms. This is particularly so when the mesh size is such that oscillations are present in the numerical solution. In the present note asymmetric linear and quadratic basis functions are introduced and shown to overcome this difficulty in an appropriate two point boundary value problem. In particular symmetric quadratic basis functions are oscillation free and highly accurate for a working range of mesh sizes.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620100617
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  • 88
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    A comment on Anderheggen's conforming triangular finite element plate bending solution (1976)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 10 (1976), S. 1418-1419 
    Details
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620100623
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  • 89
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    A discussion on optimization of an alkylation process (1976)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 10 (1976), S. 1187-1190 
    Details
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620100518
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  • 90
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    Announcements (1976)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 10 (1976), S. 1208-1208 
    Details
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620100523
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  • 91
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    Numerical solution of Fredholm integral equations with a logarithmic singularity (1976)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 10 (1976), S. 1202-1207 
    Details
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: Generalized quadrature is used for the numerical solution of two Fredholm integral equations which occur in electrostatics and aerodynamics.
    Additional Material: 3 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620100522
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  • 92
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    The generation of elements with singularities (1976)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 10 (1976), S. 1249-1259 
    Details
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: A procedure is given for generating two-dimensional conforming singularity elements from standard conforming elements. Three new elements with 0(r-p) derivative singularities are introduced. The technique is based on the use of elements defined by numerically integrated shape functions. Special quadrature rules are suggested for triangular elements. The degeneration of these elements to crack tip elements and the direct evaluation near the singularity of element quantities, such as the stress intensity factors, is discussed.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620100605
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  • 93
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    Numerical computations of three-dimensional thin panel structures (1976)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 10 (1976), S. 1317-1327 
    Details
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: A finite element model for analysing static problems of three-dimensional thin panel constructions is presented. The potential energy of stretching of each panel is represented by the classical Lagrange formulation of two-dimensional elasticity and in the finite element discretization piecewise linear u, v displacements are used. The potential energy of bending of each panel is represented in the finite element discretization by Hellan and Herrmann's model, i.e. piecewise constant moments and piecewise linear w-displacements are used. The physical appropriateness of the model is verified for different assemblages of panels, and in all cases good numerical results are obtained.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620100611
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  • 94
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    Improved quadratic elements (1976)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 10 (1976), S. 1379-1387 
    Details
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: A general method to formulate improved quadratic elements is presented. Derivation of the method is based on more accurate shape functions that take into account effects of governing differential equations. These new shape functions have the same form as those of the standard eight-node quadratic element. Therefore, they may be easily adapted into existing programs.The new quadratic element is compared with both standard and standard condensed quadratic elements. To show relative merits of different quadratic elements eigenvalue tests are performed. Several examples ranging from field problems, plane stress and bar vibration are used to demonstrate the applicability of this approach.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620100616
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  • 95
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    Sensitivity of inelastic response to numerical integration of strain energy (1976)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 10 (1976), S. 1369-1377 
    Details
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: The exact solution to the quasi-static, inelastic response of a cantilever beam of rectangular cross-section subjected to a bending moment at the tip is obtained. The material of the beam is assumed to be linearly elastic-linearly strain-hardening. This solution is then compared with three different numerical solutions of the same problem obtained by minimizing the total potential energy using Gaussian quadratures of two different orders and a Newton-Cotes scheme for integrating the strain energy of deformation. Significant differences between the exact dissipative strain energy and its numerical counterpart are emphasized. The consequence of this on the non-linear transient responses of a beam with solid cross-section and that of a thin-walled beam on elastic supports under impulsive loads are examined.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620100615
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  • 96
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    Computation of the feedback vector for single-input linear multivariable systems (1976)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 10 (1976), S. 1411-1414 
    Details
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620100621
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  • 97
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    On implementation of the extended interior penalty function (1976)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 10 (1976), S. 1-23 
    Details
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: The extended interior penalty function formulation is implemented. A rational method for determining the transition between the interior and extended parts is set forth. The formulation includes a straightforward method for avoiding design points with some negative components, which are physically meaningless in structural analysis. The technique, when extended to problems involving parametric constraints, can facilitate closed form integration of the penalty terms over the most important parts of the parameter interval. The method lends itself well to the use of approximation concepts, such as design variable linking, constraint deletion and Taylor series expansions of response quantities in terms of design variables.Examples demonstrating the algorithm, in the context of planar orthogonal frames subjected to ground motion, are included.
    Additional Material: 14 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620100102
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  • 98
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    An Extended Matrix Transfer Method with an automatic root search capability (1976)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 10 (1976), S. 67-76 
    Details
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: An ‘Extended Matrix Transfer Method’ is presented which has an automatic root search capability that can be guaranteed to determine all the roots of the problem with the exception of those roots lying within prescribed tolerance bandwidths.The power and generality of the method is demonstrated by application to a specially synthesized problem.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620100106
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  • 99
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    The calculation of branch flows in a directed network (1976)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 10 (1976), S. 123-131 
    Details
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: This paper describes a procedure for the calculation of branch flows in a directed network in which the node-to-node flows are prescribed.The node-to-node paths of the network are enumerated using a combinatorial process. Procedures based on the path list are used to allocate the node-to-node flows to the alternative paths of the network according to Wardrop's first principle. The calculation, although necessarily iterative, is rapidly convergent.The method has been implemented as a computer program and the results obtained for a typical network are discussed.A linear relationship between branch potential and branch flow has been used, but the method can be extended to piece-wise linear and non-linear relationships.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620100110
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  • 100
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    A new finite element scheme for instability analysis of thin shells (1976)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 10 (1976), S. 145-170 
    Details
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: This paper describes a new finite element scheme for the analysis of instability phenomena of arbitrary thin shells. A computationally efficient procedure is proposed for calculating the non-linear stiffness and tangential stiffness matrices for a doubly-curved quadrilateral element defined by co-ordinate lines. The essential feature is the explicit addition of the non-linear terms into the rigid-body motion of the element. Thus the non-linear and tangential element stiffness matrices can easily be generated by transforming the generalized element stiffness matrix for linear analysis, and the non-linear terms of these matrices are separated into a number of component terms multiplied by the rigid-body rotations. These component terms can be stored permanently and used to calculate efficiently the non-linear and tangential stiffness matrices at each iteration. Illustrative examples are presented which confirm the validity of the present approach in the analysis of instability phenomena of thin plates and shells.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620100112
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