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  • 1965-1969  (2,058)
  • 1890-1899  (195)
  • 1800-1809
  • Cell & Developmental Biology  (2,221)
  • Electron Microscopy  (32)
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Material
Years
Year
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  • 101
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Studies on binding of RNA polymerase to DNA (1969)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Cellular Physiology 74 (1969), S. 219-222 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-9541
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: These studies have been conducted as a first step toward investigating the molecular mechanism by which DNA-dependent RNA polymerase recognizes a specific region of DNA. The DNA moieties are either bound to or freed from RNA polymerase. Results obtained so far indicate that the DNA moieties remaining as resistant segments after deoxyribonuclease digestion should be regarded as the binding regions on DNA. The results described here were carried out by use of E. coli and lambda DNA.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jcp.1040740422
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  • 102
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Purification and ultrastructural properties of the calcium accumulating membranes in isolated sarcoplasmic reticulum preparations from skeletal muscle (1969)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Cellular Physiology 74 (1969), S. 37-49 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-9541
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Sarcoplasmic reticulum fragments, prepared from skeletal muscle homogenates, were found to consist of two major types when examined after negative staining. One type possessed 90 Å subunits and was thought to be of mitochondrial origin. The other had 35 Å subunits and ws presumably derived from the sarcoplasmic reticulum. Only the latter type accumulated visible calcium oxalate deposits inside the vesicle when they were exposed to a medium containing ATP, MgCl2, K2C2O4 and CaCl2. The calcium oxalate loaded vesicles were strikingly angular in shape and did not have tails. The calcium oxalate loaded vesicles had identical membrane subunit arrangement to inactive companion membranes and nonincubated controls; this suggested that the membrane subunits were not the critical structural requirement for calcium transport. A method was described whereby the calcium accumulating membranes could be purified 3- to 4-fold on the basis of the best previously used preparation procedures.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jcp.1040740106
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  • 103
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Lethal effects of fluorodeoxyuridine on cultured mammalian cells at various stages of the cell cycleThis investigation was supported in part by a research grant (T-414) from the American Cancer Society. (1969)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Cellular Physiology 74 (1969), S. 57-62 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-9541
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: The lethal damage induced by the exposure of synchronized Chinese hamster cells to various concentrations of 5-fluoro-2′deoxyuridine (FUdR) was not selectively restricted to cells exposed during the period of DNA synthesis S. The colony survival fraction observed after treatment for one hour with 5 × 10-5 M FUdR was very low (0.0001-0.0003) whether the drug was administered during early G1, late G1, early S or in middle S. The survival of cells treated with the same concentration of FUdR during mitosis, however, was significantly higher (0.62) showing that mitotic cells were less sensitive to FUdR. Administration of 10-7M thymidine or “conditioned” medium for one hour reversed the lethal effect of FUdR or improved the survival, depending on the time after removal of the FUdR at which these substances were given.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jcp.1040740108
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  • 104
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The relationship of protein synthesis to cell division and oral development in synchronized Tetrahymena pyriformis GL-C: An analysis employing cycloheximide (1969)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Cellular Physiology 74 (1969), S. 135-148 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-9541
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: The effects of cycloheximide on synchronized Tetrahymena pyriformis strain GL-C were investigated at concentrations ranging from 0.01 to 10 μg/ml. The initial inhibition of protein synthesis was nearly total (〉85%) at 1 μg/ml and above, partial (50-80%) at 0.2 to 0.05 μg/ml, and slight (〈30%) at 0.02 μg/ml. Eventual recovery of protein synthesis to a rate approaching that of the controls took place at concentrations of 1 μg/ml and less. When the drug was added before a “transition point” at 55 minutes after the end of the synchronizing treatment (EST), cell division was blocked by 10 μg/ml, and delayed at concentrations of 1 μg/ml or less. The duration of delay was related to the degree of initial inhibition, and to the time required for recovery of protein synthesis; it also depended on the time after EST at which the drug was added. At a given concentration, maximum division delay was observed just prior to the “transition point;” this maximum delay was correlated with resorption of differentiating oral primordia, followed by the appearance of new primordia. The lesser delays observed at earlier times were correlated with temporary blockage of development of primordia in the “stomatogenic field” stage. Resumption of oral primordium development was, in both cases, temporally correlated with a substantial recovery of protein synthesis. After the “transition point,” cell division, and completion of oral development, was delayed slightly at the lower concentrations, and more substantially at 1 and 10 μg/ml, with some division-arrest at the latter concentration. Except for the recovery phenomenon, the developmental responses elicited by cycloheximide were similar to those observed earlier with puromycin.The bearing of these findings on the mechanism of synchronization in Tetrahymena is considered in the Discussion.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jcp.1040740205
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  • 105
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Physical separation of hemopoietic stem cells from cells forming colonies in cultureThis research was supported by the National Cancer Institute of Canada, the Medical Research Council (grant MBT-1420) and the Defence Research Board (grant 9350-14 G and C). (1969)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Cellular Physiology 74 (1969), S. 171-182 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-9541
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Mouse bone marrow cells in suspension were separated into a number of fractions on the basis of cell density by equilibrium density gradient centrifugation, or on the basis of cell size by velocity sedimentation. After each type of separation, the cells from the various fractions were assayed for their ability to form macroscopic spleen colonies in irradiated recipient mice, and for their ability to form colonies in a cell culture system. The results from either separation technique demonstrate that cells in some fractions formed more colonies in vivo than in the culture system, while cells in other fractions formed more colonies in culture than in the spleen. The results of control experiments indicate that this separation of the two types of colony-forming cells was not an artifact of the separation procedures. From these experiments it was concluded that the population of cells which form colonies in culture under the conditions used is not identical to the population of cells detected by the spleen colony assay.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jcp.1040740209
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  • 106
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Curves of osmotic fragility calculated from the isotonic areas and volumes of individual human erythrocytesThis investigation was supported by a grant from the Life Insurance Medical Research Fund. (1969)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Cellular Physiology 74 (1969), S. 203-211 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-9541
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Theoretical osmotic fragility curves were calculated and drawn by computer using the van't Hoff equation and the isotonic areas and volumes of 1000 individual erythrocytes. We studied the influence on the calculated curves of theoretically altering the fraction of the volume which was osmotically active from 50 to 70%, and of altering the permissible stretch before hemolysis from zero to 10%. With the two assumptions-that the membrane does not stretch before hemolysis, and that the osmotically active fraction of the cell volume is 0.58-it was possible to duplicate the general shape of the standard fragility curve; the exact NaCl concentration, however, at which there was 50% hemolysis was approximately 0.1 gm/100 ml higher than found in vitro. The calculated osmotic fragility curves can be made quantitatively similar to in vitro ones if the following statements are true: the osmotically active volume is 58%, the permissible stretch of the membrane without lysis is 6%, the cell membrane resists a slight osmotic pressure gradient of approximately 0.1 atmospheres, and hemolysis is an all or nothing phenomenon. This set of values for the relevant factors is sufficient but not unique in causing the superposition of the calculated and experimental curves. The frequency distribution of the cells according to the hemolytic salt concentrations (the sodium chloride concentration at which an individual cell just hemolyzes) was skewed positively and was leptokurtic for each of the seven normal subjects studied.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jcp.1040740212
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  • 107
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Viability of human diploid cells as a function of in vitro ageThis investigation was supported in part by U. S. Public Health Service Contract PH43-62-157 from the Viral Carcinogenesis Branch of the National Cancer Institute, and by Public Health Service Research Grant 5-RO1-CA 04534-09 from the National Cancer Institute. (1969)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Cellular Physiology 74 (1969), S. 219-221 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-9541
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: The fraction of cell capable of division was determined for (1) population of the human diploid cell strains, WI38 after different numbers of subcultivations in vitro and (2) a single population of WI38 cells at intervals throughout its entire in vitro lifespan. In both cases the percentage of cells capable of division decreased with increasing age in tissue culture. The rate and the magnitude of the decrease is sufficient to account for the limited in vitro lifespan reported by other investigators. Furthermore, the decrease in the fraction of cells capable of division in similar in some respects of senescence among human populations.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jcp.1040740302
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  • 108
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Structure and reactivity of tRNA (1969)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Cellular Physiology 74 (1969), S. 163-178 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-9541
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: All tRNA sequences so far known can be folded into a cloverleaf structure. Physical data and chemical reactions allow us to draw conclusions on secondary (cloverleaf) and tertiary structure. N-oxidation of adenosine to adenosine-1-N-oxide can be done with monoperphthalic acid in non-base-paired regions of polynucleotides and can be followed easily by changes in absorption of ultraviolet light. Thus this method can be used to determine the structure of tRNA's. A fingerprint of the N-oxidation product of tRNAyeastPhe reveals that all adenosine residues are protected except the 3′-terminal adenosine and the three adenosine residues in or adjacent to the anticodon. On this basis a conformation of tRNAyeastPhe is proposed. Similar tertiary structures can be constructed for the other tRNA's. In order to connect tertiary structure of a tRNA and recognition by its aminoacylating enzyme, the rate of aminoacylation, as a function of temperature, was measured. Neither changes in the anticodon nor specific changes at the 3′-terminal adenosine abolish aminoacylation. Single crystals of tRNAyeastPhe were obtained from aqueous solutions upon addition of various organic solvents.
    Additional Material: 14 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jcp.1040740416
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  • 109
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Conformational aspects of the nucleic acid-protein recognition problem (1969)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Cellular Physiology 74 (1969), S. 235-238 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-9541
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jcp.1040740426
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  • 110
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Form and function of protein assemblies (1969)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Cellular Physiology 74 (1969), S. 239-240 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-9541
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Assemblies of protein molecules represent a fundamental level of biological organization. The dynamic behavior of these systems-including both the assembly process and functional rearrangements-may be accounted for by the specificity of the protein interactions, which depend on environmental conditions. Analysis of the self-assembly of virus particles has established that the design of an ordered structure can be built into the specific bonding properties of the constituent proteins. Any structure which can change its state of organization is, by definition, polymorphic. The distinctive aspect of polymorphism in protein structures, contrasted with nonliving states of matter, is that the molecular design has been selected to carry out a function and that this function is part of an integrated system. The differences in molecular conformation and arrangement in all polymorphic structures-for example, allosteric enzymes or ice crystals-depend on the intrinsic interaction properties of the molecules themselves. The structures of ice and water illustrate relations between specificity and polymorphism which are relevant to the form and function of protein assemblies.Two types of polymorphism can be distinguished: modal polymorphism, which is externally moderated, as in phase transitions between different crystals forms; and positional polymorphism, which is internally moderated, as in the different disposition of identical molecules within a single crystal lattice. Positional polymorphism, exemplified by the quasi-equivalent bonding of icosahedral virus coat proteins and the different arrangement of myosin and paramyosin at the center and polar portions of the bipolar filaments, results from specific interactions that are not compatible with a strictly equivalent packing of identical molecules. The structural rearrangements in muscle contraction and the switching between the oxy and deoxy forms of hemoglobin represent the formation of different structures in response to altered external conditions. The different structural states of many protein assemblies are characterized by conserved connections which may be regarded as providing the framework for functional rearrangements. The types of polymorphism displayed by hemoglobin, virus, and muscle proteins demonstrate the relevance of the simple view that the function of a protein is determined by the potential structures it can form.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jcp.1040740427
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  • 111
    Electronic Resource
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    Masthead (1969)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Cellular Physiology 74 (1969) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-9541
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jcp.1040740201
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  • 112
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Evidence from studies of birefringence of structure across the dimple region of red cells (1969)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Cellular Physiology 74 (1969), S. 101-114 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-9541
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Analysis of the equilibrium of the normal biconcave human red cell, in terms of its tension and a pressure inside, suggests a force of attraction between the opposite membranes at the dimple regions. The analogous attraction that causes rouleaux formation is mediated by long-chain molecules. Single cells hanging on edge between polarizer and analyser, almost “crossed,” were photographed at different angles to the axis of the polarizer. Enlarged prints were scanned by a photometer. For single cells the records showed non-significant fluctuations of intensity, but mean values for 32 cells showed a very significant sinusoidal variation with angle, as predicted by theory for birefringence in the cell at the dimple region. For the rim region, the averaged data showed no variation with angle. In cells moderately osmotically swollen, birefringence in the centre of the dimple region was absent, but persisted close to the inside of the membranes. The latter disappeared in cells further swollen to a biconvex shape. The data is interpreted as indicating oriented chains of molecules across the interior of the cell at the dimple region. The behaviour on swelling was what had been seen in a model with nylon fibres oriented between the charged plates of a condenser, in which the variation of attractive force with distance was adequate to explain the equilibrium of the red cell membrane.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jcp.1040740202
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  • 113
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    Incorporation of H3-uridine and the isolation and characterization of RNA from squid axonThis work was partially supported by U. S. Army Research Office, grant DAHC 19-68-G-0018. (1969)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Cellular Physiology 74 (1969), S. 155-161 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-9541
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: H3-Uridine microinjected in the giant axons of the squid is incorporated in a TCA insoluble material. There is no difference between stimulated and resting axons as to the amount incorporated.The amount incorporated is increased if the stimulation precedes the microinjection of the tracer.RNA was purified and characterized from the axoplasm, axon sheaths and from a purified membrane preparation obtained from squid retinal nerve.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jcp.1040740207
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  • 114
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    Early alterations in amino acid pools and protein synthesis of diploid fibroblasts stimulated to synthesize DNA by addition of serumSupported by American Cancer Society Grant E-400A. (1969)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Cellular Physiology 74 (1969), S. 191-202 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-9541
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Diploid human fibroblasts in culture (WI 38) were allowed to reach a stationary phase and were then stimulated to reenter DNA synthesis and cell division by addition of serum to the culture medium. The rate of protein synthesis increased during the first hours after addition of serum reaching at three hours a plateau value that continued for at least 24 hours after serum addition. Inhibition of protein synthesis during the early hours after serum addition abolished the stimulation of DNA synthesis occurring 20 to 28 hours later.Increased protein synthesis was preceded by a rapid decrease in the intracellular pool size of most amino acids. These changes were independent of concomitant protein synthesis. They suggest that serum exerts an immediate effect on the function of the cell membrane.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jcp.1040740211
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  • 115
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    Errata (1969)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Cellular Physiology 74 (1969), S. 217-217 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-9541
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jcp.1040740214
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  • 116
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    Transformation of chick fibroblast cultures with avian myeloblastosis virusThis research was supported by PHS grant CA 10697 and by the Veterans Administration Hospital, Gainesville, Florida. (1969)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Cellular Physiology 73 (1969), S. 105-108 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-9541
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Cellular transformation was induced with avian myeloblastosis virus strain BAI-A (standard AMV) and with a strain of AMV containing subgroup B only. Cultures of muscle tissues from either chick embryo or day old chicks were used for this study. Results were similar in C/O and C/A cells. Leukemogenic virus was continuously produced by these transformed cultures.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jcp.1040730203
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  • 117
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    The effect of exogenous ATP on the electrolyte content of TA3 ascites tumor cellsThis investigation was supported by USPHS grant Ca-03690-11. (1969)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Cellular Physiology 73 (1969), S. 133-140 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-9541
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: In the presence of 1 mM ATP in the external medium, TA3 mouse ascites tumor cells showed a dramatic loss of potassium and gain of sodium down their respective concentration gradients. The volume changes detected by size discrimination with the Coulter counter have been adequately confirmed by densimetric techniques. Further, some experiments were so designed that net losses of both ions occurred and the cell shrank in response to ATP, a response which was predictable if the volume change was produced by a loss of cell water. We believe that ATP produces a major change in the passive permeability of the membrane to these ions and the effect may be due to a response of a contractile protein in the membrane to ATP.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jcp.1040730207
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  • 118
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    Erratum (1969)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Cellular Physiology 73 (1969), S. i 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-9541
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jcp.1040730302
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  • 119
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    The calcium-mediated promotion of mitotic activity in rat thymocyte populations by growth hormone, neurohormones, parathyroid hormone and prolactinIssued as N.R.C.C. No. 10694. (1969)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Cellular Physiology 73 (1969), S. 203-211 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-9541
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Growth hormone, oxytocin, parathyroid hormone, prolactin and lysine vasopressin strongly stimulate mitotic activity in rat thymocyte populations maintained in vitro. These hormones have no mitotic effect on cells maintained in calcium-free medium. It is concluded that they stimulate mitosis only indirectly by sensitising the mitotically competent segment of a thymocyte population to the action of calcium. The stimulatory action of calcium itself is opposed by low concentrations of the mucopolysaccharide chondroitin sulphate. However, the inhibitory action of chondroitin sulphate can be overcome by growth hormone.A possible common mechanism of action of these hormones on mitotically competent cells is discussed.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jcp.1040730306
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  • 120
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    Separation of cells by velocity sedimentationSupported by National Cancer Institute of Canada, MRC grant MA-3017 and Donner Canadian Foundation. (1969)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Cellular Physiology 73 (1969), S. 191-201 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-9541
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: A system for fractionating populations of living cells by velocity sedimentation in the earth's gravitational field is described. The cells start in a thin band near the top of a shallow gradient of 3% to 30% fetal calf serum in phosphate buffered saline at 4°C. Cell separation takes place primarily on the basis of size and is approximately independent of cell shape. A sharply-defined upper limit, called the streaming limit, exists for the cell concentration in the starting band beyond which useful cell separations cannot be achieved. This limit, which varies with the type of cell being sedimented, can be significantly increased by proper choice of gradient shape. For sheep erythrocytes (sedimentation velocity of 1.6 mm/hour) it is 1.5 × 107 cells/ml. Measured and calculated sedimentation velocities for sheep erythrocytes are shown to be in agreement. The technique is applied to a suspension of mouse spleen cells and it is shown, using an electronic cell counter and pulse height analyzer, that cells are fractionated according to size across the gradient such that the sedimentation velocity (in mm/hour) approximately equals r2/4 where r is the cell radius in microns. Since cells of differing function also often differ in size, the system appears to have useful biological applications.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jcp.1040730305
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  • 121
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    Masthead (1969)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Cellular Physiology 74 (1969) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-9541
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jcp.1040740101
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  • 122
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    Stimulation of mitotic activity and the initiation of deoxyribonucleic acid synthesis in populations of rat thymic lymphocytes by magnesiumIssued as NRCC No. 10858. (1969)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Cellular Physiology 74 (1969), S. 1-7 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-9541
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: The progression of rat thynocytes (maintained in vitro) into mitosis is profoundly affected by the level of magnesium in the medium. Increasing the extracellular MgC12 concentration from 0 to 1.0 mM does not affect mitotic activity, but a further increase to 1.2 and 2.5 mM rapidly and strongly stimulates the flow of cells into mitosis. The level of extracellular magnesium also governs the mitogenic effectiveness of calcium ions. The mitogenic action of magnesium stems from an ability to stimulate the initiation of deoxyribonucleic acid synthesis.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jcp.1040740102
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    Development of the mouse hematopoietic system. II. Estimation of spleen and liver “stem” cell numberThis investigation was supported by Public Health Service Training Grant CA-5013, from the National Cancer Institute. (1969)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Cellular Physiology 74 (1969), S. 51-55 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-9541
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Colony-forming cells (CFU), which have the general properties of hemopoietic “stem” cells, appear to be augmented in the mouse fetal liver from 12-18 days gestation and then decrease in the newborn. This finding suggests that few, if any, hemopoietic “stem” cells remain in the adult liver, an organ which appears to be unable to function erythropoietically, even at times of severe crises. In the spleen, and active adult as well as embryonic hematopoietic organ, the total number of CFU increases from 18 days gestation until at least 7 days after birth.Spleen and liver CFU augmentation seems to occur in cojunction with an analogous expansion of non-hematopoietic cells. The data suggests, in fact, that while there is an increase in the total number of liver CFU, there is also a dilution of liver CFU in the total cell population at successively later gestational ages.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jcp.1040740107
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    Discrepancies between precursor uptake and DNA synthesis in mammalian cells (1969)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Cellular Physiology 74 (1969), S. 63-66 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-9541
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: The incorporation of tritiated thymidine and deoxycytidine into DNA of x-irradiated mammalian cells was studied. Both inhibition and stimulation were found due to pool changes rather than to effects on DNA synthesis, indicating that precursor uptake can be a misleading method to measure DNA synthesis rate.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jcp.1040740109
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    Chemical modification of crayfish axons by protein crosslinking aldehydes (1969)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Cellular Physiology 74 (1969), S. 91-99 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-9541
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: A series of aldehydes of varying protein crosslinking strengths have been tested on intact and internally perfused crayfish axons. Non-crosslinking aldehydes have no effect, or cause a gradual decline in resting potential and overshoot with no widening of the spike. Strong crosslinking compounds, such as acrolein, crotonaldehyde, and glutaraldehyde, widen the action potential significantly while reducing its amplitude. Differences in the shapes of the resulting action potentials and accompanying impedance changes suggest that each crosslinking aldehyde exerts different effects on the axon. Glutaraldehyde, the strongest crosslinking agent tested, slows both rising and falling phases of the spike, and also of the impedance change, suggesting a prolongation of the transient increase in sodium conductance. The ability of protein crosslinking agents to alter excitability, and particularly to slow the various phases of the action potential, provides support for the hypothesis that a conformational change in a protein or protein-phospholipid complex is involved in excitation.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jcp.1040740112
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    Phenotypically variant adrenal tumor cell cultures with biochemical lesions in the ACTH-stimulated steroidogenic pathwayPublication No. 656 of the Graduate Department of Biochemistry, Brandeis University, Waltham, Massachusetts 02154. (1969)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Cellular Physiology 74 (1969), S. 115-122 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-9541
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Four clonal adrenal tumor cell lines which exhibit biochemical lesions in the ACTH-stimulated steroidogenic pathway have been isolated. Two of these cell lines, designated Y-6 and OS3, appear to contain their lesions at points proximal to cyclic AMP formation in the ACTH-stimulated steroidogenic pathway. Growth of Y-6 and OS3 as tumors in isogenic mice results in a restoration of ACTH sensitivity in both cell lines by mechanisms which do not appear to involve selection or fulfillment of specific nutritional requirements. Growth of Y-6 and OS3 as tumors in heterogenic mice results in restoration of ACTH sensitivity in Y-6 but not in OS3, suggesting that the biochemical lesions in these cell lines are at different loci. Two other cell lines, designated OS1 and OS4, possess biochemical lesions in the steroidogenic pathway beyond the formation of cyclic AMP and before the formation of pregnenolone. Growth of OS1 and OS4 as tumors in isogenic mice results in the repair of the biochemical lesions in these cells distal to cyclic AMP formation in the ACTH-stimulated steroidogenic pathway. The four cell lines described are potentially useful in elucidating the mechanism of action of ACTH in adrenal cells as well as in determining the factors required for maintaining differentiated function in cultured cells.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jcp.1040740203
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    Formation and properties of an aminoacyl-tRNA•GTP•protein complex (1969)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Cellular Physiology 74 (1969), S. 103-116 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-9541
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Partially purified preparations of two protein factors, one of which is stable at 50°C (FIs) and the other unstable at 50°C (FIu), are required for the GTP-dependent, mRNA-directed binding of aminoacyl-tRNA to ribosomes, as well as for polypeptide synthesis in the presence of a third factor, FII. Both FIs and FIu are required for maximal interaction with GTP to form a GTP•protein complex that subsequently interacts with aminoacyl-tRNA, but not with deacylated tRNA or with N-(substituted)-aminoacyl-tRNA, to form an aminoacyl-tRNA•GTP•protein complex. A mixture of FIs and FIu also interacts with GDP to form a GDP•protein complex; however, no subsequent interaction with aminoacyl-tRNA is observed. In addition to aminoacyl-tRNA and GTP, Mg2+ and NH4+ are required for the formation of the aminoacyl-tRNA•GTP•protein complex. Although both protein factors, FIs and FIu, are required for the formation of this complex, only the heat-labile protein, FIu, is a component of the complex. Very little dissociation of the GTP moiety of the complex occurs in the presence of Mg2+, and no detectable exchange is observed with GTP, GDP, or Pi. In contrast, appreciable dissociation of the aminoacyl-tRNA from the GTP•protein occurs even in the presence of Mg2+, and exchange with other aminoacyl-tRNA's can be readily demonstrated. In the absence of Mg2+, complete dissociation of both the GTP and the aminoacyl-tRNA from the protein occurs. Evidence has been obtained to demonstrate that the aminoacyl-tRNA•GTP•protein complex is an intermediate in the GTP-dependent binding of aminoacyl-tRNA to ribosomes. The binding of the aminoacyl-tRNA to the ribosome occurs with the concomitant formation of Pi and a GDP • protein complex. Incorporation of the bound aminoacyl-tRNA into polypeptide requires additional GTP and the third transfer factor, FII.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jcp.1040740409
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    The separation of isoaccepting transfer RNA's and the possible role of tRNA in regulationResearch jointly sponsored by the National Cancer Institute, the National Institute of General Medical Sciences, and the U.S. Atomic Energy Commission under contract with Union Carbide Corporation. (1969)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Cellular Physiology 74 (1969), S. 121-147 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-9541
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: After the experimental verification of Crick's adaptor hypothesis for the role of tRNA, it became apparent that one of the most important of the protein-nucleic acid interactions occurs at the first step in protein synthesis, namely the amino acid activation reaction. It is here that a specific aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase must select, with high fidelity, a specific tRNA out of a large collection of molecules of similar size, shape, and overall composition. A mistake at this point, either by esterification of the wrong amino acid to the correct tRNA or by selection of the wrong tRNA, will inevitabley result in the insertion of an amino acid at an incorrect position in a growing polypeptide. Although there are known rules that dictate how one nucleic acid can recognize and interact with another nucleic acid, nothing is known regarding the mechanism by which a specific protein can recognize and interact with a specific nucleic acid. In order to gain some insight into the specific recognition between an aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase and its cognate tRNA, it became necessary to study the specific interaction with highly purified materials, preferably in gram quantities. An effort to do this for both the synthetases and the tRNA's was launched at the Oak Ridge National Laboratory about 6 years ago. Four high-resolution column chromatographic procedures have been developed in the ORNL Macromolecular Separations Program for the separation and production of highly purified species of tRNA's. An unexpected “spin-off” from this program is the analytical use of some of these systems to detect qualitative changes in the tRNA profile of cells as a consequence of virus infection, methionine starvation, and other metabolic alterations.Some examples of the heterologous interaction between aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases of one species with the tRNA's of another species, and some of the inherent dangers in the interpretation of such interactions, are considered.Finally, some speculations are made regarding the possible role of tRNA in regulation.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jcp.1040740411
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    Replication of the RNA genomeThis work was supported in part by grants from the National Institute of General Medical Sciences, National Institutes of Health (GM-11936 and -11301), and the National Science Foundation (GB-5082). This is Communication No. 165 from the Joan and Lester Avent Institute of Molecular Biology. (1969)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Cellular Physiology 74 (1969), S. 187-195 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-9541
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Several steps in the synthesis in vitro of infectious bacteriophage RNA can now be described. The reaction catalyzed by the Qβ RNA polymerase is known to involve several components, including the enzyme, host cell factors, Qβ RNA template, and the strand complementary to the Qβ RNA. The interaction of these components and the mechanims of the reaction appears to be considerably more complex than was proposed in earlier models.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jcp.1040740419
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    Purification and isolation of active mammalian ribosomal subunits (1969)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Cellular Physiology 74 (1969), S. 253-255 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-9541
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jcp.1040740429
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    Thymidine as a synchronizing agent. I. Nucleic acid and protein formation in synchronous HeLa cultures treated with excess thymidineThis work was supported by USPHS grants 2RO1 CA-05402-09VR and 5TO1 GM-00813-07. (1969)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Cellular Physiology 73 (1969), S. 109-117 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-9541
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Synchronous cultures of HeLa cells obtained by selective detachment of mitoses were treated with high concentrations of thymidine. The inhibitor was added soon after completion of cell division and rates of cell enlargement and accumulation of DNA, RNA and protein were compared for untreated and thymidine-treated cultures at various points of the cell cycle. It was found that concentrations of thymidine which in randomly growing cultures inhibit the rate of cell division by more than 90% allowed a considerable degree of DNA synthesis and did not affect the rate of accumulation of RNA and protein, when applied to cells in the G1 phase of synchronous culture. Treated and untreated cells enlarged at the same rate throughout their life cycle. The results show that concentrations of thymidine commonly employed to produce cell synchrony do not arrest the cells at the G1-S boundary, but allow slow progress through S in respect to DNA synthesis, and near-normal progress towards G2 as regards RNA and protein accumulation and cell enlargement.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jcp.1040730204
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    Masthead (1969)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Cellular Physiology 73 (1969) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-9541
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jcp.1040730301
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    Phenylalanine hydroxylase activity in mammalian cellsFrom the Eleanor Roosevelt Institute for Cancer Research, the Department of Biophysics (Contribution 353), and the Division of Neurology, University of Colorado Medical Center, Denver, Colorado. This investigation was supported by U.S. Public Health Service grant 5PO1 HD 02080 from the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development and by U.S. Public Health Service Training grant GM00781 from the National Institute of General Medical Sciences. (1969)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Cellular Physiology 73 (1969), S. 159-170 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-9541
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Survey of twelve mouse tissues revealed the presence of appreciable phenylalanine hydroxylase activity in the pancreas and kidney as well as the liver but in no other of the tissues tested. Single cell suspensions of mouse liver were prepared by use of tetraphenylboron. The enzyme activity of such suspensions was much more stable than that of liver extracts, and permitted determination of the Michaelis-Menten constant, the pseudo-first order reaction velocity constant on a cell-number basis, and the temperature coefficient and apparent activation energy of the enzyme activity. Possible applications of these methods to problems in cellular biology have been indicated.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jcp.1040730210
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    Hemoglobin and ferritin synthesis in erythroid cells in prolonged marrow cell culturesSupported in part by U. S. Public Health Service Grant HD 01794. Abstracted in part in Fed. Proc. 26(2): 745, 1967. (1969)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Cellular Physiology 74 (1969), S. 273-281 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-9541
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: A method is described which maintains viable erythroid cells in tissue culture for periods from nine to twenty days. These cells appear predominantly as small round cells with scanty cytoplasm. They synthesize both heme and globin and are relatively more numerous free in suspension than in the adherent monolayer. Ferritin isomorph may serve as a convenient marker in tissue culture of cells of erythroid origin, suggesting that such cells may persist despite a completely transformed appearance and a loss of the ability to produce hemoglobin.
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    Erratum (1969)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Cellular Physiology 74 (1969), S. 333-333 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-9541
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jcp.1040740314
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    Isolation of nuclei from mature peritoneal granulocytesIn conducting the research described in this report, the investigators adhered to the “Principles of Laboratory Animal Care” as outlined by the National Society for Medical Research. (1969)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Cellular Physiology 73 (1969), S. 93-104 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-9541
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Nuclei from mature neutrophil granulocytes were prepared from peritonal exudates of goats. Fluorescein mercuric acetate was required to stabilize the nuclei and fix nucleoproteins. Following differential centrifugation and detergent treatment, electron microscopy showed the interlobar region to be free of cytoplasmic tabs. All of the DNA of the cell was recovered in the nucleus and 71% of the RNA. The DNA : RNA was 6 : 1 in the intact cells, and 9 : 1 in the isolated nuclei. Protein:DNA was 11 : 1 and 4 : 1 for cells and nuclei, respectively. Representative fractions of histones and tryptophan-rich acidic proteins were prepared with (asp + glu) : (lys + arg + hist) values averaging 0.7 and 1.4 respectively. Histones accounted for 30% of the nuclear proteins while the residual proteins contained the bulk of the cystinyl residues. Granulocytes were characterized by high glycine titers, from 8 to 18% of the nuclear proteins, and 70% of the total free amino acids of the cell.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jcp.1040730202
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    Effect of exogenous ATP on the volume of TA3 ascites tumor cellsThis investigation was supported by U.S.P.H.S. CA-05022-12, grant P-485 of the American Cancer Society and grant DRG-949 of the Damon Runyon Memorial Fund. (1969)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Cellular Physiology 73 (1969), S. 125-131 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-9541
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: When exogenous ATP is added to suspensions of TA3 ascites tumor cells suspended in Ca++ and Mg++ free media, a significant increase in cell volume can be measured. This increase is reversible upon addition of Ca++ and/or Mg++ back to the media.The enlargement of these cells is temperature sensitive and specific for ATP; no other nucleotides, EDTA or ouabain were effective. The evidence suggest that this phenomena may be due to an alteration in membrane permeability and that the regulation of membrane permeability is an energy dependent process.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jcp.1040730206
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    Effect of estradiol on splenic repopulation by endogenous and exogenous hemopoietic cells in irradiated miceResearch sponsored by the U. S. Atomic Energy Commission under contract with the Union Carbide Corporation. The data were presented in part to the University of Tennessee by V. K. Jenkins as partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Ph.D. degree while he was supported by USPHS fellowship 5-F1-GM-30, 763-02. (1969)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Cellular Physiology 73 (1969), S. 149-157 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-9541
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Estradiol treatment of irradiated mice during repopulation of their spleens by endogenous hemopoietic cells reduced the number of myelocytic colonies and increased the numbers of erythropoietic and undifferentiated colonies. The inhibitory effects of the hormone on myelopoiesis were not dependent on stimulation of erythropoiesis, since they occurred in the absence of erythropoiesis in mice made polycythemic by hypertransfusion.Treatment of bone marrow donors with estradiol reduced the ability of their marrow cells to form spleen colonies, particularly reducing the proportion of myelopoietic colonies relative to the total number of colonies of all types. Conversely erythropoietic colonies, though reduced in absolute number, were increased in relative number. Such treatment also decreased the volume and cell content of the marrow cavity through stimulation of endosteal bone formation.Estradiol treatment of lethally irradiated recipient mice did not detectably alter the total numbers or types of hemopoietic spleen colonies formed in these animals from transplanted marrow cells; however, without estradiol treatment, myelopoietic colonies were so few and erythropoietic colonies so numerous that the effects of the hormones may have been undetectable by the methods employed.The sex of the donor or recipient mouse did not affect the numbers or types of colonies formed, suggesting that endogenous levels of estradiol were too low to exert effects dectectable by the methods used. However, since our mice were only 8 weeks old, the data do not exclude the possibility that older female mice, with higher levels of estradiol, would have differed from males in relative numbers of myelopoietic as compared with erythropoietic colonies.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jcp.1040730209
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    Increased resistance of immature red cells of rat and dog to osmotic lysisWork supported by the U. S. Atomic Energy Commission. (1969)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Cellular Physiology 73 (1969), S. 251-260 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-9541
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Mature male rats were injected with radioiron, which labeled immature red cells that were in the stage of hemoglobin synthesis at the time. Washed cells were subjected to lysis by hypotonic saline at 14 intervals ranging from 1 to 85 hours after 59Fe injection. Lysis curves were determined colorimetrically (for the whole population) and by scintillation counting of 59Fe gamma rays (for the labeled population). Newly labeled rat red cells are much more resistant than mature erythrocytes. The mature curve of osmotic resistance is acquired about 67 hours after injection. The delivery of labeled cells continues for more than 36 hours, so the maturation of osmotic properties of a typical rat red cell takes about 30 hours from entry into the circulation. Washed dog cells behave in similar fashion but delivery continues for three days and the mature lysis curve does not appear until five days after labeling, so that maturation takes about two days. Preincubation of cells is requisite for the appearance of osmotic resistance, but the basis of the incubation effect is not yet known.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jcp.1040730309
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    Thymidine as a synchronizing agent. II. Partial recovery of HeLa cells from unbalanced growth (1969)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Cellular Physiology 73 (1969), S. 261-266 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-9541
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Randomly growing cultures of HeLa-S3 cells were subjected to synchronizing treatment with excess thymidine. Unbalanced growth occurred during the thymidine treatment, but the abnormal cellular composition was found to revert to control levels so that at the time of the first mitosis following a 12-24 hour treatment with the inhibitor the cellular DNA, RNA and protein content and cell size were close to control values. However, an alkaline deoxyribonuclease which attacks denatured DNA was still found to be significantly elevated at this time. The results argue against the use of thymidine as a synchrony producing agent.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jcp.1040730310
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    The rate of attachment of amoebae to the substratum: A study of nuclear-cytopolasmic relationships (1969)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Cellular Physiology 73 (1969), S. 171-177 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-9541
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: The rate of attachment to the substratum was found to be a strain specific character of certain large free-living amoebae. Two strains, which differed significantly in this respect, were compared with regard to the rate of attachment of enucleated cytoplasm, nuclear-cytoplasmic hybrids and amoebae injected with cytoplasm from another strain. It was found that both the nucleus and the cytoplasm of the more rapidly attaching strain were able to transmit this character to amoebae of the more slowly attaching strain. The possible mechanisms underlying attachment and transmission of the rate of attachment are discussed.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jcp.1040730303
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    Fluctuations of DNA-dependent RNA polymerase and synthesis of macromolecules during the growth cycle of Novikoff rat hepatoma cells in suspension cultureTaken in part from a dissertation submitted by G. A. Ward to the Graduate School, University of Minnesta, in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the M.S. degree. (1969)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Cellular Physiology 73 (1969), S. 213-231 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-9541
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: The transition of suspension cultures of Novikoff rat hepatoma cells from the exponential to the stationary phase is accompanied by decreases of over 90% in the rates of synthesis of RNA, DNA and protein, a 90% loss of the apparent DNA-dependent RNA polymerase activity of the cells, and a disaggregation of the polyribosomes with a concomitant accumulation of 80 S and 110 S ribosomal structures. The cells also attain a minimum content of DNA, RNA and protein and a minimum size. Upon dilution of stationary phase cultures with fresh medium, the rate of protein synthesis begins to increase immediately and this correlates with a rapid reformation of the polyribosomes. The initial re-formation of polyribosomes is little affected by the presence of actinomycin D. RNA polymerase activity also begins to increase immediately after dilution and an increase in rate of RNA synthesis becomes apparent shortly thereafter. The increase in polymerase activity is inhibited by treating the cells with puromycin or actidione. Cell division commences only 9-13 hours after dilution and the rate of DNA synthesis begins to increase about midway through the lag period. During the lag period the average cellular content of protein increases about 80% and that of RNA and DNA about 30%. These increases are accompanied by a marked increase in the average size of the cells.Upon continued incubation of stationary phase cultures, the cells become irreversibly damaged physiologically before gross morphological damage becomes apparent. The irreversible physiological damage is recognized by the fact that the cells fail to recover when suspended in fresh medium.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jcp.1040730307
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  • 143
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    Attempts to produce in vitro the reaction of immunologically competent cells of C57BL/6 origin to Balb/c embryo fibroblasts (1969)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Cellular Physiology 74 (1969), S. 31-36 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-9541
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Spleen or lymph node cells of C57BL/6 origin or both were mixed with subcellular material from Balb/c tissue for several hours at 37°C. The subcellular material was then washed out (by repeated centrifugation) with PBS and the immune cells were placed either in diffusion chambers in the peritoneal cavity of Swiss mice or in Petri dishes with C57BL/6 embryo cell monolayer (feeder layer) and incubated in a thermostat at an atmosphere of 5% CO2. After 4 to 5 days these cells were added to target Balb/c embryo cells in Petri dishes. The first control was done by sensitiziing the cells with syngeneic material, the second control by adding the immune cells to syngeneic target embryo cells. The sensitized cells mixed with allogeneic embryo cells produced a positive reaction in the form of agglutination around the target cells and destruction of these cells. In controls the immune cells were seldom found and were randomly distributed.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jcp.1040740105
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  • 144
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    A comparative study of the role of mitochondria and the sarcoplasmic reticulum in the uptake and release of Ca++ by the rat diaphragm (1969)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Cellular Physiology 74 (1969), S. 17-29 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-9541
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: The respective importance of mitochondria and of sarcoplasmic reticulum in the uptake and maintenance of Ca++ by the isolated rat diaphragm has been compared. Diaphragms were incubated at 30° in conditions optimal for Ca++ uptake either by isolated mitochondria or by sarcoplasmic reticulum: more Ca++ was taken up from the “mitochondrial” medium. For maximal uptake, Pi and Mg++ were necessary; substitution of NaCl and KC1 with sucrose had no effect on the uptake. The uptake was markedly inhibited by uncouplers of oxidative phosphorylation, by respiratory inhibitors, and by lowering the temperature of the incubation medium to 0°; it was not affected by oligomycin, aurovertin, DCCD, nor by inhibitors of Ca++ transport in the isolated sarcoplasmic reticulum (ergotamine, ergobasinine, caffeine). The lack of effect of caffeine was not due to lack of penetration into the muscle. Permeability barriers for ergotamine and ergobasinine could not be excluded. The maintenance of Ca++ by the diaphragm was optimal in a medium contaming Pi and Mg++. Uncoupling agents and respiratory inhibitors accelerated the rate and extent of release of Ca++ by the diaphragm. Lowering the temperature of the incubation medium to 0°, or addition of oligomycin, aurovertin, DCCD, had no effect on the release. The release of Ca++ was also unaffected by ergotamine, ergobasinine, caffeine. The results suggest a role for mitochondria in the uptake and maintenance of Ca++ by the isolated diaphragm.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jcp.1040740104
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  • 145
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    Joint discussion (1969)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Cellular Physiology 74 (1969), S. 157-159 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-9541
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jcp.1040740414
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  • 146
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    Recognition sites in transfer RNA (1969)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Cellular Physiology 74 (1969), S. 161-161 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-9541
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jcp.1040740415
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  • 147
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    The effect of serum components on sterol biosynthesis in L cellsSupported, in part, by Public Health Service Research Grant no. RO1-HE 0913 from the National Heart Institute and recipient of Public Health Service Research Fellowship no. 5 F3 AM-34,974-02. (1969)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Cellular Physiology 74 (1969), S. 163-170 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-9541
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: L cells were cultivated in test medium which contained 14C-sodium acetate, and the amount of labeled digitonin-precipitable sterol was assayed in medium and cells. Increasing concentrations of whole serum in the medium had two effects: depressed cellular synthesis and enhanced release of synthesized sterol from the cells. In experiments with delipidized serum containing unesterified cholesterol, cellular sterol synthesis decreased as free cholesterol concentration in the medium increased. In other experiments using medium containing increasing lecithin concentration and no exogenous sterol, the concentration of lecithin markedly influenced the distribution of synthesized sterol between the cells and the medium which then directly influenced the amount of sterol synthesized. These experiments indicate that cell sterol synthesis is regulated by internal levels of free sterol. This, in turn, is a function of cellular sterol flux which is regulated by the concentration and composition of serum lipoprotein in the medium.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jcp.1040740208
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  • 148
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    RNA in the periphery of rapidly proliferating mouse lymphoid cellsSupported in part by Grant P-403B and Institutional Research Grant IN-54 from the American Cancer Society, and Grant GR68RPI from the United Health Foundation of Western New York. (1969)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Cellular Physiology 74 (1969), S. 183-189 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-9541
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: RNA in the peripheries of various populations of lymph node cells (LNC) has been evaluated by measuring the electrophoretic mobilities of cells, before and after treatment with active or inactivated ribonucleases. Three different populations of LNC were studied: (1) “resting” normal age control LNC; (2) “syngeneic” LNC from irradiated (C3H × C57BL)F1 or C3H mice four to six days following transplantation of syngeneic spleen cells; such cells were progeny of lymphopoietic progenitor cells of the spleen; and (3) “allogeneic” LNC from irradiated (C3H × C57BL)F1 mice four to six days after grafting C3H (parental) spleen cells; such cells were progeny of lymphopoietic progenitor cells, but also alloantigen-sensitive cells of the spleen which proliferate in response to the host's alloantigens (a “graft-versus-host” immunological reaction). Whereas the normal LNC had no detectable peripheral RNA, the allogeneic and syngeneic LNC did, i.e., ribonuclease reduced their mean electrophoretic mobilities by 13.6 and 9.2 per cent, respectively. Since both allogeneic and syngeneic LNC had peripheral RNA, no specific correlation could be made with immunological activity. 3H-uridine and 14C-thymidine incorporation into lymph nodes was greatest in allogeneic, intermediate in syngeneic and least in age control lymph nodes, indicating a “population shift” in the spleen cell chimeras toward relatively immature, rapidly proliferating cells, which had a relatively high rate of RNA synthesis. Thus, rapidly proliferating lymphoid cells do have RNA in their peripheries, but its relation to specific immunological function has yet to be ascertained.
    Additional Material: 3 Tab.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jcp.1040740210
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  • 149
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    Changes in DNA polymerase activity associated with cell fusion in cultures of embryonic muscleThis work supported by U. S. Public Health Service grant 13882 to R.C.S. (1969)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Cellular Physiology 73 (1969), S. 61-68 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-9541
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: In cultures of differentiating chicken embryo muscle cells there is a steep decline in DNA polymerase activity which closely parallels the time of rapid cell fusion and the formation of multinucleated myotubes. The DNA polymerase activity remaining in the cultures is almost completely associated with single unfused cells. Cell fusion does not require a confluent culture and fusion capability appears to be severely reduced in the remaining single cells following an approximately ten hour time period during which the majority of fusion takes place. A model is presented to explain the observed kinetics of cell growth and cell fusion in vitro.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jcp.1040730109
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  • 150
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    Masthead (1969)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Cellular Physiology 73 (1969) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-9541
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jcp.1040730201
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  • 151
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    Control of cell multiplication in uninfected chicken cells and chicken cells converted by avian sarcoma virusesThis paper is number XI in a series “Carcinogenesis by avian sarcoma viruses.” The previous paper in this series was Temin (1968c). (1969)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Cellular Physiology 74 (1969), S. 9-15 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-9541
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: The increased multiplication of converted chicken cells in the presence of limited amounts of serum results from more efficient utilization of multiplication-stimulating activity rather than increased binding or uptake of this activity.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jcp.1040740103
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    Nucleic acids and polynucleotidesThis research was supported by the National Institutes of Health, U. S. Public Health Service research grant GM-16539, and U. S. National Science Foundation research grant 7857. (1969)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Cellular Physiology 74 (1969), S. 1-20 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-9541
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: The conformation of native double helical DNA is well-known, but it is possible that small regions occur within native DNA, undetectable by X-ray diffraction methods, which have different conformations. Model structures are the synthetic deoxypolynucleotides of defined sequence. Under the conditions used, DNA, poly d(A-T) • poly d(A-T), and poly d(T-G) • poly d(C-A) can all give similar X-ray diffraction patterns, whereas poly dA • poly dT, poly dI • poly dC, poly dG • poly dC, and poly d(T-C) • poly d(G-A) clearly differ from DNA. This led to the tentative hypothesis that those DNA's in which all purines are in one strand and all pyrimidines in the other differ in structure from those (such as native DNA) in which purines and pyrimidines alternate or are irregular. We now find that poly d(I-C) • poly d(I-C) does not fit the hypothesis and is a most unusual structure, having seven or eight base pairs per turn. Both molecular model building and circular dichroism studies suggest that it is a left-handed helix. A number of purified tRNA's have been crystallized. We have obtained, from unfractionated tRNA, crystalline “powder” X-ray diffraction patterns showing rings and spots to about 20 Å resolution. It is not clear whether cocrystallization has occurred, or whether there is fractional crystallization, though preliminary evidence favors the latter. Determination of the structure of crystalline tRNA has many features in common with protein crystallography, but there are a number of distinct differences.
    Additional Material: 14 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jcp.1040740403
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  • 153
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    Binding of arginine transfer RNA to the arginine tRNA synthetase of Escherichia coli (1969)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Cellular Physiology 74 (1969), S. 117-119 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-9541
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jcp.1040740410
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  • 154
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    Masthead (1969)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Cellular Physiology 73 (1969) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-9541
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jcp.1040730101
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  • 155
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    Formation and properties of thin-walled phospholipid vesiclesSupported by grant GB-5474 from the National Science Foundation. (1969)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Cellular Physiology 73 (1969), S. 49-60 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-9541
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Large numbers of thin-walled vesicles, 0.5 to 10 μ in diameter, can be formed by permitting a thinly spread layer of hydrated phospholipids to swell slowly in distilled water or an aqueous solution of nonelectrolytes. Electron micrographs and phospholipid analyses indicate that the walls consist of a single or a few bilayers. The vesicles can be centrifuged and resuspended in another medium, making them a useful system for studying permeability. The osmolarity of the solution in the interior of the vesicles can be estimated by immersion refractometry. The osmolarity of the internal aqueous phase is linearly related to the osmolarity of the external medium.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jcp.1040730108
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  • 156
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    The stimulation of tumor cell growth by a substance produced by normal and tumor cells (1969)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Cellular Physiology 73 (1969), S. 43-47 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-9541
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: It has been shown that a dialyzable substance produced by normal and tumor cells can stimulate the growth of a myeloid, erythroid, and two lymphoid leukemias, and a sarcoma. The growth stimulation of the tumor cells was observed as an increase in cloning efficiency and number of cells per colony. Rat granulocytes stimulated the growth of mouse tumor cells as efficiently as a variety of mouse cells. The stimulating substance was found in conditioned medium, and it was produced by all the normal and tumor cells tested.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jcp.1040730107
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  • 157
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    The dependence of DNA synthesis on protein synthesis in HeLa S3 cellsThis investigation was supported by USPHS Research grant CA-04483 from the National Cancer Institute. (1969)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Cellular Physiology 73 (1969), S. 85-90 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-9541
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: The rate of DNA synthesis in HeLa S3 cells, as measured by incorporation of C14-labeled thymidine, is strongly dependent on protein synthesis at all times during the S phase. The relation between the rate of DNA synthesis and the rate of protein synthesis is linear when measured two or three hours after reducing the rate of protein synthesis with either puromycin or cycloheximide. The effect is manifested rapidly, is found in both random and synchronized cultures, and is independent of the method of synchronization.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jcp.1040730112
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  • 158
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    Water diffusion and water permeation in eggs from three Anuran species (1969)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Cellular Physiology 73 (1969), S. 69-80 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-9541
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Water exchange has been studied in ovarian and body cavity eggs of three Anuran species (Rana esculenta, R. pipiens and R. temporaria) with the isotope exchange method using the automatically recording diver balance. In order to estimate the rate of water diffusion in egg cytoplasm (D), a factor required to determine the rate of water permeation (= the exchange coefficient, E), three different chemical treatments (digitonin, ethanol and formaldehyde) have been used to remove the surface barrier to water flow. The obtained mean value of D, 5 × 10-6 cm2 sec-1, has been accepted as a close approximation of water diffusion in the egg cytoplasm. This value has been used to determine the exchange coefficients in the egg types of the above mentioned species. Comparisons have been made between the calculated values of E both within and between species, and some suggestions have been made concerning the influence of microvilli on the rate of water exchange. Although, on the average, water exchange proceeds at a greater rate in ovarian than in body cavity eggs, a measurable diffusion barrier at the surface can be demonstrated.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jcp.1040730110
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  • 159
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    Migration and proliferation of diploid human fibroblasts following “wounding” of confluent monolayersSupported in part by grants-in-aid from the Army (Surgeon General's Office), Cystic Fibrosis Foundation and the National Institutes of Health (AM-08-8168). (1969)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Cellular Physiology 74 (1969), S. 235-243 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-9541
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Six diploid human fibroblast strains were grown in confluent monolayers. Holes were scraped in these monolayers and the number of cells proliferating into these “wounds” with time were determined. The migration and mitotic aspects of the proliferation of fibroblasts into these wounds were analyzed separately.Small amounts of undialysed or dialysed serum were essential for cell division but not migration. Saline extracts of skin could not substitute for serum in the medium. Neither zinc nor cupric ion at tolerable concentrations (10-5M) increased the rate of cell proliferation.Normal human fibroblasts did not immediately start to divide from confluency into the “wound” space. Their generation time was about 32-39 hours. Fibroblasts from patients with cystic fibrosis began to divide almost immediately into the “wounded” area. Their generation time was about 48 to 56 hours.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jcp.1040740304
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  • 160
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    Reversible inhibition of ribosomal RNA synthesis in HeLa by lucanthone (Miracil D) with continued synthesis of DNA-like RNA (1969)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Cellular Physiology 74 (1969), S. 283-294 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-9541
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Ribosomal RNA synthesis was selectively inhibited in HeLa cells by lucanthone, a clinically useful schistosomicide which shares many of the properties of Actinomycin D. Synthesis of DNA-like RNA continued during complete inhibition of ribosomal RNA synthesis. Under these conditions newly synthesized DNA-like RNA accumulated normally in polyribosomes of the cell cytoplasm; most of it appeared to be messenger RNA. DNA synthesis was partially inhibited by lucanthone but protein synthesis was undisturbed. Synthesis of ribosomal RNA promptly resumed after removal of lucanthone and cell survival was not affected if exposures to the drug were limited to two hours.
    Additional Material: 13 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jcp.1040740308
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  • 161
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    Masthead (1969)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Cellular Physiology 74 (1969) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-9541
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jcp.1040740401
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    Determinants of gene expression during viral developmentThis research was supported by the National Institute of General Medical Sciences (GM-15880) and the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (HD-01257). (1969)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Cellular Physiology 74 (1969), S. 81-85 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-9541
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jcp.1040740407
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  • 163
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    Phage-Induced modification of valyl-tRNA synthetaseThese studies were supported by U. S. Public Health Service research grant GM-08437 from the Institute of General Medical Sciences and by grant GB-2094 from the National Science Foundation. Some of the work is taken from theses submitted by R.F.B. and C.F.E. to the Graduate School, Purdue University, in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Ph.D. degree. W.H.M. was a postdoctoral research associate in the laboratory of S. P. Champe. (1969)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Cellular Physiology 74 (1969), S. 87-101 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-9541
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Infection of Escherichia coli: with T4 bacteriophage causes the appearance of a new valyl-tRNA synthetase activity associated with a molecule that, compared to the host enzyme, exhibits a greater resistance to denaturation by heat or urea, a larger molecular volume, a higher rate of sedimentation in sucrose gradients, a greater net positive charge, and a greater ability to charge yeast tRNA. No evidence has been found for similar changes in synthetase activity for the other amino acids. Appearance of the new activity requires continued protein synthesis and results from a modification of the preexisting host enzyme rather than de novo synthesis of a totally new enzyme. By 20 minutes after infection at 30°C, all of the host enzyme has been converted into the new form. Phage mutants have been isolated that fail to effect a normal conversion. The properties of these mutants suggest that conversion involves the addition, to the host enzyme, of a protein specified by the phage genome. Drastic reduction of phage-induced activity in one of these mutants does not interfere detectably with phage development in a normal host, suggesting that the presence of the new activity is not essential for normal phage production.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jcp.1040740408
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  • 164
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    Internal perfusion of crayfish giant axons: Action of tannic acid, DDT, and tea (1969)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Cellular Physiology 74 (1969), S. 77-90 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-9541
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Crayfish giant axons remain viable following internal perfusion with a mixture of fluoride and citrate salts. The relative favorability of various internal anions, and the dependence of resting and action potentials on internal cations are both similar to results on internally perfused squid axons. TEA widens the falling phase of the spike only from inside the axon, while DDT is active from either side of the membrane. Records of impedance changes show that effects of TEA and DDT on components of ionic conductances are similar to those found in other axons by voltage clamp measurements.Tannic acid perfused internally at a concentration of the order of 10 μM produces spontaneous activity, and a progressive increase in spike width. After 30 minutes, action potentials are “cardiac” type and are up to several minutes in duration. Records of impedance changes, and data from rapid changes in external ionic concentrations, suggest that the plateau phase of the spike is due to a maintained increase in sodium conductance. Since tannic acid is capable of crosslinking proteins and “rigidifying” protein monolayers, it is suggested that its effects on the axon may be the result of an interference with a conformational change in a membrane protein or protein-phospholipid complex during excitation.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jcp.1040740111
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    A new approach to determination of the nucleotide sequence of a viral RNADiscussion paper presented by C. Weissmann.This project is supported by grants from the Schweizerische Nationalfonds (no. 4347, 4589, and 5272 to C.W.; FN 5209-3 to Prof. A. Tissières; and FN 5205-3 to Prof. R. Epstein); the British Science Research Council and NATO (to J.H.); the Jane Coffin Childs Fund (no. 243 to C.W.); and the American Cancer Society Inc. (no. PF 356-A to J.D. and PF 432 to H.M.G.). (1969)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Cellular Physiology 74 (1969), S. 197-204 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-9541
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: A Qβ RNA segment was produced in vitro by means of a synchronized minus-strand-directed synthesis using purified Qβ replicase, a reaction known to yield infectious Qβ RNA. Arguments are presented that a 5.5S product obtained by incubation for 30 seconds at 20°C corresponds to the 5′-terminal region of Qβ RNA. After obtaining and sequencing 26 T1 and 21 pancreatic RNase products, we established 3′ nearest neighbors by using products labeled with only one nucleoside [α-32P]triphosphate at a time. The ordering of the oligonucleotides was facilitated by observing the time of their appearance in products from incubations of 5, 10, 15, 20, and 25 seconds. The enzymatic product consists of 160 nucleotides; no known initiation triplet appears before the sixtieth nucleotide. There is no indication that the coat protein cistron starts within the RNA segment analyzed.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
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    Subunits of E. coli RNA polymerase in function and structure (1969)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Cellular Physiology 74 (1969), S. 223-224 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-9541
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jcp.1040740423
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  • 167
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    Studies of DNA-dependent RNA polymeraseThis research was sponsored by the U. S. Atomic Energy Commission under contract with Union Carbide Corporation. (1969)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Cellular Physiology 74 (1969), S. 205-218 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-9541
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: DNA-dependent RNA polymerase reacts with a nucleic acid to form a binary complex, which can be isolated by density gradient centrifugation or by millipore filtration techniques. Studies of the complex of Escherichia coli RNA polymerase and phage lambda DNA show that temperature and ribonucloside triphosphates do not affect the extent of binding. The binary complex is very sensitive to ionic strength. Enzyme bound in the complex exchanges with free enzyme. In the presence of Mg2+, the lambda DNA becomes saturated with enzyme when 2.5 μg have been bound per microgram of DNA. Transfer RNA and synthetic polyribonucleotides also react with the enzyme at 0°C. In the presence of divalent cation at low ionic strength, the main complex of the enzyme and a polyribonucleotide has a sedimentation value of 15S. In the absence of divalent cation, or at higher ionic strength, the value is 13S. Polyuridylate and polycytidylate have a greater affinity for the enzyme than polyadenylate or transfer RNA. An interesting question regarding the specificity of interaction of RNA polymerase with native DNA is whether any of the RNA chains made have the sequence AUG, the principal N-formylmethionine codon, at the 5′ termini. Studies with T7 DNA show that, under conditions of high ionic strength, 24% of the RNA chains start August.
    Additional Material: 11 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jcp.1040740421
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  • 168
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    Masthead (1969)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Cellular Physiology 74 (1969) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-9541
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jcp.1040740301
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  • 169
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    Genetics of somatic mammalian cells. IX. Quantitation of mutagenesis by physical and chemical agentsFrom the Eleanor Roosevelt Institute for Cancer Research and the Department of Biophysics (Contribution No. 377), University of Colorado Medical Center, Denver, Colorado. This investigation was aided by USPHS Grant No. 5 PO1 HD02080 from the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development; American Cancer Society Grant No. T-482; and Grant DRG-337 from the Damon Runyon Memorial Fund. (1969)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Cellular Physiology 74 (1969), S. 245-257 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-9541
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: The system previously described for inducing single gene mutations in Chinese hamster cells has been extended to produce additional auxotrophic mutants. An improved method for quantitating the efficiency of single gene mutation to specific auxotrophies has been developed. Mutagenesis in the forward direction has been measured after treatment of these cells with ethyl methanesulfonate, N-methyl-N1-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine, hydroxylamine, an acridine mustard (ICR-191), caffeine and ultraviolet- and X-irradiation. For each agent, the single cell survival curve and the efficiency of chromatid breakage and rearrangement were measured. Similar measurements were also carried out with a water-soluble carcinogen N-nitrosomethylurea, which was shown to be effective in producing auxotrophic, somatic mutations. These results offer promise of illuminating the relationships between cell killing, chromosomal aberration, single gene mutations and carcinogenesis produced by various agents. The methods described can be used in routine testing of drugs, food additives, and environmental pollutants for mutagenic action in mammalian cells in vitro.
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  • 170
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    Permeability and photoxidative damage of membrane enzymes (1969)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Cellular Physiology 74 (1969), S. 259-271 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-9541
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: The pattern of photodynamic damage of pig erythrocyte and rat brain microsomal ATPases and erythrocyte acetylcholinesterases has been studied, using rose bengal as photosensitizer. Of these enzymes the Na+-K+-Mg2+-ATPase, believed to be associated with active transport, is very much more sensitive to damage than are the Mg2+-ATPase and the erythrocyte acetylcholinesterase. Earlier photoxidative studies of the haemolysis of erythrocytes have shown that ion movements occur in two phases which are dependent on the duration of exposure to light and it is suggested that these are correlated with the differential sensitivity of these membrane enzymes.The ATPases of the brain microsomal preparation were more sensitive to photodynamic damage during preincubation at 0°C, i.e. in the absence of substrate. Raising the preincubation temperature to 37°C protected both enzymes, the inactivation of the Na+-K+-Mg2+-ATPase being markedly reduced. The presence of substrate during pre-incubation at 0°C also protects both enzymes, especially the Mg2+-ATPase. These interacting effects of temperature and substrate are compared with the known different temperature sensitivities of these two enzymes.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jcp.1040740306
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  • 171
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    The influence of conditioned media and nonessential amino acid supplementation on the growth of cells in vitroThis investigation was supported by U.S. Public Health Service Research Grant AI 01267 from the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases. (1969)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Cellular Physiology 74 (1969), S. 299-306 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-9541
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: The growth enhancing effect of media conditioned by cells from established lines (BHK and L60) is comparable to that of media conditioned by cells of primary origin (chick embryo). However, the properties of the conditioned media from these two systems show marked differences: the growth enhancing factors in the former are dialyzable and heat-stable, in contrast to the non-dialyzable and heat-labile factors in the latter.Media conditioned for only four hours by BHK or L60 cells stimulated cell growth. Amino acid analyses revealed that non-essential amino acids had appeared in these conditioned media.To verify this as the metabolic basis of conditioning by cells from established lines, media containing dialyzed serum were supplemented with each of six non-essential amino acids, and assayed on BHK and L60 at various population densities. Serine was the most stimulatory and alanine the most inhibitory of the amino acids tested.Mixed supplementation of the medium showed that when low levels of alanine and serine were added simultaneously, cell growth was enhanced but any increase in the level of alanine required an increase in the level of serine also to achieve growth stimulation.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
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  • 172
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    Density dependent inhibition of cell growth in cultures of primary and established lines of cells (1969)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Cellular Physiology 74 (1969), S. 307-314 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-9541
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: The effect of cell crowding on DNA synthesis (incorporation of 3HTdR and 32PO4) was studied by an improved method in monolayers of secondary cells and established cell lines, either normal or transformed by viruses or carcinogens. The method was based mainly on pulse labeling of cultures of cells a few hours after their seeding in equal numbers onto areas of different size in identical dishes, a condition which ensured equal physiological conditions and different degrees of crowding of cells.DNA synthesis was hardly inhibited in crowded monolayers of secondary chick, mouse and hamster embryo cells. The incorporation of radioactive thymidine and phosphate into DNA of cell lines such as BHK 21, 3T3/SV40 and L929 was strongly inhibited. An SV40-transformed line of hamster kidney cells (HKT7) synthetized DNA equally well in sparse as in crowded monolayers. In lines of human amnion (FL) and BHK 21 cells which were more extensively studied the degree of inhibition of DNA synthesis was inversely proportional to their density.Autoradiography after 3HTdR pulse-labeling indicated that the same proportion of cell nuclei were labeled in sparse and in crowded cultures. The extent of labeling (number of grains per nucleus) was lower in crowded cultures of those cells that also showed inhibition of incorporation of this label as measured by scintillation. The inhibition is thus expressed in retardation of DNA synthesis in cells in S phase rather than arresting it in a larger percentage of cells.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jcp.1040740311
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  • 173
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    Divalent cation activation of flagellar ATP-phosphohydrolase from bull spermThis work was supported by U.S.P.H.S. General Research Support Grant 9833 and by U.S.P.H.S. grants 5T1-GM-206, GM-06815 and HD-03266-01. (1969)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Cellular Physiology 74 (1969), S. 315-321 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-9541
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: The apparently inconsistent reports on flagellar ATPase properties may be resolved by elimination of adenylate kinase from the system. Removal of the adenylate kinase from alkaline M/2 KCl extracts of bull sperm flagella yields a spermosin-ATPase which liberates only the terminal phosphate of ATP. In any case spermosin is preferentially activated by calcium. However, combination of spermosin with flactin (e.g., by addition of digitonin and MgCl2 to the extraction medium) produces an ATPase much more highly activated by magnesium. But flactospermosin has so far resisted purification from its adenylate kinase contaminant. In divalent cation activation, pH optima and nature of ATP hydrolysis, the flagellar contractile protein system closely parallels the muscle system.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jcp.1040740312
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  • 174
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    Introduction (1969)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Cellular Physiology 74 (1969), S. vii 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-9541
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jcp.1040740402
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  • 175
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    The induction of tRNA synthesis following T4 phage infectionThis work was supported in part by U.S. Public Health Service research grant RO5-TW-00260 and by agreement 455114. (1969)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Cellular Physiology 74 (1969), S. 71-80 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-9541
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: T4 bacteriophage infection of E. coli B cells induces the formation of 4S RNA molecules that specifically hybridize with T4 DNA. The T4 4S RNA extracted from the hybrid was found to contain pseudouridylic acid, suggesting that some of this RNA might have amino acid acceptor function. In order to study the amino acid acceptor capacity of the T4 4S RNA, two procedures were devised. The first one involved the isolation and purification of specific 4S RNA-DNA hybrids in a manner that avoided the use of RNase and permitted the extraction of biologically active tRNA from the hybrid. It was found that a significant fraction of the T4 4S RNA isolated by this method had amino acid acceptor activity. This was shown by assaying with a mixture of 15 14C-labeled amino acids or with [14C]leucine alone.In the second method, T4 N-acetyl[3H]aminoacyl-tRNA was prepared in order to stabilize the aminoacyl-tRNA ester bond. T4 N-acetyl[3H]leucyl-tRNA was incubated with T4 DNA in the presence of 50% formamide at 30°C. Sephadex G-200 chromatography revealed that a significant fraction of the N-acetyl[3H]leucyl-tRNA hybridized with the T4 DNA. Another procedure involved the hybridization of N-acetyl[3H]-aminoacyl-tRNA with T4 DNA at 70°C in a citrate buffer in the absence of formamide. The annealing mixture also contained a 20-fold excess of uncharged E. coli tRNA. The hybrid-containing solution was loaded onto nitrocellulose filters and treated with T1 RNase. At this point, the T4 tRNA was found to contain leucine-, arginine-, isoleucine-, and possibly tyrosine-specific chains.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jcp.1040740406
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  • 176
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    Transfer RNA's in human leukemia (1969)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Cellular Physiology 74 (1969), S. 149-153 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-9541
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jcp.1040740412
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  • 177
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    Decreased neutrophils and megakaryocytes in anemic mice of genotype W/Wv (1969)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Cellular Physiology 73 (1969), S. 25-30 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-9541
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: The concentration of neutrophils and megakaryocytes was determined in the marrow of anemic mice of genotype W/Wv and their normal (+/+) litter mates. In all groups studied, the humerus of W/Wv mice contained significantly less neutrophils and megakaryocytes than did normal animals. Blood neutrophil concentration was less in all groups of W/Wv mice but in only one group which was the youngest group studied, did this value differ significantly from normal.The blood and marrow neutrophil response to endotoxin was similar in W/Wv and “+/+” animals. This suggests that the neutrophilic system of W/Wv mice responds to this stimulus in a relatively normal manner, much as their erythroid system responds to hypoxia, and androgens.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jcp.1040730104
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  • 178
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    Cell electrophoretic mobility and cationic fluxSupported in part by grant P-403A from the American Cancer Society. (1969)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Cellular Physiology 73 (1969), S. 31-36 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-9541
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: The net negativity of the surfaces of Ehrlich ascites cells was reduced by treating them with either neuraminidase or ribonuclease. Neither enzyme treatment affected the Na+ or K+ content of the cells, before or after cooling at 4°C. Experiments with K42 revealed a reduction (9.5 to 17%) in unidirectional K+-fluxes following incubation with neuraminidase, but no change after ribonuclease-treatment. Our data suggest that surface anionic sites associated with RNA and sialic acid moieties are not of major quantitative importance in regulating either intracellular Na+ and K+ concentrations, or unidirectional transmembrane K+-flux. Our results do not enable us to determine whether ion-binding to anionic sites at the electro-kinetic surface is not an essential prerequisite to transmembrane movement, or whether it is essential, but occurs through the 40% of cell surface net negativity which is unaffected by ribonuclease- and neuraminidase-treatment.
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  • 179
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    Ribonucleic acid within the extracellular matrix during embryonic tooth formationThis work was supported by the National Institute for Dental Research, United States Public Health Service, grants DE-01177-09 and DE-02768-01. (1969)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Cellular Physiology 73 (1969), S. 179-190 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-9541
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: During embryonic tooth formation, interactions between epithelial and mesenchymal cells results in the formation of a metachromatic interface or extracellular matrix. The cervical or germinative region of this epidermal organ system is populated by an increasing gradient of cellular differentiation and an extracellular matrix which is the progenitor for subsequent dentine organic matrix formation. Embryonic rabbit tooth primordia can be maintained in culture enabling kinetic studies of labeled precursor incorporation. Autoradiographs of tooth organ cultures continusly incubated with labeled uridine for periods up to eight hours, demonstrated initial cellular incorporation with subsequent transfer of 2% of the grain density to the extracellular matrix by four hours. The grain density was removed by ribonuclease treatment. No incorporation of tritiated thymidine into the matrix was observed. The incorporation of C14-uridine during organ culture was inhibited by actinomycin D. Micrurgy was employed to isolate the extracellular matrix free of adherent cells. Electron microscopy demonstrated membrane-bound, electron dense bodies within the matrix, presumably cytoplasmic extensions. No cells per se were observed on the isolated matrix. Several experimental criteria suggested that uridine incorporation into the extracellular matrix was regulated by epithelial and mesenchymal cells. Phenol extraction procedures of labeled cervical matrices demonstrated an ultraviolet absorption maximum at 260 μU. Both spectrophotometric determinations and orcinol assays found RNA to be 0.4-0.5% of the cervical extracellular matrix.These results are interpreted to indicate that RNA is a component of the metachromatic extracellular matrix during epithelio-mensenchymal interactions associated with tooth formation. The functional significance of these observations is premature at this time.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jcp.1040730304
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  • 180
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    Relationship between uridine kinase activity and rate of incorporation of uridine into acid-soluble pool and into RNA during growth cycle of rat hepatoma cells (1969)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Cellular Physiology 73 (1969), S. 233-249 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-9541
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Uridine kinase activity measured in cell-free extracts of Novikoff rat hepatoma cells grown in suspension culture fluctuates about 10 fold during the growth cycle of the cells. Maximum specific activity (units/106 cells) is observed early in the exponential phase and then decreases progressively until the stationary phase. The rate of incorporation of uridine into the acid-soluble pool by intact cells fluctuates in a similar manner and both the rate of uridine incorporation by intact cells and the uridine kinase actvity of the cells increase several fold before cell division commences following dilution of stationary phase cultures with freshmedium. Regardless of the stage of growth, uridine is rapidly phosphorylated to the triphosphate level by the cells.The rates of incorporation of uridine into the nucleotide pool and into RNA by intact cells fluctuate in a similar manner during the growth cycle. However, evidence is presented that indicates that alterations in the rate of incorporation of uridine into RNA are not simply due to changes in the rate of phosphorylation of uridine, but are regulated independently.Inhibition of protein synthesis by treating cells with puromycin or actidione causes a marked inhibition of incorporation of uridine into RNA, but has little effect on the phosphorylation of uridine to UTP for several hours. Thus the depression of incorporation of uridine into RNA probably reflects a decrease in the rate of RNA synthesis as a result of inhibition of protein synthesis. Inhibition of RNA synthesis by treating cells with actinomycin D does not affect the rate of conversion of uridine to UTP and thus results in the accumulation of labeled UTP in treated cells.
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  • 181
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    Mitochondrial damage and inhibition of respiration in animal cell cultures treated with Triton WR-1339This work was supported by a Biomedical Science Award from the University of Maryland. (1969)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Cellular Physiology 74 (1969), S. 67-76 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-9541
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Inhibition of cellular respiration by treatment with the nonionic detergent Triton WR-1339 was found to be related to the cytotoxic response of cell to the surfactant. Respiration of sensitive cell lines (AV-3 and HeLa) markedly inhibited by Triton concentrations as low as 125 μgm/ml. Conditionally sensitive lines (BHK-21 and L-929) were affected by 500 μgm/ml while the respiration of insensitive cultures (primary rat and chick embryo cells) was unaffected by this concentration. Macrocyclon, a cyclic analogue of Triton, failed to alter the respiration rate of any of the above cell cultures.The levels of isocitric and succinic dehydrogenases in sensitive and conditionally sensitive cells were depressed within 2 hours after treatment with 500 μgm/ml of Triton was initiated and by 6 hours the activity was only 25% of the untreated controls. Similar results were obtained with mitochondrial preparations from these cells. Enzyme levels in insensitive cells were unaffected by Triton treatment.Mitochondrial damage was the most striking characteristic noted in treated cells examined by electron microscopy. The mitochondria were quite distorted and had lost most of their cristae formation. This mitochondrial damage was seen in all cell types examined although the rate at which it occurred varied. With sensitive cultures, damage was pronounced within 6 hours after the addition of Triton while mitochondria from conditionally sensitive cells were not grossly affected until 48 hours and they appeared to repair the damage following the removal of Triton.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jcp.1040740110
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  • 182
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    Luteotropic complex of the mouse (1969)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 163 (1969), S. 373-387 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Pregnant mice were hypophysectomized on day 6 and injected subcutaneously with various hormones from days 6 to 9 to establish the minimal requirements for the maintenance of functional corpora lutea. Luteal activity was assessed by the maintenance of pregnancy, weight of embryonic swellings, mean diameter and morphology of corpora lutea, and vaginal histology.Treatment with 2 mg progesterone maintained pregnancy but not corpora lutea in three of five animals. However, the embryonic swellings were significantly (P 〈 0.0005) smaller than those of pregnant control animals. Pregnancy was maintained in all animals when progesterone was combined with 1 μg of estrone. The weights of embryonic swellings and the degree of vaginal mucification in the combined steroid group were similar to those of intact control animals.Treatment with either ovine prolactin, bovine LH, ovine FSH or estrone failed to maintain corpora lutea or pregnancy. Combined injection of prolactin with LH or estrone did not maintain pregnancy or corpora lutea. On the other hand, treatment with 500 μg of prolactin and 200 μg of FSH maintained pregnancy in 12 of 14 animals. All of the aforementioned parameters of luteal activity were comparable to values in intact, control animals.The data indicate that luteal function in the mouse during the early post-implantation period requires a luteotropic complex rather than a single hormone. Prolactin and FSH constitute the minimal luteotropic complex in the pregnant mouse. The luteotropic activity of FSH was not due to its contamination with LH and the effect of FSH was apparently not mediated through estrogen secretion, since pregnancy was not maintained by prolactin and estrone.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091630303
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  • 183
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    Reconstitution of the external granular layer of the cerebellar cortex in infant rats after low-level X-irradiation (1969)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 163 (1969), S. 453-471 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The heads of three-day old rats were irradiated with a single dose of 200 r x-ray and the animals were killed afterwards at intervals ranging from ten minutes to five days. Necrosis in the external granular layer of the cerebellum was evident by the fourth hour and the pyknotic cells increased in number up to 12 hours after irradiation. Between 24 to 48 hours all the pyknotic cells disappeared and the width of the layer was drastically reduced. By the third day after irradiation the external granular layer began to increase in width, and by the fourth day it was indistinguishable from normal. In adults of this group the cerebellum appeared structurally normal. In another experiment the cerebellum of rats was exposed from birth onward to 200 r on five successive days. In the animals killed immediately or one day after the last radiation session the external granular layer was totally or subtotally eradicated. In the animals surviving for four days the external granular layer reappeared over many regions of the cerebellum, and by the sixth day after irradiation it was present over its entire surface. In the latter group in animals that survived to 30 and 90 days of age the cerebellum contained a large, though subnormal, population of granule cells, indicating that the reconstituted cells were able to differentiate. These results suggested that the proliferative matrix of the postnatally developing cerebellum may be endowed with regenerative capacity.
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  • 184
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    Effect of age on alkaline phosphomonoesterase activity in the adrenals of male miceThis research was supported by National Institutes of Health grant NB-03021. (1969)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 163 (1969), S. 473-482 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: This investigation was undertaken to examine the effects of aging on alkaline phosphomonoesterase (Alk Pase) activity in the adrenals of a highly inbred strain of C57BL/10 male mice. A total of 140 male mice were assigned to seven main groups and sacrificed at 1, 4, 8, 12, 16, 20 and 24 months of age for biochemical and morphologic evaluations of adrenal Alk Pase activity. The biochemical findings indicated that while aging may result in a decrease of serum and liver Alk Pase activity, enzyme activity in the adrenals of male mice increases to a maximum level at approximately eight months of age and subsequently decreases at each successive age level. The histochemical findings revealed that the highest concentrations of enzyme activity occurred in the fascicular and reticular zones of sexually mature male mice. There were no major variations in zonal distribution with advancing age. Electron microscopy showed Alk Pase activity along membranes of cortical cells and within the subendothelial space.The progressive increase in Alk Pase enzyme activity up to eight months of age, and the subsequent fall in activity during senescence as well as its absence in the adrenals of female mice provides further support for a role of androgen in mobilizing cortical alkaline phosphomonoesterase activity.
    Additional Material: 17 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091630309
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  • 185
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    A comparison of alveolar macrophages and pulmonary surfactant(?) Obtained from the lungs of human smokers and nonsmokers by endobronchial lavageSupported by research grants from NIH (HE 09491-03, HE 12571-01 and I-ROI-GM-14435-02) and from the Council for Tobacco Research U.S.A. (1969)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 163 (1969), S. 497-507 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Endobronchial lavage was performed on eight smokers and eight nonsmokers. Centrifugation of lavage fluid produces a sediment consisting of two layers, a lower compact brown layer containing cells and an upper flocculent white layer. The brown layers from the smokers were greater in volume than those from the nonsmokers. Macrophages constituted about 93% of the cells from the smokers and about 63% of the cells from the nonsmokers. These data suggest that more free macrophages occur in the lungs of smokers than nonsmokers. In addition, many of the macrophages obtained from the smokers were filled with cytoplasmic inclusions. The volumes of white layers from the smokers were smaller than those from the non-smokers. One white layer obtained from a nonsmoker was examined in a Wilhelmy balance and proved to be surface-active. This may suggest that surface-active material, pulmonary surfactant, is reduced in lavage fluids from smokers.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091630402
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  • 186
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    Deciduomal response of the golden hamster uterus (1969)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 163 (1969), S. 563-573 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The deciduomal response to uterine trauma in pesudopregnant hamsters has been studied. Trauma was effected in one uterine horn by leaving a sterile silk thread in the lumen, pulling a thread through the lumen, injecting oil or air into the lumen or crushing the horn with a hemostat. At autopsy the traumatized and untraumatized horns were weighed separately and examined histologically for a deciduomal reaction. The day of greatest uterine sensitivity was found to be day 4 of pseudopregnancy, and maximal deciduomal growth (mean uterine weight ± S.E. = 2582 ± 279 mg) occurred by day 8. No significant further increase in uterine weight was seen by day 9, and by day 10 separation of the deciduoma from the myometrium had begun. Leaving a thread in the uterine lumen produced a significantly greater uterine weight by day 8 than with any other stimulus, but good deciduomal responses (uterine weights of 1679 ± 245, 1255 ± 156 and 1192 ± 219 mg) were induced by oil injection, pulling a thead through the uterus and crushing the uterus respectively. A poor reponse was produced by air injection. At no particular time during day 4 of pseudopregnancy was it possible to demonstrate a peak of uterine sensitivity using as a traumatic stimulus either oil injection or pulling a thread through the lumen. In this respect hamsters differ from both rats and mice, which have well defined peaks of maximal uterine sensitivity.
    Additional Material: 6 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091630408
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  • 187
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    Fine structure of the resorptive cells in the teeth of frogsThis investigation was supported by Public Health Service Research grant DE 02201 from the National Institute of Dental Research. (1969)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 164 (1969), S. 1-13 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Teeth undergoing resorption were dissected from the maxillae of frogs and prepared for electron microscopy using standard methods and methods designed to minimize demineralization. The resorptive cells overlapped one another, forming palisades. A central ruffled border was surrounded by a relatively structureless cytoplasmic “seal.” Crystals of mineral were present in the folds of the ruffled borders, and demineralized collagen fibrils were seen in the adjacent matrix in sections treated to prevent demineralization. The surfaces of the cells opposite the ruffled borders displayed numerous small villi.The cytoplasm of the resorptive cells contained a variety of lysosomes in various stages of development, mitochondria, scattered vesicles of endoplasmic reticulum and free ribosomes. Well developed Golgi zones were frequently seen, and occasional sections passed through centrioles. Two centrioles were commonly seen in such sections, but never more. Occasional patches of cytoplasm contained mitochondria and rough-surfaced endoplasmic reticulum, resembling “blast” cell cytoplasm.We concluded that the resorptive cells of several mineralized tissues of various vertebrates are morphologically, indistinguishable.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091640101
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  • 188
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    Ultrastructure of uterine smooth muscle following progesterone or progesterone-estrogen treatmentSupported by USPHS grants AM-08029, HD-01357 avid HD-00606. The investigators are grateful to Dr. Norman Sulkin for making the electron microscope available. (1969)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 163 (1969), S. 121-131 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The ultrastructural effect of progesterone, alone and in combination with estrogen, on smooth muscle cells of the rat uterus was studied. Adult, bilaterally ovariectomized rats were untreated (controls) or treated with either progesterone (1 mg), estrogen (1 μg) or both on three consecutive days.Uterine muscle cells appeared larger and myofilaments more abundant in the progesterone-treated rats than in the other groups of animals. Many micropinocytotic vesicles and several dense bodies were present in muscle cells of control, progesterone and estrogen-progesterone-treated rats. In the progestrone-treated group, smooth muscle cells contained little granular endoplasmic reticulum and few ribosomes and glycogen particles, similar to the controls. Mitochondria were more numerous than in the control animals but similar to those seen in the estrogen or estrogen-progesterone-treated rats. Although an accumulation of granular endoplasmic reticulum, free ribosomes, glycogen particles and extensive Golgi complexes occurred in both estrogen and estrogen-progesterone-treated rats, they were more extensive in the former group.The observations indicate that progesterone alters the ultrastructure of the smooth muscle cells but not to the degree observed following estrogen stimulation. It does not markedly inhibit the effect of estrogen on the fine structure of the uterine smooth muscle cells. These observations support previous biochemical studies on glycogen concentration, RNA and protein synthesis in the rat uterus.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091630114
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  • 189
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    The significance of intramedullary cancellous bone formation in the repair of bone marrow tissueThese studies were aided with funds from the Atomic Energy Commission contract AT (30-1) 3808 and U. S. Public Health Service grant AM 12444-01 from the National Institute of Arthritis and Metabolic Diseases. (1969)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 164 (1969), S. 101-111 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The repair of hemopoietic bone marrow following evacuation of the tibial or femoral cavity of the rat was sequentially studied with the light microscope. A stereotyped train of histologic events occurred. These were capillary invasion of the cavity, appearance of primitive mesenchymal cells, osteoblastic proliferation, cancellous bone formation, development of sinusoids, reappearance of hemopoietic tissue and resorption of cancellous bone. The studies suggest that restoration of marrow sinusoids takes place only in the interstices of cancellous bone. Mechanical disruption of the sinusoidal system is one method of triggering cancellous bone formation. The cancellous bone which appeared after injury was thought to be produced by endosteal osteoblasts and osteoblasts derived from cells residing in normal hemopoietic tissue. Localized radiation of the tibia followed by mechanical disruption of hemopoietic tissue demonstrated that cancellous bone production and the repair process were unimpaired by 1,000 r but were completely blocked by 4,000 r. This would imply that the cell which can differentiate into an osteoblast is resistant to 1,000 r.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091640107
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  • 190
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    Masthead (1969)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 165 (1969) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091650101
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  • 191
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    Ultrastructure of the placenta and fetal membranes of the dog I. The placental labyrinthSupported by national institutes of health grant HD-00277. A part of this material was presented at the annual meetings of the American Association of Anatomists (Anderson, '66) (1969)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 165 (1969), S. 15-35 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The ultrastucture of the canine placental labyrinth has been studied at 40 to 60 days of gestation. Cytotrophoblasts persist in an undifferentiated state throughout gestation, with numerous polyribosomes and little rough endoplasmic reticulum, with expanded cisterns containing flocculent precipitate. Fetal capillaries progressively invade the syncytium, without, however, penetrating the basal lamina. Maternal decidual cells are reported here for the first time in this species. The maternal endothelium is considerably hypertrophied, with many profiles of membranous organelles; but there is consideriable thinning of this endothelium between 50 and 60 days. The interstitial membrane intervenes between trophoblast and maternal endothelium, often forming the thickest part of te barrier at 60 days. the definitive endotheliochorial condition is confirmed; and the thinnest barrier is about 1 μ.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091650103
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  • 192
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    Structural luteolysis of induced corpora lutea in “androgen-sterilized” ratsJournal paper no. 3487, Purdue University Agricultural Experiment Station. Supported in part by grant HD-2423 from the U. S. Public Health Service. (1969)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 165 (1969), S. 55-60 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Five-day-old female rats were made anovulatory by injection of 50 μg testosterone propionate. When the animals were at least 120 days old, corpora lutea (CL) were induced by injection of human chorionic gonadotrophin (HCG). Various treatments were initiated 15 days after HCG and the morphological regression of induced CL was examined 30 days after HCG. Structural luteolysis was very slight in control animals, suggesting that prolactin secretion was minimal. Exogenous prolactin hastened the rate of luteal regression. Daily injections of estradiol or reserpine also caused rapid structural luteolysis. Destruction of the arcuate nucleus of the hypothalamus also induced morphological regression at a more rapid rate than in controls. In conclusion, exogenous prolactin or three different treatments known to promote secretion of endogenous prolactin accelerated the rate of luteal regression in induced CL.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091650106
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  • 193
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    Introduction (1969)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 165 (1969), S. 107-108 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091650113
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  • 194
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    The The non-thymic origin of lymphocytes (1969)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 165 (1969), S. 109-112 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091650114
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  • 195
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    The role of lymphocytes in antibody formation and delayed-type hypersensitivity (1969)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 165 (1969), S. 117-119 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091650116
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  • 196
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    Masthead (1969)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 165 (1969) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091650201
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  • 197
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    Ultrastructure of schwann and perineural sheaths at the mouse neuromuscular junction (1969)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 164 (1969), S. 379-390 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Intramuscular nerve branches are covered by a complex of epithelial sheaths which decrease in thickness and complexity as the nerves branch to reach ultimate termination of neuromuscular junctions. The outermost layer (epineurium) of intramuscular nerves is composed of thin processes of fibrocytes lacking basement lamina and associated with parallel bundles of collagen. Internal to this layer are two or three layers of interdigitating perineural cells covered with basement lamina. The innermost layer is frequently incompletely covered by basement lamina within the perineural sheath. Schwann cells covered with basement lamina enclose myelinated and unmyelinated axons.In the region of neuromuscular junctions, the basement lamina of Schwann cell processes merge with the myofiber basement lamina. Thin perineural cell processes form a bell-shaped covering which does not reach the muscle basement lamina. The relationships of myelin to the axon as the terminal axon emerges from the Schwann cell closely resembles the relationships of these structures in nodes of Ranvier.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091640401
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  • 198
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    Stratified squamous metaplasia of the uterine epithelium in early androgen-treated rats and its inhibition by light deprivationSupported by grant HD-02937 U. S. P. H. S. (1969)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 164 (1969), S. 479-487 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Rats, having been given a single subcutaneous injection of testosterone propionate at four days of age, exhibited polyfollicular ovaries, extensive stratified squamous uterine metaplasia and persistent vaginal cornification (90-95% of the smears contained cornified cells) after adulthood was attained. If early androgentreated rats were blinded at 22 days of age the number of vesicular follicles in the ovaries of adults was greatly diminished, the incidence and extent of stratified squamous metaplastic lesions were suppressed and the number of vaginal smears containing cornified cells was reduced by about 50%. The effects of blinding, however, were negated by pinealectomy illustrating that the suppressive influence of light deprivation on reproduction was mediated by way of the pineal gland.
    Additional Material: 1 Tab.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091640406
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  • 199
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    Fine structure of the dermal luminescent organs, photophores, in the fish, Porichthys notatusThis investigation was supported by USPHS predoctoral fellowship number 5-F1-GM-29.402, and in part by USPHS training grant GM 136, and is a portion of the work submitted to the University of Washington Graduate School in partial fulfillment of the requirements for a Ph.D. degree. (1969)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 164 (1969), S. 433-461 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Photophores in Porichthys notatus consist of a cellular lens, an underlying area of photogenic tissue and a deep ensheathing reflector. Lens cells exhibit a dense compacted filamentous cytoplasm. Their processes interdigitate and desmosomes exist along their borders. The photogenic tissue, richly supplied by blood vessels, consists of two main cell types: (1) a presumed “photogenic” cell; and (2) a supportive cell. Photogenic cells are characterized by a highly vesiculated cytoplasm and peripheral microvilli. Frequently, they exhibit lamellar membranous whorls. Some whorls display cytoplasmic cores with vesicles. Many of these vesicles communicate via pores with an extracellular channel that envelops the cells. Supportive cells contain cytoplasmic filaments and extend processes around the photogenic cells. Except for isolated desmosomal contact points, a wide extracellular channel intervenes between supportive and photogenic cells. A prominent basal lamina separates supportive cells from the surrounding connective tissue. The strongly birefringent reflector is composed primarily of cells containing guanine crystals. The crystals lie stacked in groups, each membrane-bounded crystal being separated from its neighbor by an intervening layer of cytoplasm. Such an arrangement produces constructive interference and accounts for the high reflectivity of this multilayered structure. Possible relationships of the above structural features and the production of light are discussed.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091640404
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  • 200
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    Nuclear and cytoplasmic annulate lamellae in trophoblast giant cells of rat placentaSupported by a Research Grant from the National Institutes of Health (HD-00569) (1969)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 165 (1969), S. 1-13 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Single stranded profiles of nuclear annulate lamellae were identified in giant cells of rat trophoblast from the day when the chorioallantoic placenta first becomes vascularized, viz., day 12 post coitum, until the day before term, viz., day 22. Cytoplasmic annulate lamellae were observed only in giant cells from placentas at day 12. Occasionally cytoplasmic annulate lamellae were found in parallel array. Often the lamellar membranes were continuous with both granular and agranular membranes of endoplasmic reticulum; they closely resembled doubled outer nuclear membrane. Nuclear annulate lamellae resembled doubled inner nuclear membrane; and often the two were found in continuity. In addition, at later gestational ages (17 and 22 days), nuclear lamellae often were related anatomically to the variety of nuclear inclusions which characterize giant trophoblast cells during late pregnancy. A possible relationship of annulate lamellae to the synthesis of DNA, RNA and protein is considered.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091650102
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