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  • 1980-1984  (1,080)
  • 1983  (1,080)
  • Organic Chemistry  (682)
  • Engineering  (281)
  • Physical Chemistry  (117)
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  • 1980-1984  (1,080)
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  • 101
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 325 (1983), S. 803-810 
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Kupfer(II)-komplexe von Pyrophthalon und IminopyrophthalonKupfer(II)-komplexe von Pyrophthalon (PPH) und Iminopyrophthalon (IPH) wurden synthetisiert und ihre Struktur mit Hilfe von Molekül- und ESR-Spektroskopie und magnetischer Suszeptibilität untersucht. Es wurde festgestellt, daß die Komplexe mit einem Metall-Ligand-Verhältnis von 1:2 und mit einer Struktur eines verzerrten Tetraeders gebildet werden.Die IR-Daten zeigen daß die koordination durch das O-Atom der Enol-From der Liganden und dem N-Atom des Pyridinringes realisiert wird
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
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  • 102
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 325 (1983), S. 787-802 
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The Dehydration of Ureas by Two-Phase Dichlorocarbene Reaction, a Synthetic Access to Substituted CyanamidesA wide variety of N,N-disubstituted ureas are dehydrated in the CHCl3/NaOH catalytic two-phase system under mild conditions. The sequence of urea-transamidation and dehydration thus offers a profitable approach to aprotic cyanamides. Among various tested PT-catalysts tertiary amines prove to be the most efficient and favourable ones. Tertiary amines may also be used advantageously in the transformation of carboxylic amides and thioamides to the corresponding nitriles. The application of the same technique is less suitable in the case of N-mono-substituted ureas, N,N′- disubstituted ureas as well as N(dialkylaminomethylidene) ureas, because consequent reactions of the primarily formed cyanamides predominate. Problems concerning the dehydration mechanism are elucidated in terms of HMO-perturbation theory
    Additional Material: 4 Tab.
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  • 103
    Electronic Resource
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    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 325 (1983), S. 811-822 
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Synthesis and Properties of Trimethinecyanines with Bridged ChainsThe effects of meso-substituents (H, morpholino, ethoxy) and hydrocarbon bridges, on the light absorption and the electrochemical properties of trimethinecyanine dyes (4a--f, 8a-c 10a-f) are investigated. The results are in a good agreement with the predictions of the perturbation theory. Methods for the preparation of the dyes involving reaction of methylthio quaternary salts (1a, b) with enamines (2a, b) are described.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
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  • 104
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    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 325 (1983), S. 848-852 
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Dicyclopentadien Oxidation III. Variation of Catalyst in the Liquid-Phase Oxidation of Dicyclopentadiene
    Additional Material: 3 Tab.
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  • 105
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    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 325 (1983), S. 842-847 
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Dicyclopentadiene Oxidation. II. Catalyzed Liquid-Phase Oxidation of DicyclopentadieneThe liquid-phase oxidation of dicyclopentadiene 1 by molecular oxygen was studied in the presence of MoO2(acac)2Acac- Acetylacetonat as a typical epoxidation catalyst. The yield of the mono-epoxides 2 and 3 is increased to 56,4% (uncatalyzed reaction: 43,6%). The ratio of the two mono-epoxides is decreased to 2/3= 2,6 in relation to the uncatalyzed reaction ( 2/3= 7,1). The influence of temperature, conversion and solvents is described. The bisepoxide 4 is formed at lower conversions than in the uncatalyzed reaction. But also at higher conversions of 1 not more than 10% of the bisepoxide 4 is formed
    Additional Material: 4 Tab.
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  • 106
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    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 325 (1983), S. 881-892 
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: N.M.R. Spectroscopical Investigations on the Conformational Behaviour of Some 2′ - and 3′-Halogen-substituted Pyrimidine NucleosidesA series of 2′- and 3′-halogenated pyrimidine nucleosides has been synthesized and investigated by 1H, 13C and 19F n.m.r. spectroscopy. The 1H and 13C chemical shifts for the positions 2′ and 3′ depend linearly but oppositely on the substituent electronegativities XR.The conformational equilibrium N ⇌ S of the nucleosides in solution is determined. An approximately linear correlation between the prefered gauche-gauche interaction of the exocyclic CH2OH groups and the ribose N conformation has been found.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
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  • 107
    Electronic Resource
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    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 325 (1983), S. 893-900 
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Autoxidation of Vinylcyclopentane, Vinylcyclohexane, and 4-Vinylcyclohex-1-eneThe title olefins were oxidized with molecular oxygen at 75-80°C. About 40% of the oxygen absorbed were found by iodometric titration as peroxidic oxygen. The reaction products were analyzed by a combination of chemical methods, gas chromatography, and 13C-n.m.r.-spectroscopy.Vinylcyclopentane and vinylcyclohexane are attacked preferably at the tertiary allylic C-H-bonds giving almost equimolar mixtures of the corresponding allylisomeric hydroperoxides. In the case of 4-vinylcyclohex-1-ene the C-H-bonds in position 6 are preferably attacked, but products of attack on the other allylic C-H-bonds also could be identified.In all cases the amount of products which could not be detected gaschromatographically was determined by balance experiments in the presence of an internal standard.
    Additional Material: 10 Tab.
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  • 108
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Zur Wirkung von Metallionen in der organischen Synthese. XI. Hydrolyse und Alkoholyse einiger Acylhydrazine und N-Acyl-N′-arensulfonylhydrazine in Gegenwart von Kupfer (II)-chloridDie Hydrolyse und Alkoholyse einiger Acylhydrazine und N-Acyl-N′-arensulfonylhydrazine in Gegenwart von Kupfer(II)-chlorid · 2 H2O wurden untersucht. Das Mesitylensulfonylhydrazid und die 2,4,6-Triisopropylbenzensulfonylhydrazid-Derivate sind reaktiver als die entsprechenden Hydrazine oder Tosylhydrazid-Derivate.Die entsprechenden Carbonsäuren und Ester erhält man in guten Ausbeuten und unter sehr milden Bedingungen. Die vorliegende Methode ist einfach und bequem im Vergleich zu anderen Methoden. Die Reaktion verläuft wahrscheinlich über Kupferkomplexe der Acylhydrazine.
    Additional Material: 3 Tab.
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  • 109
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Tetrathiafulvalenes. XIX. Synthesis and Properties of Electron Conducting Poly-Dithiolene Complexes with Ethylene Tetrathiolat and Tetrathiafulvalene Tetrathiolat as Bridge Ligands[1,3]-Dithiolo[4,5-d]-1,3-dithiol-2,5-dione 7 and 5-(5-oxo[1,3]-dithiolo[4,5-d]1,3-dithiole-2-ylidene)[1,3]-dithiolo[4,5-d]1,3-dithiol-2-one 8 were synthesised from 1,3-dithiole-2-thione-4,5-dithiolat. The ligands react with salts of iron, cobalt, nickel, palladium, platinum and copper to give the polymer complexes 22a-g and 23a-e, respectively. Irradiation of 7 in the presence of iron penta-, dicobalt octa- or nickel tetracarbonyl gives the corresponding dithiolene complexes 21a-c.The amorphous insoluble polymer complexes from types 21, 22, and 23 have been characterised by i.r.-spectroscopy, susceptibility and conductivity measurements.The nickel complexes have the highest electrical conductivity (σRT ∼ 10-1Ω-1cm-1, pellets) with a very low activation energy (0,045 eV, 100-300 K)A high electron delocalization in the direction of the polymer chain and an easy charge transfer from chain to chain is supposed.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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  • 110
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    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 325 (1983), S. 1011-1015 
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: 1H- and 13C-N.M.R. Investigations of N-Acyl-imino-dithiocarbonic-S,S-dimethylester
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  • 111
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    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 325 (1983), S. 1002-1010 
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Identification of Substituted Naphthalenesulfonic Acids by Means of U.V.-Spectroscopy  -  a Contribution to the Structure Determination of Acid Azo Dyes
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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  • 112
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    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 325 (1983), S. 1030-1032 
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Substituent Effects and 13C-NMR Chemical Shifts of para Substituted N-Phenyl-2,4-Dimethyl-buta-1,3-diene-Sultames-1,4
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  • 113
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    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 325 (1983) 
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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  • 114
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    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 325 (1983), S. 1-16 
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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  • 115
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    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 325 (1983), S. 36-40 
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Studies on the Hydrolysis of Aromatic SulfochloridesThe hydrolysis of aromatic sulfochlorides can bei described by a second-order law. Due to the strength of the base the constants of velocity are between 10-6 (H2O) or 103 (OH-) 1 mol -1 s-1 respectively. The reaction of benzensulfochlorides proceeds according to an addition-elimination mechanism, whereas benzylic sulfochlorides, reacting with a strong base, proceed to an elimination-addition mechanism.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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  • 116
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    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 325 (1983), S. 41-48 
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: 3-Nitromethyl-pyrazoles from 2-Cyano-3-methylthio-4-nitrocrotonic Acid Derivatives2-Cyano-3-methylthio-4-nitrocrotonic Acid Derivatives 1a, b react with hydrazines to form the 5-amino-3-nitromethyl-pyrazoles 2a-c and the 5-nitromethyl-pyrazol-3-one 3 respectively. Contrary to this carboxylic hydrazides attacks the nitro group. For the resulting products the structure of pyrrol-2,5-dione oximes 4 is proposed. On the similar way from 3-methylthio-4-nitro-2-phenylcrotononitrile 1c and phenylhydrazine the pyrrol-2,5-dione hydrazone 5 arises. Subsequent reactions of 2 yield 3-nitromethyl-pyrazole derivatives 6, 3-nitromethyl-azinones 8 and nitromethyl-pyrazolyl-azo compounds 10.
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  • 117
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Complexes of Iron with Aromatic LigandsThe reaction of FeCl3 · 6 H2O with several substituted o-phenylene diamines forms complexes of the Fe(II)-ion with o-quinone diimines. Before the formation of these complexes there are a few of redox reactions between Fe(III)ions and the diamines. The Fe(III)/o-quinone diimine-complex is an intermediate which was characterized by means of spectroscopic methods. The two forms of 6-oxy-7-nitrosobenzthiazoline produce only one 1:3 complex with Fe(II)ions. Also the N-methyl-6-oxy-7-nitrosobenzthiazolium iodide forms a 1:3 complex. In the former complex the quinone-oxim-form is the ligand. The isolated complexes were characterized through elemental analysis and physical methods.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
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  • 118
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    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 325 (1983), S. 17-26 
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Exo- and Endohormones. V. Synthesen des Sexualpheromons des Kiefernknospentriebwicklers (Rhyacionia buoliana) durch Grignard-ReaktionenGrignard-Kopplungen zwischen zwei entsprechenden Synthonen führen zum (E)-9-Dodecen-1-ylacetat (1), dem Sexuallockstoff des Kiefernknospentriebwicklers (Rhyacionioa buoliana). Als solche Synthon-Paare wurden 1-Brom-(E)-2-penten (2) und 7-Bromheptyltetrahydropyranylether (3) bzw. (E)-3-Hexen-1-yltosylat (4) und 6-Bromhexyltrimethylsilylether (5) eingesetzt. Das Endprodukt (1) und die wichtigsten Zwischenprodukte wurden durch ihre 1H- und 13C-NMR-Spektren charakterisiert. Durch die zweite Synthese wurden 100% Regio- und 99% Stereoselektivität erreicht.
    Additional Material: 6 Tab.
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  • 119
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    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 325 (1983), S. 49-54 
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Aminolyse von Urethanen. II. Kinetik und Mechanismus der Aminolyse des Benzyl N-phenylurethans mit Monoethanolamin in aprotischen LösungsmittelnDie Kinetik der Aminolyse des Benzyl-N-phenylurethans in Gegenwart eines Überschusses an Monoethanolamin wurde zwischen 140-160°C in zwei aprotischen Lösungsmitteln (Amin und Ether) verfolgt.Es werden komplexe Geschwindigkeitsgesetze der Form kexp. = k Amin + k' Amin2 gefunden und mit einem E1cB-Verlauf der Aminolysereaktion interpretiert. Ein synchroner E-A-Mechanismus unter Zwischenbildung eines Isocyanats wird dadurch ausgeschlossen, da die N-methylierte Verbindung nicht reagiert.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
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  • 120
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    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 325 (1983), S. 66-74 
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Kinetic Investigations of the Pyrolysis of Mono-n-alkyl-cyclohexanesThe thermal decomposition of cyclohexane and six mono-n-alkylcyclohexanes was studied kinetically in a metallic laboratory tubular reactor at 650 to 850°C and atmospheric pressure.Kinetic parameters were found to be a function of length of the alkylic side chain. A comparison with analogous parameters of n-paraffins and the unsubstituted cyclohexane allowed the conclusion that C—C-scission in the alkylic chain is the initial reaction in pyrolysis of n-alkylcyclohexanes followed by radical attacks to all C—H-bonds of the feed molecules.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
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  • 121
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    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 325 (1983), S. 55-65 
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Vinylogous Acyl Compounds. XX. Reactivity and Toxicity of Aryl-substituted β-Chlorovinyl Ketones, β-Chlorovinyl Aldehydes, and β-Chlorovinyl Methyleniminium SaltsBased on kinetic measurements, the nucleophilic replaceability of the chlorine in aromatic β-chlorovinyl ketones ArCO-CH = CH-Cl (1), isomeric β-chlorovinyl aldehydes OCH—CH=C(Cl)Ar(2), and corresponding β-chlorovinyl methyleniminium salts Me2N⊕;=CH—CH=C(Cl)Ar X⊖ (3) is compared and related to toxicological findings. The chemical reactivity of these important synthetic building blocks increases in the order 2〈1〈3, the acute toxicity (24 h LD50 i. p. in the mouse) shows the graduation 2〈3〈1. Compounds of type 1 prove to be relatively toxic (LD50 24-42 mg/kg) and display a marked necrotic action after percutaneous absorption, whereas the aldehydes 2 have not only a minor acute toxicity (LD50 158-298 mg/kg) but also a somewhat less marked skin damaging activity. In addition, the LD50 values of selected β-chlorovinyl carbonyl compounds are compared with those of corresponding halogen-free compounds as well as of vinylogous carbonamidium salts ArCO—CH=CH—N⊕R3X⊖. The latter, which can be used as synthetic equivalents of 1, differ in both the reduced acute toxicity and missing skin damaging properties.
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  • 122
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    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 325 (1983), S. 88-94 
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The Nitrile Carboxamide Rearrangement and the Formation of Heterocycles via Cyano-cyclohexenyl-ureaAnthranilic amide and cyanogen bromide form Cyano-phenyl-urea (7) via Nitrile Carboxamide Rearrangement. Cyclisation of cyano-cyclohexenyl-urea (4) yields 4-amino-2,3,5,6,7,8-hexahydroquinazolin-2-one (10). 4 and amines form N-cyano-cyclohexenyl-N'-alkyl-ureas (11a-e) or 3-alkyl-4-amino-hexahydroquinazolin-2-ones (12a-g). 4 and α-aminoacids yield octahydro-imidazolo-quinazolindiones (14a-b). Oxo-cyclohexane-2-carboxamide (1) and amino benzimidazole form hexahydrobenzimidazo-quinazolinone 17.
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  • 123
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    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 325 (1983), S. 75-87 
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Graphical and Numerical Analysis of Temperature Dependent Fluorescence Quantum YieldsThe graphical and numerical analysis of temperature dependent fluorescence quantum yields is a suitable method to derive the number and the temperature behaviour of various radiationless processes which are involved in the deactivation of a fluorescent excited state.In this paper eight fluorophore/solvent-systems were analysed, (T from 77K to 320 K) both, numerically and graphically. A computer program (SLAMS) was developed. It bases on a nonlinear regression and produces deactivation parameters and statements concerning the statistics of data, too. The possibilities, preferences and limits of the numerical analysis are discussed in comparison with the graphical method. The calculated results are discussed with regard to the number of radiationless processes, the accuracy of the quantum yield determination and the investigated temperature range.For the physical interpretation of the kinetic parameters of deactivation in addition to the authors results values from the literature were used.
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  • 124
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    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 325 (1983), S. 188-196 
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: About the Nitration of Ethylene OxideNitration of ethylene oxide with pure nitric acid of different concentrations as well as in presence of sulphuric acid was carried out.The products, ethyleneglycol dinitrate 1, diethylenglycol dinitrate 2, triethyleneglycol dinitrate 3, tetraethylenglycol dinitrate 4, ethyleneglycol mononitrate 5, diethyleneglycol mononitrate 6, and 2, 2′-dinitratediethylsulphate 7 were structurally determined by i. r.- and 1H-n. m. r.-spectroscopy.
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  • 125
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Azomethineimine. VI. On the Thermic Behaviour of the Photochromic System Azomethineimine/Diaziridine, Investigated by Means of the Photoproducts of Pyrazolidone-(3)-AzomethineiminesThe photochemically obtained cycloproducts 2 of pyrazolidone-(3)-azomethineimines 1 react thermically to 1 in aprotic solvents. This backreaction was investigated by following up the growth of the intensive long wave absorptionband of 1. The kinetic analysis was carried out according to SWINBOURNE [5, 6]. The thermic backreaction is accelerated by factors favouring a polarization of the C—N(2)-bond (Cδ+ — Nδ-) of diaziridine 2. Such factors are polar solvents, donors in the substituent R and extensive, easily polarizable π-electronic systems in R. The influence of substituents on the backreaction can be correlated by means of the σ+-Hammett-constants. For most compounds the values of EA ≈ ΔH≠, Δ≠ and ΔG≠ were determined. The possible reaction mechanism is discussed. The influence of steric factors on the thermic backreaction is regarded as a first indication of an exo-form of the bicyclic diaziridines 2.
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  • 126
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    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 325 (1983), S. 205-210 
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Azomethineimines. VII. Photochemical and Thermic Behaviour of Azarylsubstituted Pyrazolidone-(3)-AzomethineiminesIn principle the photochemical behaviour of azarylsubstituted pyrazolidone-(3)-azomethineimines 1 does not differ from other pyrazolidone-(3)-azomethineimines. Except for the acridyl-(9)-substituted compound in aprotic solvents they react to bicyclic diaziridines 2. The quantum yield of this reaction has a value of nearly 0.3. For two of the diaziridines 2 the photochemical backreaction was realized. Results of the investigation of the thermic backreaction show the expected stability of the bicyclic diaziridines 2a-d. All the investigated compounds have a pronounced tendency towards several irreversible side reactions.
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  • 127
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    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 325 (1983), S. 211-224 
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The Coordinative Behaviour of N-Substituted 2-(Δ2-Imidazolin-2-yl)-phenols as Metal ExtractantsN-Substituted 2-(Δ2-imidazolin-2-yl)-phenols (R4NNOH) are obtained by the reaction of N-alkyl diaminoethane-1, 2 and 2-hydroxybenzoic acid esters. In contrast to many other copper(II) complexes with the donor set N2O22-(A), the species Cu(R4NNO)2(B) are easily soluble in nonpolar solvents. The reason is the monomeric square-planar structure of B, which differs from the polymeric distorted octahedral structure of A.The two maxima in the vis-spectra of Cu(R4NNO)2 and Ni(R4NNO)2 are assigned to the 3 dxy → 3 dx2-y2 and the 3 dxz, 3 dyz → 3 dx2-y2 electron transitions. The shift of these maxima, which is connected with the dissolution in chloroform, is explained by the formation of hydrogen bonds between the solvent and the N-alkylated nitrogen atoms of the ligands.1H-n. m. r.-spectra and solubility of the ligands and the crystal structure of Cu[(C4H9)NNO]2 are described.
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  • 128
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    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 325 (1983), S. 232-237 
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Reactions of o-Lithio-lithiumphenolate and o-Lithio-N-methyl-lithiumanilide with Halides of Phosphorus, Arsenic and SiliconThe title compounds and chlorides of the type CIERn (E = P, As, Si) react smoothly in a molecular ratio of 1:2 to give the corresponding disubstituted phenole and N-methylaniline derivatives, respectively. Attempts with an 1:1 ratio show different results depending on the reactivity of the E—O or E—N species towards organolithium reagents.
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  • 129
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    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 325 (1983) 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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  • 130
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    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 325 (1983), S. 353-358 
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Thermischer Zerfall von Chinonen Synthese von AnthrimidazodionenDer thermische Zerfall von Endo-9,10-o-phenylen-2-chlor-3-azido-9,10-dihydro-1,4-anthrachinon (2) in einem Überschuß einer heterocyclischen tertiären Base, z. B. Pyridin, Chinolin, Isochinolin, α-, β-, γ-Picolin, Lutidin und Collidin ergibt die Anthrimidazodione (5, 6, 7). Diese werden ebenfalls durch einen Alternativweg synthetisiert: die Kondensation von Endo-9,10-o-phenylen-2,3-dichlor-9,10-dihydro-1,4-anthrachinonen (1) mit 2-Aminopyridin. Chinolin bzw. Isochinolin in Ethanol ergibt die Verbindungen 9a-c. Diese werden anschließend in Eisessig zu den Verbindungen 5, 6, 7 cyclisiert, deren Struktur durch Elementaranalyse und spektroskopische Daten gesichert wird.
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  • 131
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    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 325 (1983), S. 359-363 
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Die elektrochemische Synthese von Benzindolen aus Aminonaphthalenen in Gegenwart von ArsoniumylidenDie elektrochemische Synthese von 2-Aryl-1 H-benz[g]indolen (3a-c) und 2-Aryl-3 H-benz[e]indolen (4a-c) aus methanolischer Lösung von 1- oder 2-Aminonaphthalenen in Gegenwart von kathodisch gebildeten Arsoniumyliden (2a-c) wird beschrieben.Die optimalen Synthesebedingungen werden diskutiert.
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  • 132
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    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 325 (1983), S. 364-374 
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Polyfunctionalized N-Tensides. IV. Synthesis of Hydroxy- and Chlorine Substituted Alkylamines  -  Structure Dependence on the Extraction of Zinc Ions from Hydrochloric AcidA few series of long-chained amines with or without further functional groups in the shorter alkyl chains were synthesised and checked for their extraction power for zinc ions. The extrability of zinc increase in the order secondary tertiary quarternary amino function, is independent of the length of the longest alkyl chain between ten and sixteen carbon atoms and increase with a given substituent R in the order OH ≃ H 〈 Cl.In general there are only small differences between most of the checked amines.
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  • 133
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    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 325 (1983), S. 375-381 
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: On the Pyrolysis of Pent-1-ene-3,3-d2The distribution of deuterium in the main products of the thermal decomposition of pent-1-ene-3,3-d2 at 550 to 650°C was studied and interpreted. The results include conclusions on kinetic isotope effects, on relative reactivities of different C—H-bonds, and on the importance of nonterminal radical addition. It is shown that butadiene-d2 detected in the isotopically labeled butadiene fraction is a reliable target molecule for the homoallylic rearrangement of the pent-1-ene-4-yl-3,3-d2 radical.
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  • 134
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    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 325 (1983), S. 382-386 
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Reaktion des [Fe(DMF)3Cl2] [FeCl4]-Komplexes mit einigen Phenol-DerivatenDer Anwendungsbereich des [Fe(DMF)3Cl2] [FeCl4]-Komplexes, der in der biomimetischen Synthese einiger Naturprodukte angewendet wird, wurde weitergehend an Phloroglycinol- und Resorcinol-Systemen untersucht.Es wurde keine oxidative Dimerisierung beobachtet. Die Chlorierung der Methylengruppe und die Cyclisierung der entsprechend substituierten o-Hydroxyacetophenone zu den Cumaran-3-on-Derivaten laufen nebeneinander ab.
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  • 135
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    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 325 (1983), S. 387-392 
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Syntheses of 1-(β-D-Arbinofuranosyl)-pyrimidinesNew synthetic methods of 1-(β-D-arabinofuranosyl)-pyrimidines are described. 1-(β-D-arabinofuranosyl)-uracil, 1-(β-D-arabinofuranosyl)-5-fluorouracil, 1-(β-D-arabinofuranosyl)-thymine, and 1-(β-D-arabinofuranosyl)-cytosine can be obtained in a high yield by the splitting of the anhydrobond in 2,2′-anhydropyrimidines in dipolar aprotic solvents, such as HMPT, DMF, and DMSO, respectively, in the presence of activated elemental copper.Unlike the formation of cyclopyrimidiens ribonucleosides are directly transformed to the corresponding arabinofuranosyl derivatives by the reaction with diphenylcarbonate and NaHCO3 in the presence of copper. The reaction proceeds probably via an intermediate formation of the cycloproduct. Further aspects on the mechanism are described.
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  • 136
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    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 325 (1983), S. 393-404 
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Electrochemical Oxidation of Organic Compounds in Fluorosulfuric Acid. I. Voltammetric Investigation of ArylsulfofluoridesThe electrochemical oxidation of phenylsulfonylfluoride 1g and 16 of its alkylsubstituted derivates 1a-1g as well as a series of monomeric and dimeric products of the chemical oxidation of 1 were investigated by cyclic voltammetry in fluorosulfuric acid at -76°C. In all cases cation radicals could be detected as primary oxidation products. In further reaction steps one or two meta- or ortho-methyl groups are converted into fluorosulfonyloxymethyl groups. Depending on the stability of the cation radicals this process occurs either through an EEC-mechanism via the intermediate formation of dications (penta- and tetramethylsubstituted compounds) or through an ECE-mechanism with rate determining deprotonation of the cation radical.
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  • 137
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    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 325 (1983), S. 422-428 
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: 13C-NMR Spectroscopic Investigations of Brominated 3-Keto- and 3β-Acetoxy-5α-cholestane DerivativesThe chemical shifts of some brominated 3-keto- and 3β-acetoxy-5α-cholestane derivatives are determined. The substituent effects of bromine atoms on chemical shifts (SCS) and their additive behaviour, especially γ-SCS, are discussed.
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  • 138
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    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 325 (1983), S. 475-480 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Antiviral Active Complexes of Palladium Chloride with 2-Pyridine Amines2-Pyridine amines (L) form complexes with palladium chloride LPdCl2OH2 and L2PdCl2, respectively. The synthesis and analytical characterisation, ir-spectra, n.m.r.-spectra of these complexes with L = 2-pyridine amine, 4-methyl-2-pyridine amine and 6-methyl-2-pyridine amine and of π-allyl palladium chloride 4-methyl-2-pyridine amine are described.
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  • 139
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    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Reactions of Heteroaryliminotriphenylphosphoranes with Heterocumulenes: Synthesis and Cycloaddition Reactions of α-N-Heteroaryl-substituted CarbodiimidesN-α-Heteroaryl-substituted iminotriphenylphosphoranes react with phenylisocyanate, phenylisothiocyanate, and carbon disulfide to symmetrical and unsymmetrical α-heteroaryl-carbodiimides. These can not be isolated as monomeres because they behave as 1.3-diazabutadienes predominantly and form 4+2-cycloadducts. The monomeric intermediates cyclodimerize to the 1.3.5-triazines 5 resp. 14 or react by the same scheme both with phenylisocyanate and with phenylisothiocyanate to give the 1.3.5-triazines 4, resp. 12. In competition with this reaction a 2+2-cycloaddition takes place, hence there follow numerous by-products. The structure of 1.3.5-triazines is determined from hydrolysis to guanidines 6 and on the basis of spectroscopic methods.
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  • 140
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    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 325 (1983), S. 457-462 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: 3-Amino-thieno[2,3-b]furans and 3-Amino-thieno[3,2-b]furansThe O-alkylation of 2-hydroxy-thiophene-3-carbonitriles (1) with α-bromocarbonyl compounds yields the 2-alkoxy-thiophene-3-carbonitriles (2a-f) among them 2-benzoylmethoxy-thiophene-3-carbonitriles (2a-c) which undergo Thorpe-Ziegler-cyclization to form the 3-amino-2-benzoyl-thieno[2,3-b]furans (3) in low yields. The 2-acyl-3-amino-thieno[3,2-b]furans and ethyl 3-amino-thieno[3,2-b]furan-2-carboxylates (6) are synthesized in similar manner from 3-hydroxy-thiophene-2-carbonitriles (4) and α-halogencarbonyl compounds via 3-acylmethoxy- and 3-ethoxycarbonylmethoxy-thiophene-2-carbonitriles (5) with high yields.
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  • 141
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    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 325 (1983), S. 481-488 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Dicyclopentadiene Oxidation I. Uncatalyzed Liquid-Phase Oxidation of DicyclopentadieneDicyclopentadiene is oxidized by molecular oxygen to a mixture of the monoepoxides 2 and 3. The identification of the epoxides 2, 3 and 4 was executed with authentic samples prepared by epoxidation with peracetic acid or with tert-butylhydroperoxide in the presence of MoO2(acac)2acac  -  Acetylacetonat The main product is the substituted norbornene oxide 2 . Allylic oxidation is also observed. Remarkable amounts of hydroperoxides can be determined iodometrically. The formation of allylic oxidation products 7 , 8 , 9 and 10 was proved by GC-MS-analysis. It is shown that in the uncatalyzed liquid phase oxidation of dicyclopentadiene no more than 50% of epoxides are formed. The bisepoxide 4 was found in small amounts only at higher conversions of the dicyclopentadiene.
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  • 142
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    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 325 (1983), S. 505-510 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Benzopyrylium Salts. IV. Synthesis and Spectral Properties of 2-Coumar-3′-yl-benzopyrylium Salts
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  • 143
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    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 325 (1983), S. 501-504 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Synthese von 2,3-Diformyl-7-methylbenzofuran und entsprechenden Derivaten
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  • 144
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    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 325 (1983), S. 511-516 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Synthesis of o-Halogenphenoxy, o-Halogenphenylthio and o-Halogen-methylanilino Derivatives of Group IVb, Vb Elements
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    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 325 (1983), S. 525-526 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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  • 146
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    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 325 (1983), S. 526-526 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 325 (1983), S. 527-528 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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  • 148
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    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 325 (1983) 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
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    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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  • 149
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    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 325 (1983), S. 529-533 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Prostaglandins and Prostaglandin Intermediates. VIII. Synthesis of (1S, 5S)-5-Methyl-2-oxa-bicyclo[3.3.0]octane-3,6-dione, an Important Intermediate for 8-Methylprostaglandin C2The bicyclic lactone 5 is prepared by Meerwein-Ponndorf-Verley-reduction of the chiral cyclopentyl acetic acid 3. The stereoselectivity of this reaction is compared with that of complex metal hydride reductions.
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  • 150
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    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 325 (1983), S. 534-544 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: On Regularities of the π-Electronic Structure of Heteroanalogous Polyvinylidene CompoundsStarting with simple forms of the equations for the eigenvalues and eigencoefficients of the π-system of heteroanalogous polyvinylidene compounds 3 several regularities in the π-electronic structure of these systems are derived and compared with known experimental facts. In this line several predictions are given for the properties of compounds unknown up to now.
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  • 151
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    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Formylierungsprodukte von Thioamiden. IV. Reaktionen von 3-Dialkylamino-und 3-Hydroxythioacrylamiden mit Aminen - Synthese von 3-Aminothioacrylamiden, 5-Aminopyrazolen und 3-Aminoisothiazoliumsalzen3-Hydroxythioacrylsäureamide (5) oder 3-Dialkylaminothioacrylsäureamide (4) bzw. deren Salze (3) werden von Aminen oder Hydrazinen leicht in 3-Position unter Substitution angegriffen, wobei 3-Aminothioacrylsäureamide (6) gebildet werden. Über die Zwischenstufe der 6 sind in Abhängigkeit vom Substituenten in 3-Position entweder durch Oxydation 5-Aminoisothiazoliumsalze (7) oder durch intramolekularen nucleophilen Angriff am Kohlenstoffatom 1-Aminopyrazole (10) erhältlich.
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    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 325 (1983), S. 695-698 
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: 1H-N.M.R. Spectroscopic Investigations on Stereochemistry of Substituted ButadienesThe butadienes 1-6, obtained by Knoevenagel condensation of furfuryliden, 5-bromofurfuryliden, and benzylidenaceton with malononitril and ethyl cyanoacetat respectively, have been investigated 1H-n.m.r. spectroscopically. Structure and configuration of the isomers could be determined with the help of deuteration experiments, anisotropy effects, and Eu(fod)3 shift reagents measurements.
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    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 325 (1983), S. 774-786 
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Theoretical Investigations on the Decomposition Equilibrium of Urea in Gaseous State and Aqueous SolutionThere is empirical evidence that among the two possible decomposition equilibria of urea in the gaseous and aqueous states the desammonation process prevails. In the present work the thermodynamic and kinetic conditions of desammonation and dehydration based on intramolecular mechanisms were examined by means of quantum chemical methods. The application of MNDO method yields correct structural data, dipole moments and ionisation potentials; the solvation is taken into account using NDDO based solvation and reaction field models. Maximum deviations concerning enthalpies of formation in π-electron rich compounds reach up to 40kJ/mole. A detailed examination of the energy hyperfaces reveals that the dehydration is kinetically hindered by a significantly high activation barrier. This situation is not essentially altered by taking into account nonspecific solvent effects in aqueous solution.
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    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 19 (1983), S. 1-15 
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: The boundary element method as it applies to two-dimensional elastostatic problems is implemented with quadratic variation in boundary variables and geometry. Additional parameters are associated with nodes at segment intersections to allow for discontinuous tractions. Supplementary equations consistent with linear elasticity are used to augment the regular boundary integral equations for certain mixed and displacement boundary conditions. Zoning or subregionalization capabilities are included to provide solutions to piecewise nonhomogeneous problems or problems on regions of irregular shape. Example problems are given to demonstrate the accuracy of the technique.
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    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 19 (1983), S. 49-57 
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: In this paper, the application of successive block overrelaxation methods to obtain the deflection of a skew plate are compared, although the techniques herein are applicable to a wider range of problems. An algorithm for the direct solution of the submatrices comprising the two-line blocks of the skew grid is presented and the results are compared with the block (line and peripheral) overrelaxation methods.
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    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 19 (1983), S. 157-168 
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: Treatment of the finite element method for an unbounded field problem was proposed by McDonald and Wexler in 1972. Their method is superior to others, because it can exclude the singularities of Green's functions. This paper explains the treatment of the method in our 1979 letter which had some revisions of McDonald and Wexler's and calculated the time-harmonic field problems. Examples presented are electromagnetic fields of two-dimensional tapers which are open-ended. Electromagnetic waves propagate in the taper and radiate from the taper to free space. In this case, the exact solutions for radiation from tapers are not available because of the complicated shape, and so the finite element method is useful in solving these problems. Electromagnetic fields of tapers involving dielectric slabs are also calculated as examples of inhomogeneous problems.
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    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 19 (1983), S. 257-269 
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: Procedures for smoothing experimentally determined displacement fields are presented such that dynamic, non-steady-state metalworking processes can be analysed using the visioplasticity method. The procedure establishes a rectangular grid in which strain, strain rate and stress values may optionally be obtained at all points on the grid. The condition of material continuity is automatically satisfied by constraints during polynomial smoothing in position and time, using the Gram-Schmidt orthogonalization technique. Examples are given of quasi-static and dynamic plane strain upsetting operations.
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    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 19 (1983), S. 293-303 
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    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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    Notes: By using the finite element technique, stress intensity factors have been obtained for finite rectangular plates and the results have been given for various h/a, W/a and L/W ratios. By using a three-dimensional isoparametric element, the problem has been considered as a three-dimensional one and the variation of stress intensity factor across the plate thickness has been found to be nonlinear.
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    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 19 (1983) 
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    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 19 (1983), S. 185-215 
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    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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    Notes: It is well known that one way to treat nonlinear periodic dynamical systems governed by ordinary differential equations is to find first the corresponding point mappings. This approach has many advantages but it has a main obstacle in that it is difficult to obtain the exact mapping except in very special cases. Presented in this paper is a procedure which allows us to determine the point mapping in a polynomial form up to any specific degree of accuracy. The procedure when applied to linear periodic systems reduces to the one proposed by Friedmann et al.22 After presenting the algorithm for finding the point mappings, the method is applied to several problems in order to study the dynamical properties of the systems and to demonstrate the usefulness of the method.
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    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 19 (1983), S. 281-291 
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    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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    Notes: The inclusion principle provides a qualitative characterization of the eigenvalues of a matrix. The principle has been shown to apply to systems described by a single Hermitian matrix, the most important of which being the real symmetric matrix. Self-adjoint distributed systems, when discretized by either the classical Rayleigh-Ritz method or by the finite element method, lead to algebraic eigenvalue problems described in terms of two real symmetric matrices. The algebraic eigenvalues problem derived by the classical Rayleigh-Ritz method possesses the embedding feature required by the inclusion principle, but that derived by the finite element method in general does not. This paper demonstrates that the inclusion principle can be extended to discretized systems derived by the hierarchical finite element method.
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    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 19 (1983), S. 310-310 
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    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 19 (1983), S. 581-615 
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    Notes: This paper presents a geometrically nonlinear formulation using total lagrangian approach for the three-dimensional curved shell elements. The basic element geometry is constructed using the coordinates of the middle surface nodes and the mid-surface nodal point normals. The element displacement field is described using three translations of the mid-surface nodes and the two rotations about the local axes. The existing shell element formulations are restricted to small nodal rotations between two successive load increments. The element formulation presented here removes such restrictions. This is accomplished by retaining nonlinear nodal rotation terms in the definition of the displacement field and the consistent derivation of the element properties. The formulation presented here is very general and yet can be made specific by selecting proper nonlinear functions representing the effects of nodal rotations. The element properties are derived and presented in detail. Numerical examples are also presented to demonstrate the behaviour and the accuracy of the elements.
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    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 19 (1983), S. 393-404 
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    Notes: A new, improved infinite element based on mapping is proposed for modelling unbounded domain problems. Mapping has previously been used in such problems, not only for the entire domain, but also for the infinite element itself. The novelty of the present approach is the simplicity of the mapping, and the retention of standard integration abscissae and weights. The implementation of these elements is very straightforward, and they are ideally suited for the analysis of infinite domain static problems in two and three dimensions.
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    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 19 (1983), S. 647-664 
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    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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    Notes: A Fortran computer program is described which calculates physical quantities for a class of shell triangular elements undergoing inextensional bending. These elements are in quadratic parametric representation and may have positive, zero or negative Gaussian curvature.The exact inextensional bending solutions for the rectangular displacement components are cubic in the surface co-ordinates and the curvature changes are relatively slowly varying.
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    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 19 (1983), S. 757-764 
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    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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    Notes: An algorithm based on a new formulation of problem is used in generating the co-ordinates of the meridian of the drop-shaped tank. The stresses and moments of this form, due to the varying hydrostatic pressure head, are obtained by a finite element simulation and the usefulness of this approach is assessed.
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    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 19 (1983), S. 451-465 
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    Notes: In this paper we extend predictor-corrector methods, commonly used for the numerical solution of ordinary differential equations (o.d.e.s), to parabolic partial differential equations (p.d.e.s), typically of the form ut = auxx + ƒ(u, ux, x, t).We describe linear multistep methods for p.d.e.s, the nonlinear algebraic equations arising from implicit formulae being solved using a corrector analogous to those used for o.d.e.s. A sufficient condition for convergence of the iteration is then derived and is found, in most cases, to be far less restrictive than that obtained from the usual method of lines approach. Numerical results are presented to investigate the necessity of this condition. They also indicate that we can accelerate convergence by reducing the time increment. This allows us to achieve convergence within a prescribed number of iterations and so to construct PCm methods corresponding to P(EC)m methods for o.d.e.s. Numerical results are also given to test the absolute stability of the Crank-Nicolson corrector for various predictors P, and iterations, m.
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    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 19 (1983), S. 505-520 
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    Notes: It is shown in this paper that non-conforming finite elements on the triangle using second-degree polynomials can be easily built and used. Indeed they appear as an ‘enriched’ version of the standard piecewise quadratic six-node element. This work is divided into two parts. In the first we present the basic properties of the element, namely how it can be built and basic error estimates. We also show that this element exhibits a very peculiar regularity property. In the second part we apply our element to the approximation of viscous incompressible flows and more generally to the approximation of incompressible materials.
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    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 19 (1983), S. 623-624 
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    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 19 (1983), S. 665-709 
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    Notes: A number of numerical methods for mildly nonlinear elliptic boundary value problems on general domains is presented. The discretization procedures considered are: a fourth-order FFT-type method, collocation using Hermite bicubic splines and Galerkin with linear triangular as well as quadratic quadrilateral isoparametric elements. The linearized collocation and Galerkin equations are solved by various direct methods available in the ELLPACK system. A comparative study of the above equation solvers is presented for different domain geometries and compilers. The evaluation of software for the general mildly nonlinear elliptic equations is performed over 36 instances from a population of 16 parametrized problems with ‘real world’ and ‘mathematical’ behaviour. The performance data suggests that collocation is an effective method for such general problems, while Galerkin with quadratic quadrilateral isoparametric elements is uniformly superior to the one with linear elements.
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    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 19 (1983), S. 739-755 
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    Notes: Stable difference schemes that approximate partial differential equations to any desired order are generated by means of power series. The method is demonstrated on the one-dimensional heat equation and the stability is studied in detail. Stability analyses are then presented for parabolic linear equations with constant coefficients. A nonlinear example is presented which indicates the efficiency of the higher ordered schemes.
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    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 19 (1983), S. 772-784 
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    Notes: The Davidon-Fletcher-Powell (DFP) algorithm for multivariable unconstrained nonlinear function minimization is implemented on a desk microcomputer - the Hindustan Computers MICRO-2200 - with a floppy disk memory extension peripheral. The program is developed using the programming keys of the system. The program is closely based on FMFP, a well-known FORTRAN subroutine of the algorithm. Among the exercises performed are two standard nonlinear programming (NLP) test problems, namely the Rosenbrock and Wood function minimization and two SUMT (Sequential Unconstrained Minimization Technique) illustration problems in structural optimization, i.e. two-bar and three-bar truss weight minimization examples. Experience bears out the potential of desk calculating systems as tools in nonlinear programming algorithm research. Also, the small-scale structural optimization capability afforded by such systems is expected to be of significance in teaching and preliminary design contexts.
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    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 19 (1983), S. 831-840 
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    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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    Notes: A clearer understanding of the problems associated with reduced integration and optimum integration schemes for the development of Mindlin plate elements is presented. It is shown that an optimal selective integration rule can be found for the 4-node quadrilateral plate bending element which requires 2 × 2 Gaussian integration for bending energy and 1 × 2 and 2 × 1 rules for the shear energy terms from (θx - w,x) and (θy - w,y), respectively. This will give an element of correct rank, without any zero energy mechanisms and without shear locking in the thin plate limit, and better performance in moderately thick situations than the currently available 4-node quadrilaterals using one-point shear integration or modified one-point shear integration due to Hughes et al. The effects of arbitrary orientation of the grid and the non-rectangular form of element are discussed.
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    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 19 (1983), S. 873-889 
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    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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    Notes: A decomposition procedure is proposed in this paper for solving a class of large-scale optimum design problems for perfectly-plastic structures under several alternative loading conditions. The conventional finite element method is used to cast the problem into a finite dimensional constrained nonlinear programming problem. Structures of practically meaningful size and complexity tend to give rise to a large number of variables and constraints in the corresponding mathematical model. The difficulty is that the state-of-the-art mathematical programming theory does not provide reliable and efficient ways of solving large-scale constrained nonlinear programming problems. The natural idea to deal with the large-scale structural problem is somehow to decompose the problem into a collection of small-size problems each of which represents an analysis of the behaviour of each finite element under a single loading condition. This paper proposes one such way of decomposition based on duality theory and a recently developed iterative algorithm called the proximal point algorithm.
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    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 19 (1983), S. 949-949 
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    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 19 (1983), S. 1871-1880 
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    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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    Notes: The heating (or cooling) of the rock adjacent to water flowing through a crevice is of interest in certain geothermal studies. For many purposes, only the rock temperature at the rock-water interface is needed. The fact that the convective heat transfer coefficient is a function of time in the case of unsteady flow takes this problem out of the strictly classical domain.Several methods of solution are described. An approach in which the heat equation is solved, under appropriate side conditions, by standard finite difference techniques is shown to be satisfactory but rather wasteful because much unneeded information concerning internal rock temperatures must be obtained. Several integral equations of Volterra type are derived that provide the temperature only at the interface. Two numerical approaches to their solution are described: one quite classical and only partially effective; the other an apparently new algorithm that is fast and efficient. Analytical upper and lower bounds on the temperature are obtained and serve to demonstrate that this numerical device is also very accurate.The algorithm is applicable to a wide class of Volterra integral equations of the second kind. A brief discussion of the possible future uses of this scheme and the need for additional research is given.
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    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 19 (1983), S. 73-91 
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    Notes: In this study, three boundary element method approaches are compared by solving a typical problem in linear elastodynamics. The first approach formulates and solves the problem in the real time domain in conjunction with a time-stepping algorithm. The other two approaches formulate and solve the problem in the Laplace and the Fourier transformed domains, which necessitates a numerical inversion of the results to the time domain. The results obtained compare favourably with available analytic solutions. A detailed tabulation of the computer time and memory requirements of each approach is presented.
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    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 19 (1983), S. 341-353 
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    Notes: An analysis of the stability and oscillation properties of upwind finite element methods for convection-diffusion is given and used to develop a variable upwinding formulation. This formulation is particularly well suited to problems with nonconstant coefficients, nonlinearity or non-uniform meshes. We present the theoretical analysis and numerical studies for a standard steady-state and transient model one-dimensional convection-diffusion problem. The variable upwind strategy can also be used to significant advantage in conjunction with adaptive mesh refinement. Numerical results for the steady-state case in which convection dominates and the mesh is adaptively refined into a boundary layer confirm the efficacy of the scheme.
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    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 19 (1983), S. 237-255 
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    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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    Notes: A shear-flexible finite element is employed to investigate the transient response of isotropic, orthotropic and layered anisotropic composite plates. Numerical convergence and stability of the element is established using Newmark's direct integration technique. Numerical results for deflections and stresses are presented for rectangular plates under various boundary conditions and loadings. The parametric effects of the time step, finite element mesh, lamination scheme and orthotropy on the transient response are investigated. The present results agree very closely with the results available in the literature for isotropic plates, and the results for composite plates should serve as bench marks for future comparisons by other investigators.
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    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 19 (1983), S. 305-309 
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    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 19 (1983), S. 311-311 
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    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 19 (1983), S. 355-371 
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    Notes: This paper contains numerical considerations on, and the results of the problem of a fluid filtering through a porous, isotropic, homogeneous, three-dimensional dam with variable cross-section. The numerical solution is obtained by the finite element method using cylindrical elements that exactly match the curved part of the boundary.Furthermore, a lower and an upper numerical enclosure of the free boundary are considered, together with a description of the procedure of calculations performed by an IBM 370/158 computer.
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    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 19 (1983), S. 421-430 
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    Notes: A new technique for the solution of singular integral equations is proposed, where the unknown function may have a particular singular behaviour, different from the one defined by the dominant part of the singular integral equation. In this case the integral equation may be discretized by two different quadratures defined in such a way that the collocation points of the one correspond to the integration points of the other. In this manner the system is reduced to a n × n system of discrete equations and the method preserves, for the same number of equations, the same polynomial accuracy. The main advantage of the method is that it can proceed without using special collocation points. This new technique was tested in a series of typical examples and yielded results which are in good agreement with already existing solutions.
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    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 19 (1983), S. 479-493 
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    Notes: A uniform linearly elastic beam element with non-coinciding centres of geometry, shear and mass is studied under stationary harmonic end excitation. The Euler-Bernoulli-Saint Venant theory is applied. Thus the effect of warping is not taken into account. The frequency-dependent 12 × 12 element stiffness matrix is established by use of an exact method. The translational and rotational displacement functions are represented as sums (real) of complex exponential terms where the complex exponents are numerically found. Built-up structures containing beam elements of the described type can be analysed with ease and certainty using existing library subroutines.
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    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 19 (1983), S. 567-580 
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    Notes: The implementation of a combined boundary element-finite element analysis capability is discussed. A comparison is then made between the finite element, boundary element and coupled method as applied to unbounded problems in elasticity and plasticity.
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    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 19 (1983), S. 521-539 
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    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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    Notes: An elasto-plastic analysis of thin plates and shells by means of the finite element displacement method is considered for anisotropic materials, using the Semiloof curved shell element. The elasto-plastic analysis is based on the Huber-Mises yield criterion extended by Hill for anisotropic materials. The yield function is generalized by introducing anisotropic parameters of plasticity which are updated during the material strain hardening history.Numerical examples are presented and compared with available solutions. The effects of anisotropy on these solutions are also discussed. The practical problem of an aerofoil blade is also considered and some results presented.
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    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 19 (1983), S. 617-622 
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    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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    Notes: An algorithm to generate universal matrices for plane triangular finite elements for the general ‘quasi-harmonic’ equation is presented. For every member of the triangle family three numerical universal matrices are obtained which are independent of the size, shape and ‘material’ properties of the element. Of these, two are basic and the third can be generated from one of these two. The element ‘stiffness’ matrix is conveniently generated by manipulating these two basic matrices taking into account the size, shape and material properties of the element in a simple manner.
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    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 19 (1983), S. 711-724 
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    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: The method of differential quadrature is demonstrated by solving the two-dimensional Poisson equation. The results for three test problems are compared with the exact analytical solutions and the numerical solutions obtained by others for the Galerkin, the control-volume and the five-point finite difference methods. The method of differential quadrature leads to more accurate results for comparable levels of computational effort.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
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  • 193
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    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 19 (1983), S. 765-771 
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
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  • 194
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    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 19 (1983), S. 785-788 
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 195
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    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 19 (1983), S. 811-824 
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: A nonlinear, large deflection, elasto-plastic finite element code (EPSA) has been developed for the analysis of shells in an acoustic medium subjected to dynamic loadings. The nonlinear equations of shells are discretized with the aid of a finite difference/finite element method based upon the principle of virtual work. The resulting system of equations contains the nodal displacements as the generalized co-ordinates of the problem. The integration in time of the equations of motion is done explicitly via a central difference scheme.Shell strain-displacement relations are established by a two-dimensional finite difference scheme. The shell constitutive equations are formulated in terms of the shell stress resultants and the shell strains and curvatures. The fluid-structure interaction is accounted for by means of the doubly asymptotic approximation (DAA) expressed in terms of orthogonal fluid expansion functions. The analytically produced results satisfactorily reproduce available experimental data for dynamically loaded shells.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
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  • 196
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    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 19 (1983), S. 913-927 
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: In this publication we present a new infinite element and discuss a formula for numerical quadrature over infinite regions. Both the element and the formula are based on the properties of a set of orthonormal functions, obtained by mapping the Legendre polynomials on the infinite interval. The element can represent any (physical) function over the entire infinite region, and the formula can integrate most integrands over the infinite interval. They are thus very convenient for implementation in a general computer program, which could then be used to solve different problems with no restrictions concerning the asymptotic behaviour of the solutions or the form of integrands to be integrated over the infinite interval. However, the element and the formula will perform at their best when used in conjunction, and for problems of electrostatic, magnetostatic, etc., potential.The formula was compared with other existing formulae and found to be either superior or satisfactory in practically all cases, as shown by the results of many numerical experiments.Expressions of shape functions are given for the element. A test problem was solved using the element and the formula, and the results are shown to be more accurate than those obtained when solving the same problem using infinite elements with exponential decay and Gauss-Laguerre numerical quadrature.
    Additional Material: 2 Tab.
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  • 197
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    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 19 (1983), S. i 
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 198
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    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 19 (1983), S. 17-26 
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: A simple two-step corrective technique is presented in this paper for evaluating stress intensity factors in crack problems. In the first step an approximate evaluation of the stress intensity factor was made by considering the cracked plate to be of infinite size. The stresses of the problem were relaxed by the stresses of the infinite body which corresponds to the approximate value of the stress intensity factor. The expected discrepancy in the value of SIF by the infinite plate approximation was corrected in the second step where the existing residual stresses are equilibrated at the cracked plate by using any of the conventional finite element techniques and the corrective value of the stress intensity factor is calculated by using an appropriate collocation formula. The method was applied to three typical plane problems of cracked plates with satisfactory results.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
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  • 199
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    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 19 (1983), S. 431-449 
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: A uniform linear beam in a uniform linear ambient medium is studied. The beam performs stationary harmonic damped nonsynchronous space vibration in simultaneous tension, torsion, bending and shear in the presence of a large static axial load. Hysteretic and viscous dampings of the beam material and ambient medium are considered. Generalized complex Koloušek functions are derived. A 12 × 12 complex symmetric stiffness matrix is established for a supported beam member excited at its ends by prescribed harmonic translations and rotations which have the same frequency but may be out of phase. This matrix allows for an exact analysis of nonproportionally damped built-up beam structures, thus avoiding assumed mode shapes and lumped or consistent masses. A general notation is suggested. Numerical examples are given, including applications of the computer program SFVIBAT-DAMP.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
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    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 19 (1983), S. 468-472 
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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