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  • 1985-1989  (943)
  • 1975-1979
  • 1960-1964
  • 1920-1924
  • 1986  (943)
  • Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy  (943)
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  • 1985-1989  (943)
  • 1975-1979
  • 1960-1964
  • 1920-1924
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  • 101
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 9 (1986), S. 257-259 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Gas chromatography, GC ; Fused silica capillary columns ; Thermal energy analysis ; Nitrosamines in foods ; Steam distillation-extraction ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 102
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 9 (1986), S. 272-277 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Gas chromatography, GC ; Large diameter columns ; Megabore columns ; Packed column conversion ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Large diameter open tubular columns provide the packed column chromatographer with a simple route to higher resolution gas chromatography. They can be operated in a high-flow (lower resolution) mode that permits their direct substitution for a packed column, or they can be operated in a low-flow (higher resolution) mode that maximizes separation at the cost of longer analysis times. Inlet design and column installation can influence both the chromatographic results and quantiative reliability. Make-up gas is not required in the high-flow mode, and its benefits in the low-flow mode are restricted to enhanced detector sensitivity, provided the outlet end of the column resides in the detector jet (FID). The columns seem fully compatible with all common modes of detection.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 103
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 9 (1986), S. 293-295 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Mass spectrometry ; Capillary GC ; Fused silica GC ; Nitro-PAHs ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 104
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 9 (1986), S. 300-301 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Reversed phase high performance liquid chromatography, RP-HPLC ; Transition metal ions ; EDTA as complexing agent ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 105
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 9 (1986), S. 308-309 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: High performance liquid chromatography, HPLC ; Reverse phase ; Internal standard ; Trimellitic anhydride ; Air sample ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 106
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Fast high-performance liquid chromatography ; Plasma and urine analysis ; Solid-phase extraction ; β-Glucuronide conjugation ; Anti-brain-edema agent ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A simple and rapid high-performance liquid chromatographic method for the determination of R[(5,6-Dichloro-2,3,9,9a-tetrahydro-3-oxo-9a-propyl-1-H-fluoren-7-yl)oxy]acetic acid (I) in human plasma and urine is described. The method utilizes Bond-Elut® cartridge facilitate the drug extraction. Analysis is performed on a short reversed-phase column with a mobile phase consisting of acetonitrile and phosphate buffer and quantification is carried out by ultraviolet detection with a wave-length set at 340 nm. The method is linear and reproducible for both plasma and urine analyses (0.25-50) μg/mL) with the detection limit of 125 ng/mL of plasma and urine. Plasma and urine concentrations of / at selected time intervals following I.V. administration of single rising doses are presented.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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  • 107
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 9 (1986), S. 407-408 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Planar liquid chromatography ; Overpressured layer chromatography ; Red peppers ; Quality control ; Carotenoids ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 108
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 9 (1986), S. 412-414 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Capillary columns ; Zanthoxylum tessmannii (Engl.) Ayafor ; Amides ; Terpene hydrocarbons ; Alkaloids ; Medicinal plant ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 109
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 9 (1986), S. 35-38 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Gas chromatography, GC ; Fused silica capillary columns ; Quantification ; Uremia ; Steroid metabolites ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Neutral steroid metabolites enriched from urine and hemofiltrate were identified by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry and quantified by capillary gas chromatography. This study included 20 healthy controls and 37 uremic patients. Before enrichment of steroids from biological material, the standard deviation of the workup procedure and subsequent derivatization into the trimethylsilyl-enol-trimethylsilyl ethers was tested and found to be 2-5% in urine and 12-17% in the more complicated workup procedure of hemofiltrate, but essentially smaller than the biological standard deviation. Compared to the 24 h urinary excretion rates of controls, the excretion rates of androsterone, etiocholanolone, and corticoid metabolites were significantly lower in uremic body fluids, while those of 11-oxygenated androstanolones, degradation products of corticoids, were enhanced in uremic urine. The ratio of corticoid metabolites to 11-oxygenated androstanolones in urine of nondialyzed uremics correlated significantly with their plasma creatinine levels.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 110
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 9 (1986), S. 502-505 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Trace analysis ; Light hydrocarbons ; Ambient air ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A previously described method for the quantitative analysis of C2 - C6 hydrocarbons in the ppt range based on cryogenic preconcentration has been improved further. Problems caused by condensation of O2 and traces of water from the sample were overcome using a modified dyring procedure and a tandem preconcentration trap. In addition, the flow path through the unit was simplified further. Technical details are given. The reproducibility of both quantitative results and retention times was improved by these modifications. Typical standard deviations were in the order of 2% at the 200 ppt level.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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  • 111
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 9 (1986), S. 525-527 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Supercritical fluid chromatography, SFC ; Eluent composition gradients ; Temperature gradients ; Resolution ; Optimization ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 112
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 9 (1986), S. 533-534 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Microcolumn HPLC ; Reversed phase chromatography ; Humic substances ; Fulvic acid ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 113
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 9 (1986), S. 542-543 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 114
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 9 (1986), S. 111-115 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Liquid chromatography, LC ; Exclusion chromatography ; Glass microcolumns ; Protein association ; Surfactants ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The application of microcolumn exclusion chromatography to the determination of equilibrium and kinetic association constants for proteins is described. Taking phospholipase A2 as an example, the relationship between association and enzymatic activity was investigated. A procedure for determination of the critical concentration of micelle formation (CCM) in surfactants was developed.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
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  • 115
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 9 (1986), S. 584-589 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Chromatography ; Additivity of sorption energy ; Universal equation ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Deviations from the additivity of energy contributions to substance sorption energies, determined on the basis of thermodynamic studies of GC behavior of homologous series of organic compounds fall into two categories: one for n-alkanes, the other for homologous series containing a functional group. A previously derived equation is proposed for homologous series, describing the deviation from the linear dependence of retention parameters with a propagating homolog n-alkyl chain. The equation permits calculation of retention parameters of homologs starting from the first member in gas-liquid, gas-solid, and liquid-liquid systems. The results prove its universal applicability.
    Additional Material: 8 Tab.
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  • 116
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 9 (1986), S. 590-591 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 117
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 9 (1986), S. 161-167 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Supercritical fluid chromatography ; Thermionic detection ; Nitrated polycyclic aromatic compounds ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A thermionic detector was evaluated for capillary supercritical fluid chromatography of polar nitro-containing polycyclic aromatic compounds (nitro-PAC). Three modes of detector operation were studied. The best performance was obtained using a nitro-selective mode of detection. Although linearity was confined to a narrow range for a given source current, the sensitivity was excellent; 20 pg injected for p-nitrophenol gave a signal-to-noise ratio of 3. Conventional thermionic detection also produced good sensitivity; however, serious baseline drift was observed at high operating temperatures using density programming. A third mode, flame thermionic detection, was not acceptable because of low sensitivity. A number of nitro-PAC were successfully chromatographed using density programming at 101°C. Hydroxynitropyrenes, nitropyrene quinones, and 9-hydroxy-2-nitrofluorene, which could not be eluted in capillary gas chromatography, were successfully chromatographed here. Retention of these compounds increased sequentially on 50% n-octyl-, 5% phenyl-, and 25% biphenyl polysiloxane stationary phases, respectively. Stationary phase interactions appeared to be more a function of the polar functional groups on the aromatic rings than of the hydrocarbon character of the compounds. Solute solubility in the mobile phase and volatility were additional factors contributing to the elution of these molecules. Finally, these results were used to identify a number of nitro-PAC in a polar subfraction of a diesel particulate extract.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
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  • 118
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 9 (1986), S. 178-181 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Supercritical-fluid chromatography ; Polyglycerol esters ; Derivatization ; Capillary columns ; Flame ionization detector ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Separations of polyglycerol esters containing 3-5 hydroxyl groups and of their silyl derivatives are demonstrated on DB-1 and DB-17 columns. Useful chromatograms are produced in every case. However, the chromatograms are improved on derivatization. The extent of improvement realized increases with the number of free hydroxyl groups per molecule.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
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  • 119
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 9 (1986), S. 208-208 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 120
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 9 (1986), S. 199-204 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 121
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 9 (1986), S. 250-252 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: High performance liquid chromatography, HPLC ; Semi-microbore columns ; Refractive index detection ; Extra-column dispersion ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 122
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 9 (1986), S. 242-247 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Liquid chromatography, LC ; Gradient elution ; Hydrostatic equilibrium ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Gradient elution under hydrostatic equilibrium is extended to the treatment of the case where the two liquids have different densities. Analytic expressions are derived only for the cases where both mixing chamber and reservoir have constant cross-sectional areas.As in the case where the densities of the liquids are equal, pressigned concentration gradients can be duplicated quite satisfactorily by combining a mixing chamber having a constant cross-sectional area and a reservoir having an area which changes linearly with reservoir height. A numerical example is given to illustrate the use of the derived equations.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
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  • 123
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 9 (1986), S. 255-257 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Liquid chromatography, HPLC ; UV detector ; Flow cell ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 124
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 9 (1986), S. 266-271 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Fused silica capillary column ; Bonded phase ; Pesticides ; Retention index ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A new gas chromatographic (GC) retention index based on a homologous series of tri-n-alkylamines is proposed for use in the detection of pesticides and related compounds because the standard n-paraffin hydrocarbons used for the Kovats index do not show up well on the nitrogen-phosphorus detectors commonly used in pesticide analysis. Using fused silica bonded phase capillary columns (DB-1 or DB-5), the trialkylamine indices of 106 selected pesticides and related compounds were measured and their relationship to the Kovats index determined.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
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  • 125
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 9 (1986), S. 623-626 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Column liquid chromatography ; Capillary columns ; Refractive index detection ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: An existing commercial refractive index detector was modified for use with slurry-packed capillary column LC systems. The cell gasket of the original detector cell was replaced by a micro cell gasket giving a volume of 0.8 μL. The relationship between detector response and the amount of sample injected was examined. The limit of detection was 2-3 ng for di-n-pentyl phthalate.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
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  • 126
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 9 (1986), S. 640-643 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Capillary column ; Chiral monoamide phase ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 127
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 9 (1986), S. 712-716 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Capillary column gas chromatography ; Multidimensional gas chromatography ; Photoionization detector ; Gas analysis ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A combination of a pressure switching system with multiple columns and photoionization detectors makes possible rapid analysis of a mixture of inorganic gases and hydrocarbons. Hydrocarbons are separated by a narrow bore capillary column. An alumina PLOT column is used for the separation of lower molecular weight hydrocarbons, especially C4 isomers, while a combination of a micro-packed column with Porapak N and a PLOT capillary column with Molecular Sieve 5A is used for the fast separation of inorganic gases. A photoionization detector is a powerful additional tool for organic gas analysis.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
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  • 128
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 9 (1986), S. 737-740 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Gas chromatography, GC ; Glass capillary columns ; Retention parameters ; Universal equation ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A procedure is suggested for preparation of reproducible and stable galss capillary Apiezon LH+KF columns for the determination of organic compounds containing different functional groups. The advantage of the universal equation over the linear equation for calculation of retention indices for any homologs, including the first members of the series, is shown using the following five homologous series as examples: fatty acid methyl esters, methyl ketones, secondary and tertiary aliphatic amines, and N-alkyl piperidines. The accuracy of the calculation enables the universal equation to be used in computer-assisted identification.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
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  • 129
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 130
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Capillary gas chromatography ; Detection limits ; Trace analysis ; Narrow bore columns ; Wide bore columns ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The need for faster and more efficient separations of complex mixtures of organic compounds by gas chromatography has led to the development of small inner diameter open tubular columns. Owing to their decreased plate height, extremely narrow peaks are obtained. When differently sized columns with equal plate numbers are compared, injection of a fixed amount of a solute will give the highest detector signals for the smallest bore columns. When P is defined as the ratio of the column inlet and outlet pressures, it can be seen from theory that under normalized chromatographic conditions the minimum detectable amount (Qº) for a mass flow sensitive detector increases proportionally to the square of the column diameter for P = 1. In the situation of greater interest in the practice of open tubular gas chromatography where P is large, a linear relationship is derived between Qº and the column diameter.It is a widespread misunderstanding, however, that narrow bore capillary columns should be used for this reason in trace analysis. If a fixed relative contribution of the injection band width to the overall peak variance is allowed, a decreased plate height drastically restricts the maximum sample volume to be injected. It is shown that the minimum analyte concentration in the injected sample (Cº) is inversely proportional to the column inner diameter when a mass flow sensitive detector is used. For actual concentrations less than Cº, sample preconcentration is required. The effect of peak resolution and selectivity of the stationary phase in relation to Cº and Qº will be discussed as well. The validity of the given theory is experimentally investigated. Minimum analyte concentrations and minimum detectable amounts are compared using columns with different inner diameter.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
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  • 131
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    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 9 (1986), S. 765-767 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Reversed-phase HPLC ; Alkaline-earth metals ; Chelating resin ; Dodecyliminodiacetic acid ; Dynamic coating ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
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  • 132
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 9 (1986), S. 172-174 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Supercritical fluid chromatography ; Mass spectrometry ; Capillary column ; SFC/MS ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A benchtop SFC/MS system is described which utilizes supercritical carbon dioxide in a 50 micron diameter open tubular column interfaced directly to an unchanged commercially available benchtop capillary GC/MS system equipped with a chemical ionization (CI) source. A small amount of methane reagent gas was admitted co-axially to a capillary restrictor at the exit of the capillary chromatographic column. This make-up gas served as the CI reagent gas and appeared to optimize the sensitivity of the system while providing abundant (M+1) ions for the analytes investigated in this study. Good chromatographic intergrity was obtained for the GC/MS test compound, decafluorotriphenylphosphine (DFTPP), but the capillary restrictor appeared to cause some tailing of the ion current profiles resulting from low nanogram levels of caffeine and some fatty acid esters. Improvements in the SFC/MS capillary restrictor interface and the pumping system of the benchtop GC/MS system should increase the capability of this system for future applications.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
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  • 133
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    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 9 (1986), S. 189-192 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Capillary SFC ; Triglycerides ; Resolution ; Column temperature ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
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  • 134
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    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 9 (1986), S. 209-212 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Capillary supercritical fluid chromatography, SFC ; Derivatization ; Sugars ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Direct analysis of polar solutes by supercritical fluid chromatography (SFC) has been somewhat limited because the mobile phases in common use are all relatively nonpolar. Derivatization is demonstrated as a viable means for facilitating the SFC separation of sugars. Oligo- and polysaccharides containing up to 18 glucose units are completely resolved by capillary SFC.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
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  • 135
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    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 9 (1986), S. 218-223 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: High performance planar chromatography, HPPLC ; Preparative anticircular chromatography (PACH) ; Sample collection ; Quantification ; Silica Gel (20 × 20 and 10 × 10 cm) plates ; RP-18 (20 × 20 and 10 × 10 cm) plates ; Unsaponifiables from plant lipids ; Fatty acid methyl esters ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A preparative anticircular chromatography (PACH) device was constructed to elucidate different applications of separation problems as well as to compare different sample collection techniques in this particular PLC mode. An anticircular PC apparatus had to be established which allowed the utilization of 20 X 20 cm thin-layer plates as well as sampling positioning at any given radius. Typical solvent migration times were 8-12 minutes and ca. 8-10 ml of solvent was needed for an entire 20 cm plate. It was shown that peak broadening effects due to diffusion during long migration could be avoided in the same way as for analytical anticircular PLC on 10 X 10 plates. On the other hand, longer migration distances allow increased resolution, in turn allowing higher sample loads, particularly in the case of trace compound enrichment. A full description of the apparatus is given, including the sampling device.Different sample collection techniques were tried and evaluated, including the through-flow technique by on-line center collection for plate washing as well as classical scraping-off of interesting zones. Further evaluation of the method included quantification and evaluation of consistency by UV/VIS scanning after spot-visualization. Several application examples are given to illustrate the efficiency of the preparative anticircular PLC-system.
    Additional Material: 12 Ill.
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  • 136
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    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 9 (1986), S. 763-764 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Capillary liquid chromatography ; Cellulose acetate fiber column ; Alcohols separation ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
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  • 137
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    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 9 (1986), S. 724-724 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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  • 138
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Capillary GC ; RP-HPLC ; CP-MAS NMR ; Deactivation methods ; Hexamethyldisilazane ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The reaction of Cab-O-Sil, a highly dispersed vitreous quartz, with hexamethyldisilazane (HMDS) was studied in the temperature range 380-500°C, using 29Si solid state NMR and other techniques. Such studies are of importance in view of deactivation procedures of fused silica at high temperatures in capillary GC.The commonly accepted reaction equation: \documentclass{article}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$$ \left({{\rm Me}_{\rm 3} {\rm Si}} \right)_2 {\rm NH } + {\rm 2}\equiv {\rm SiOH} \to {\rm 2} \equiv {\rm SiOSiMe}_{\rm 2} + {\rm NH}_{\rm 3} $$\end{document} predominates only below ca. 400°C. Above ca. 400°C the intermediate cleavage product Me3SiNH2 reacts with surface silanol groups to form ≡SioSiMe2NH2 + CH4. At higher temperatures these groups may ultimately form (≡SiO)3SiNH2 groups (analogously to the formation of bi-and tridentate linkages starting from ≡SiOSiMe3 groups), but (≡SiO)3SiNH2 groups are also directly formed at lower temperatures, simultaneously with the ≡SiOSiMe3 groups, probably by reaction with siloxane bridges: \documentclass{article}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$$ {\rm Me}_3 {\rm SiNH}_2 + \equiv {\rm SiOSi} \equiv\; \to \;\equiv SiNH_2 + \equiv SiOSiMe_3 $$\end{document}.The reactions of the trimethylsilylamine part of HMDS with Cab-O-Sil were confirmed by an independent series of silylations using N,N-dimethyltrimethylsilylamine instead of HDMS. The presence of amino groups as ≡SiNH2 was confirmed by FT-IR. This may be one of the reasons why very high temperature silylation with disilazanes does not provide a satisfactory deactivation of fused silica GC columns: the active ≡SiOH groups are “replaced” by active ≡SiNH2 groups. However, such a material may be of interest in LC. Silylation with silazanes at ca. 350°C in humid atmosphere and/or after extensive hydroxylation (leaching) of the surface should yield sufficiently deactivated surfaces with a rather well defined surface structure.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
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  • 139
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    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 9 (1986), S. 761-762 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Gas chromatography, GC ; Glass capillary columns ; Surface deactivation ; Diphenyl phenylmethyl silicone ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
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  • 140
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    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 9 (1986), S. 410-411 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Liquid chromatography, LC ; Temperature programming ; Carboxylic acids ; Cation exchange ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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  • 141
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    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 9 (1986), S. 423-425 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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  • 142
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    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 9 (1986), S. 426-428 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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  • 143
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    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 9 (1986), S. 441-445 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Gas chromatography, GC ; Thick film capillaries ; Aqueous injection ; Organic solvents in water ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The purpose of this work was to assess the suitability of nonpolar very thick-film capillaries for the analysis of organic solvents in water. We investigated the major factors influencing the analytical results, namely: film-thickness; amount of water injected; and analysis temperature.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
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  • 144
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: High resolution gas chromatography ; Nitrogen/phosphorus detector ; Doxylamine metabolites ; Antihistamines ; Rhesus monkey ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A high resolution gas chromatographic method is described for the separation of rhesus monkey urinary metabolites of doxylamine with the use of on-column injection, a fused silica column (DB-1701), and nitrogen/phosphorus detection. An ancillary separation of doxylamine and six other antihistamines is also presented.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
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  • 145
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    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 9 (1986), S. 462-464 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Gas liquid chromatography, GLC ; Capillary columns ; Headspace analysis ; Cuticular hydrocarbons ; Volatiles ; Insects ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
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  • 146
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    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 9 (1986), S. 469-471 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; GC/MS ; Selected ion monitoring (SIM) ; Polycyclic aromatic compounds ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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  • 147
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    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 9 (1986), S. 483-484 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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  • 148
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    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 9 (1986), S. 492-501 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The use of high resolution chromatographic techniques for the determination of species of great importance in atmospheric pollution is critically reviewed. Attention has been focused on those pollutants recently recognized to be responsible for biological activity of particulate matter, acid deposition, and photochemical smog generation. The unique contribution made by capillary GC to the solution of environmental problems is demonstrated by the results obtained in the identification of several nitrofluoranthene/pyrene isomers in urban dust, industrial emissions, and automobile exhaust and by the selective determination of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-ρ-dioxin in fly-ash emitted from urban incinerators. Also organic components dissolved in rain-water can be analyzed by capillary chromatography after sample enrichment on traps filled with solid sorbents. The recent availability of sampling precedures suitable for the collection of gaseous species which play an important role in acid deposition makes possible their determination by chromatographic techniques. Inorganic acids, sampled through high efficiency annular denuders to obtain discrimination between gaseous species and aerosols, can be determined by ion chromatography. Peroxyacyl nitrates, relevant to photochemical pollution, can be determined by GC combined with electron capture detection. New fields of application for high resolution chromatography are discussed.
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  • 149
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    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 9 (1986), S. 528-530 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Liquid chromatography, HPLC ; Reversed-phase mode ; Environmental studies ; Biphenyl compounds ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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  • 150
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    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 9 (1986), S. 537-538 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Liquid chromatography, HPLC ; Reversed-phase made ; Mixing chamber ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
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  • 151
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    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 9 (1986), S. 548-554 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Gas liquid chromatography (GLC) ; Fused silica capillary columns ; Alkali flame ionization detection (AFID) ; Mass spectrometry (MS) ; Quantitation in human serum ; Ethylenediamine ; Aminophylline ; Small molecular weight amines and diamines ; m-Toluoyl derivatives ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A specific and sensitive method for the determination of ethylenediamine in human plasma is described. The aqueous sample is treated with m-toluoyl chloride, yielding the N,N′-bis(m-toluoyl) derivative of the diamine, which is extracted into dichloromethane and quantitated after “on column” methylation by capillary gas liquid chromatography with alkali flame ionization detection. The corresponding derivative of putrescine serves as internal standard. The assay is reproducible and calibration curves are linear over the concentration range 0.05 to 10 μg · ml-1. The lower detection limit is about 10 ng · ml-1. The structures of the compounds of interest eluting from the capillary column are examined by gas liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry. The assay has been applied to the analysis of ethylenediamine in plasma following the administration of aminophylline and ethylenediamine in a cross-over study to patients with bronchopulmonary diseases. The method also proves suitable for measuring other primary and secondary amines and diamines in aqueous solutions by gas liquid chromatography.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
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  • 152
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    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 9 (1986), S. 577-583 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Gas chromatography, GC ; Fused silica capillary column, FSCC ; Non-methane hydrocarbons, NMHC ; Air analysis ; On-column cryofocusing ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: An analytical method for the determination of non-methane hydrocarbons (NMHC) in air was developed using simultaneously pressure and temperature programmed gas chromatography (GC) on a capillary column. The separation of C2-C10 hydrocarbons was performed in a single GC-run using a fused silica capillary column (FSCC) with a chemically bonded non-polar stationary phase (CP-Sil-5-CB). A combination of on-column cryofocusing and GC reinjection provided baseline separation of C2 hydrocarbons at subambient initial temperature (-40°C). The cryofocusing was performed on the column head immersed in liquid nitrogen. Quantitative retention of all C2-C10 hydrocarbons was achieved only when a temperature gradient is created along the cooled column section. The focused components are eluted from the column head without supplementary heating by removing the coolant. To eliminate matrix effects, the enrichment procedure was designed to remove CO2 and H2O. The detection limit was found to be 2.0 × 10-12 g propane.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
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  • 153
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    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 9 (1986), S. 593-594 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Capillary GC ; HPLC ; Adulteration of cold pressed olive oil ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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  • 154
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    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 9 (1986), S. 600-601 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Liquid chromatography ; Internal standard ; External standard ; Quantitation ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 3 Tab.
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  • 155
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    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 9 (1986), S. 618-623 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Capillary GC ; FSOT columns ; Applications ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The chromatographic performance of 10 m × 100 μm i.d. capillary columns, coated with different stationary phases, was studied. TZ-ū plots were measured at different temperature program rates. The polarity and selectivity are strongly influenced by the temperature program rate. The analysis time depends on the capacity ratio and the selectivity factor; stationary phase selection thus is an important aspect in high speed capillary GC. A number of applications is presented and the applicability of split injection is discussed.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
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  • 156
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    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 9 (1986), S. 637-640 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Capillary gas chromatography ; Headspace ; Dynamic headspace analysis ; Applications of headspace technique ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The advantages of the dynamic headspace method for the analysis of solid samples, as compared with the static head space method, are discussed. Examples of dynamic headspace analyses are given to illustrate its possibilities.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
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  • 157
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    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 9 (1986), S. 647-651 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Supercritical fluid chromatography (SFC) ; Stationary-phase phenomena ; Mobile-phase modifier ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A significant uptake of supercritical mobile phases into immobilized stationary phases has been observed. The phase swelling effect has been evaluated hydrodynamically for SE-30, SE-54, and cyanopropyl silicone phases with respect to the mobile-phase density of supercritical butane, column temperature, and the presence of a polar retention moderator. Some kinetic and retention consequences of the swelling phenomena are discussed.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
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  • 158
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    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 9 (1986), S. 676-678 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Capillary gas chromatography ; Narrow bore columns ; Wide bore thick film columns ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The analysis time for a given resolution is a complex function of stationary phase selectivity, column radius, and thickness of the stationary phase film. Variation of these parameters has a large effect not only on analysis time, but also on the column inlet pressure and other instrumental requirements. The minimum amount that can be reliably detected as well as the maximum sample capacity of a column are strongly related to the selected column dimensions.
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  • 159
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    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 9 (1986), S. 666-670 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Electrokinetic chromatography ; Electroosmosis ; Electrophoresis ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Effects of pH, concentration of sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS), additives, and coatings of polymers on the inner wall of fused silica tubing on electrokinetic migration were investigated with SDS solutions. The increase in SDS concentrations caused a substantial increase of the electrophoretic velocity of the SDS micelle but little affected the electroosmotic velocity veo under a constant applied voltage. No significant change in veo was observed either when the pH of the solution was varied from 5.5 to 9 or when additives such as hydroxypropyl cellulose were employed. Compared with an uncoated tube, electroosmosis became stronger in a fused silica tube coated with methyl silicone but weaker in one coated with polyethylene glycol 20M.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
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  • 160
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    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 9 (1986), S. 688-692 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Aza-arenes ; Retention index ; Fluorescence spectra ; Post column reaction ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Two methods are described for predicting the molecular structures of aza-arenes eluted from a capillary column. The first is based on a combination of retention indexes (RI) and a post-column reaction. The RI of an aza-arene is calculated by using the incremental contributions of some atomic groups to RI. Once the molecular weight is determined by the mass spectrum, the possible compounds are picked up, based on comparison of the observed RI with the calculated RI values and information about the intramolecular environment around the nitrogen atom obtained from the degree of peak shift resulting from interaction with Ni(II). The second is due to combination of information from fluorescence spectrometry and TLC fractionation. The fluorescence spectrum allows the identification of the fused ring system.
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  • 161
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    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 9 (1986), S. 702-707 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Temperature programming ; Optimization ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The theory which predicts the retention time, retention temperature, and peak width for any kind of multi-step TPGC and the principle of optimization has been described. Software for optimization and identification in TPGC has been developed on the basis of this theory. It has also been proven that the relationship between peak width in TPGC and the derived or “invented” retention time is similar to that between peak width and retention time in isothermal processes. The validity of the software has been proved by using it to predict retention temperature, retention time, and peak width for any kind of temperature programming and to predict the optimum temperature program for separation of a multihomolog mixture of industrial alcohols and 15 enantiomeric pairs of amino acids.
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  • 162
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    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 9 (1986) 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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  • 163
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Fused-silica capillary columns ; Programmed-temperature (PTV) injection ; Cold on-column injection ; Triglyceride analysis ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The capillary gas chromatographic analysis of complex naturally occurring and food-product triglyceride mixtures is accomplished qualitatively and quantitatively on columns coated with methyl and methyl-phenyl (65%) silicones using programmed-temperature split/splitless and on-column injection. Faster analysis times are achieved using elevated initial column oven temperatures with cold initial injector temperatures.
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  • 164
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    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 9 (1986), S. 747-751 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Gas chromatography, GC ; Capillary columns ; On-Column GC ; Cold-trapping effect on on-column GC ; Solvent effect on on-column GC ; Behavior of solutes and solvent ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The behavior of heavy solutes present in a sample injected on the precolumn has not been clarified in on-column injection onto gas chromatograph having a capillary column coupled to an uncoated precolumn in an oven. To investigate this point, an on-column gas chromatograph has been developed which is constructed with a heatable precolumn outside the oven. Some experiments were carried out in order to evaluate the performance. As a result, it was found that heavy solutes reach the first part of the main capillary column after the solvent has gone, resulting in sharp peaks without solvent effects. The reason why sharp peaks appear for the heavy solutes is also discussed. The cold-trapping effect has been shown to play an important role in narrowing the band width of the heavy solutes. Some of the advantages of the gas chromatograph developed are also presented.
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  • 165
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; FID and FPD ; Azinphos-methyl, -ethyl and six metabolites ; Beta vulgaris leaves ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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  • 166
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    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 9 (1986), S. 3-3 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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  • 167
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    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 9 (1986), S. 4-17 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Supercritical fluid chromatography ; Applications ; Practical information ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The general topic of supercritical fluid chromatography (SFC) is introduced, and historical aspects of its development are discussed. The physical properties of supercritical fluids, gases and liquids are tabulated. SFC is compared and contrasted with the classical forms of chromatography - gas chromatography (GC) and high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The selectivity of SFC, GC, and HPLC are discussed and compared. Instrumentation employed for supercritical fluid chromatography is depicted. A wide variety of SFC applications are introduced. New examples of the use of SFC for analysis of a variety of complex oligomeric mixtures indcluding polypropylene glycol, polysiloxanes, fluorocarbon oligomers (i.e. -3M's fluoro-chemical surfactant Fluorad 171, and Kel-F) and high molecular weight normal alcohols are shown. The use of SFC for separation of mono-, di-, and triglycerides at low operating temperatures is described. Lastly, the use of SFC for separations of complex hydrocarbon mixtures from liquid fuels, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, synthetic alpha-olefins, and petroleum functional group separations are depicted.
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  • 168
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    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 9 (1986), S. 400-404 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Gas chromatography, GC ; Multidimensional GC ; Macrobore WCOT and PLOT columns ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Multidimensional GC (MDGC) with macrobore WCOT and PLOT columns has shown several benefits: (1) Higher flow rates, which are used, makes possible the use of common valves as the switching device; (2) very simple system configurations are possible; (3) because the columns have relatively large capacity, the TCD can be used to measure both organic and inorganic components; (4) micropacked or open tubular columns are precolumns which provide a wide range of selectivity; (5) both precolumn and analytical columns can be operated at the same flow rate without splitting of the sample. Four rapid sample analyses: (1) Oxygenates in gasohol; (2) natural gas; (3) refinery gas; (4) hydrocarbon types in naphtha, have been developed and performed on a less complex and economical gas chromatograph.
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  • 169
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    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 9 (1986), S. 415-416 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Liquid chromatography, HPLC ; Ion exclusion ; Peak identification ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 2 Tab.
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  • 170
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    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 9 (1986), S. 421-422 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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  • 171
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    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 9 (1986), S. 429-430 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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  • 172
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    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 9 (1986), S. 461-462 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Gas liquid chromatography, GLC ; Capillary columns ; Headspace analysis ; Volatiles ; Insects ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
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  • 173
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    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 9 (1986), S. 466-468 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: HRGC/FTIR ; Essential oils ; Unresolved peaks ; Monoterpenes ; Vapor phase IR spectra ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
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  • 174
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    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 9 (1986), S. 481-482 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Glass-silica capillary joining ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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  • 175
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    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 9 (1986), S. 566-571 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Supercritical fluid chromatography, SFC ; Three-dimensional diagrams ; Capacity ratio ; Resolution ; Temperature dependence ; Pressure dependence ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: For chromatography with supercritical fluids (SFC), the dependence of the capacity ratios k′ and of the mean resolution Rm on temperature and pressure is presented as a three-dimensional diagram. A sufficient number of test chromatograms were run for the diagram to lead to an isocratic network in form of a curved surface. The isocratic network possesses a characteristic shape and contains all information about the temperature and pressure dependence of k′ and Rm for a given volume flow rate and chromatographic system. The specific system studied comprised pentane as the mobile phase, unmodified silica as the stationary phase, and a set of four polycyclic hydrocarbons as the test mixture. The isocratic net of this system allows interpolation of k′ and Rm for any temperature and pressure. Together with similar experimental data from other systems, this allows qualitative forecasts about the isocratic nets of other systems.
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  • 176
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    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 9 (1986), S. 592-592 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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  • 177
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    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 9 (1986), S. 598-599 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Capillary gas chromatography ; Pattern recognition ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
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  • 178
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    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 9 (1986), S. 607-608 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Racemic resolution ; Chiral cavities ; Polymer imprinted with template ; Chiral stationary phases ; Temperature effect in racemic resolution ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
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  • 179
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    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 9 (1986) 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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  • 180
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    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 9 (1986), S. 612-612 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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  • 181
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    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 9 (1986), S. 633-637 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Supercritical fluid chromatography, SFC ; Fused silica packed column ; Pressure programming ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A versatile system with a slurry-packed capillary column was developed for supercritical fluid chromatography, which is capable of programming both inlet and outlet pressure independently, as well as using a restrictor to apply back pressure. This system revealed the relationships between pressure drop, flow rate, and linear velocity in pressure-programmed supercritical fluid chromatography. In the restrictor system, both the pressure drop and the flow rate increased almost linearly with inlet pressure, while under conditions of constant pressure drop characteristic behavior was observed which depended on the density-viscosity relationships of supercritical fluid. Resolution in the separation of polysiloxane oligomers was found to be increased by increasing the ratio of pressure drop to pressure-programming rate, although the sensitivity decreased due to the increase in peak volume. The system controlling both inlet and outlet pressure has distinct advantages over the restrictor system controlling both inlet and outlet pressure has distinct advantages over the restrictor system in practical in practical operations.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
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  • 182
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    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 9 (1986), S. 657-661 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Capillary GC ; GC/MS ; Sampling techniques ; Arson debris ; Urban air ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Sample enrichment technology and instrumental sensitivity are no longer limiting factors in arson debris analysis. When pyrolyzed, petroleum based composite materials may produce artifacts. Urban air is another major source of interference since some of the components typically found in air, in particular alkylated aromatic hydrocarbons, are customarily used as indicators for the presence of gasoline. It is suggested to replace qualitative analysis with a quantitative approach, taking the sample matrix into consideration.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
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  • 183
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    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 9 (1986), S. 692-698 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Gas chromatography, GC ; Fused silica capillary column ; Organochlorine insecticide residues ; Arable soils ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Electron capture gas chromatography with three chemically bonded fused-silica capillary columns (CB-FSCs), OV-17, OV-1701, and SE-52, was performed to evaluate peak separability of 28 organochlorine insecticides and related compounds. Relative retention times and relative peak heights to aldrin were measured and calculated. OV-17 CB-FSC showed the best separability among the three CB-FSCs employed and was applied to analysis of extracts from several soil samples with minimum clean-up procedure. The chromatograms obtained demonstrated steady baseline tracings free of interference. Residue data from soil samples were also tabulated.
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  • 184
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    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 9 (1986), S. 718-718 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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  • 185
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    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 9 (1986), S. 719-720 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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  • 186
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Analysis of high molecular weight compounds ; Gas chromatography Versus supercritical fluid chromatography ; Aluminum clad fused silica capillary columns ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Samples, representative of certain classes of “high molecular weight” and/or less volatile substances, were analyzed by gas chromatography utilizing a new generation of aluminum clad flexible fused silica glass capillary columns containing thin films of a methyl polysioxane stationary phase capable of being operated isothermally to 400-425°C and temperature programmed to 425-440°C. The results obtained here were compared with those described in the literature discussing the latest advances in Supercritical Fluid Chromatography (SFC) in the analysis of precisely the same types of samples. In all instances, the gas chromatographic method provided superior speed of analysis, superior column efficiency, and superior resolution of the component bands. This was due to fundamental factors, favoring the diffusivity of the solutes in both the gas and liquid phases in this process at these high temperatures. Under these circumstances, it is thought that the strength of SFC mainly lies in the analysis of thermally labile samples until the advocates of this technique make more definitive strides in the handling of still higher molecular weight substances well beyond the newly expanded range of gas chromatography.
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  • 187
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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  • 188
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    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 9 (1986), S. 768-768 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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  • 189
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    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 9 (1986), S. 57-58 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Liquid chromatography, LC ; Cation exchange ; Dicarboxylic acids ; Monocarboxylic acids ; Cyanovaleric acid ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
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  • 190
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    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 9 (1986), S. 61-63 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Liquid chromatography, HPLC ; HPLC accessories ; Rotary sampling valves ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
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  • 191
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    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 9 (1986), S. 69-72 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Capillary columns ; Programmed-temperature (PTV) injection ; Cold on-column injection ; Triglycerides ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The performance of split and splitless programmed-temperature (PTV) injection is compared to cold on-column and hot (classical) split injection for the analysis of triglycerides on an apolar capillary gas chromatographic column. Quantitative accuracy and precision of PTV injection are determined for a synthetic mixture of triglycerides relative to cold on-column injection.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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  • 192
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    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 9 (1986), S. 95-101 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Coupled HPLC-capillary GC ; Concurrent solvent evaporation ; Retention gap ; Solvent effects ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A technique is proposed which allows introduction of very large volumes of liquid (10 ml were tested) into capillary columns equipped with short (1-2 m long) retention gaps. It is based on concurrent solvent evaporation, i.e. evaporation of the solvent during introduction of the sample. The technique presupposes high carrier gas flow rates (at least during sample introduction) and column temperatures near the solvent boiling point. The major limitation of the method is the occurrence of peak broadening for solutes eluted up to 30°, in some cases up to 100°, above the injection temperature. This is due to the absence of solvent trapping and a reduced efficiency of phase soaking. Therefore, use of volatile solvents is often advantageous. Application of the concurrent solvent evaporation technique allows introduction of liquids which do not wet the retention gap surface. However, the method is still not very attractive for analysis of aqueous or water-containing solutions (reversed phase HPLC).
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  • 193
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    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 9 (1986), S. 117-119 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Liquid chromatography, LC ; Gas chromatography, GC ; Fused silica open tubular columns ; Column preparation ; On-column fluorescence detection ; Capacity factors ; Polysiloxane stationary phases ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
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  • 194
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    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 9 (1986), S. 124-126 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Fourier transform infrared spectrometry ; Infrared microscopy ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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  • 195
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    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 9 (1986), S. 131-132 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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  • 196
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    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 9 (1986), S. 145-153 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Capillary columns ; Supercritical fluid chromatography ; Supercritical fluid chromatography-mass spectrometry ; SFC-MS ; Thermally labile compound analysis ; Heavy molecular weight compound analysis ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Capillary supercritical fluid chromatography and its combination with mass spectrometry (SFC-MS) is an important analytical methodology for the analysis of thermally labile and high molecular weight compounds. The mass spectrometer provides sensitive and highly selective detection for the chromatographic effluent. The same physical-chemical properties of supercritical fluids that provide important chromatographic advantages are also important for the transport and gas phase introduction of analyte molecules into the mass spectrometer. The low mobile phase flow rates of small diameter (〈 100 μm i.d.) capillary columns allow the total chromatographic effluent to be introduced with conventional, but often slightly modified, ion source configurations for quadrupole mass spectrometers with either electron impact (EI) or chemical ionization (CI) detection. The full range of CI reagents can also be used to obtain additional selectivity and complementary structural data. The instrumentation and operating parameters for capillary SFC-MS methods are described. The applicability and usefulness of various SFC-MS analysis methods are demonstrated using a variety of samples.
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  • 197
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    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 9 (1986), S. 175-177 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Capillary column ; Supercritical fluid chromatograph, SFC ; Commercial dyes ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: High resolution separations of selected commercial azo, aniline, and anthraquinone dyes by capillary column supercritical fluid chromatography (SFC) are demonstrated. Supercritical n-pentane was used as a mobile phase and provided efficient separations of multi-functional, polar disperse dyes with molecular weights up to approximately 700 daltons.
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  • 198
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    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 9 (1986), S. 261-262 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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  • 199
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    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 9 (1986), S. 278-280 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Capillary gas chromatography ; Stationary-phase focusing ; Sample size ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Equations have been derived to predict the extent to which the sample size may be increased, without decreasing the column performance, by stationary-phase focusing at sub-ambient temperatures. Under favorable circumstances the sample size may be enhanced several hundredfold.
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  • 200
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    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 9 (1986), S. 281-284 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Liquid chromatography, HPLC ; Time-switched detectors ; UV detection ; Fluorimetric detection ; Vitamin A ; Vitamin E ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: An HPLC method utilizing a UV and a fluorimetric detector linked in series is described. By use of a simple integrator-controlled time-switched relay, analysis of serum vitamin A and E is accomplished on the same chromatogram and at optimum sensitivity for each detector. A single internal standard (retinyl acetate) monitored only by the UV detector permits measurement of both vitamins over a wide linear range. Precision of the assays is satisfactory, both on a within-day and on a day-to-day basis. Recoveries of both vitamins are virtually 100% whilst sensitivity is 2 μg/L (retinol) and 0.05 mg/L (α-tocopherol).
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
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