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  • 1995-1999
  • 1975-1979  (143)
  • 1890-1899
  • 1976  (143)
  • Engineering  (143)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 10 (1976), S. 59-66 
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: A method is presented to calculate the eigenvalues of the Helmholtz equation Δ2ø + k2ø = 0 in a two-dimensional area when ø vanishes on the boundary. The method is based on an integral equation, which can be easily solved numerically. Results obtained for circular and rectangular geometries are also given and compared to the exact values.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 10 (1976), S. 77-91 
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: This paper presents the results of an aeroelastic optimization study. In this study the weight of a large aspect ratio panel immersed in high Mach number supersonic flow is minimized subject to the requirement that a critical aeroelastic parameter for flutter be held within specified limits. A refined finite element technique is used to model the panel flutter equilibrium equations, equations which act as constraints on the design search. The optimization mechanism itself is studied and discussed to provide qualitative results which may be useful to the solution of other aeroelastic optimization problems. The numerical results of this investigation are compared to converged numerical results to illustrate finite element accuracy. The results of the study show that the weight savings and material distribution found with an effective finite element model are comparable to those found by more complicated numerical methods.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 10 (1976), S. 185-196 
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: A computer solution for two-dimensional fluid-particle flows using the cellular approach is presented. The euqations describing the flow of the continuous (fluid) phase are formulated using stream function, vorticity and enthalpy as the dependent variables. The effect of the disperse (particle) phase on the continous phase is represented by vorticity and energy sources in each cell. To illustrate the capability of the solution scheme, the flow of gas laden with hot particles issuing into a sudden expansion is analysed.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 10 (1976), S. 283-299 
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: This paper presents the optimum design of stiffened cylindrical panels with weight as the objective function and constraints on the frequencies in the presence of initial stresses, using unconstrained minimization techniques of non-linear mathematical programming problem. The interaction between the buckling constraints and the frequency constraints in the presence of initial stresses are included in the formulation. Loss of load carrying capacity due to imperfection and due to suddenly applied loads are included in the buckling analyses. Results for cylindrical shell are obtained by setting the panel angle to 360 degrees. The relationship between the weight of the cylinder and the panel (a segment of the cylinder) is examined.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 10 (1976), S. 361-377 
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: The solutions of plane elasto-plastic problems usually use one or two field variables - namely a stress functions or the displacements. The use of three, four or five field variables is investigated and it is concluded that the three stresses from the best basis for a multivariable approach. Attempts to solve the governing equations with an initial value technique were exhaustively tried and discarded in preference to a boundary value or elliptical technique. The problem solved to check the method is that of a hole in plane strain uniaxial tension. Effective plastic strain distributions are plotted, along with stress and strain concentration data and distributions of the mean to effective stress ratio. Comparison is made between solutions produced using incremental and deformation theories.
    Additional Material: 13 Ill.
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 10 (1976), S. 437-456 
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: Finite element procedures and related illustrative numerical examples for incompressible viscous fluid motion are discussed in this paper. The steady flow problem is solved by the Newton-Raphson method and the perturbation method. By numerical examples, it can be shown that the combined use of the Newton-Raphson method and perturbation method is suitable. For the analysis of unsteady flow, the perturbation method is employed. Assuming that the basic flow is known, unsteady flow is calculated by accumulating the solution of the linearized equation in which the boundary values are varied by small amounts. Steady flows of temperature dependent free convection are also discretized and analyzed by the same procedure as the conventional finite element Galerkin method. For shape functions, quadratic polynomials are used for velocity and temperature, and linear polynomials for pressure. It is to be noted that the selections of shape functions and solution method are the keys to the analysis of highly non-linear fluid flow problems such as those discussed in this paper.
    Additional Material: 12 Ill.
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  • 7
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    Electronic Resource
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 10 (1976), S. 488-488 
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 10 (1976), S. 503-525 
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: A procedure of applying the perturbation method is presented for the incremental numerical analysis of materially and combined non-linear problems of discrete and discretized structral systems. Small but finite strain and stress increments are strictly distinguished from the strain rates and stress rates, respectively. It is shown that, by applying the perturbation procedure not only to the non-linear strain-displacement relations and equilibrium equations, but also to the constitutive equations in terms of rate quantities, all the governing equations can be satisfied to any desired accuracy at every instantaneous configuration in between the starting and terminal points of an incremental step. The proposed method provides also means of finding, to a desired accuracy, every point on an equilibrium path of a discrete system at which a new element will start yielding or unloading and possible critical points on the path. The significance of the proposed method is expected to be appreciated particularly in numerical investigations of critical behaviours and post-buckling behaviours.
    Additional Material: 18 Ill.
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 10 (1976), S. 301-343 
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: This paper is concerned with the development of a numerical procedure for solving complex boundary value problems in plane elastostatics. This procedure - the displacement discontinuity method - consists simply of placing N displacement discontinuities of unknown magnitude along the boundaries of the region to be analyzed, then setting up and solving a system of algebraic equations to find the discontinuity values that produce prescribed boundary tractions or displacements. The displacement discontinuity method is in some respects similar to integral equation or ‘influence function’ techniques, and contrasts with finite difference and finite element procedures in that approximations are made only on the boundary contours, and not in the field. The method is illustrated by comparing computed results with the analytical solutions of two boundary value problems: a circular disc subjected to diametral compression, and a circular hole in an infinite plate under a uniaxial stress field. In both cases the numerical results are in excellent agreement with the exact solutions.
    Additional Material: 13 Ill.
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 10 (1976), S. 423-435 
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: The application of the finite element method to the supersonic flutter of circular cylindrical shells subjected to internal pressure and axial compression is presented. A circular cylindrical shell element is used. The element stiffness, mass and initial stiffness matrices are given. The element aerodynamic matrix is derived based on a first order high Mach number approximation to the linear potential flow theory. The eigenvalue problem is solved by the QR algorithm. Numerical results are presented and these are compared with analytical solutions and experimental data.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
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  • 11
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 10 (1976), S. 401-412 
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: A straightforward and general computer program for assembling and solving (using Gauss elimination technique) widely sparsed finite element matrix equations with very large bandwidth and capable of handling different degrees-of-freedom and variable bandwidth at different nodes, is described herein. The program assembles any type of finite elements having arbitrary number of nodes and each node may have differnt degrees-of-freedom. It requires only a small core memory in the computer, although a fast random access device is also needed. The two very important features of this program are (i) it does not store any zero submatrices within the band and (ii) during the solution of equations all operations dealing with zero submatrices within the band are automatically skipped and thus the savings of a considerable amount of disc storage space and computer time can be effected in many cases. Another feature is that many right hand sides can be handled simultaneously. Hence the program is very economical for structures having widely sparsed matrix equations. A listing of the computer program written in FORTRAN IV for CDC 6400 computer is readily available from the authors, but unfortunately could not be given here because of lack of space. The program is so general that it can be used to solve a wide class of finite element problems without actually having to understand fully the techniques behind it.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
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  • 12
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 10 (1976), S. 465-470 
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: The Peaceman-Rachford ADI technique is a well-known iterative method for solving large systems of linear equations arising from finite difference methods of solution of partial differntial equations. The present note demonstrates how the algorithm can be conveniently rearranged for computation in a virtual storage system with paging. Timing results are given for a sample problem typical of those encountered in nuclear diffusion computation.
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  • 13
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    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 10 (1976), S. 472-474 
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 14
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    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 10 (1976), S. 225-230 
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: Alternative finite difference formulations for elliptic equations on skew nets are investigated for suitability for rapid convergence of S.O.R. iterations. In dealing with the differential equation directly, diagonal dominance is a key property for convergence theorems. Mixed derivatives boundary conditions threatens this property, but formulas are presented which protect it as long as the net skewness is not too severe. Test calculations are reported showing convergence for these formulas to be as good as that of optimal S.O.R. theory, whereas other more direct formulas give a very inferior performance.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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  • 15
    Electronic Resource
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    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 10 (1976) 
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 16
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    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 10 (1976), S. 379-399 
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: A frontal solution program is presented which may be used for the solution of unsymmetric matrix equations arising in certain applications of the finite element method to boundary value problems. Based on the Gaussian elimination algorithm, it has advantages over band matrix methods in that core requirements and computation times may be considerably reduced; furthermore numbering of the finite element mesh may be completed in an arbitrary manner. The program is written in FORTRAN and a glossary of terms is provided.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
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  • 17
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: Quadratic isoparametric elements which embody the inverse square root singularity are used in the calculation of stress intensity factors of elastic fracture mechanics. Examples of the plane eight noded isoparametric element show that it has the same singularity as other special crack tip elements, and still includes the constant strain and rigid body motion modes. Application to three-dimensional analysis is also explored. Stress intensity factors are calculated for mechanical and thermal loads for a number of plane strain and three-dimensional problems.
    Additional Material: 13 Ill.
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  • 18
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    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 10 (1976), S. 93-113 
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: The equations for the meridional through-flow in a turbomachine are formulated as a quasi-harmonic non-linear equation. This equation is then solved iteratively by the finite element method and in order to obtain convergence an under-relaxation factor has to be introduced. Comparisons with experimental results in single and multistage axial compressors show very good agreement. The finite element method is thus shown to be an efficient tool for this type of problem.
    Additional Material: 20 Ill.
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  • 19
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    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 10 (1976), S. 171-183 
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: Finite element methods for solving the two-dimensional x-y transport equation are considered. Numerical schemes are defined and tested on some simple practical problems.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
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  • 20
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    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 10 (1976), S. 197-209 
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: The problems associated with the stress analysis of structures subjected to body force loading due to compound motion are outlined. An economic method for calculating equivalent nodal loading, for use in a finite element displacement analysis, is proposed in which the element discretization and consistent mass matrices are used to advantage. The relevant equations, relating to the rigid body dynamics of compound motion, are appended in matrix notation. Validity of the method is demonstrated by an analysis of the stresses, due to gyroscopic and centrifugal forces, in an aero engine blade model.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
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  • 21
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    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 10 (1976), S. 718-719 
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
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  • 22
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    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 10 (1976), S. 731-746 
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
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  • 23
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    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 10 (1976), S. 787-797 
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: An automatic algorithm is presented for reducing the bandwidth of symmetric sparse connectivity matrices. The procedure takes an arbitrary input sequence and creates an optimal bandwidth for complex network systems by renumbering the node labels. Thus, considerable improvement for computer storage and time is achieved in the solution of the systems.A large number of examples is presented to demonstrate the reliability and the efficiency of the method.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
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  • 24
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    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 10 (1976), S. 845-852 
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: An accurate reduction scheme for structural eigenvalue problems is deduced from a variational theorem in which the displacement, velocity and/or momentum fields are taken to be independent.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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  • 25
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    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 10 (1976), S. 885-891 
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: This paper compares three methods for dealing with an exterior boundary value problem by the Finite Element Method, one of which involves using an infinite element. The methods are illustrated by application to the problem of ground water flow round a tunnel with permeable invert. The use of a special trial function with a variable parameter in the infinite element gives a particularly efficient method of solution.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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  • 26
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    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 10 (1976), S. 935-944 
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: Bathe's algorithm of subspace iteration for the solution of the eigenvalue problem with symmetric matrices is improved by incorporating an acceleration technique using Chebyshev polynomials. This method of acceleration is particularly effective for this kind of iteration. The rate of convergence of the iteration scheme presented is considerably improved when compared with the original one, and satisfactory rates of convergence can be obtained for a wider range of eigenvalues.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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  • 27
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    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 10 (1976), S. 958-959 
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
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  • 28
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    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 10 (1976), S. 968-973 
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: It is shown that an apparently sound selection of trial functions can give rise to hybrid elements with rank deficient stiffness matrices and unused interior fields. An account is given of modifications which overcome these problems for a particular plate bending element.
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  • 29
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    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 10 (1976), S. 976-976 
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
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  • 30
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    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 10 (1976), S. 1007-1019 
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: The shape of a plate in plane stress is determined, such that the maximum elastic stress corresponding to given loads is minimized. The shape of the boundary is approximated by a series and optimization is carried out by solving a sequence of linearized minimum-maximum problems using linear programming. The optimization problem is extended to include multiple loading cases and geometrical constraints. The stress derivatives are found using analytical expressions for stiffnesses and stiffness derivatives of the finite elements. For the optimum design of a hole in an infinite plate under biaxial stretching the numerical result is compared with an analytical solution. As another example the method is used to optimize the edge shape of a shape of a junction in a web frame.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
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  • 31
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    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 10 (1976), S. 1021-1046 
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: Continuous (integral) and discrete (point-matching) least-squares methods are presented for linear and non-linear problems in boundary-value, eigenvalue, and initial-value form. The history is traced, and important theoretical and practical results are summarized. A comprehensive sample of the literature is presented, indexed to show type of application, version of least squares used, and results of comparison studies. The advantages of least-squares methods are discussed, including convenience in formulation and error evaluation, generality of mixed and local (finite element) versions, and performance that is competitive with other methods.
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  • 32
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    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 10 (1976), S. 1125-1142 
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: An algorithm is presented which generates an element stiffness matrix for non-prismatic beam-column members using Newmark's numerical procedure of successive approximations. The resulting element stiffness matrix on element co-ordinates is fond to be in excellent agreement with those available for limiting cases. An approximate stability analysis conducted on the covergence of the numerical scheme shows that the proposed algorithm is stable. The critical buckling loads for various and conditions are computed as part of the computational scheme. A computer program listing in FORTRAN IV is included which will handle essentially and order and/or kind of non-prismaticity of beam elements. The results are presented in the conventional and convenient coefficient format.
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  • 33
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    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 10 (1976), S. 1153-1175 
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: It is first shown that the two-dimensional linearized ship wave problem can be recast as the sum of a radiation and a diffraction problem for simple harmonic waves. Each problem can be solved by a hybrid element method (HEM) where conventional finite elements are used near the body and analytical solutions are used in the remaining infinite regions (super-elements). Variational principles which incorporate the matching conditions between regular and super-elements as natural conditions are derived. Numerical examples are presented. The theoretical aspects for extending the above ideas to a three-dimensional ship wave problems are also described.
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  • 34
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    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 10 (1976), S. 708-712 
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: The quadrature rule for a finite interval obtained by transforming to an infinite range and applying the midpoint rule is examined. It is found that the condition required to make the quadrature exact for a constant integrand imposes severe practical limits. The method is very good for integrands with singularities near the endpoints but ineffective for oscillatory integrands.
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  • 35
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    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 10 (1976), S. 1197-1202 
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
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  • 36
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    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 10 (1976), S. 1211-1219 
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
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  • 37
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    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 10 (1976), S. 1261-1280 
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: The contouring of stresses in two-dimensional slopes is done quickly and efficiently by using the computer and an incremental plotter. The computer program developed here interpolates in two directions between centroids of finite elements at which the stresses are given, determines contour line co-ordinates, and plots the contours. This program can be easily modified to plot stresses produced by other two-dimensional finite element analysis programs as long as the arrangement of elements in the mesh is similar.
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  • 38
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    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 10 (1976), S. 1281-1287 
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: A conformable displacement model is presented for the finite element analysis of stress intensity factors in linear elastic fracture mechanics. The method is an extension to anisotropic materials of the one developed by Benzley for isotropic materials. Very good agreement is shown for the case of inclined cracks in an orthotropic plate between finite element results and those obtained by least squares collocation of stress functions.
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  • 39
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    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 10 (1976), S. 1299-1308 
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: A numerical method for integrating the three-dimensional Navier-Stokes equations for a viscous, incompressible, laminar duct flow is given. A new method is applied to the derivation of stable, and second order accurate difference representations to the momentum transport and diffusion terms. Numerical examples are given.
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  • 40
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    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 10 (1976), S. 1343-1356 
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: An elasto-plastic plate-bending analysis is developed based on the finite element method and utilizing an assumed-stress hybrid (Pian) element. Plasticity is incorporated using the Prandtl-Reuss relations and isotropic hardening theory together with an incremental residual force technique. Several example solutions are included to demonstrate the ability of this approach in elasto-plastic plate-bending problems.
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  • 41
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    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 10 (1976), S. 1415-1418 
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: A finite element procedure based on residual potential or flow concept is proposed for free surface flow through porous media. A preliminary example is solved by using the proposed procedure.
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  • 42
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    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 10 (1976), S. 1404-1406 
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    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: The convergence of Hankel's asymptotic expansions for the Bessel functions of large complex argument are discussed, and a method is proposed to avoid numerical problems derived from their implementation in computer programs. Whiel the error tolerance cannot in all cases be controlled by the user, excellent results can indeed be obtained with application of the proposed method.
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  • 43
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    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 10 (1976), S. 1427-1427 
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    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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  • 44
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    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 10 (1976), S. 471-472 
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    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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  • 45
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    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 10 (1976), S. 475-478 
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    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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    Notes: Some new rational approximations to the error function erf(x) are discussed. They have the same asymptotic behaviour as erf(x), and are more accurate than the ones previously published.
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  • 46
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    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 10 (1976), S. 484-487 
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    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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  • 47
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    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 10 (1976), S. 488-488 
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    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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  • 48
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    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 10 (1976), S. 579-596 
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    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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    Additional Material: 11 Ill.
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  • 49
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    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 10 (1976), S. 619-635 
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    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: An algorithm for computing a linear Chebyshev approximation to a function defined on a finite set of points is presented. The method requires the accuracy of the approximation to be specified, and determines the least degree approximation which achieves this accuracy. The algorithm is based upon the simplex method of linear programming. A FORTRAN program is supplied in the Appendix.
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  • 50
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    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 10 (1976), S. 679-702 
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    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: The classical concept of slip-surfaces in soil mechanics is assigned a physical significance based on frequent observations of rupture in overconsolidated soils and rock masses; propagation of a narrow shear-band (i.e. slip-surface) is commonly the mechanism of failure. Effectively, relative sliding occurs between adjacent material points on the surface, a concept familiar in rack mechanics; just as failure by crack propagation can occur in metals well below net section yielding, so can progressive failure by band propagation cause slope failure at nominal stresses well below the peak strength of the material. The relative sliding is simulated here, for a material response which is linear outside the band, by superposing continuously distributed dislocations; use is made of influence functions, for dislocation and point-force singularities in a variety of materials and geometries. The method has further application in rock mechanics and metallurgy. A stress-displacement constitutive relation is imposed on the line of the band and the resulting non-linear singular integral equations necessitate numerical solutions; the routines are prefected on two problems for which answers are otherwise available. Extension to previously intractable plane-strain problems is then described and results are given for a surface-parallel shear-band corresponding to a flake slide on a long slope.
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  • 51
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    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 10 (1976), S. 235-237 
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    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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  • 52
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    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 10 (1976), S. 253-262 
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    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: The transmission-line matrix method is a time-domain numerical method for solving wave problems. This paper describes how a minor change in the computer program for loss-free dielectrics extends the method to include dielectric losses. Results are given in terms of the wave impedance of a waveguide with losses, and also in terms of power decay due to losses in the dielectric of a resonant cavity.
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  • 53
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    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 10 (1976), S. 478-484 
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    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: A procedure for numerical quadrature over a semi-infinite range is described which does not require storing weights or nodes. It is applicable to a wide variety of integrands including oscillatory functions and forms with integrable singularites. A computer program and numerical examples are presented.
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  • 54
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    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 10 (1976) 
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    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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  • 55
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    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 10 (1976), S. 527-533 
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    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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    Notes: It is possible to transform elliptic partial differential equations to exchange the dependent with one of the independent variables. The Laplace equation for a stream function ‘Ψ’ over the X and Y co-ordinate system, for example, can be transformed into a relationship expressing the Y position of streamlines in terms of strem function Ψ and X.Although the resulting new partial differential equation is much more complex it is much more convenient to use in a computer. An irregular Y boundary becomes, with the new relationship, merely the boundary values assigned to the outer streamlines and the computer always need only deal with a rectangular array. The resulting answer is in the form of the position of streamlines which is the information directly required for plotting flow maps.
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  • 56
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    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 10 (1976), S. 597-606 
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    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: An elasto-plastic analysis of anisotropic work-hardening materials, using the finite element method is presented. The analysis is based on the generalized Huber-Mises yield criterion extended by Hill for anisotropic materials. General expressions for the anisotropic parameters in the yield criterion have been derived both for initial yielding as well as subsequent yielding in the case of work-hardening materials.The isoparametric ‘quadratic’ quadrilateral elements have been used for the analysis and the ‘initial stress technique’ has been adopted for the iterative solution of the non-linear problems. The results of the various numerical examples have been compared with the available solutions.
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  • 57
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    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 10 (1976), S. 637-645 
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    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: An automated digital computer procedure is presented in this paper which enables efficient solution of the eigenvalue problem associated with the supersonic panel flutter phenomena. The step-by-step incremental solution procedure is based on an inverse iteration technique which effectively utilizes solution results from the previous step in determining such results during the current solution step. Also, the computations are limited to the determination of a few specific roots only, which are expected to contain the flutter mode, and this is achieved at each step without having to compute any other root.The structural discretization achieved by the finite element method yields highly banded stiffness, mass, and aerodynamic matrices; the aerodynamic matrix evaluated by the linearized piston theory is real but unsymmetric in nature. The solution algorithm presented in this paper fully exploits the banded form of the associated matrices, and the resulting computer program written in FORTRAN V for the JPL UNIVAC 1108 computer proves to be most efficient and economical when compared to existing procedures of such analysis. Numerical results are presented for a two-dimensional panel flutter problem.
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  • 58
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    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 10 (1976), S. 1193-1196 
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    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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  • 59
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    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 10 (1976) 
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    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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  • 60
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    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 10 (1976), S. 827-832 
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    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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  • 61
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    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 10 (1976), S. 1221-1231 
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    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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    Notes: The described program PFVIBAT uses the exact displacement method to perform free and forced vibration analysis entirely within the differential equation theory of beams thus avoiding assumed modes and lumped masses. The frame may contain rigid bodies. Clamped, hinged, guided and rolling connections are allowed for. Consideration of rotatory inertia, shear deformation and second-order bending moments and shear forces as caused by static axial load is optional. Eigenfrequencies and modal masses are calculated with an accuracy that may be specified. Displacement and moment modes are plotted. Transient vibrations are studied.
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  • 62
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    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 10 (1976), S. 1309-1315 
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    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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    Notes: ADI difference schemes of two and three levels for the parabolic equations with a mixed derivative have been derived. Using the stability analysis and the principal part of the truncation error, a difference formula with minimum truncation error has been found. Comparative study of the two and three level formulas has been made through two examples, one with constant coefficients and another with variable coefficients.
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  • 63
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    Notes: One of the integral parts of any finite element procedure is the subdivision of a finite dimensional region into a finite number of non-overlapping subregions. An algorithm for subdivision of 2-dimensional polygons into triangular subregions is presented here. The algorithm consists conceptually of two steps. In the first step the region is subdivided into convex subregions; In the second step the convex subregions are further subdivided into triangular elements.
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  • 64
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    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 10 (1976), S. 1389-1396 
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    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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    Notes: Galerkin finite element methods based on symmetric pyramid basis functions give poor accuracy when applied to second order elliptic equations with large coefficients of the first order terms. This is particularly so when the mesh size is such that oscillations are present in the numerical solution. In the present note asymmetric linear and quadratic basis functions are introduced and shown to overcome this difficulty in an appropriate two point boundary value problem. In particular symmetric quadratic basis functions are oscillation free and highly accurate for a working range of mesh sizes.
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    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 10 (1976), S. 1418-1419 
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    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 10 (1976), S. 1187-1190 
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    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 10 (1976), S. 1208-1208 
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  • 68
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    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 10 (1976), S. 1202-1207 
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    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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    Notes: Generalized quadrature is used for the numerical solution of two Fredholm integral equations which occur in electrostatics and aerodynamics.
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    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 10 (1976), S. 1249-1259 
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    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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    Notes: A procedure is given for generating two-dimensional conforming singularity elements from standard conforming elements. Three new elements with 0(r-p) derivative singularities are introduced. The technique is based on the use of elements defined by numerically integrated shape functions. Special quadrature rules are suggested for triangular elements. The degeneration of these elements to crack tip elements and the direct evaluation near the singularity of element quantities, such as the stress intensity factors, is discussed.
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    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 10 (1976), S. 1317-1327 
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    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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    Notes: A finite element model for analysing static problems of three-dimensional thin panel constructions is presented. The potential energy of stretching of each panel is represented by the classical Lagrange formulation of two-dimensional elasticity and in the finite element discretization piecewise linear u, v displacements are used. The potential energy of bending of each panel is represented in the finite element discretization by Hellan and Herrmann's model, i.e. piecewise constant moments and piecewise linear w-displacements are used. The physical appropriateness of the model is verified for different assemblages of panels, and in all cases good numerical results are obtained.
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    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 10 (1976), S. 1379-1387 
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    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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    Notes: A general method to formulate improved quadratic elements is presented. Derivation of the method is based on more accurate shape functions that take into account effects of governing differential equations. These new shape functions have the same form as those of the standard eight-node quadratic element. Therefore, they may be easily adapted into existing programs.The new quadratic element is compared with both standard and standard condensed quadratic elements. To show relative merits of different quadratic elements eigenvalue tests are performed. Several examples ranging from field problems, plane stress and bar vibration are used to demonstrate the applicability of this approach.
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    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 10 (1976), S. 1369-1377 
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    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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    Notes: The exact solution to the quasi-static, inelastic response of a cantilever beam of rectangular cross-section subjected to a bending moment at the tip is obtained. The material of the beam is assumed to be linearly elastic-linearly strain-hardening. This solution is then compared with three different numerical solutions of the same problem obtained by minimizing the total potential energy using Gaussian quadratures of two different orders and a Newton-Cotes scheme for integrating the strain energy of deformation. Significant differences between the exact dissipative strain energy and its numerical counterpart are emphasized. The consequence of this on the non-linear transient responses of a beam with solid cross-section and that of a thin-walled beam on elastic supports under impulsive loads are examined.
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    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 10 (1976), S. 1411-1414 
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    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
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    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 10 (1976), S. 1-23 
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    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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    Notes: The extended interior penalty function formulation is implemented. A rational method for determining the transition between the interior and extended parts is set forth. The formulation includes a straightforward method for avoiding design points with some negative components, which are physically meaningless in structural analysis. The technique, when extended to problems involving parametric constraints, can facilitate closed form integration of the penalty terms over the most important parts of the parameter interval. The method lends itself well to the use of approximation concepts, such as design variable linking, constraint deletion and Taylor series expansions of response quantities in terms of design variables.Examples demonstrating the algorithm, in the context of planar orthogonal frames subjected to ground motion, are included.
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    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 10 (1976), S. 67-76 
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    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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    Notes: An ‘Extended Matrix Transfer Method’ is presented which has an automatic root search capability that can be guaranteed to determine all the roots of the problem with the exception of those roots lying within prescribed tolerance bandwidths.The power and generality of the method is demonstrated by application to a specially synthesized problem.
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    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 10 (1976), S. 123-131 
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    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: This paper describes a procedure for the calculation of branch flows in a directed network in which the node-to-node flows are prescribed.The node-to-node paths of the network are enumerated using a combinatorial process. Procedures based on the path list are used to allocate the node-to-node flows to the alternative paths of the network according to Wardrop's first principle. The calculation, although necessarily iterative, is rapidly convergent.The method has been implemented as a computer program and the results obtained for a typical network are discussed.A linear relationship between branch potential and branch flow has been used, but the method can be extended to piece-wise linear and non-linear relationships.
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  • 77
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    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 10 (1976), S. 145-170 
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: This paper describes a new finite element scheme for the analysis of instability phenomena of arbitrary thin shells. A computationally efficient procedure is proposed for calculating the non-linear stiffness and tangential stiffness matrices for a doubly-curved quadrilateral element defined by co-ordinate lines. The essential feature is the explicit addition of the non-linear terms into the rigid-body motion of the element. Thus the non-linear and tangential element stiffness matrices can easily be generated by transforming the generalized element stiffness matrix for linear analysis, and the non-linear terms of these matrices are separated into a number of component terms multiplied by the rigid-body rotations. These component terms can be stored permanently and used to calculate efficiently the non-linear and tangential stiffness matrices at each iteration. Illustrative examples are presented which confirm the validity of the present approach in the analysis of instability phenomena of thin plates and shells.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
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  • 78
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    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 10 (1976), S. 230-235 
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: The results of previous workers relating the number of internal and external vertices in a two-dimensional network to the number of elements of one given geometry are generalized to cover elements of any geometry (not necessarily convex) and any number of edge nodes, which may be vertex nodses of adjacent elements.It is shown that a relationship between the number of elements and number of vertices (nodes) alone exists only on a surface (plane or otherwise) and therefore cannot be extended to three-dimensional networks.In three-dimensions, the number of elements with any number of edges and vertices is related to the number of internal and external edges and vertices, is related to the number of internal and external edges and vertices, enclosed by a surface which may be non-simple, (i.e. of topological genus greater than zero).
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  • 79
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    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 10 (1976), S. 243-251 
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: The existence of optimal points for calculating accurate stresses within finite element models is discussed. A method for locating such points is proposed and applied to several popular finite elements.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
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  • 80
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    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 10 (1976), S. 345-360 
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: An appropriate mathematical model for calculation of thermoelastic stress in steam turbine rotors, under transient operating conditions, is developed in the framework of so called uncoupled quasi-static theory. The numerical analysis has been carried out by means of the finite element code ANGUS, the accuracy of which has been evaluated by comparing it with an analytical solution given by one of the authors in Reference 2. It has been shown that, with an appropriate choice of thermal and elastic boundary conditions, it is possible to carry out stress transient analysis considering only a segment of the hottest zone of high or intermediate pressure body of rotors. The paper includes a comparison study of the influence of two types of thermal boundary conditions in the labyrinth glands.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
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  • 81
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    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 10 (1976), S. 413-421 
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: An iterative solution process combined with the penalty function method employed in constrained variational priciples is described. As an example of the use of the method an axi-symmetric plate with the complementary energy formulation is considered.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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  • 82
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    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 10 (1976), S. 457-463 
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: Various methods of curve fitting used in solving aero-thermodynamic problems of turbomachines have been compared. The first and second derivatives predicted by using orthogonal polynomial fits are much more accurate than those obtained by using spline fits (with different boundary conditions) and method of least squares.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
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  • 83
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    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 10 (1976), S. 474-475 
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
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  • 84
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    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 10 (1976), S. 487-487 
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
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  • 85
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    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 10 (1976), S. 491-502 
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: Four methods of numerically integrating a two-variable integral equation, which is used to describe non-dimensional radiosity in a diffuse grey cavity, are presented. Physical reasoning is used to organize the successful method for obtaining physically plausible solutions.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
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  • 86
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    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 10 (1976), S. 551-564 
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: A general curved element of arbitrary shape for both thick and thin shells is proposed for the linear fracture analysis of a through crack in a shell or a plate. The element is derived from a degenerate 20-noded solid isoparametric element using reduced integration technique. The 1/√(r) singularity of the strains is obtained by the same procedure proposed earlier for two- and three-dimensional problems,1,2 viz. by placing the mid-side nodes near the crack at the quarter points.Several illustrated examples ranging from classical solutions to practical problems are given to assess the accuracy of solution attainable.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
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  • 87
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    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 10 (1976), S. 607-617 
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: It is shown that the methods of steepest descents and conjugate gradients give smooth solutions of the ill-conditioned systems of linear equations obtained by the discretization of Fredholm equations of the first kind without the use of any regularization techniques. A modification of the usual method of steepest descents is described which is equivalent to applying two cycles of the usual method with very little additional work. A number of examples are worked including one with a degenerate kernel in which the algebraic system is singular.
    Additional Material: 7 Tab.
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  • 88
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    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 10 (1976), S. 665-678 
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: A finite strip method for the analysis of plate bending problems is described. This method, which takes into account the effects of transverse shear deformation, is applied to the static analysis of a curved plate and then to the free vibration and stability of thick and thin plates.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
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  • 89
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    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 10 (1976), S. 713-717 
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
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  • 90
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    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 10 (1976), S. 723-730 
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: An iterative method is developed for designing symmetrical Joukowski airfoils of specified chord and maximum thickness. The method has been programmed for a digital computer and results for a particular airfoil design are given.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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  • 91
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    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 10 (1976), S. 799-807 
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: A FORTRAN subroutine is presented which solves the system of simultaneous linear equations associated with the finite difference representation of the Poisson equation for rectangular or annular regions. The code is arranged to require minimum storage, and all possible operations involving known zeros and ones are suppressed. Single subscripting is employed to minimize execution time.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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  • 92
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    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 10 (1976), S. 833-844 
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: A finite difference solution for the transient non-linear heat conduction with phase change in a finite slab is proposed. A two-time level implicit method is used while Taylor's forward projection method is employed for taking into account the non-linearities. The stability due to the boundary conditions at the moving front is verified. The numerical solution is compared with the analytical solutions and found to be in close agreement.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
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  • 93
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    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 10 (1976), S. 873-883 
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: A numerical model for describing two-dimensional convective-dispersive processes in tidally influenced shallow bays in given. The model uses a multi-stage implicit technique with finite difference formulation, for solving the basic mass balance equation for a conservative constituent. The basic inputs to this model consist of instantaneous tidal velocities and depths obtained from an operational tidal hydrodynamic model.The sensitivity of the output concentrations to the variation of dispersion coefficients is investigated. Application of the model to a practical situation is demonstrated by considering Galveston Bay. Texas, U.S.A. The transport model is operated to generate results which are compared with measurements from dye release studies made in a physical model of Galveston Bay.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
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  • 94
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    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 10 (1976), S. 954-957 
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
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  • 95
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    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 10 (1976), S. 964-967 
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
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  • 96
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    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 10 (1976), S. 975-975 
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
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  • 97
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    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 10 (1976) 
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
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  • 98
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    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 10 (1976), S. 1065-1075 
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: A previous paper by the authors presented a finite element technique for computing accurate and bounded solutions at arbitrary points in second order mixed boundary value problems. The technique is extended herein to the computation of accurate and bounded derivatives at arbitrary interior points. Numerical results are presented to illustrate both the strengths and limitations to the method.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
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  • 99
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    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 10 (1976), S. 1047-1056 
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: This paper concerns the implementation of a recent idea, attributed to Hestenes and Powell, based on solving the equality constrained finite dimensional minimization problem \documentclass{article}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$$ \min \,\{ \,f(x)|(x)\, = \,0,\,x \in \,R^n \} $$\end{document} via the unconstrained problem \documentclass{article}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$$ \min \,\{ f\,(x)\, + \, 〈 g(x),\,\lambda 〉 + 0.5 〈 g(x),\,Kg(x) 〉 \,|\,x\, \in \,R^n,\,\lambda \, \in \,R^p $$\end{document} where ƒ is a non-linear functional, g is a non-linear mapping into Rp, K is a prescribed matrix of penalty constants and λ is the Lagrange multiplier. The computational algorithm is based on restoring active constraints to first order and adjusting x in the remaining necessary conditions by gradient projection. The minimization is performed by the variable metric rank-two BGFS update with linear search by cubic interpolation. Computational results using the algorithm include two problems of minimum fuel trajectory optimization - two impulse rendezvous with Comet Encke and three impulse constrained positioning of a geostationary satellite.
    Additional Material: 1 Tab.
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  • 100
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    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 10 (1976), S. 1115-1124 
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: In this note we are developing integration techniques for triangular regions in which one side is curved. Specifically, we are considering (a) general polynomial boundaries and (b) various combinations of elliptical boundaries. Integration is performed over all of these explicitly.One definite and considerable improvement achieved is the introduction of a new method of integration over polynomial type boundaries. This new method is not only exact for polynomials or other analytic functions, but also reduces the computing time considerably; for example, if for a sixth order polynomial the number of operations necessary (using previously available methods) to perform the integration was n, the method introduced here requires a number proportional to n1/6. Furthermore, coding time is also reduced considerably. It may be of value to mention that the availability of the results presented here could obviate the need for the use of isoparametric elements in some regions with curved boundaries.For completeness, explicit integration formulas for elliptic shaped regions are also listed.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
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