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  • 1980-1984  (3,496)
  • 1965-1969  (3,164)
  • 1960-1964  (3,305)
  • Organic Chemistry  (9,840)
  • Insulin
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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Vanadate stimulates the pumped movements of Na in skeletal muscle (1984)
    Springer
    Pflügers Archiv 400 (1984), S. 413-417 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2013
    Keywords: Sodium pump ; Na-K ATPase ; Na fluxes ; Vanadate ; Insulin ; Skeletal muscle ; Ouabain
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract We have measured the effects of concentrations of vanadate ranging between 0.01 and 10 mM on the22Na efflux of frog sartorius muscles. The addition of vanadate had no effects when concentrations lower than 0.5 mM were used; higher concentrations increased Na efflux. The increase was abolished by the addition of ouabain (10−5M). In muscles pretreated with ouabain vanadate did not modify Na efflux. The stimulatory effects of vanadate on Na efflux were also observed in Na-free solutions indicating that the effux of vanadate was not caused mainly either by an increase in the exchange of Na for Na or by an increase in Na entry into the muscle. We also examined the effects of vanadate on muscles immersed in solutions containing 20 mM K+; both vanadate and increased K+ produced stimulations of Na efflux that were additive. Similarly when the effects of vanadate and insulin were measured on the Na efflux of the same muscle, additive effects were found. As the ouabain-sensitive Na efflux in frog muscle is generally agreed to be due to the activity of the Na-K ATPase, our findings suggest that the net effect of vanadate in intact muscle cells is an increase in the activity of the Na pump. Since vanadate affects many enzymes it is quite possible that the stimulatory action is not due to a direct effect on the Na-K ATPase but may be mediated through an intermediary step. Regardless of the specific mechanism, it is evident that, our results as well as other findings in the literature, strongly indicate that Na pumping by intact cells can be increased by vanadate administration. Hence it is not justified to attribute the physiological modifications caused by vanadate administration to blockade of the Na-K ATPase unless the attribution is justified by specific experimental evidence.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00587542
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Factors governing the human immune response to injected insulin (1984)
    Springer
    Diabetologia 26 (1984), S. 266-271 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Keywords: Insulin ; insulin antibody ; immunogenicity ; immune response genes ; haemocyanin ; HLA ; DR7 ; C2 ; C4 ; factor B ; Gm ; C-peptide
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Seventy-nine patients were observed prospectively during their initial period of treatment with conventional bovine insulins. Insulin antibody levels 6 months after starting insulin therapy did not correlate with age, gender or β cell function at onset of treatment. Patients who required soluble insulin in addition to isophane insulin developed higher levels of insulin antibody. Patients bearing the HLA-B8, DR3 and C4AQO alleles had lower levels of insulin antibody, whereas those bearing DR7 produced significantly higher levels. Other alleles at the C4A, C4B, C2, factor B or Gm loci did not appear to have a significant effect on insulin antibody production. The hyporesponsiveness of B8/DR3/C4AQO-positive individuals probably reflects a non-specific abnormality of immunity whereas the enhanced responsiveness of those positive for DR7 suggests the presence of a specific immune response gene for insulin
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00283648
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Evidence for post-transcriptional regulation by insulin of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase and sterol synthesis in human mononuclear leucocytes (1984)
    Springer
    Diabetologia 26 (1984), S. 366-369 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Keywords: Insulin ; 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A ; sterol synthesis ; human mononuclear leucocytes ; post-transcriptional regulation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Incubation of freshly isolated human mononuclear leucocytes in lipid-depleted serum for 4 h resulted in a two-fold increase in 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) reductase activity. Insulin, when added to the incubation medium at concentrations of 10 and 100 nmol/l at zero time, caused additional increases in the enzyme activity of 30% and 37%, respectively. The hormone action was not immediate because no effect was observed when insulin was added at 4 h and activity examined thereafter. Under these conditions sterol synthesis from 14C-acetate and tritiated water was strictly proportional to the activity of HMG-CoA reductase. Cycloheximide (20 μg/ml), a translational inhibitor of protein synthesis, prevented the insulin-mediated increase in the enzyme activity and the incorporation of 14C-acetate into sterols. Cordycepin (50 μg/ml) inhibited messenger RNA synthesis by 〉 50%, but had no inhibitory effect on the induction of HMG-CoA reductase and sterol synthesis. Low density lipoprotein (80 μg protein/ml) and complete serum blocked the induction of the enzyme and sterol synthesis from 14C-acetate caused by lipid-depleted serum. The insulin-effect, however, remained unchanged. The results suggest that insulin may regulate the de novo synthesis of HMG-CoA reductase and accordingly sterol synthesis at a post-transcriptional level.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00266038
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of contact material on vibration-induced insulin aggregation (1984)
    Springer
    Diabetologia 27 (1984), S. 373-378 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Keywords: Insulin ; administration and dosage ; therapeutic use ; insulin infusion devices
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The tendency of insulin to form insoluble aggregates is a major obstacle to the development of implantable insulin infusion systems for treatment of insulin-deficient diabetic patients. A test system was developed to examine the kinetics of insulin aggregation under controlled conditions of temperature, vibration and contact material in an effort to provide design criteria for minimising aggregation. The contact materials tested were all potentially suitable for pump reservoirs on engineering criteria and included metals (stainless steel, titanium and a titanium alloy) and various plastics (polypropylene, polytetrafluoroethylene, Polyvinylchloride, polyamide, cellulose butyrate and silicone elastomer). The rate of insulin aggregation was markedly affected by the nature of the contact material. Hydrophilic materials, particularly polyamide and cellulose butyrate (2% of total insulin aggregated after 96 h vibration), appeared more compatible with insulin stability than did hydrophobic ones, such as polypropylene (16% aggregation) and Polyvinylchloride (37% aggregation). A specially formulated ‘pump’ insulin preparation, stabilised by addition of polyethylenepolypropyleneglycol, was significantly superior (three to five times more stable) to a regular neutral insulin formulation under most, but not all, conditions. Standard clinical syringes (polypropylene) performed poorly with both insulin formulations but especially with the neutral regular insulin (100% aggregation after 96 h vibration). In addition to physical aggregates, significant amounts (5%–30%) of the insulin remaining in solution were no longer detectable by immuno- or receptorassay in all materials tested. Appropriate combinations of insulin formulations and materials can minimise insulin aggregation and denaturation, but since the mechanisms involved are as yet poorly understood, realistic testing of proposed reservoir components and insulin formulations must be a prerequisite in insulin infusion pump planning and design. These testing procedures should be designed to test for denaturation in solution as well as for precipitation of insulin.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00304853
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of co-ingestion of fat on the metabolic responses to slowly and rapidly absorbed carbohydrates (1984)
    Springer
    Diabetologia 26 (1984), S. 50-54 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Keywords: Insulin ; gastric inhibitory polypeptide ; insulin sensitivity ; glucose tolerance ; diabetes ; diet ; fat ; rate of carbohydrate digestion
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The present study examined the acute effects of coingestion of fat (37.5 g) on the post-prandial metabolic responses to 75 g of carbohydrate which was either slowly absorbed (lentils) or rapidly absorbed (potatoes). Co-ingestion of fat resulted in a significant flattening of the post-prandial glucose curves, the effect being more pronounced for the rapidly absorbed potatoes. This was probably due to delayed gastric emptying. However, the post-prandial insulin responses to either carbohydrate were not significantly reduced by fat, suggesting that the insulin response to a given glucose concentration was potentiated in the presence of fat. The gastric inhibitory polypeptide (GIP) responses to both carbohydrates were greatly increased in the presence of fat. To investigate further the possible roles of GIP in the entero-insular axis, a 5-g bolus of glucose was injected intravenously 1 h after lentils ± fat. This was sufficient to raise the glucose levels above the threshold reported for GIP to potentiate insulin secretion. However, despite the large differences in circulating GIP levels, the insulin response to glucose was not affected by the presence of fat. These results suggest that (1) the rate of absorption of carbohydrate is a major determinant of post-prandial metabolic responses even in the presence of fat, (2) fat-stimulated GIP secretion does not potentiate glucose-induced insulin secretion, and (3) the potentiation of the insulin response to glucose when carbohydrate is co-ingested with fat is consistent with the well-documented insulin resistance associated with high fat diets.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00252263
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Long-term follow-up of children with craniopharyngioma (1984)
    Springer
    European journal of pediatrics 142 (1984), S. 179-185 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1076
    Keywords: Craniopharyngioma ; Growth ; Insulin ; Neurosurgery ; Radiotherapy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Management of craniopharyngiomas is still controversial. 28 children with this tumor were studied. GH deficiency was present in 22 patients following surgery, 10 of these GH-lacking patients had normal or accelerated growth (usually associated with rapid weight gain) postoperatively. Somatomedin levels were normal in three of six normally growing patients. After craniotomy their basal and TRH-stimulated prolactin levels were in the normal range, but their insulin secretion was markedly increased. Postoperatively there was a significant correlation between peak insulin levels following arginine infusion and growth velocity in all patients. Complete tumor removal could be performed in 28% of our patients. Altogether 36% of all patients had at least one tumor recurrence. Recent literature with the addition of our series showed tumor recurrence in 22% of patients with “total” tumor excision and in 72% of patients with partial tumor removal. Radiotherapy seems to be capable of destroying craniopharyngioma tissue. The recurrence rate was only 26% in patients with subtotal excision plus radiotherapy. Unless radical tumor removal can be attempted with safety, subtotal tumor removal plus radiotherapy appears to be the treatment of choice for craniopharyngioma.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00442445
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Inotropic effect of prenalterol in amitriptyline poisoning (1984)
    Springer
    Intensive care medicine 10 (1984), S. 209-211 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1238
    Keywords: Amitriptyline ; Hydrocortisone ; Insulin ; Prenalterol ; Cardiac failure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract A case of severe amitriptyline poisoning with grade IV coma, seizures, bradycardia and hypotension who did not respond to dopamine was successfully treated with prenalterol, a new cardioselective β-agonist. The case is discussed with respect to plasma concentrations of dopamine, prenalterol and amitriptyline. Prenalterol, hydrocortisone and insulin may be useful as inotropic agents in tricyclic poisoning where dopamine fails to provide an adequate response.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00259441
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Energetics of active sodium-potassium transport following stimulation with insulin, adrenaline or salbutamol in rat soleus muscle (1984)
    Springer
    Pflügers Archiv 401 (1984), S. 160-166 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2013
    Keywords: Biological transport ; Insulin ; Energy metabolism ; Epinephrine ; Endocrinology ; Albuterol (salbutamol) ; Active sodium-potassium transport ; Muscle
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The total metabolic energy expenditure associated with active Na−K-transport over the first 20 min of stimulation with insulin, adrenaline or salbutamol (ΔHmNa−K) was determined from direct calorimetric and tracer ion flux measurements in isolated muscles at rest. The reversible work performed by the Na−K-pump during the same interval of time (WrevNa−K) was calculated as the product of the ouabain-suppressible Na−K transfers and the mean free energy increase imparted to the two ions as they are transported against their electrochemical gradients across the plasma membrane. Comparison of membrane potential and intracellular Na and K concentrations before and after the stimulations indicated that part of WrevNa−K had contributed to increase the ion electrochemical gradients in the preparation (i.e. had not been lost as heat) during the 20 min period. Accordingly, the maximum value of ΔHmNa−K was taken as the sum of the ouabain-suppressible heat production and WrevNa−K. Following stimulation with insulin, adrenaline or salbutamol this maximum corresponded to 10, 10 and 12% respectively, of basal metabolism. Under the same three conditions, the minimum “energetic efficiency” of the active Na−K-transport process, defined as the ratio between WrevNa−K and maximum ΔHmNa−K, was 35, 41 and 38%, respectively.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00583876
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Neurotensin — Was ist gesichert über seine Rolle als Hormon im Magen-Darmtrakt? (1984)
    Springer
    Journal of molecular medicine 62 (1984), S. 523-530 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Keywords: Neurotensin ; Gastrointestinal hormones ; Gastric secretion ; Pancreatic secretion ; Motility ; Insulin ; Glucagon
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Neurotensin is a tridecapeptide originally isolated and characterized from bovine hypothalamus and later, in identical form, from bovine and human intestine. In the rat about 85% of immunoreactive neurotensin is found in the gut and about 10% in the brain. When an antibody specific for the amino terminal region of neurotensin was used the highest concentrations were found in the mucosa of the ileum, while an antibody specific for the biologically active region, the carboxyl terminus, also detected large amounts in the mucosa of the upper gastrointestinal tract. After a meal neurotensin — as measured by carboxyl terminal antibodies — rises after 5 min, a time in which the chymus has not yet reached the ileum, the main source of whole neurotensin. It is therefore possible that the carboxyl terminal molecules of neurotensin, found in the upper gastrointestinal tract, play an important physiological role. In plasma, neurotensin is rapidly degraded into smaller amino terminal and therefore biologically inactive molecules. Increases of carboxyl terminal neurotensin have been found in plasma in only a very few studies. The nature of this immunoreactive material has not yet been established. Therefore, the physiological role of neurotensin as a circulating hormone is unknown. Potential actions of neurotensin include thermoregulation, regulation of hormone release from brain (pituitary hormones) and gut (glucagon, insulin, somatostatin, pancreatic polypeptide), increase of vascular permeability, vasodilatation, inhibition of gastric acid secretion, stimulation of pancreatic secretion and changes of gut motility from the fasting to the fed type.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01727746
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Studies on acute glucose-induced aldosterone suppression: Role of renin-angiotensin system (1984)
    Springer
    Journal of molecular medicine 62 (1984), S. 213-217 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Keywords: Aldosterone ; Glucose ; Insulin ; Potassium ; Renin-angiotensin system ; Cortisol ; Captopril
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Glucose loading is known to cause acute suppression of plasma aldosterone and stimulation of plasma renin activity. The relative contribution of variations in circulating angiotensin II to the regulation of aldosterone secretion following glucose loading was assessed in ten normal subjects. The effects of a standard oral glucose loading test (100 g) on plasma concentrations of glucose, insulin, potassium, aldosterone, renin activity and cortisol were studied (a) under basal conditions, and (b) after inhibition of angiotensin II with the converting enzyme inhibitor captopril (50 mg t.i.d. during 3 days). Under basal conditions the acute increase in plasma glucose and insulin after glucose loading was accompanied by a significant decrease (P〈0.01) in plasma cortisol and aldosterone and by a significant increase in plasma renin activity (P〈0.01); plasma potassium was decreased slightly but not significantly. Following captopril treatment preloading plasma renin activity was increased significantly, most probably reflecting an effective reduction of angiotensin II. Glucose loading caused a similar suppression of plasma aldosterone, as observed under basal conditions. This observation suggests that renin activation does not substantially contribute to the acute regulation of plasma aldosterone after an oral glucose load.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01721046
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  • 11
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of continuous and oscillatory portal vein insulin infusion upon glucose-induced insulin release in rats (1984)
    Springer
    Research in experimental medicine 184 (1984), S. 67-71 
    Details
    ISSN: 1433-8580
    Keywords: Oscillations ; Insulin ; Glucose
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The present study was designed to determine the effect of low dose continuous and oscillatory intraportal insulin infusions upon subsequent glucose-induced insulin release. In overnight-fasted and anesthetized rats with indwelling catheters in the jugular vein, carotic artery, and mesenteric vein insulin was infused intraportally for 3 h via the mesenteric vein catheter at a continuous rate of 45 µU/kg·min, or the same amount of insulin was administered at alternating high (72 µU/kg·min) and low infusion rates (18 µU/kg·min), respectively, in 2-, 4-, 8-, and 16-min cycles (oscillatory infusions). Another group received a continuous infusion of saline. Glucose (0.4 g/kg) was given i.v. 30 min after the end of the insulin or saline infusion. During the 3-h infusion of insulin or saline the peripheral glucose level remained unchanged in all groups. In response to the i.v. glucose load peripheral arterial plasma insulin levels were significantly elevated after preceding oscillatory infusions compared to the continuous insulin infusion. As compared to the group receiving saline the glucose-induced insulin response after continuous insulin infusion was significantly reduced. The plasma glucose responses were not different except for inexplicably elevated glucose levels in the 4-min cycle group. No difference was observed for plasma glucagon levels in all groups. The present data demonstrate an augmented responsiveness of theβ-cell to glucose after a preceding oscillatory infusion of insulin and an impaired responsiveness to glucose after continuous insulin infusion. This indicates that an oscillatory insulin release might be of importance for an adequate regulation ofβ-cell function.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01852224
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  • 12
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Metabolic and hormonal responses to prolonged physical exercise in dogs after a single fat-enriched meal (1984)
    Springer
    European journal of applied physiology 53 (1984), S. 267-273 
    Details
    ISSN: 1439-6327
    Keywords: Exercise ; Triglycerides ; Free fatty acids ; Glycerol ; Insulin ; Catecholamines
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Metabolic and hormonal responses to prolonged treadmill exercise in dogs fed a fat-enriched meal 4 h prior to the exercise were compared to those measured 4 h after a mixed meal or in the postabsorptive state. Ingestion of the fat-enriched meal caused significant elevations in the resting values of plasma triglyceride (TG), free fatty acid (FFA), and glycerol concentrations. A reduction of the plasma TG concentration (from 1.6±0.2 to 1.1±0.10 mmol·l−1,P〈0.005) occurred only in dogs exercising after the fat-enriched meal. No significant changes in this variable were noted in dogs fed a mixed meal, whilst in the postabsorptive state exercise caused an increase in the plasma TG level (from 0.42±0.03 to 0.99±0.11 mmol·l−1,P〈0.01). The exercise-induced elevations in plasma FFA and glycerol concentrations were the highest in the dogs given the fat-enriched meal. Plasma glycerol during exercise correlated with the initial values of circulating TG (r=0.73). The plasma FFA-glycerol ratio, at the end of exercise was lowest in the dogs taking the fat-enriched meal (1.39±0.19), suggesting an increased utilization of FFA in comparison with that in the postabsorptive state (3.27±0.37) or after a mixed meal (2.88±0.55). Basal serum insulin (IRI) concentrations were similarly enhanced in dogs fed fat-enriched and mixed meals, and they were reduced to control values within 60 min of exercise. Plasma adrenaline and noradrenaline concentrations correlated with time of exercise (r=0.84 andr=0.96, respectively) and were unaffected by the nutritional modifications. It is concluded that ingestion of a single fat-enriched meal considerably modifies the exercise-induced changes in lipid metabolism. The pattern of changes in plasma TG, FFA, and glycerol concentrations indicates an enhanced hydrolysis of plasma chylomicron-TG, suggesting that this lipid source may contribute markedly to exercise metabolism.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00776601
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  • 13
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Further increase in high density lipoprotein in trained males after enhanced training (1984)
    Springer
    European journal of applied physiology 52 (1984), S. 426-430 
    Details
    ISSN: 1439-6327
    Keywords: Apoproteins ; Lipoproteins ; Insulin ; Blood lactate ; Physical training
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Eight well-trained males were studied before, during and after 6 months of a progressively increased amount of endurance training in order to elucidate the effects on the apoproteins and apo-lipoproteins. Initially high HDL-cholesterol levels were revealed (1.62±0.15 mmol×l−1, mean ± SE.). After a transient but not significant, slight decline at the onset of the increased training program (1.57±0.06 mmol×l−1) HDL-cholesterol increased gradually to the end of the training period (1.92±0.12 mmol×l−1). There was an increased aerobic capacity as judged by maximal oxygen uptake and by lactate concentration during standardized submaximal work. However, at the end of the training period, a levelling off in maximal oxygen uptake was revealed, while HDL-cholesterol was still increasing. The present data demonstrate that HDL can be influenced by training at all levels of aerobic capacity.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00943374
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  • 14
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of a rapid change in muscle glycogen availability on metabolic and hormonal responses during exercise (1984)
    Springer
    European journal of applied physiology 53 (1984), S. 57-62 
    Details
    ISSN: 1439-6327
    Keywords: Muscle glycogen ; Time sequence ; Free fatty acids ; Insulin ; Exercise in humans
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary To evaluate the metabolic and hormonal adaptations following a rapid change in muscle glycogen availability, 14 subjects had their muscle glycogen content increased in one leg (IG) and decreased in the other (DG). In group A (n=7), subjects exercised on a bicycle ergometer at 70% maximal oxygen uptake for 20 min using the DG leg. Without resting these same subjects exercised another 20 min using the IG leg. Subjects in group B (n=7) followed the same single-leg exercise protocol but in the reverse order. In order to get some information on the time sequence of these possible adaptations, blood samples were collected at rest and at the beginning and the end of each exercise period (min 5, 20, 25, and 40). Results indicated that 5 min after the switch from the DG leg to the IG leg. transient increases in plasma free fatty acids (1.20 to 1.39 meq·l−1) and serum insulin (10.1 to 12 mU·l−1) concentrations occured. Between minute 25 and 40 of exercise, the DG to IG switch was accompanied by a decrease in free fatty acids and glycerol concentrations as well as an increase in lactate levels. An opposite response was observed in the IG to DG condition during the same time span. Plasma norepinephrine, epinephrine, glucagon, and serum cortisol concentrations were not significantly affected by the leg change. These results suggest a rapid preferential use of muscle glycogen when available and a time lag in the response of the extramuscular substrate mobilization factors.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00964691
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  • 15
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of prolonged maternal fast on the pancreas of 18–21-day-old foetal rats (1984)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 237 (1984), S. 169-179 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Foetal pancreas ; β Cells ; Insulin ; Fasting mothers ; Morphometry ; Rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary After maternal fasting for 72 h the pancreatic β cells of 18-day-old foetal rats show a conspicuous enrichment in secretory material, with an increase of pancreatic insulin concentration and a marked development of the rough endoplasmic reticulum and the Golgi apparatus. The morphometric analysis shows that the intracytoplasmic migration of the secretory granules is inhibited, principally inside the cell web. Consequently the number of secretory granules fused with plasma membrane decreases and this is associated with a decreased foetal plasma insulin. The difference in the ultrastructural aspect of the β cells of foetuses from fasting mothers and of foetuses from fed mothers is less conspicuous at 19 days of gestation and progressively disappears at 20 and 21 days. The modifications in ultrastructural aspect and in functional state are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00229213
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  • 16
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Einfache Darstellung von 4-Oxo-tetrahydropyrimidinen (1984)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 326 (1984), S. 279-286 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Convenient Synthesis of 4-Oxo-tetrahydropyrimidinesEnamino-nitriles as 6 or 11 yield 4-oxo-pyrimidines (2; 2a; 10; 12a-c) on treatment with cyclohexanone in basic media. Analogous compounds are obtained using acetone, butyraldehyde, benzaldehyde or substituted benzaldehydes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/prac.19843260213
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  • 17
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Der „Nornialisierungsfaktor“ für die Toinatenmutante chloronerva. XV.XIV. Mitt.: J. FAUST, A. PREISS, K. SCHREIBER u. H. RIPPERGER, Tetrahedron, 39 (1983) 1593. Nomenklatur und Abkürzungen nach E. WÜNSCH in Methoden der Organischen Chemie (Houben-Weyl), Herausg. E. MÜLLER, Bd. XV/1, S. 1, Georg Thieme Verlag Stuttgart 1974; H.-D. JAKUBKE u. H. JESCHKEIT, Aminosäuren, Peptide, Proteine, 3. Aufl., S. 15, 97, Akademie-Verlag Berlin 1982. Ferner bedeutet: EEDQ = 2-Ethoxy-1-ethoxycarbonyl-1,2-dihydrochinolin; DCC = Dicyclohexylcarbodiimid. Peptidanaloga des Phytosiderophors Nicotianamin (1984)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 326 (1984), S. 266-272 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The “Normalizing Factor” for the Tomato Mutant chloronerva. XV. Peptide Analogues of the Phytosiderophore NicotianamineSome peptide analogues of the phytosiderophore nicotianamine, (2S, 3′S, 3″S)-N-[3-(3-amino-3-carboxypropylamino)-3-carboxypropyl]-azetidine-2-carboxylic acid, have been synthesized from protected amino acids by the EEDQ or the DCC method. They exhibited no biological effect with regard to the phenotypical normalization of the tomato mutant chloronerva.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/prac.19843260211
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  • 18
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    About nitrile-formamide-chloride-adducts. IX. Synthesis of 1,3- or 1,5-disubstituted 1,2,4-triazoles by the reaction of nitrile-formamide chloride-adducts and their products of hydrolysis with hydrazines (1984)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 326 (1984), S. 311-319 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: 2-Aza-3-chloro-2-propeniminium salts 5, which are easily available by the addition of formamide chlorides 1 to nitriles 2 react smoothly with hydrazines 9 giving rise to 1,3-disubstituted 1,2,4,-triazoles 11. When the 2-aza-3-chloro-2-propeniminium salts 5 are hydrolysed first the resulting N-acyl-formamidinium salts 6 react with hydrazines 9 to 1,5 disubstituted 1,2,4-triazoles 13 via isolable N-acyl-formamidrazones 12.
    Additional Material: 4 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/prac.19843260216
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  • 19
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    Quantenchemische Untersuchungen zur Molekül- und Elektronenstruktur einfacher Azomethinimine und verwandter Verbindungen (1984)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 326 (1984), S. 303-310 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Quantum Chemical Investigations of the Molecular and Electronic Structure of Simple Azomethine Imines and Related CompoundsThe molecular and electronic structure of simple azomethinimines are investigated by means of MINDO/3 and CNDO/2 calculations. The calculated molecular geometry is compared with X-ray results obtained for these compounds. Except for the NN-bond lengths MINDO/3 satisfactorily describes the molecular structure of azomethinimine and related π-electronic systems. The charges at the atoms along the conjugated chain are alternating as in polymethines. The terminal carbon atom carries a negative charge. This charge brings about an appreciable shielding of this carbon atom such as found in the 13C-n.m.r. spectrum. This result does not contradict a stabilization of azomethinimines in the crystal via = CH…O=C interactions.
    Additional Material: 2 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/prac.19843260215
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  • 20
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    Synthese von Oligodeoxyribonucleotiden nach dem Triesterverfahren an einem Polystyren-Teflonträger (1984)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 326 (1984), S. 320-328 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Synthesis of Oligodeoxyribonucleotides on a Polystyrene Grafted Polytetrafluorethylene Support via Phosphotriester Intermediates
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/prac.19843260217
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  • 21
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    Chinazolincarbonsäuren. I. Chinazolin-4-on(2,4-dion)-3-yl-essigsäuren und deren Ester (1984)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 326 (1984), S. 342-348 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Quinazolincarboxylic Acids. I. Quinazolin-4-on(2,4-dion)-3-acetic Acids and Esters
    Additional Material: 6 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/prac.19843260220
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  • 22
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    Selectivity in the Oxidation of Aliphatic Ketones by thallic sulphate in aqueous medium (1984)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 326 (1984), S. 374-380 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The effects of temperature, structure and sulphuric acid concentration on the selectivity of the oxidation of aliphatic ketones (R1COR2) (1a-g) by thallic sulphate have been investigated. With increasing temperature the quantity of internal α-hydroxyketone (3a-d) decreases and the quantity of 1-hydroxyketone (2a-d) increases in the oxidation of methyl alkyl ketones (R2〉CH3) (1a-d). The same concerns to the oxidation products of hexan-3-one (1e): 2-hydroxy-hexan-3-one (2e) and 4-hydroxy-hexan-3-one (3e), respectively. “The inverse selectivity temperature” (IST) for oxidation of linear methyl alkyl ketones (1a-c) and hexan-3-one (1e) has been found. With the use of the linear free-energy relationship it has been found that the selectivity of the reaction decreases with increasing the polar and steric effects of substituents R1, R2. With increasing the sulphuric acid concentration the selectivity of the oxidation of methyl alkyl ketones (1a, 1d) increases.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/prac.19843260305
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  • 23
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    Elektrophile Reaktionen an der Maleinimiddoppelbindung (1984)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 326 (1984), S. 401-406 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Electrophilic Reactions on the Maleimide Double BondThe aminosubstituted maleimides 1 are deprotonated to the anions 2, which are reacted with various electrophiles. By this way with heterocumulenes, acid chlorides and vinylogous acid chlorides the new acylated maleimides 3-6, 9, 10 are isolated. This reaction presents a method of direct acylation on the maleimide double bond.
    Additional Material: 1 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/prac.19843260308
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  • 24
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    Lichtinitiierte Polymer- und Polymerisationsreaktionen. 14.13. Mitteilung: siehe H.-J. TIMPE, C. GARCIA, S. P. PAPPAS, L. R. GATECHAIR, E. L. BRESKMAN, u. R. M. FISCHER: Polym. Photochem., im Druck. Radikalische Photopolymerisation mit Kaliumtrisoxalatocobaltat-Aryloniumsalz-Systemen (1984)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 326 (1984), S. 415-425 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Light Induced Polymer and Polymerization Reactions. 14. Radical Photopolymerization by Potassium Trisoxalato Cobaltate Arylonium Salts Systems.The photopolymerization of acrylamide (AA) by trisoxalato cobaltate ([Co(ox)3]3⊖) is inefficient because the produced nucleophilic ·CO2⊖-radicals are oxidized or they terminate with polymer radicals. If onium compounds are added to this system the initiation efficiency is increased as follows : p-CH3OC6H4N2⊕〉Ph2I⊕〉PhCOCH2S(CH3)2⊕〉Ph3S⊕. By means of quantum yield measurements a mechanism was proposed including the electron transfer from ·CO2⊖ to onium compounds. The produced radicals also initiate the polymerization of AA. The exponent m of the polymerization rate (vp ≍ [AA]m) is decreased from 1.4 to 1.1 in the presence of Ph2I⊕, deciding the decrease of termination reaction between ·CO2⊖ and polymer radicals. In comparison with K3[Fx(ox)3] the corresponding cobalt complex possesses higher polymerization quantum yields for AA.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/prac.19843260310
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  • 25
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    Korrelationen vom Hammett-Typ zwischen 13C-NMR-chemischen Verschiebungen und Substitutentenkonstanten bei Anilen des p-Nitrozimtaldehyds (1984)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 326 (1984), S. 505-510 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Hammett-like Correlations between 13C-NMR Chemical Shifts and Substituent Constants on Aniles of p-Nitrocinnamaldehyde
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/prac.19843260320
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  • 26
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    Zur Cyanethylierung von Hydrochinazolinonen (1984)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 326 (1984), S. 849-852 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Cyanoethylation of HydroquinazolinonesBy the reaction of acrylonitrile with octahydroquinazolinone-spirocyclohexane (1), cyanoethyl-octahydroquinazolinone-spirocyclohexane (2) is formed. Compound 2 and hydrogen-peroxide yield 5a-cyanoethyl-5-oxo-perhydro-oxaziridino[3,2-j]-quinazolin-2-spirocyclohexane (5). 2-Phenyl-octahydroquinazolinone (7) and acrylonitrile form 3,5a-biscyanoethyl-2-phenyl-octahydroquinazolinone-(4) (8). Compound 8 and hydrogenperoxide yield 3-phenyl-4,5a-biscyanoethyl-4-oxoperhydro-oxaziridino[3,2-j]-quinazoline (9). Compound 9 rearranges with ferrous sulphate to 3,4a-bis-cyanoethyl-4-oxo-8a-hydroxy-2-phenyl-octahydro-quinazoline (10).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/prac.19843260602
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  • 27
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    Untersuchungen zum Photochromie- und Thermochromie-Effekt an Benzilphenylhydrazonen (1984)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 326 (1984), S. 876-892 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: About the Photochromic and Thermochromic Effect of Benzil PhenylhydrazonesBenzil phenylhydrazone 1 synthesized from benzil and phenylhydrazine possesses s-trans-E configuration detected by means of quantum chemical calculations and its spectral data. Upon irradiation a photochromic process proceeds with a λ-shift Δ λ ≈ 80 nm. The photoproduct has an s-cis-Z configuration. The quantum yields of the EZ-isomerization measured by spectroscopic methods depend on solvent (ΦEZ= 0,077 in CH3OH, ΦEZ= 0,22 in n-hexane), but are independent of the excitation wavelengths and O2. Benzil N-methylphenylhydrazone 2 is inactive under stationary irradiation. Both the Z/E-isomerization of 1 and 2 are be sensitized by benzil and m-methoxyacetophenone. On the basis of kinetic measurements the quantum yields of sensitized reactions of 1 are calculated (ΦEZsens = 0,43; ΦZEsens = 0,57). In protic solvents benzil phenylhydrazone 1 has thermochromic properties caused by E/Z-isomerizations. The measured activation parameters of these reactions are small. It is assumed that both the photoinduced and thermal isomerizations proceed via azo intermediates, as indicated by flash photolysis experiments.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/prac.19843260605
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  • 28
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    Photooxidation von Leukofarbstoffen. VIII. Kurzzeitspektroskopische Untersuchungen zum Mechanismus der Photooxidation von Leukokristallviolett (1984)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 326 (1984), S. 899-909 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Photooxidation of Leuco Dyes. VIII. Time Resolved Investigations of the Mechanism of the Photooxidation of Leucocrystal VioletThe photooxidation of leucocrystal violet has been reexamined by means of conventional and laser flash photolysis as well as spin trap experiments. Three radical transients have been observed and assigned to the cation radical (λmax ≈ 490, 530 nm), the neutral radical with one—NCH3—CH2 moiety (λmax ≈ 480 nm) and the triphenyl methyl radical derivative (λmax ≈ 400 nm).
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/prac.19843260607
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  • 29
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    Praxis der Kapillar-Gas-Chromatographie. (Mit Beispielen aus Lebensmittel- und Umweltchemie), F. L. Boschke, W. Fresenius, J. F. K. Huber, E. Pungor u.a., 1. Aufl., 162 S., 29 Abb., 2 Tab., Format (cm) 16 × 24, Berlin, Heidelberg, New York: Springer-Verlag 1983. Anleitungen für die chemische Laboratoriumspraxis, Bd. 18, gebunden, 84,- DM (1984)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 326 (1984), S. 352-352 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/prac.19843260222
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  • 30
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    Darstellung von β-substituierten trans-Ethylen-diphenylphosphinen und -sulfiden durch P(O)- und P(S)-aktivierte Olefinierung (1984)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 326 (1984), S. 360-366 
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    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Preparation of β-Substituted trans-Ethylene Diphenylphosphines and Sulphides by P(0) and P(S)-activated OlefinationMethylene bis-diphenylphosphine monoxide (3c) in tuluene reacts regiospecifically and stereoselectively with aldehydes in the presence of potassium tert-butoxide to ß-substituted transethylene diphenylphosphines 6, which can be oxidized to the sulphides 2 by sulphur in acetone. These sulphides 2 are to be obtained also directly from methylene bis-diphenylphosphine oxide sulphide 3b and methylene bis-diphenylphosphine disulphide 3d, respectively, under the same olefination conditions. But the yields are smaller and the purification of the raw products is much more difficult, if 3d is used.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/prac.19843260303
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    Synthesis of new nitrile imines with Pyridazin-3(2H)-one moiety and their addition to some dipoles. I (1984)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 326 (1984), S. 599-604 
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    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The present work deals with the synthesis of 6-aryl-2-ethoxycarbonyl pyridazin-3(2H)-ones (2) as useful synthetic intermediates because they allow formation of a new hydrazides (3), hydrazidoyl chlorides (4) and the highly reactive nitrile imine species (5). Dimerization and reaction of the latter species with benzonitrile, benzaldehyde and their p-methoxy and p-nitro derivatives provides a convenient method for the synthesis of substituted 1, 2, 4, 5-tetrazines (6), 1, 2, 4-triazoles (7) and 1, 3, 4-oxadiazoles (8), respectively, with pyridazin-3(2H)-one moiety.
    Additional Material: 1 Tab.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/prac.19843260411
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  • 32
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    Cyansäureester. 35. Über Bildung und Folgereaktionen von N-Cyanatophthalimid. Neue spezifisch aktivierte und blockierte Isatosäurederivate (1984)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 326 (1984), S. 737-746 
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    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Cyanic Acid Esters. 35. On Formation and Consecutive Reactions of N-Cyanato Phthalimide. New Specifically Activated and Blocked Isatoic Acid DerivativesDepending on the reaction conditions N-hydroxy-phthalimide affords on treatment with cyanogen bromide via N-cyanato phthalimide 2 the iminocarbonate 3 and isatoic acid derivatives 7 and 16. Both the latter react with nucleophiles as isatoic acid derivatives activated on the carboxylic group and protected on the carbamic group or vice versa, furnishing N,N-bis alkoxycarbonyl anthranilic acid amides 9, N-alkoxycarbonyl anthranilic acid amides 12, o-alkoxycarbonyl phenyl ureas 17 and the benzotriazepin-2,5-dione 14. The structures of the new compounds are proved by 1H-n.m.r. and 13C-n.m.r. measurements as well as independent synthesis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/prac.19843260505
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    Desaktivierungsverhalten von Arenen und Heteroarenen. XLI [1b]. Struktur- und Umgebungseinflüsse auf die intramolekulare [π4s + π4s]-photo-cycloaddition von α,ω-Bis-(9-acridiziniumyl)-alkanen (1984)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 326 (1984), S. 757-764 
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    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Deactivation Behaviour of Arenes and Heteroarenes. XLI. Structural and Environmental Effects on the Intramolecular [π4s + π4s]- Photocycloaddition Reaction of α, ω-Bis-(9-acridiziniumyl) - alkanes.Fluorescence characteristics, including quantum yields and decay times, and quantum efficiencies for the reversible intramolecular [π4s + π4s]- photocycloaddition reaction for a series of α, ω-bis-(9-acridiziniumyl)-alkanes have been measured in several solvents and they have been compared with those of the model compounds acridizinium-ion. and 9-methyl-acridizinium-ion. These parameters of the bichromophores depend on the number of CH2-groups of chromophor linkage. The title compounds investigated were divided into groups of common behaviour, and differences are due to increasing bond angle strain and coulomb-repulsion in the photocyclomer state.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/prac.19843260507
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    Zur Kenntnis der katalytischen Dimerisation von Acrylsäurederivaten mit Hilfe von Palladiumkomplexen. IV. Zur Dimerisation von Methyl-methacrylat (1984)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 326 (1984), S. 779-790 
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    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: On the Catalytic Dimerization of Acrylic Acid Derivatives by Palladium Complexes. IV. The Dimerization of Methyl Methacrylate.Methyl methacrylate has been dimerized to a mixture of 2.5-di(methoxycarbonyl)-hex-1-ene(1) and (E)-2.5-di(methoxycarbonyl)-hex-2-ene (2) by catalytic systems containing dichlorobis (nitrile)-palladium (II) complexes and silver tetrafluoroborate, Codimerization experiments with methyl acrylate show a lower reactivity of methyl methacrylate. Oxidative addition of ß-chloro methyl methacrylate to tetrakis (triphenylphosphine) palladium (O) gave ß-polladio methyl methacrylates (8, 9) suitable for model investigations of the catalytic reaction. A proposal is given for a mechanism via pd(IV) intermediates.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/prac.19843260509
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    Apocyanine Dyes from 4,5-Dioxo-3-methyl-1-phenyl-pyrazoline (1984)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 326 (1984), S. 811-816 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 7 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/prac.19843260513
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    Massenspektrometrische Fragmentierung von 4-substituierten 5-Hydroxynaphth[2,1-d]1,3-oxathiol-2-onenOxidative Kupplung CH-acider Vorbindungen mit p-Phenylendiaminen. IX (1984)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 326 (1984), S. 804-810 
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    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Mass Spectrometric Fragmentation of 4-Substituted 5-Hydroxynaphth[2,1-d]1,3-oxathiol-2-onesThe mass spectra of 5-hydroxynaphth[2,1-d]1,3-oxathiol-2-ones 1a-1x have been studied. They show characteristic fragmentations with participation of neighbouring groups. Investigations of isotopically labelled 4-alkyl and 4-acyl derivatives give evidence for the formation of cyclic ionic structures.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/prac.19843260512
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    Untersuchungen zur pH-Abhängigkeit der UV-Spektren substituierter Naphthalensulfonsäuren - ein Beitrag zur Strukturaufklärung von sauren Azofarbstoffen (1984)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 326 (1984), S. 823-828 
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    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The Dependence of UV-Spectra of Substituted Naphthalenesulfonic Acids upon the pH-Value - A Contribution in Order to Elucidate the Structure of Acid Azo Dyes
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/prac.19843260515
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    Reversible photoisomerizations of sulfonephthalein indicator dyes. III. Kinetic Analysis of the Intermediate Sultone Formation (1984)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 326 (1984), S. 910-916 
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    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A detailed kinetic analysis is presented of the transient sultone (A2) formation which proceeds thermally from a photogenerated intermediate species after flash excitation of bromo thymol blue and bromo xylenol blue in the presence of quinoline, pyridine and 4-methyl pyridine in toluene solution. The sultone ring cleavage is a bimolecular reaction with the base resulting in a hydrogen-bridged molecular complex (A1) which equilibrates consecutively with the most stable rotamer of the ion pair (A3). The rate constants for the latter reaction are controlled essentially by conformational changes rather than by the proper proton transfer.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/prac.19843260608
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  • 39
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    Diels-Alder-Reaktionen. IX. Über Bildung und Thermolyse der isomeren Tricyclopentadiene (1984)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 326 (1984), S. 924-934 
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    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Diels-Alder-Reactions. IX. On the Formation and the Thermolysis of Isomeric TricyclopentadienesThe formation of isomeric tricyclopentadienes by codimerisation of cyclopentadiene with endo- and exo-dicyclopentadiene between 100 and 140°C in the liquid phase, and the retrodiene reaction of the main isomeres of the tricyclopentadiene fraction by gas phase thermolysis were studied kinetically between 230 and 310°C. The rate constants and the parameters of activation were determined.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/prac.19843260610
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    10β-Chlor-östra-1,4-diene als Zwischenprodukte bei der Einführung einer 9(11)-Doppelbindung in Östra-1,3,5(10)-triene (1984)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 326 (1984), S. 941-946 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: 10β;-Chloro-estra-1,4-dienes as Intermediates of the Introduction of a 9(11)-Double Bond in Estra-1,3,5(10)-trienesThe synthesis of 9(11)-didehydro-estra-1,3,5(10)-trienes 5 starting from estra-1,3,5(10)-trienes 1 is described. 1 can be transformed into the ketals 2 and 3 by means of isocyanuric acid chloride and an alcohol such as methanol or ethylene glycol in the absence of moisture.The ketals 2 and 3 are sensitive against hydrolysis and react in the presence of water and traces of acid under formation of chlorodienone 4. Dehydrochlorination of 2, 3 and 4 with potassium-tert.-butylate in dimethylsulfoxide gives the 9(11)-didehydro compounds 5. The reaction mechanism of the electrophilic addition of positive chlorine and alcohol to the aromatic A-ring of 1 is discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/prac.19843260612
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  • 41
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    Pyryliumverbindungen, XXV. Quantenchemische Berechnungen zur Valenzisomerisierung von 2-Amino-2H-pyran und -thiopyran (1984)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 326 (1984), S. 955-961 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Pyrylium Compounds. XXV. Quantum Chemical Calculations Concerning the Valence Isomerization of 2-Amino-2H-pyran and -thiopyranThe equilibrium 2-amino-2H-pyran 6 ⇌ 5-amino-2,4-dien-1-one 7 was investigated using the semi-empirical MINDO/3 and MNDO methods. In accordance with experimental findings for the substituted derivatives 1/2a-d, the introduction of a methyl group into the position 3 of 6 or the exchange of oxygen by sulfur shifts the equilibrium towards the cyclic structures 8 and 10, respectively. Polar solvents, the influence of which was estimated applying the reaction field approach as well as the solvaton theory, and entropy effects are calculated to favour the ring-open valence isomer 7. These results also correspond to experimental results.
    Additional Material: 3 Tab.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/prac.19843260614
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  • 42
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    Photokatalytische Systeme. LXIVLXIII. Mitt: H. Hennig, A. Rehorek, D. Rehorek u. Ph. Thomas, Inorg. Chim. Acta, 86 (1984) 41.. Theoretische Untersuchungen zum Ladungstransfer und zur Photoreaktivität von π-Akzeptorligandkomplexen mit d6-Übergangsmetallen (1984)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 326 (1984), S. 962-970 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Photocatalytical Systems. LXIV. Theoretical Investigations of the Charge Transfer and of the Photochemical Reactivity of d6 Transition Metal Complexes with π Acceptor LigandsQuantum chemical investigations concerning the charge transfer interactions between a d6 complex fragment and heterocyclic nitrogen ligands are reported. The influence of inductive, mesomeric and steric effects on the π acceptor ability of the isolated ligand and on the electronic structure of the pentacyano-ferrate(II) mixed ligand compounds has been investigated and possibilities to sensitize spectrally the Fe(CN)5L3- system (L= pyridine-type ligand) with regard to their photochemical reactivity are discussed.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/prac.19843260615
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  • 43
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    Untersuchungen zum photochemischen Ausbleichverhalten von tautomeriefähigen Azofarbstoffen. VIV. Mitt.: R. Haessner, H. Mustroph, J. Epperlein, J. prakt. Chem. 325 (1983) 943.. Zur photochemischen Oxydation von Phenylazo-acetylacetonen und Phenylazopyrazolonen durch SingulettsauerstoffHerrn Doz. Dr. K. Schiller zum 60. Geburtstag gewidmet (1984)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 326 (1984), S. 979-984 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Investigations of the Photo-Fading of Tautomeric Azo Dyes. VI. The Photochemical Oxidation by Singlet Oxygen of Phenylazoacetylacetones and PhenylazopyrazolonesThe dye-sensitized photo-oxidation by singlet oxygen of phenylazoacetylacetones (1) and Phenylazopyrazolones (2) has been investigated. The photo-fading of dyes is accelerated in the presence of Methylene Blue, a sensitizer of singlet oxygen, in airsatured methanolAn excellent relationship exists between the fading-rate of a series of dyes (1) and Hammett-σ-constants. An unexpected trend was found for photo-fading of a series of dyes (2). The Hammett plot consists of two parts, with a negative slope derived from electron-releasing substituents and a positive slope derived from electron-withdrawing substituents. The anomalous photo-fading is due to an attack of singlet oxygen on the more reactive anion of the phenylazopyrazolones in the case of electron-withdrawing substituents. In methanol containing acetic acid the dyes (2) exist only as the hydrazone tautomers. Under these conditions the fading-rate show a linear relationship with σ-constants.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/prac.19843260617
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  • 44
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    Synthesis and some reactions of 7-methyl-5-phenyl-5H-pyrazolo[3,4-e]-1,2,4-triazine-3-thiol (1984)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 326 (1984), S. 994-998 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 3 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/prac.19843260619
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  • 45
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    Structural elucidation of isomeric Oxazolidinones and Isoxazolidinones by 13C N. M. R. (1984)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 326 (1984), S. 1008-1010 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 2 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/prac.19843260622
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  • 46
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    Prostaglandine und Prostaglandinvorstufen. XI.X. Mitteilung siehe. Synthese optisch aktiver bicyclischer Lactone als Zwischenprodukte für 8-Methyl-prostaglandine (1984)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 326 (1984), S. 1016-1020 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Prostaglandins and Prostaglandin Intermediates. XI. Synthesis of Optically Active Bicyclic Lactones - Convenient Intermediates for 8-Methyl Prostaglandins
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/prac.19843260624
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  • 47
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    Chinazolincarbonsäuren. III. Chinazolin-4-on-3-benzoesäuren und -ester (1984)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 326 (1984), S. 1027-1033 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Quinazoline Carboxylic Acids. III. Quinazolin-4-on-3-benzoic Acids and Esters
    Additional Material: 2 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/prac.19843260627
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  • 48
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    Fluoreszenzverhalten von Polymethinfarbstoffen mit verbrückten Ketten (1984)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 326 (1984), S. 1034-1036 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Fluorescence Properties of Polymethine Dyes with Bridged Chains
    Additional Material: 1 Tab.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/prac.19843260628
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  • 49
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    Marshall, J. L.: Carbon-carbon and carbon-proton NMR couplings: Applications to organic stereochemistry and conformational analysis. 241 S., 12 Abb., 39 tab., format 16 × 24 cm, Deerfield Beach (Florida): Verlag Chemie International 1983. (methods in stereochemical analysis, Vol. 2) Pappeinband, 175,-DM (1984)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 326 (1984), S. 1039-1039 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/prac.19843260631
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  • 50
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    Masthead (1984)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 326 (1984) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/prac.19843260101
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  • 51
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    Komplexkatalyse. XV. Kationische η3-Allyl-bis(triorganylphosphit)nickel(II)-Komplexe als Katalysatoren für die stereoreguläre Butadienpolymerisation (1984)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 326 (1984), S. 1-11 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Complex Catalysis. XV. Cationic η3-Allyl-bis(triorganylphosphite)nickel(II) Complexes as Catalysts for the Stereoregular Butadiene PolymerisationSynthesis and catalytic properties of [C3H5NiL2]PF6 complexes 1a-f with L = tri-ethyl-, -isopropyl-, -phenyl-, -o-tolyl-, -thymyl- and o-biphenylylphosphite are described. It is shown how electronic and steric effects of the phosphite ligands in these complexes control their catalytic activity and selectivity in 1,4-polymerization of butadiene.
    Additional Material: 7 Tab.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/prac.19843260102
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  • 52
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    Mehrfunktionelle N-Tenside. VII. Substitution und Eliminierung bei der Reaktion von 1,2-Dihalogenalkanen mit Aminen (1984)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 326 (1984), S. 12-22 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Polyfunctionalized N-Tensides. VII. Substitution and Elimination in the Reaction of 1,2-Dihalogenoalkanes with Amines1, 2-Dichloroalkanes, 1, 2-dibromoalkanes and mixtures of 1-bromo-2-chloroalkanes and 1-chloro-2-bromoalkanes react with primary or secondary amines and give both elimination and substitution products, often in a nearly 1:1 proportion.The elimination products are the cis and trans-1-halo-1-alkenes, the 2-halo-1-alkenes, the 1,3-and 2, 4-dienes and the 1-alkenes. The main substitution products are the 1, 2-bis-aminoalkanes. Physical dates, 1H-n.m.r.-spectra, surface tension values and CMC-dates are given.
    Additional Material: 10 Tab.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/prac.19843260103
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  • 53
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    Kinetics of Dimerization of Amines by hydrogen peroxide in the presence of ferrous sulphate as catalyst (1984)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 326 (1984), S. 23-28 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Kinetik der Dimerisierung von Aminen durch Wasserstoffperoxid in Gegenwart von Fe(II)SO4 als KatalysatorDie Kinetik der Dimerisierung von Diethyl, n-Butyl- und tert.-Butylamin durch Wasserstoffperoxid in Gegenwart von Fe(II)-Ionen wurde untersucht. Die Reaktion ist bezüglich Fe(II)-Ionen und der Amine 1. Ordnung und 0. Ordnung betreffs Wasserstoffperoxid. Produkte der Dimerisierungsreaktionen sowie einige ihrer kristallinen Derivate wurden erhalten und identifiziert. Die Aktivierungsenergien für Diethyl-, n-Butyl- und tert.-Butylamin betragen 153, 130 bzw. 105 KJ mol-1. Ein Reaktionsmechanismus wurde aufgrund der experimentellen Beobachtungen vorgeschlagen.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/prac.19843260104
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  • 54
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    Konfigurationsbestimmung von Steroiden mit Primärer und sekundärer Aminogruppe durch Messung des Circulardichroismus der Kupfer-Succinimidat-Komplexe (1984)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 326 (1984), S. 29-34 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Configurational Assignment of Steroids with Primary and Secondary Amino Groups by CD Measurements of the Copper Succinimidate complexesThe CD spectra of the copper succinimidate complexes of 9 different steroids with a primary and 3 steroids with a secondary amino group were investigated. A good correlation between the sign of the Cotton effects in visible range and the chirality of the immediate neighbourhood of the nitrogen atom was observed. The results obey the earlier established octant rule for this chromophor.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/prac.19843260105
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    Thermitase - eine thermostabile Serinprotease. I. Synthese von Alaninpeptidestern als Substrate des Enzyms (1984)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 326 (1984), S. 35-40 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Thermitase - A Thermostable Serine Protease. I. Synthesis of Alanine Peptide Esters as Substrates of the EnzymeThe synthesis of N-acetylated and N-succinylated peptide esters of alanine is described. The peptides are built up from the Z-Abkürzung: Z = Benzyloxycarbonyl, Ac = Acetyl, Suc = Succinyl, OMe = Methylester, MA = Mischanhydridmethode, E = Ether, PE = Petrolether, Etac = Ethylacetat, AcOH = Essigsäure, Dibu = n-Dibutylether, DMSO = Dimethylsulfoxid, DMF = Dimethylformamid, TEA = Triethylamin, Ac2O = Essigsäureanhydrid protected peptides by liquid phase fragment condensation and by acylation of the deprotected peptide esters. The kinetic parameters K m and K cat of some compounds are presented.
    Additional Material: 2 Tab.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/prac.19843260106
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  • 56
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    Thermitase - eine thermostabile Serinprotease. II. Synthese von substratanalogen Peptidchlormethylketonen als potentielle irreversible Enzyminhibitoren (1984)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 326 (1984), S. 41-47 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Thermitase - A Thermostable Serine Protease. II. Synthesis of Substrate Analogous Peptide Chloromethyl Ketones as Irreversibly Acting InhibitorsThe preparation of dipeptide to pentapeptide chloromethyl ketones of alanine wth variation of the amino acid in the P1 and P2 positionNomenklatur für die individuellen Aminosäurereste der Peptide nach I. Schechter u. A. C. Berger, Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 27, 157 (1967). of the peptides is described. The synthesis is performed by fragment condensation of N-acylated amino acids or peptides with the unprotected chloromethyl ketone derivatives of amino acids and peptides, respectively. Some examples of enzyme inactivation by peptide chloromethyl ketones are discussed.
    Additional Material: 4 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/prac.19843260107
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  • 57
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    13C-NMR-Untersuchung der interannularen Konjugation in substituierten Pyrazolen (1984)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 326 (1984), S. 54-62 
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    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: 13C-N.M.R. Investigation of Interannular Conjugation in Substituted PyrazolesThe correlation of the 13C-chemical shifts with the Hammet values for substituted 3-anilino-1, 5-diphenylpyrazoles (1a-k) and substituted 3-methyl-1, 5-diphenylpyrazoles (2a-g) provides evidence for extensive interannular conjugation only between the N-benzene-and the pyrazole rings, whereas in the capto-dative disubstituted system 1 extensive conjugation through the whole molecule is possible. The chemical shifts correlate well with the HMO-calculated π-electron densities. From a comparison of the chemical shifts of unsubstituted 1 and diphenylamine it can be concluded that the 1,5 -diphenylpyrazol-3-yl group has the same electronic effect as the phenyl group.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/prac.19843260109
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    Thermitase - eine thermostabile Serinprotease. III. Synthese von N-Acyl-peptidmethylketonen als reversible Enzyminhibitoren (1984)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 326 (1984), S. 48-53 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Thermitase - A Thermostable Serine Protease. III. Synthesis of N-Acylated Peptide Methyl Ketones as Inhibitors Reversibly Bound to the EnzymeMethyl ketone derivatives of dipeptides to pentapeptides are used as suitable tools in the investigation of the non-covalent binding for subsite mapping of the active site of the enzyme. The synthesis is mainly performed by fragment condensation of N-acylated peptides or amino acids with methyl ketone derivatives of amino acids. These are prepared from the Z-protectedAbkürzungen: Ac = Acetyl, Z = Benzyloxycarbonyl, Boc = t-Butyloxycarbonyl, Suc = Succinyl, Glp = Pyroglutamyl, OBz = Benzylester, pNA = p-Nitranilid, CH3 = Methylketon, CH2Cl = Chlormethylketon, MA = Mischanhydridmethode, TEA = Triethylamin, NEM = N-Ethylmorpholin, CKEE = Chlorkohlensäureethylester, CKBE = Chlorkohlensäurebutylester, MeOH = Methanol, EtOH = Ethanol, AcOH = Essigsäure, Ac2O = Acetanhydrid, Etac = Ethylacetat, THF = Tetrahydrofuran, E = Ether, PE = Petrolether, DMF = Dimethylformamid, DMSO = Dimethylsulfoxid, DMAP = 4-(Dimethylamino)-pyridin cloromethyl ketones by catalytic hydrogenation. For the coupling steps the Z-protection is preferred. The peptide methyl ketones used in kinetic studies were N-protected by the Z, acetyl, Boc or pyroglutamyl residue.
    Additional Material: 3 Tab.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/prac.19843260108
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    The Autoxidation of 1-Phenylalk-1-ynes. Proof of oxirenes as intermediates in the oxidation of acetylenes (1984)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 326 (1984), S. 73-80 
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    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: In the autoxidations of 1-phenylprop-1-yne, 1-phenylbut-1-yne, and 1-phenyl-3-methylbut-1-yne a considerable attack at the C≡C triple bond takes place. Both products of the oxidative cleavage of the C≡C bond and products formed through the corresponding oxirenes were detected. The oxirenes rearrange via the isomeric ketocarbenes to ketenes, which yield the corresponding carboxylic acids or their esters. A part of the intermediate ketenes is oxidized with decarboxylation to lower ketones. All products were identified and quantitatively determined after LiAlH4 reduction to the corresponding alcohols.
    Additional Material: 8 Tab.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/prac.19843260111
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    Zum Einfluß von Lösungsmitteln auf das VIS-Spektralverhalten von 4′-Dialkylamino-α-cyano-stilben-4-diazoniumsalzen (1984)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 326 (1984), S. 63-72 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Solvatochromism of 4′-Dialkylamino-α-Cyano-Stilbene-4-Diazonium-Salts4′-Dialkylamino-stilbene-4-diazonium-salts are deep coloured compounds and give strong solvatochromism. 4′-Diethylamino-α-cyano-stilbene-4-diazonium-tetrafluoroborate was investigated in 52 different solvents and 3 binary solvent mixtures. With increasing solvent basicity the longest wave lenght absorption maximum (\documentclass{article}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$ \nu^{\hspace{-5pt}\sim}_{\rm max} $\end{document}) decrease. Complex formation by crown ethers causes a decrease of \documentclass{article}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$ \nu^{\hspace{-5pt}\sim}_{\rm max}$\end{document}, too. In solvents with dielectricity constants higher than about 15 dissociation effects superpose solvatochromism. The summary of experimental dates support the approach of specific nucleophilic solvatation of diazonium ions.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/prac.19843260110
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    Ionisation und Dissoziation von Triphenylmethylhalogeniden in Methylenchlorid (1984)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 326 (1984), S. 81-86 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Ionization and Dissociation of Triphenylmethyl Halides in MethylendichlorideThe Winstein scheme is valid for triphenylmethyl halides in methylendichloride. The equilibrium of ionization and dissociaton has been determined by investigation of the ratio between the sum of concentrations of ionic species and the covalent form. Tritylbromide in methylendichloride shows an exothermic ionization but endothermic dissociation. In the case of tritylchloride ionization and dissociation are nearly independent on the temperature.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/prac.19843260112
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    Zur Beeinflussung des Ionisations-Dissoziationsgleichgewichtes von Tritylhalogenidlösungen in Methylenchlorid bei Zugabe von Styren (1984)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 326 (1984), S. 87-91 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Influence of Styren Addition on the Ionization-Dissociation Equilibrium of Trityl Halides in Methylene DichlorideThe ionization-dissociation equilibrium in solutions of trityl halides in methylene dichloride is effected by the addition of π-donors as a function of the temperature. The intensity of the trityl absorption of trityl fluoride and trityl chloride is decreased as it can be shown by u.v.-spectroscopy. The trityl absorption of trityl bromide solutions in methylene dichloride is very sensitive towards temperature changes. Measurements of the equilibrium constants for the ionization - dissociation-equilibrium, when styrene is added to the solution, indicate a specific solvation effect by the styrene molecules, however, a stabilization of ion pairs by specific solvation due to styrene molecules does not occur.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/prac.19843260113
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    Eine neue Synthese für 6H-1,3-Thiazine (1984)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 326 (1984), S. 101-110 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A New Synthesis of 6H-1,3-ThiazinesA new method for the synthesis of 1,3-thiazines is described. The addition of nucleophiles to γ-isothiocyanatoallylchlorides (1a-j) leads to functionalisation and subsequent cyclisation (nucleophilic cyclofunctionalisation). Reaction of secondary amines or alcohols under catalysis by tert. amines gives numerous 2-dialkylamino- (3a-w) or 2-alkoxy-6H-1,3-thiazines (4a-p).
    Additional Material: 4 Tab.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/prac.19843260115
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    Photoinduzierte Elektronentransfer-Reaktionen von Komplexen der Arendiazoniumsalze mit KronenethernVortrag auf der Hauptjahrestagung der Chemischen Gesellschaft der DDR 1980 in Karl-Marx-Stadt. (1984)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 326 (1984), S. 92-100 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Photoinduced Electron Transfer-Reactions of Arenediazonium Ions Complexed with Crown EthersThe photolysis (full light of a medium pressure Hg-lamp) of p-methylbenzenediazonium-tetrafluoroborate in the presence of the crown ether 18-crown-6 (1) yields mainly the products of a heterolytic dediazoniation via arene cations as intermediates. The quantum yield ϕges of the photolysis from p-methoxybenzenediazonium-tetrafluoroborat in CH2Cl2 decreases in the presence of 18- crowns-6 (1) from 0.66 to 0.08. In contrast to 1, the photolysis of arenediazonium salts in the presence of dibenzo-18-crown-6 (3) yields mainly the products of a homolytic dediazoniation as a consequence of an electron transfer from 3 to the diazonium ion. ϕges of this reaction increases with decreasing wavelength of the exciting light from 0.09 (436 nm) to 0.32 (366 nm). this wavelength dependence is explained by formation of a correlated radical pair after excitation. In agreement with this situation a photo-CIDNP-effect is observed in the 15N-n.m.r.-spectra of isotopically labeled arenediazonium salts complexed by 3 and benzo-18-crown-6(2). No photo-CIDNP-effect is observed in the presence of 1. This different behaviour of the EDA-complexes formed by arenediazonium salts with the two different groups of crown ethers 1 and 2, 3 is discussed as a control of the electron transfer-reaction by the structure of the frontier orbitals.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/prac.19843260114
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    Dicyclopentadienoxidation. IV. Oxidation von 4,5- und 8,9-Dihydro-dicyclopentadien (1984)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 326 (1984), S. 121-128 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Dicyclopentadiene Oxidation. IV. Oxidation of 4,5- and 8,9-Dihydro-dicyclopentadieneA mixture of exo- and endo-4,5-dihydro-dicyclopentadiene 5 and also pure endo-8,9-dihydro-dicyclopentadiene 7 and pure exo-dicyclopentadiene 10 was oxidized in the absence and in the presence of catalysts. The compounds containing the norbornene structure mainly gave the corresponding exo-epoxides. No catalytic effects were observed in the formation of these nor-bornene epoxides. Compound 7 containing only the cyclopentene structure mainly yielded the corresponding hydroperoxide 9. In this case a catalytic effect of epoxidation catalysts was observed: in the presence of such catalysts the epoxide was increased.The results obtained prove the mechanism of dicyclopentadiene oxidation proposed by us.
    Additional Material: 4 Tab.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/prac.19843260117
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    Acylierung von Heterocyclen mit Kohlensäurederivaten. IV. Umsetzung von Benzoxazolin 2-thion mit Arylcyanaten. Kinetik und Mechanismus (1984)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 326 (1984), S. 129-138 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Acylation of Heterocycles with Carbonic Acid Derivatives. IV. Reaction of Benzoxazolin-2-thione with Aryl Cyanates. Kinetics and MechanismThe arylcyanate benzoxazoline-2-thione (1) reaction in the presence and absence of the tertiary amines yields 1-aryloxyiminocarbonylbenzoxazoline-2-thione (2) and 2-thiocyanatobenzoxazole (4). A mechanism is proposed based on the influences of the reactants concentration, the concentration and basicity of tertiary amines, the solvent-water concentration, the arylcyanate substituents electronic effects on the reaction rate and the apparent activation parameters. This mechanism consists in the nucleophilic attack of the benzoxazoline-2-thione S-atom on the cyanate, followed by rearrangement through a four-center transition state.
    Additional Material: 8 Tab.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/prac.19843260118
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    INDO-Berechnung der 15N-13C-Kopplungskonstanten von einfachen Cyaninen und Merocyaninen (1984)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 326 (1984), S. 145-147 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: INDO Calculation of 15N-13C Coupling Constants in Simple Cyanines and Merocyanines
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/prac.19843260120
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    Quantenchemische Berechnungen an Radikalen vom Allyltyp: Cycloalkenyl- und Cycloalk-1-enylmethylradikale (1984)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 326 (1984), S. 139-144 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Quantum-Chemical Calculations on Allyl-Type Radicals: Cycloalkenyl- and Cycloalk-1-enylmethyl RadicalsThe ability of the MINDO/3-HE-method for predicting various molecular properties was tested for cycloalkenyl- (1 to 4), cycloalk-1-enylmethyl-(5 to 8), and for the resonance-stabilized cyclic radicals (9 to 12). Close by it was established that the calculated heats of formation are largely correct. The electronic distribution in the allylic part of 1 to 12 is evidently too levelled.Based on the defination of allyl resonance energy (ARE - SZWARC (1948)) a mean value for the ARE of 1 to 8 is derived to 55 ± 12 kJ · mol-1.
    Additional Material: 3 Tab.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/prac.19843260119
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    13C-kernmagnetische Resonanzspektren der PhenylfulgideXI. Mitt. zur Photochemie der Fulgide; X. Mitt. s. [1]. (1984)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 326 (1984), S. 222-232 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Carbon-13 Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectra of PhenylfulgidesThe carbon-13 chemical shifts are determined in a series of phenylfulgides in order to investigate steric and electronic influences of substituents. By means of the shift differences between suitably substituted compounds results can be obtained as to the relative variation of the rotation angles of the phenyl rings as well as to te angle alterations between the exocyclic double bonds and the anhydride ring. Introducing 4-CH3O- and 4-NO2-groups at the phenyl rings the substituent induced alterations of the carbon-13 chemical shifts and the π-polarization effects related with it are discussed.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/prac.19843260206
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    Elektronische und sterische Substituenteneinflüsse auf die UV/VIS-Absorptionsspektren der PhenylfulgidisomerenXII. Mitt. zur Photochemie der Fulgide, XI. Mitt. s. [1] (1984)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 326 (1984), S. 233-247 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Electronic and Steric Substituent Influences on the U.V./VIS-Absorption Spectra of Phenylfulgide IsomersThe u.v./vis spectral data of a large number of phenylfulgides (E-, Z-, E-E-, E-Z-, Z-E-, Z-Z-isomers, 1.8a-dihydronaphthalenes) are presented. An increase of the number of phenyl rings as well as substitution of the phenyl rings cause correlatable bathochromic spectral shifts. Steric influences became obvious by introducing methyl groups, by coplanarization of phenyl groups and in the series of isomers. By means of PPP calculations shifts in position and/or intensity of absorption bands are ascribed to the substituent effects.The calculated band polarization of E(E-E)-isomers are in agreement with the results of polarization spectra in oriented liquid crystal mesophases. The polarization spectra allow the assignment of the longwave absorption band to the S2 ← S0 and S1 ← S0 electronic transitions for E-E-Isomers with a C2v-symmetry.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/prac.19843260207
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    Activated nitriles in heterocyclic synthesis: Novel Synthesis of Pyrimidine and of Pyridine Derivatives (1984)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 326 (1984), S. 248-252 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: α-Cyanochalcone reacted with thiourea and guanidine to yield the corresponding pyrimidine derivatives 2 and 4. On the other hand, urea reacted with the same reagent under the same experimental conditions to yield the known urea derivatives 3. A new synthesis of polyfunction pyridine via reaction of 1a with malononitrile in presence of aniline could be developed. Similar to the behaviour of 1a, Compounds 1b, c reacted with malononitrile in presence of aniline to yield compounds 8 and 9. In contrast to the behaviour of compounds 1a-c, 1d reacted with malononitrile to yield the malononitrile derivatives 10 or 11 based on the reaction conditions. Mechanisms to account for formation of the reaction products were suggested.
    Additional Material: 2 Tab.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/prac.19843260208
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    Gibberelline. CIII. Synthese von 8-Amino-gibbanen (1984)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 326 (1984), S. 253-258 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Gibberellins. CIII. Synthesis of 8-Amino-gibbanesFor investigations of the structure-activity relationships of gibberellin phytohormones the synthesis of 8-amino-gibbanes is described. The reaction pathway involves condensation of gibberellin C (1a) and its methylester 1b with primary amines to the corresponding azomethins 1c-11 followed by stereoselective NaBH4-reduction to 8α-amino gibbanes 2a-2r.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/prac.19843260209
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    Untersuchungen zum UV/Vis-Spektralverhalten von Azofarbstoffen. XI.X. Mitt. s. H. MUSTROPH u. J. EPPERLEIN, Z. Chem. 23 (1983) 298. Allgemeine Zusammenhänge zwischen Struktur und Farbe protonierter Azofarbstoffe (1984)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 326 (1984), S. 259-265 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Studies on U.V./Vis Absorption Spectra of Azo Dyes. XI. General Relationships between Structure and Colour of Protonated Azo DyesThe U.V.-VIS spectra of a wide range of azo dyes having structural variations in both diazo and coupling components in acidic solution are discussed.The azonium cation can be regarded as a donor-acceptor chromophore. Thus, structural variations which give a bathochromic shift in λmax, are explained. The negative halochromism is also discussed with reference to this model.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/prac.19843260210
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    Pyryliumverbindungen. XXI. Struktur und Tautomerie von Pseudobasen unsymmetrisch substituierter 2,4,6-Triarylpyryliumsalze (1984)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 326 (1984), S. 287-302 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Pyrylium Compounds. XXI. Structure and Tautomerism of Pseudobases of Unsymmetrically Substituted 2,4,6-Triarylpyrylium SaltsHydrolytic ring opening of unsymmetrically substituted 2,4,6-triarylpyrylium salts 11 results in a mixture of two tautomeric pseudobases, the penten-1,5-diones 13 and 14. In crystalline state as a rule one of these tautomers markedly predominates, whereas in solution a rapid equilibrium establishment occurs which can be followed by 1H-n.m.r. and u.v. spectroscopy (equilibrium ratio nearly 1:1). The 1H-n.m.r. spectroscopic structural assignment of the two isomeric forms was supported by u.v. spectroscopic studies using 1:1 mixtures of the chromophoric partial systems ArCOCH=CHPh and ArCOMe or the pseudobases 10 of symmetrically substituted 2,4,6-triarylpyrylium salts 9 as reference systems. From the mass spectra of the pseudobases 10 and 13/14 follows that - if hydrolysis of 11 is performed in media containing H218O - mass spectrometric isotopic analysis of the resulting 18O-labelled pseudobases allows no information to be made about the regioselectivity of the ring opening. - Novel starting pyrylium salts of type 9 and 11 are characterized by u.v./vis data and by transformation into the corresponding pyridine derivatives.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/prac.19843260214
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    2, 2-Disubstituierte Cyclopentan-1, 3-dione. IV3. Mitteilung siehe [1]. Gleichzeitig 12. Mitteilung der Reihe „Prostaglandine und Prostaglandinvorstufen“. 11. Mitteilung siehe [2]. Der Inhalt dieser Arbeit ist z.T. Gegenstand des DDR-Wirtschaftspatentes 134 761 vom 30. 01. 1978 [3].. Synthese prochiraler Zwischenprodukte für 8-Methyl-prostaglandin C2 durch C-Alkylierung von 2-Methylcyclopentan-1,3-dion mit 1-Brom-alk-2-inen (1984)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 326 (1984), S. 426-432 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: 2, 2-Disubstituted Cyclopentane-1, 3-diones. IV. Synthesis of Prochiral Intermediates for the Synthesis of 8-Methyl-prostaglandin C2 by Alkylation of 2-Methyl-cyclopentane-1, 3-dione with 1-Bromo-alk-2-ynes.2-Methyl-cyclopentane-1, 3-dione (1) is preferentially C-alkylated by 1-bromo-alk-2-ynes in aqueous sodium hydroxide solution. By this method it is possible to prepare 2,2-disubstituted-1, 3-diones (3-8), which can be converted into prochiral intermediates for 8-methyl-PGC2, containing the complete carboxylic side chain.
    Additional Material: 2 Tab.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/prac.19843260311
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    Synthese und Eigenschaften kristallin-flüssiger Derivate des Rhodanins (1984)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 326 (1984), S. 457-466 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Synthesis and Properties of Liquid Crystalline Derivatives of RhodanineSubstituted benzylidene-rhodanines 3-8 were prepared both by condensation of 1 a-f with suitable aldehydes and by acylation of 2a-g with substituted benzoyl chlorides or cinnamoyl chlorid. The mesomorphic properties of the compounds are discussed in respect to molecular structure with the aid of i.r.-, Raman- and u.v./vis-spectra of 3d, 3k, 4, 5, 6g, 8a. We have investigated the dielectric and electrooptic behaviour of 31.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/prac.19843260314
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    13C-Spin-Echo J-Modulation experiments and long-range coupling (1984)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 326 (1984), S. 515-518 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/prac.19843260322
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    Zwei modifizierte Pulssequenzen zur 13C-NMR-spektroskopischen Charakterisierung von CHn-Baugruppen Ein rationelles Verfahren zur Bestimmung von n und zur Abschätzung von 1J(13C—1H) (1984)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 326 (1984), S. 524-528 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Two Modified Pulse Sequences for the 13C NMR Spectroscopic Characterization of CHn Building Groups. An Effective Method for the Determination of n and for the Estimation of 1J(13C—1H)
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/prac.19843260324
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    Kationische Photopolymerisation von Isobutylglycidether mit Benzoinderivat/Aryloniumsalz- bzw. Benzildimethylketal/Aryloniumsalz-InitiatorsystemenLichtinitiierte Polymer- und Polymerisationsreaktionen 17. Mitt.; 16. Mitt.: siehe [26]Herrn Prof. Dr. J. Ulbricht zum 60. Geburtstag gewidmet (1984)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 326 (1984), S. 529-536 
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    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Cationic Photopolymerization of Isobutylglycidyl Ether with Benzoine Derivatives/Arylonium Salts- or Benzildimethyl Ketal/Arylonium Salts-Initiator SystemsRadicals produced by photolysis of benzoine derivatives and benzile dimethylketale decompose arene diazonium salts (ArN2⊕), diphenyliodonium salts (Ph2I⊕) and triphenylsulfonium salts (Ph3S⊕), respectively. The carbenium ions or protons formed in this way can be used for the cationic polymerization of isobutylglycidyl ether (IBGE). The efficiency of this polymerization depends on the quantum yields of the onium salts decomposition. A reactivity ArN2⊕ 〉 Ph2I⊕ 〉 Ph3S⊕ was found. In the case of ArN2⊕ the salt decomposition is caused by electron transfer between the photolytically produced substituted benzylic radicals and the diazonium ions. It is assumed that by the decomposition of Ph2I⊕ and Ph3S⊕ intermediates occur, which give rise to some reversible reactions. Therefore, the quantum yields of onium salt decomposition are less than those of initiator photolysis. The rate of cationic polymerization of IBGE is also influenced by the anion of onium compounds. A sequence PF6⊖ 〉SbF6⊖ 〉BF4⊖ was found.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/prac.19843260402
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    Komplikationen bei der Initiierung kationischer Polymerisationen mit Lewis-Säuren - Modellrechnungen an Antimon-(V)-halogenidenHerrn Prof. Dr. J. Ulbricht zum 60. Geburtstag gewidmet (1984)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 326 (1984), S. 537-544 
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    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Complications in the Initiation of Cationic Polymerizations by Lewis Acids - Model Calculations for Antimony(V)halogenidsQuantum-chemical CNDO/2-calculations including geometry-optimization show that complex anions (X5Sb-Z-SbY5)⊖ are formed as a result of interaction between Lewis acids SbX5 and anions SbY5Z⊖ (X, Y, Z = F, Cl, Br). This interaction is very strong in the case of X, Z = F and Y = Br. When the complex anions decompose the simple anions with the greatest number of fluorine ligands are formed.The interaction between the two different Lewis acids SbX5 and SbY5 yields a random distribution of the ligands of both acids.During formation of the ions SbX4⊕ and SbXY5⊖ the anion with the greatest number of fluorine ligands is formed.The probability of the conversion Sb(V)-Sb(III) is higher for SbCl5 than for SbCl6⊖.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/prac.19843260403
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  • 81
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    Studies on the autoxidation of nonbranched aliphatic monocarboxylic acids and their methyl estersHerrn Prof. Dr. J. Ulbricht zum 60. Geburtstag gewidmet (1984)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 326 (1984), S. 572-578 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Valeric, caproic, and heptanoic acid and their methyl esters were oxidized at 140°C by molecular oxygen. The oxidation mixtures were reduced by LiAlH4 and the mono- and dihydroxy compounds formed were analyzed gaschromatographically. From the results obtained one can conclude that nonbranched aliphatic acids and their methyl esters are attacked by the chain-carrying peroxy radicals at the different C—H bonds with almost the same regioselectivity as normal paraffins Only the ß- and to a smaller extent the α-positions are desactivated by the neighbouring carboxylic group.
    Additional Material: 9 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/prac.19843260407
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  • 82
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    Radikalabfang. I. ESR-spektroskopische Untersuchungen von Radikalreaktionen einiger 3-Nitrono-6-oxo-cyclohexadieneHerrn Prof. Dr. J. Ulbricht zum 60. Geburtstag gewidmet (1984)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 326 (1984), S. 588-593 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Spin Trapping. I. Investigation of Radical Reactions of Some 3-Nitrono-6-oxocyclohexadienes by ESR-SpectroscopyThe title compounds (3, 4 and 5) add O- and C-centered radicals to the nitrono group to yield spin adducts containing a 4-oxo-cyclohexadienyl group in the α-position (6, 7 and 8). These new nitroxylradicals undergo α- and ß-scission. The nitroxyl radicals and the paramagnetic decomposition products were detected by esr-spectroscopy.Further, a more general way of radical-induced decomposition was discussed.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/prac.19843260409
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  • 83
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    Reaktionen von 2-Cyan-3-methoxy-maleinimid mit methylenaktiven Verbindungen und Enaminen (1984)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 326 (1984), S. 594-598 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Reactions of 2-Cyano-3-methoxy-maleinimide with Methylene Active Compounds and EnaminesThe vinylogous ester 1 gives with methylenactive compounds 2 carbamoylmaleinimides 3, which cyclize to pyridonimides 4. Reactions of 1 with enamines form cyanomaleinimides 6-8 and aminopyridines 11.
    Additional Material: 1 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/prac.19843260410
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  • 84
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    Synthese und Reaktionsverhalten von N-(3-Chlorbenzo[b]-thiophen-2-carbonyl)imino-Dithiokohlensäure-Derivaten (1984)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 326 (1984), S. 633-637 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Synthesis and Reaction Behaviour of N-(3-Chlorobenzo[b]thiophene-2-carbonyl)-imino-dithiocarbonic Derivatives3-Chlorobenzo[b]thiophene-2-carbonyl-chloride 1 was treated with potassium rhodanide to afford the appropriate acyl isothiocyanate 3, which adds nucleophilic agents as amines and thioles in good yields.Addition of methanethiole and subsequent alkylation of the dithiocarbamate 7 gives S, S-dimethylimino-dithiocarbonate 8. 3-Chlorobenzo[b]thiophene-2-carboxamide 2 reacts with carbon disulphide and phenyl isothiocyanate by chlorine substitution and cyclisation to benzo[b]thieno[2, 3-e]thiazines 9, 10 or 11. The structure of the final products were determined by analytical and spectroscopical dates.
    Additional Material: 1 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/prac.19843260416
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  • 85
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    Synthese phosphorylierter Harnstoffe und Urethane mit Phosphosäure-phenylester - diamid- StrukturgliedernHerrn Prof. Dr. J. Ulbricht zum 60. Geburtstag (1984)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 326 (1984), S. 679-682 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Synthesis of Phosphorylated Ureas and Uretthanes with Phosphoric Acid Phenylester Diamide Structural Units
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/prac.19843260423
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  • 86
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    Mannich Reaction with 5-Phenylcyclohexan-1,3-dione (1984)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 326 (1984), S. 683-685 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/prac.19843260425
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  • 87
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    Elucidation of two Main Autoxidation Products of β-Ionone (1984)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 326 (1984), S. 686-688 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 1 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/prac.19843260426
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  • 88
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    Spectral and thermodynamic studies on Pr(III), Nd(III) and Sm(III) Chelates of 2-(N-2-hydroxybenzylideneimino) ethane sulphonic acid and 3-(alpha-2-oxopentylideneimino) propanoic acid schiff bases (1984)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 326 (1984), S. 689-694 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/prac.19843260427
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  • 89
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    The Reaction of Malononitrile with Enamines of some cyclic β-Keto acid anilides and amidines (1984)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 326 (1984), S. 721-728 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The reaction of enamines 1 derivatives of cyclohexanon- or cycloheptanon-2-carboxylic acid anilides with malononitrile gave in the first step 2-phenylcarbamoyl-cycloalkylideno-malononitriles 3, which in turn were converted into 1-oxo-2-phenyl-3-amino-4-cyano-cycloalkenoisoquinolines 4. Enamines containing an adjacent diphenylamidino group 6 reacted with malononitrile giving 1-phenylimino-2-phenyl-3-amino-4-cyano-cycloalkenoisoquinolines 7. The alkaline hydrolysis of 7 yielded 1-phenylamino-3-oxo-4-cyano-cycloalkenoisoquinoline 8.
    Additional Material: 2 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/prac.19843260503
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  • 90
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    Zur palladiumkatalysierten Isoprentelomerisierung in alkoholischen Medien und deren FolgereaktionenIV. Mitt. zur übergangsmetallkatalysierten Isoprenoligomerisierung, III. Mitt. s. [20]Herrn Prof. Dr. J. Ulbricht zum 60. Geburtstag gewidmet (1984)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 326 (1984), S. 729-736 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Palladium-Catalyzed Telomerization of Isoprene in Alcoholic Mediums and its Consecutive ReactionsThe telomerization of isoprene with methanol to give dimethyloctadienylmethylethers by palladium-containing homogenous catalysts was investigated. It was found that the primary products of the catalysis undergo different consecutive reactions catalysed by the same catalytic systems. These reactions, i.e. isomerization, ether cleavage, interchange reaction and oligomerization were investigated in greater detail. A reaction scheme is developed and discussed.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/prac.19843260504
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  • 91
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    Desaktivierungsverhalten von Arenen und Heteroarenen. XL. Mechanismus der reversiblen intramolekularen [π4s + π4s]-Photocycloaddition von α, ω-Bis-(9-acridiziniumyl)-alkanen (1984)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 326 (1984), S. 747-756 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Deactivation Behaviour of Arenes and Heteroarenes. XL. The Mechanism of the Reversible Intramolecular [π4s + π4s]-Photocycloaddition Reaction of α,ω-Bis-(9-acridiziniumyl)-alkanes.On electronic excitation the bichromophores deactivate by fluorescence and radiationless photophysical processes from its local excited state. Simultaneously, intramolecular interaction occurs between the excited chromophor and that in the ground state (i.e. by reversible energy migration or intramolecular excimer formation). The excimer rapidly collapses to the cyclomer assuming a common pericyclic transition state for the reversible photocycloaddition. In the pericyclic state the reaction is split into cyclomer formation or backformation of bichromophores in the ground state, respectively. This mechanism of the reversible intramolecular [π4s + π4s]- photo-cycloaddition reaction is discussed on the basis of a potential correlation diagram.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/prac.19843260506
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  • 92
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    Vereinfachte synthetische Wege zum Cyclol-System von Mutterkorn-Peptidalkaloiden (1984)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 326 (1984), S. 765-778 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Improved synthetic pathways to the cyclol system of ergot peptide alkaloids.As demonstrated in the case of N-tert. butyloxycarbonylhydroxyglycine, N-protected 2-hydroxy-2-amino acids can be directly condensed with dipeptide esters to afford tripeptide derivatives, which are activated C-terminally and transferred into the epimers (8) and (9) of the corresponding oxacyclols. These are separated in the usual manner into the aci and the naturally occuring configuration 2R:5S:10aS:10bS. Alternatively, the epimeric cyclols may be obtained by acylation of dipeptide lactams with 2-tert. butyloxycarbonylamino-2-benzyloxy-carboxylic acids, followed by hydrogenolytic debenzylation and cyclisation of the OH-deprotected acyl lactam.
    Additional Material: 2 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/prac.19843260508
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  • 93
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    Synthesis of Gonadoliberin, a gonadotropin releasing hormone (1984)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 326 (1984), S. 791-798 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A simple laboratory synthesis of gonadoliberin was elaborated basing on classical solution methods and using minimal protection of side-chain functions. In the final step a hexapeptide segment was condensed with the corresponding tetrapeptide and the obtained product was purified by a single step silica gel chromatography. The total efficiency of the whole synthesis was 15%.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/prac.19843260510
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  • 94
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    Action of grignard reagents on 6-(α-styryl)pyridazin-3(2H)-ones; synthesis of some 4-Substituted 6-(α-Styryl)-pyridazin-3(2H)-ones (1984)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 326 (1984), S. 799-803 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: 6(α-Styryl)pyridazin-3(2H)-ones (1a-e) reacted with phenylmagnesium bromide and/or methylmagnesium iodide to give the 1,4-addition products, 4-phenyl and/or 4-methyl-6-(α-styryl)pyridazin-3(2H)-ones (3a-e). The structures assigned to the products are established by electronic and infrared spectroscopy and by synthesis of authentic samples in most cases.
    Additional Material: 1 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/prac.19843260511
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  • 95
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    Preparation and Characterization of Boronic Ester Complexes of o- Mercapto-azomethines (1984)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 326 (1984), S. 817-822 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 2 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/prac.19843260514
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  • 96
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    2-Arylamino-thiophen-3-carbonsäurederivate (1984)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 326 (1984), S. 917-923 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: 2-Arylamino-thiophene-3-carboxylic Acid DerivativesThe title compounds 3 are synthesized by reaction of 2-amino-thiophene-3-carboxylic acid derivatives 1 with anilines. The nucleophilic 5-position in 3 allowed the synthesis of 5-aryliden-Δ3-thiolen-2-one-imines 5, 6 and the oxidative coupling to yield the azo compound 7. 1-Aryl-thieno-[2,3-d]pyrimid-4-ones 9, the thieno[2,3-b]chinolin-4-one 10 and the 4-chloro thieno[2,3-b]chinolines 10, 11 can be obtained from 3.
    Additional Material: 2 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/prac.19843260609
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  • 97
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    Spin-Trapping von Radikalen bei der Zersetzung aromatischer Diazoniumsalze mittels Ultraschall (1984)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 326 (1984), S. 935-940 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Spin Trapping of Radicals Formed during the Decomposition of Aromatic Diazonium Salts by UltrasoundThe decomposition of aromatic diazonium compounds ArN2⊕X⊖ (Ar = phenyl, 2,5-diethoxy-4-(N-morpholino)phenyl; X = BF4, PF6, B(C6H5)4, SCN, OCN,N3; 1a, 1c-f, 2b-f) by ultrasonic waves has been studied by e.s.r. The spin trapping technique has been shown to be a suitable method for the detection of free radical intermediates.
    Additional Material: 1 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/prac.19843260611
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  • 98
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    Palladium-katalysierte Addition von Methanol an IsoprenV. Mitt. zur übergangsmetallkatalysierten Isoprenoligomerisierung, IV. Mitt. s. J. prakt. Chem. 326 (1984) 729 (1984)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 326 (1984), S. 947-954 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Palladium-Catalyzed Addition of Methanol to IsopreneThe soluble systems containing palladium(II)-compounds and tri-n-butylphosphine as a ligand catalyze the addition of methanol to isoprene to give methoxyisopentenes in goodyields. Activity and selectivity of the reaction are dependent on the ligand, the ratio ligand to palladium and in a surprising manner on the concentration of methanol.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/prac.19843260613
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  • 99
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    Reaktionen einer technischen Butenfraktion mit Trichloracetaldehyd (1984)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 326 (1984), S. 971-978 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Reactions of a Technical Fraction of Butene with TrichloroacetaldehydeIn pyrolysis plants for gasoline production a C4-fraction is formed containing isobutene, but-1-ene and but-2-ene as main products. The reactive separation of this fraction represents an industrial problem. One way to solve this problem is the reaction of trichloroacetaldehyde with these components to form addition products. The favoured reaction is the formation of 1,1,1-trichloro-4-methyl-pent-4-en-2-ol (1) and 1,1,1-trichloro-4-methyl-pent-3-en-2-ol (2) from iso-butene. The other isomers react very slowly. The influence of different reaction parameters was investigated to find a method for a reactive separation of the C4-fraction.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/prac.19843260616
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  • 100
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    Präparative Elektrooxydation des n-Propanols (1984)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 326 (1984), S. 999-1002 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Preparative Electrolytic Oxidation of n-Propyl Alcohol
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/prac.19843260620
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