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  • 1975-1979  (5,325)
  • 1965-1969  (6,371)
  • General Chemistry  (10,598)
  • Engineering General  (978)
  • Bone
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Year
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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Radiation-induced sarcomas of bone (1979)
    Springer
    Skeletal radiology 4 (1979), S. 72-78 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2161
    Keywords: Sarcomas ; Bone ; Neoplasms ; Radiation induced
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Historically, the literature reveals that the incidence of radiation induced bone sarcomas is very low. Details related to epidemiology cannot be identified, however, because of the difficulty of identifying precisely the patient population at risk for development of the radiation induced sarcoma. The change in character of practice in cancer management with ever increasing numbers of patients receiving both radiation therapy and chemotherapy should alert physicians to the potential for increased incidence of this rare and unusual tumor.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00349330
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Growth of embryonic chick tibiae in ovo and in vitro: A scanning electron microscope study (1979)
    Springer
    Calcified tissue international 27 (1979), S. 33-40 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Keywords: Chick embryo ; Bone ; Organ culture ; Scanning electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Physics
    Notes: Summary The study describes the ultrastructure of the mineralized portion of chick tibiae from 10 days in ovo to 2 days post-hatch. At 10 days a single mineralized cylinder surrounds the diaphysis. On its outer surface columnar trabeculae join to form ridges parallel to the long axis of the bone. These ridges are covered by another cylinder and form the haversian canals. At 11 days vascular invasion of the marrow cavity occurs and resorption of the endosteal surface begins. This type of periosteal deposition and endosteal resorption is repeated during and subsequent to embryonic development. The mineralized portion of 10-day chick tibiae cultured for 2 days in modified BGJ medium was compared with 10-, 11-, and 12-day tibiae in ovo. Cultured tibiae were similar in length and calcium content to 11-day tibiae in ovo. The form of mineral deposited in ovo and in culture was the same, namely, aggregates of spherical mineral clusters. Differences in culture included the following: (a) few concentric cylinders were deposited as compared with tibiae in ovo; (b) trabeculae were not arranged in rows and ridges in culture; (c) osteocytic lacunae were restricted to bases of trabeculae rather than uniformly distributed as in ovo; and (d) the endosteal surface of tibiae in culture appeared etched.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02441158
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    An ultrastructural study of the role of calcification nodules in the mineralization of woven bone (1979)
    Springer
    Calcified tissue international 27 (1979), S. 57-64 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Keywords: Bone ; Bone formation ; Calcification ; Calcification nodule ; EM
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Physics
    Notes: Summary Osteolathyrism has been used as an experimental model for the study of calcification nodules during the mineralization process. Periosteal exostoses developing in osteolathyrism characteristically have spherical basophilic structures (calcification nodules) in the vicinity of developing bone spicules. In thin sections, the nodules were seen scattered between collagen fibers in the intercellular matrix. Collagen fibers did not appear to be present within the nodules but sometimes were packed just outside them. Matrix vesicles were also present in areas of early mineralization. After EDTA decalcification, the majority of the nodules consisted of a fine granular material surrounded by an electron-dense peripheral zone. The peripheral dense zone was occasionally incomplete in small nodules in areas of early mineralization. An electron-dense central area could be observed in the center of the nodules. Evidence has been presented indicating that the calcification nodules arise from smaller mineralization foci, presumably matrix vesicles. The calcification nodules enlarge to approximately 1.0 µm in size, at which point development is slowed or halted allowing the formation of the peripheral dense zone. Although coalescence of nodules was observed, this was more a random event. The further mineralization of the trabeculae was achieved by the calcification of the collagen fibers. The mineralized trabeculae reflected this pattern of nodular and collagenous calcification. It is suggested that this pattern of calcification is characteristic of rapidly developing woven bone.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02441162
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    X-ray diffraction of the calcified tissues inPolypterus (1979)
    Springer
    Calcified tissue international 28 (1979), S. 37-42 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Keywords: X-ray diffraction ; Hydroxyapatite ; Whitlockite ; Fish (Pisces) ; Bone
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Physics
    Notes: Summary Pyrolyzed scales, fin spines, and bone from the ray-finned bony fishPolypterus (Actinopterygii) showed two mineral phases on X-ray diffraction: hydroxyapatite (HA), Ca5(PO4)3OH, and whitlockite, Ca3(PO4)2. The ratio of HA/whitlockite varied with the structure (scale, spine, bone) within each individual fish. The relative proportions of HA to whitlockite in pyrolyzed samples reflected the Ca/P ratio of the sample. Whitlockite appears after pyrolysis when the Ca/P is lower than 1.67. Among the five fish investigated, for each structure a general trend was noted. The proportion of HA relative to whitlockite increased with size (age) of the fish. Thus the smallest fish, a juvenile, exhibited a low Ca/P mineral in its calcified tissues, whereas the larger fish had progressively more HA and less whitlockite.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02441216
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Disordered mineral metabolism produced by ketogenic diet therapy (1979)
    Springer
    Calcified tissue international 28 (1979), S. 17-22 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Keywords: Anticonvulsant ; Ketogenic diet ; Calcium ; Vitamin D ; Bone
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Physics
    Notes: Summary Vitamin D and mineral metabolism status was examined in five children maintained chronically on combined ketogenic diet-anticonvulsant drug therapy (KG), and the results compared to those obtained in 18 patients treated with anticonvulsant drugs alone (AD) and 15 normal controls. KG patients exhibited biochemical findings of vitamin D deficiency osteomalacia: decreased serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25OHD) and calcium concentrations, elevated serum alkaline phosphatase and parathyroid hormone concentrations, decreased urinary calcium and increased urinary hydroxyproline excretion, and decreased bone mass. Although the KG and AD groups demonstrated similar reductions in serum 25OHD concentration, the KG patients exhibited a significantly greater reduction in bone mass. In response to vitamin D supplementation (5000 IU/day), mean bone mass in the KG group increased by 8.1±0.9% (P〈0.001) over a 12-month period. These results suggest that ketogenic diet and anticonvulsant drug therapy have additive deleterious effects on bone mass and that these effects are partially reversible by vitamin D treatment.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02441213
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of osteoclast activating factor from human lymphocytes on cyclic AMP concentrations in isolated mouse bone and bone cells (1979)
    Springer
    Calcified tissue international 28 (1979), S. 23-32 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Keywords: Bone ; Bone cells ; Cyclic AMP ; Osteoclast activating factor ; Lymphokine
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Physics
    Notes: Summary Osteoclast activating factor (OAF) is a lymphokine which may participate in the pathologic destruction of bone observed in a number of disorders. In the current studies, we investigated the action of OAF on cAMP accumulation by bones and isolated bone cells in culture. OAF was shown to stimulate accumulation of cAMP in mouse cranial bones at doses between 1 and 1000 ng/ml. Stimulation of bone resorption was observed in bones treated with the same doses of OAF. In order to investigate the cell types responsible for cAMP responses to OAF, we isolated bone cells and grew them in monolayer culture. The cells were isolated by a variety of techniques which separate bone cells into two types of parathyroid hormone (PTH)-responsive populations: (a) cells derived from the periosteal regions of the bone, which also respond to calcitonin with increases in cAMP; and (b) cells derived from the matrix, which do not respond to calcitonin. OAF caused elevation of cAMP levels in both the periosteum-derived cells and the matrix-derived cells. The magnitudes and time courses of OAF effects in these populations resembled the effects previously reported for PTH in the same populations. OAF stimulated adenyl cyclase in both types of cell populations, but did not produce significant changes in cAMP phosphodiesterase activity. OAF differed from PTH in that its effects on cAMP accumulation decreased sharply at supramaximal doses in both bone and isolated cells, especially in the matrix-derived populations. Bone resorption did not decrease as markedly as did cAMP accumulation at high doses of OAF, suggesting that cAMP accumulation and resorption could be dissociated under some conditions. These results indicate that OAF has effects on cAMP production in the same cell populations as PTH, and suggest that OAF could modify not only resorption but also formation of bone in vivo. OAF may exert its effects on bone by means of cAMP-dependent mechanisms, but more data will be necessary to establish this unequivocally. The observed differences between OAF and PTH may be of relevance in the mechanism and treatment of pathologic bone destruction in vivo.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02441214
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Bone metabolism, parathyroid hormone, and calcitonin in paraplegia (1979)
    Springer
    Calcified tissue international 27 (1979), S. 199-204 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Keywords: Bone ; Parathyroid hormone ; Calcitonin ; Osteoporosis ; Paraplegia ; Hydroxyproline
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Physics
    Notes: Summary In paraplegia, osteoporosis below the neurological lesion occurs early after the spinal cord affection. The serum levels of parathyroid hormone (PTH) and calcitonin (CT), using a radioimmunoassay for the measurement of immunoreactivity, were studied in 12 paraplegic patients for 9 months following onset. Serum Ca and P levels, urinary hydroxyproline excretion, and the kinetic metabolic clearance of45Ca have also been measured. P and immunoreactive (i) CT levels were found the highest at the beginning of the observation and progressively decreased with time. Ca and iPTH serum levels varied inversely with time, the highest level of Ca and the lowest level of iPTH being recorded at the third month following the paraplegia. Mean values of Ca, iPTH, and iCT were in the normal range throughout the study. P levels were increased during the first 3 months. Hydroxyprolinuria was also high and45Ca kinetics showed increased values of Vt, Vo+, and Vu. These parameters indicate a high degree of bone turnover. The results were consistent with the assumption that PTH is not responsible for the increased resorption of bone in paraplegia. Likewise, a deficiency of CT does not seem to be responsible for this bone resorption. These endocrine modifications could be secondary to an increase in the calcium flux from bone to blood and resulting from bone destruction as attested by the increase of urinary calcium and urinary hydroxyproline excretion.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02441186
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Bone maturation in the vitamin D, phosphate deficient rat and the response to acid loading (1979)
    Springer
    Calcified tissue international 27 (1979), S. 233-237 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Keywords: Bone ; Vitamin D ; Acidosis ; Phosphate
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Physics
    Notes: Summary Vitamin D and phosphate deficiency were produced in rats in order (a) to evaluate the degree of bone mineral and matrix maturation using a bromoform/toluene density gradient technique; and (b) to compare the aforementioned bone maturational changes due to vitamin D and phosphate deprivation to those produced with superimposed severe acidosis. Rats were fed a diet deficient in vitamin D and phosphorus (0.2%) from 3 weeks through 7 weeks of age. To examine the additional contribution of dietary calcium, we gave one-half of the animals either a low (0.06%) or high (1.3%) calcium diet. Following the 4 weeks of vitamin D deficiency, one-half of each group was given 1.8% NH4Cl in the drinking water for 4 succeeding days to induce an acute, severe acidosis. The degree of bone maturation was quantitated via bromoformtoulene density gradient fractionation; total mineral and hydroxyproline (collagen) levels were quantitated as well. The vitamin D-deficient rats deprived of adequate dietary phosphate responded by conserving phosphorus, and as a consequence total bone phosphorus levels were maintained within that level for control rats. This conservation was independent of calcium intake but was extremely sensitive to acute acid loading, where a significant reduction in total bone phosphorus was noted. The bone maturational profile obtained from the vitamin D-phosphate deficient rats, however, revealed a significant accumulation of less mature or dense bone collagen and mineral with a corresponding decrease in the most mature or dense moieties. In contrast to the reduction of the total bone phosphorus content by acute acidosis, the skeletal collagen-mineral maturational profile was not significantly affected by the short-term systemic acidosis. The observed retardations in the bone collagen and mineral maturation of the vitamin D-deficient, phosphate-deprived state provide an additional observation which may well relate to the progressive osteopenia documented in states of chronic, mild acidosis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02441191
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Changes in proline synthetic and degradative enzymes during matrix-induced cartilage and bone formation (1979)
    Springer
    Calcified tissue international 27 (1979), S. 275-279 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Keywords: Proline ; Cartilage ; Bone
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Physics
    Notes: Summary Proline biosynthetic and degradative enzymes are unevenly distributed in differentiated mammalian tissues. Activities of the synthetic enzymes are relatively high in collagenous tissues, whereas activities of the degradative enzymes are high in noncollagenous tissues. In order to further characterize tissue-specific proline biosynthesis and degradation, we have determined proline enzyme activities during cartilage and bone formation induced by demineralized bone matrix. We can thus follow temporal changes in enzyme activity in a single tissue as different cell types develop. Ornithine aminotransferase and pyrroline-5-carboxylate reductase have peaks of activity which correlate with maximal type II collagen synthesis by chondrocytes. Both enzymes also are active during bone formation. In contrast, proline oxidase and pyrroline-5-carboxylate dehydrogenase are present at low levels and do not change as new cell types appear. Arginase activity peaks during the first 3 days and then rapidly decreases by the time cartilage and bone formation begin. These observations further substantiate the importance of proline biosynthesis in collagenous tissues. The close correlation between ornithine aminotransferase activity and type II collagen synthesis suggests that the pathway from ornithine to proline may be especially important during formation of type II collagen.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02441197
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The occurrence of chondroitin-6-sulphate in adult human compact bone tissue (1979)
    Springer
    Calcified tissue international 29 (1979), S. 169-171 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Keywords: Glycosaminoglycans ; Bone
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Physics
    Notes: Summary Compact bone tissue chondroitin sulphate, previously considered to be pure chondroitin-4-sulphate, was isolated from three adult human femoral diaphyses and digested with chondroitinase ABC. Assaying these digests by means of high performance liquid chromatography we could demonstrate that 12 to 14% of the disaccharide residues were 6-sulphated. The 4/6-ratios were also studied in chondroitin sulphate fractions of different molecular size. Slightly increasing amounts of 6-sulphated disaccharides were found with increasing size of the chondroitin sulphates.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02408073
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  • 11
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Radioautographic visualization of3H-fucose incorporation into glycoprotein by osteoblasts and its deposition into bone matrix (1979)
    Springer
    Calcified tissue international 27 (1979), S. 177-185 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Keywords: Calcification ; Bone ; Glycoprotein ; Golgi ; Osteoblasts
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Physics
    Notes: Summary The elaboration of bone matrix glycoprotein by osteoblasts of alveolar bone was investigated by radioautography after the intravenous injection of3H-fucose into young rats. At selected times after injection, animals were sacrificed by intracardiac perfusion and demineralized specimens were prepared for light and electron microscope radioautography. At 5 and 10 min after injection, when the blood fucose level was high, silver grains were restricted to the spheroidal and cylindrical saccules of the Golgi apparatus. At 20 min membrane-limited secretory granules were also labeled. By 35 min, the blood fucose level had dropped and silver grains were detected over the apical cortical cytoplasm, in association with secretory granules located therein. Some grains were present over osteoblast processes and the adjacent prebone matrix. By 4 h most of the silver grains had left the cell. At that time they were observed over prebone, adjacent to osteoblast processes, as well as over the prebone-bone junction where a distinct band of label was noted. In demineralized preparations an electron-dense granular material was present at the prebone-bone junction in association with collagen fibrils. These findings provide evidence that osteoblasts in alveolar bone synthesize fucose-containing glycoprotein and indicate that the addition of3H-fucose occurs in the Golgi apparatus. The glycoprotein passes to the apical cortical cytoplasm by way of membrane-limited secretory granules, is exteriorized, and accumulates at the site where prebone transforms into bone (the prebone-bone junction). Since this is also the site of the calcification front, the deposition of labeled glycoprotein may be related to the deposition of bone mineral.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02441182
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  • 12
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Bone fluoride concentrations associated with fluoridated drinking water (1979)
    Springer
    Calcified tissue international 27 (1979), S. 95-99 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Keywords: Bone ; Fluoride ; Analysis ; Food ; Age
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Physics
    Notes: Summary Recently published bone fluoride values from Iowa are very high compared to earlier reports, suggesting an increase in fluoride intake. Reanalysis of the Iowa specimens shows levels one-fourth those reported by the Iowa laboratory indicating an error in the original report. Seventeen bone specimens, collected from long-term residents of Rochester, New York, drinking 1 ppm F− water, had a mean value of 2085±270 ppm F− on an ashed-weight basis. This value is not significantly different from that predicted by the data of Zipkin et al. in 1958. These data, therefore, do not support the contention that there has been an increase in fluoride intake.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02441168
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  • 13
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Noninvasive measures of bone bending rigidity in the monkey (M. nemestrina) (1979)
    Springer
    Calcified tissue international 27 (1979), S. 109-115 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Keywords: Bone ; Bending rigidity ; Disuse atrophy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Physics
    Notes: Summary The in vivo bending rigidity and bone mineral content of monkey ulnae and tibiae were measured. Bending rigidity in the anteroposterior plane was measured by an impedance probe technique. Forced vibrations of the bones were induced with an electromechanical shaker, and force and velocity at the driving point were determined. The responses over the range of 100–250 Hz were utilized to compute the bending rigidity. Bone mineral content in the cross section was determined by a photon absorption technique. Seventeen male monkeys (Macaca nemestrina) weighing 6–14 kg were evaluated. Repeatability of the rigidity measures was 4%. Bone mineral content was measured with a precision of 3.5%. Bending rigidity was correlated with the mineral content of the cross section,r=0.899. Two monkeys were evaluated during prolonged hypodynamic restraint. Restraint produced regional losses of bone most obviously in the proximal tibia. Local bone mineral content declines 17 to 24% and the average bending rigidity declines 12 to 22%. Changes in bones leading to a reduction in mineral content and stiffness are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02441171
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  • 14
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The calciuria of increased fixed acid production in humans: Evidence against a role for parathyroid hormone and 1,25(OH)2-vitamin D (1979)
    Springer
    Calcified tissue international 28 (1979), S. 233-238 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Keywords: Calcium ; PTH ; 1,25(OH)2D ; Acid ; Bone
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Physics
    Notes: Summary We measured mineral and acid balances, serum iPTH, urinary cAMP/creatinine, and plasma concentrations of 25OHD and 1,25(OH)2D in 7 healthy adults during control conditions and during increased fixed acid production achieved either by the administration of NH4Cl (N=3) or by increased dietary protein intake (N=4). When acid production was increased, the subjects were in positive acid balance and negative Ca balance because of increased urinary Ca excretion. Serum iPTH fell slightly but urinary cAMP and the plasma levels of vitamin D metabolites did not change. We conclude that the accelerated skeletal and urinary losses of Ca that occur when fixed acid production is increased are not contributed to nor compensated for by the parathyroid-vitamin D endocrine systems.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02441241
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  • 15
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of changing hydrogen ion, carbonic acid, and bicarbonate concentrations on bone resorption in vitro (1979)
    Springer
    Calcified tissue international 29 (1979), S. 7-13 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Keywords: Bone ; Culture ; Resorption ; Acidosis ; Alkalosis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Physics
    Notes: Summary We have examined the effects of H+, CO2, and HCO3 − concentrations during metabolic and respiratory acidosis and alkalosis on bone resorption in vitro. Rat fetal bones prelabeled with45CaCl2 were cultured at 2%, 5%, and 10% CO2 for up to 120 h, and the release of45Ca was measured in devitalized bones (non-cell-mediated45Ca release) and in live bones (cell-mediated45Ca release) cultured with or without PTH and 1,25(OH)2D3. Non-cell-mediated mineral loss was linearly related to H+ concentration but not to CO2 or HCO3 − concentration. This effect was observed on both labeled and stable calcium. Over a wide pH range (6.9–7.5) H+, CO2, or HCO3 − concentrations did not influence cell-mediated bone resorption in control or in PTH-and 1,25(OH)2D3-stimulated cultures. However, inhibition of cell-mediated bone resorption was observed at higher or lower pH irrespective of CO2 or HCO3 − concentrations. These observations demonstrate that the bone mineral mobilizing effect of acidosis in vitro is mainly due to the effect of changing H+ concentration on devitalized bone. Effects on cell-mediated bone resorption and hormonal response were observed only at extremes of pH. The effects of H+ were independent of changes in CO2 or HCO3 − concentration and could be responsible for the negative calcium balance and increased urinary loss observed in metabolic acidosis in vivo, but do not explain the reported differences in effects on calcium metabolism between respiratory and metabolic acidosis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02408049
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  • 16
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Age-related changes in the density and tensile strength of human femoral cortical bone (1979)
    Springer
    Calcified tissue international 27 (1979), S. 105-108 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Keywords: Bone ; Femur ; Strength ; Density ; Age
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Physics
    Notes: Summary In order to ascertain whether the intrinsic strength of human bone changes with age or not, we have determined the ultimate tensile strength and density of strips of femoral cortical bone. These femora were collected from cadavers varying in age from 13 to 97 years. The results show that both density and intrinsic strength of bone increase up to about the fourth decade of life and then decrease with age. However, the rate of decrease of strength is greater than that of density. This indicates that the density of bone is not the sole determining factor of its strength, and that some other factors play an important part.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02441170
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  • 17
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Distribution of the perilacunar hypomineralized areas in cortical bone from patients with familial hypophosphatemic (vitamin D-resistant) rickets (1979)
    Springer
    Calcified tissue international 27 (1979), S. 101-104 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Keywords: Bone ; Rickets ; Hypophosphatemia ; Microradiography ; D-resistance
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Physics
    Notes: Summary The perilacunar areas of low mineral density in microradiographs from cortical bone of patients with hypophosphatemic (vitamin D-resistant) rickets are not evenly distributed throughout the bone tissue. Their frequency and distribution were determined in bone from 9 patients with this disease. It was found that the lesion was more frequent in haversian bone than in interstitial bone, and along the inner circumference of growing haversian systems as compared with the outer circumference. These findings indicate that the lesion is the result of retarded mineralization, and that mineralization slowly proceeds in these areas as the bone becomes older. A relatively high frequency of the lesion was also found in osteons with an elliptical cross section along the long axis of the ellipse. The cause of the abundance of the lesion at these sites is not clear, but it is possible to explain the uneven distribution in elliptical osteons by assuming an unequal rate of bone formation in these structures.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02441169
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  • 18
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of carbon dioxide and various oxygen tensions on the respiratory activity of bone (1979)
    Springer
    Calcified tissue international 27 (1979), S. 165-169 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Keywords: Oxygen uptake ; Bone ; Oxygen tension ; Carbon dioxide
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Physics
    Notes: Summary The present study was carried out to determine the influence of carbon dioxide and oxygen tension on the respiratory activity of bone cells in mouse calvaria in vitro. Five-day-old mouse calvaria were removed aseptically and incubated individually for 1 h at 37° C in a closed reaction chamber containing 1.5 ml of tissue culture medium made up of 60% horse serum in Gey's solution containing 100 unit/ml penicillin and 100µg/ml streptomycin. Before the calvaria were added, the medium in the incubation chamber was equilibrated with 10%, 20%, 30%, or 50% oxygen balanced with nitrogen. The effect of CO2 on oxygen utilization by the calvaria was determined by incubating the calvaria in a medium previously equilibrated with either 50% O2 balanced with N2 or 50% O2 and 5% CO2 balanced with N2. At each oxygen tension, the rate of oxygen utilization by the calvaria was measured polarographically by a Clark oxygen electrode. The results showed that the rate of oxygen uptake of bone increased as the oxygen tension increased and carbon dioxide stimulated significantly the rate of oxygen utilization by the bone cells. In view of the previous reports that both carbon dioxide and oxygen tension are implicated in the process of bone resorption, it is suggested that these two factors may affect bone resorption by influencing the oxygen utilization by bone cells and ultimately controlling their energy metabolism.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02441180
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  • 19
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Use of a spectrophotometer for radiographic photodensitometry of bone (1979)
    Springer
    Calcified tissue international 28 (1979), S. 103-105 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Keywords: Bone ; Photodensitometry, X-ray ; Radiography ; Spectrophotometry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Physics
    Notes: Summary A conventional spectrophotometer was used to do radiographic photodensitometry of bone mass. An experiment to produce osteoporosis in guinea pigs required quantification of changes in bone mass. Lack of a densitometer necessitated finding another method for quantification. The method developed involved using industrial film in a closed X-ray system. Optical density of X-rays was then read in a spectrophotometer at nine femur locations. Highly significant correlations between optical density and femur calcium content and femur dry weight per millimeter were obtained. Histological sections from an animal with low optical density measurements confirmed bone loss by showing decreased cortical width and loss of trabecular bone. In addition to using readily available equipment, this method offers the advantage of being able to detect bone loss in specific areas of the bones. In addition, bones are left intact and can be used for other purposes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02441227
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    Analysis of paramagnetic centers in X-ray-irradiated enamel, bone, and carbonate-containing hydroxyapatite by electron spin resonance spectroscopy (1979)
    Springer
    Calcified tissue international 28 (1979), S. 107-112 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Keywords: ESR ; Bone ; Enamel ; CO3-Apatite ; Paramagnetism
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Physics
    Notes: Summary Carbonate-containing hydroxyapatite, enamel, and bone were irradiated by an X-ray and investigated between 77° and 350°K by means of electron spin resonance (ESR) spectroscopy. The ESR spectrum of enamel irradiated at 77°K in vacuum and observed at the same temperature was almost the same as that of the carbonate-containing hydroxyapatite. The temperature dependence of signal intensities confirms a spin-energy exchange between the mineral and organic constituents in bone, but in enamel no or very little spinenergy exchange between the mineral and organic constituents. Considerable similarity among the ESR spectra of enamel, bone, and carbonate-containing apatite was obtained after X-ray irradiation in air at 300°K with both an X-band and a Q-band ESR spectrometer. The Q-band spectrum can be interpreted in terms of two paramagnetic species. One is identified as a CO 3 3− anion radical which has an axial symmetry withg factors of 2.0029 and 1.9972. The other species is found to be centered atg=2.0019.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02441228
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  • 21
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    Anticonvulsant drug-induced osteomalacia: Alterations in mineral metabolism and response to vitamin D3 administration (1979)
    Springer
    Calcified tissue international 27 (1979), S. 13-18 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Keywords: Anticonvulsants ; Calcium ; Vitamin D ; Parathyroid hormone ; Bone
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Physics
    Notes: Summary Parameters of mineral metabolism were examined in 6 patients with moderately severe anticonvulsant drug-induced osteomalacia. Compared to 15 matched controls, the patients exhibited significantly reduced serum calcium, inorganic phosphate, and 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentration, elevated serum alkaline phosphatase and immunoreactive parathyroid hormone (iPTH) concentration, reduced intestinal47Ca absorption, reduced urinary calcium and increased urinary hydroxyproline excretion, and reduced forearm bone mass. Intestinal absorption of vitamin D3 was normal. Following 4 months of treatment with vitamin D3 (4000 units/day), serum 25-OHD concentration was increased to 3 times mean normal values and all parameters except serum iPTH, urinary calcium excretion, and forearm bone mass were returned to levels not significantly different from normal. Serum iPTH concentration was reduced by 39% (P〈0.05); 24-h urinary calcium excretion rose by 98% (P〈0.001), and forearm bone mass increased by 5.6% (P〈0.05). It is concluded that moderate-dose vitamin D3 supplementation is effective in normalizing parameters of mineral metabolism in this disorder, despite evidence of resistance to the biologic effects of vitamin D.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02441155
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  • 22
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    On the solid state of bone (1979)
    Springer
    Calcified tissue international 28 (1979), S. 33-36 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Keywords: Infrared, visible light ; Bone ; Collagen ; Apatite
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Physics
    Notes: Abstract Photovoltaic effect (infrared and visible light) is observed in bone and its two major components, collagen and apatite, at room temperature. A dimunition in the magnitude of photovoltage is observed after exposure to ultraviolet light in all the cases. The drift mobility of the charge carriers is obtained by measuring I versus V relationships in sandwich samples and relating them to the permitivity of the medium. Lifetime of the injected carriers is measured in the usual way. The data are consistent with the hypothesis that the effects are due to protonic conduction phenomena.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02441215
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  • 23
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    Effects of measuring system parameters on the frequency dependence of strain-related potentials in bone (1979)
    Springer
    Medical & biological engineering & computing 17 (1979), S. 471-475 
    Details
    ISSN: 1741-0444
    Keywords: Bone ; Strain
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Specimens of dry human cortical bone of a disc form were subjected to sinusoidal loading under controlled conditions. The results show a nonlinear increase of the measured peak potential with frequency which reaches a limiting value at about 200 Hz. The analysis, which is based on the circuit representation proposed previously by Shamos, indicates that such a behaviour can be attributed to the measuring circuit parameters. It was found that some relevant results can be interpreted qualitatively by similar analysis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02447060
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  • 24
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    Finite element and conjugate gradient methods for a nonlinear optimal heat transfer control problem (1979)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 14 (1979), S. 1851-1863 
    Details
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: The boundary control problem of optimal heating of an infinitely long slab with tempertue-dependent thermal conductivity, subjected to a convection and radiation boundary condition, is analysed by numerical methods.In order to reformulate the optimal control problem of distributed parameter systems as a mathematical programming problem of finite dimension, a space, co-ordinate is discretized by use of the finite element method, while the Runge-Kutta method is utilized for time integrations. Finally, the performance index of the optimal control problem is minimized by the conjugate gradient method of optimization.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620141207
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    Call for papers (1979)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 14 (1979), S. 1879-1879 
    Details
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620141212
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  • 26
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    Announcements (1979)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 14 (1979), S. 1875-1878 
    Details
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620141211
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  • 27
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    A new finite element technique for the analysis of steady viscous flow problems (1979)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 14 (1979), S. 103-113 
    Details
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: A new finite element technique for two-dimensional viscous incompressible fluid flow problems is presented in this paper. The vorticity transport equation is integrated in a small control volume, which results in the conservation law of vorticity. The finite element technique is applied to this equation together with the continuity equation, where simple linear triangular elements with three nodes are used for the formulation. Resulting sets of algebraic equations are solved by the use of a kind of relaxation method. Numerical results for viscous flow past a cavity show good agreement with experimental results.
    Additional Material: 11 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620140108
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    Who was ‘-Raphson’? (1979)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 14 (1979), S. 148-152 
    Details
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620140112
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  • 29
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    A theoretically improved and easily implemented version of the Ahmad Thick Shell element (1979)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 14 (1979), S. 125-142 
    Details
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: An implementation of the Ahmad Thick Shell element using vector manipulation, reduced integration and the incorporation of the missing term in the approximating polynomial is presented. The first two aspects are merely applications. The theory is presented elsewhere6,7,11,18 and will not be repeated for the sake of conciseness. The third aspect was achieved by adding to the original nodal configuration a central node having only one degree-of-freedom. That node is then eliminated to preserve the original number of degrees-of-freedom.The Ahmad thick shell element is adequately presented in finite element literature.1-3 The co-ordinate definition and the displacement field are retained and will not be dealt with henceforth. However, a different concept of the strain definition due to Irons is used and the bending terms are included in the modulus matrix.The element like all second generation isoparametric elements is easily implemented through a shape function subroutine suitable for quadrilaterals. It reproduces exactly rigid body motion for any combination of elements of any geometry even for elements withcurved sides and variable thickness. Although Ahmad's thick shell element passed the patch test for unequal parallelograms but not for quadrilaterals the version presented passes that test for quadrilaterals.In spite of its credentials, the new version denoted by A has a major setback. the presence of one too many spurious mechanism is reported.
    Additional Material: 12 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620140110
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    Letters to the editor (1979)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 14 (1979), S. 153-155 
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    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620140113
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    Application of quasi-linearization to studies on diffusioin flames (1979)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 14 (1979), S. 143-147 
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    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: A method by which the numerical difficulties that one encounters while attempting to solve the differential equations which describe a diffusion flame can be circumvented is the quasi-linearization technique. Application of this method in conjunction with difference approximations transforms the equations into tri-diagonal matrices which can be inverted by the Thomas method. Since this is an iterative method initial profiles are generated by employing Burke-Schumann kinetics. This method is found to be superior to the marching techiques that are frequently used in the analyses of diffusion flames.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620140111
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  • 32
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    Masthead (1979)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 14 (1979) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620140201
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  • 33
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    Erratum (1979)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 14 (1979), S. I 
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    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620140202
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  • 34
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    Finite element discretization of open-type axisymmetric elements (1979)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 14 (1979), S. 159-178 
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    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: A series of open-type elements which are compatible with axisymmetric thin shell elements have been dervied. These elements allow the effects of intermediate openings and discrete support systems for rotational shells to be realistically modelled in the dynamic regime. Also, consistent load vectors for several common cases are derived.The availablility of these elements in a public domain computer program enhances the possibility for modelling systems which are basically axisymmetric but which include intermediate or end supports using a rotational shell code.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620140203
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  • 35
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    A simple and efficient finite element for general shell analysis (1979)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 14 (1979), S. 179-200 
    Details
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: A simple, efficient and versatile finite element is introduced for shell applications. The element is developed based on a degeneration concept, in which the displacements and rotations of the shell mid-surface are independent variables. Bilinear functions are employed in conjunction with a reduced integration for the transverse shear energy. Several examples are tested to demonstrate the effectiveness and versatility of the element. The numerical results indicate that the shell element performs accurately for both thick and thin shell situations.
    Additional Material: 22 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620140204
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  • 36
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    A numerical method for the determination of optimal surface temperatures of steel ingots (1979)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 14 (1979), S. 227-233 
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    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: A numerical method is presented for the determination of control temperatures to be applied to the surface of a steel ingot to induce a predetermined temperature distribution within the ingot. The one-dimensional case of an infinite plate is considered and the problem converted to one of static optimization which is then solved using a partial quadratic interpolation technique.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620140207
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    A simply implemented two dimensional Shockley-Poisson solver with applications to CCD (1979)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 14 (1979), S. 251-269 
    Details
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: A numerical method for the solution of the two dimensional Shockley-Poisson equation is presented and applied to the analysis of MOS devices. This SOR-Newton method is compared to Gummel's algorithm in two dimensions and shown to be more easily implemented. Application of the resulting code to interelectrode effects in charge coupled devices is given as an example.
    Additional Material: 14 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620140209
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  • 38
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    A shock capturing application of the finite element method (1979)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 14 (1979), S. 271-286 
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    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: The finite element method is employed for the calculation in Cartesian co-ordinates of uniform flow on a rectangular region which encounters an embedded oblique shock with known turning angle. A modified form of the code so developed is used to obtain preliminary results concerning finite element performance in the calculation of viscous recirculating flow with embedded weak shocks.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620140210
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  • 39
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    More on distorted isoparametric elements (1979)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 14 (1979), S. 290-291 
    Details
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Additional Material: 1 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620140212
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  • 40
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    LORA - an accurate four node stress plate bending element (1979)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 14 (1979), S. 296-306 
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    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: A simple and accurate four-node quadrilateral plate-bending element based on stress assumptions is presented. Initial theremal strains and transverse shear stresses are included. The derivation is straightforward and without gimmicks and no numerical integration is necessary. The element behaves well for a wide range of aspect ratios with excellent convergence characteristics. The element is now being used in a practical warped configuration and with anisotropic material properties in the Lockheed-California Company NASTRAN system.
    Additional Material: 11 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620140214
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    Matrix computations for engineers and scientists, Aland Jennings, Wiley, Chichester, 1977. No. of pages 346, price £10.50 (1979)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 14 (1979), S. 312-312 
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    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620140216
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    Comment on ‘static analysis of diaphragm-supported cylindrical shells using a curved finite strip’ by D. J. DaweInt. J. Num. Meth. Engng, 11, 1347-1364 (1997). (1979)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 14 (1979), S. 307-311 
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    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620140215
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    Statistical methods for engineers and scientists, A. C. Bajpai, I. M. Calus and J. A. Fairly, Wiley, Chichester, 1978. No. of pages 444, price £5.95 (1979)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 14 (1979), S. 313-313 
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    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620140217
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    Call for papers (1979)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 14 (1979), S. 313-314 
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    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620140218
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    Announcement (1979)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 14 (1979), S. 315-315 
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    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620140219
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    Masthead (1979)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 14 (1979) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620140301
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    Announcements (1979)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 14 (1979), S. i 
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    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620140302
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    Finite element incremental contact analysis with various frictional conditions (1979)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 14 (1979), S. 337-357 
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    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: The use of contacting components such as gear teeth in mesh and shrink-fitted shafts is very common in engineering practice. This paper deals with the development of a theoretical method which gives a solution for non-linear contact problems with irreversibility resulting from stick-slip phenomenon.The method is based on the finite element method and load incremental theory. The geometrical and the statical boundary conditions on contact surfaces are treated as additional conditions being independent of stiffness equations. As a result, the algorithm of calculation is simplified and only a part of the simultaneous equations related to the contact surfaces is required to be solved instead of the overall stiffness equations at each step. Furthermore, the magnitude of load causing a change in a contact condition of one contact nodepair is taken as a load increment, in analogy with the incremental iterative procedure for elastic-plastic problems. Therefore, the method provides a general and efficient method for analysis and design of such problems.As illustrative examples, the stick-slip behaviour of turbo-alternator end-bells and other problems are discussed. The calculated results show a reasonable agreement with experimental data and other solutions.
    Additional Material: 21 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620140304
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    Checking the topological consistency of a finite element mest (1979)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 14 (1979), S. 1805-1812 
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    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: Algorithms are described for checking the topological consistency of two- or three-dimensional meshes. Two-dimensional meshes may include mixtures of triangles, quadrilaterals and other polygons with optional edge or centre nodes; three-dimensional meshes may include mixtures of cuboids and tetrahedra with optional edge; sie or internal nodes.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620141205
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    Dynamics of rotationally periodic structures (1979)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 14 (1979), S. 81-102 
    Details
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: The paper considers the finite element analysis of the free, undamped and the forced damped vibrations of rotationally periodic structures. Associated with every natural frequency (except for those for which the deflection is the same at corresponding points on every substructure) there are a pair of orthogonal mode shapes, with eigenvectors {u} and {ü}. The complex vector {z}={u}+i{ü} is also an eigenvector of the equations of motion, and represents a rotating normal mode. The deflection of one substructure has the same amplitude as, and a constant phase difference from the deflection of the preceding substructure. It is therefore possible to analysse the complete structure by considering only one substructure, and applying appropriate complex constraints at its boundary with the following substructure, so as to and applying appropriate complex constrainsts at its boundary with the following substructure, so as to impose this phase difference. The method has been implemented in a computer program and is illustrated by analyses of an alternator end winding, a cooling tower with legs, and a wheel of turbine blades.For forced vibration, it is shown that any arbitrary oscillatory force can be decomposed into a series of rotating forces. For any one of these rotating components, there is a fixed relationship between the amplitude and phase of the force acting on one substructure, and that acting on an adjoining substructure. This relationship, which does not involve any approximation, can be used to enable a series of calculations of the response of one substructure to be performed instead of one on the whole structure. A series of calculations on an individual substructure normally requires much less computer time and storage than a single calculation on the complete structure.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620140107
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    An optimization procedure for stress concentrations by the finite element technique (1979)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 14 (1979), S. 115-124 
    Details
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: Load-free notch surfaces of bodies made of a linear-elastic, homogeneous, isotropic material are optimized within given variation domains by means of an interation procedure so that the occurring maximum tangéntial stress is reduced to a minimum. The hypothesis of a constant tangential stress distribution for obtaining minimal notch stresses proposed by R. V. Baud has been confirmed by means of the Fade-away Law of the notch stress theory. The finite element method is applied for calculating the displacement and stress field of the styructure. An increment procedure is used for determing the displacement field after every iteration step, which permits the calculation of the displacement quantities with sufficient accuracy in a single step. Numerical solutions and their comparison with analytical solutions and stress results obtained with the aid of photo-elasticity confirm the usefulness of this procedure. The known optimization methods1,2 differ from those used in the present paper.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620140109
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    A hybrid integral-equation method for steady two-dimensional ship waves (1979)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 14 (1979), S. 317-336 
    Details
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: This paper presents a novel integral-equation technique for solving the steady-state wave-resistance problem. The free-surface condition is linearized, but the body condition is satisfied exactly. An integral relation describing the flow inside an arbitrarily truncated internal region is first obtained by applying Green's Theorem, using only the simple source function for an infinite fluid. The internal flow is next matched with eigen expansions in the upstream and downstream outer regions. The radiation condition can be satisfied exactly simply by a proper choice of the solution form in these outer regions. The method is applied to investigate flows about both lifting and non-lifting two-dimensional bodies. Agreement with existing results is excellent. The present formulation provides a simple yet rational basis for tackling the practical three-dimensional ship-wave problem, in which past workers have encountered considerable difficulties using a complicated free-surface Green function.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620140303
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    Restricted range adaptive curve fitting (1979)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 14 (1979), S. 379-408 
    Details
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: In this paper we present an algorithm for adaptively computing smooth piecewise polynomial approximations using restricted range uniform approximations on a finite point set. We also present several numerical examples and offer suggestions for the effective use of this algorithm. We have found the algorithm to be effective for approximating a wide class of functions, either with or without significant levels of noise. Furthermore, since the user of this algorithm actually defines tolerance bands within which the approximation will lie, the algorithm allows the user a great deal of flexibility and control over the shape of the resulting approximations.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620140306
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    Hybrid-stress models for elastic-plastic analysis by the initial-stress approach (1979)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 14 (1979), S. 359-378 
    Details
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: Two alternative numerical methods are presented, based on the assumed-stress hybrid finite element model and the initial-stress approach, for the elastic-plastic small-deflection analysis of structures under static loading. The use of the initial-stress approach results in a set of simultaneous linear algebraic incremental equations to be solved at each loading step, with the elastic stiffness matrix remaining unchanged throughout the loading process and the effects of plasticity included as equivalent element loads. The derivation of these alternative methods differs in the assigning of the incremental stress which satisfies equilibrium; in one case it is the actual stress increment while in the other it is a fictitious stress increment. An equilibrium imbalance correction is included in each of these methods to prevent drifting of the solution during the incremental process. Example solutions are presented which demonstrate the accuracy of the two methods and permit comparisons of the relative efficiencies of the two methods.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620140305
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    Families of consistent conforming elements with singular derivative fields (1979)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 14 (1979), S. 409-421 
    Details
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: Families of two-and three-dimensional finite elements are constructed for use in modelling fields with singular derivatives. The elements are complete over linear fields, conform with regular elements, and are easily programmed. A low order exact quadrature rule is also derived for element stiffness calculations.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620140307
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    On the use of the total scalar potential on the numerical solution of fields problems in electromagnetics (1979)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 14 (1979), S. 423-440 
    Details
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: The paper summarizes the formulation of a set of computer algorithms for the solution of the three-dimensional non-linear Poisson field problem. Results are presented that were obtained by applying algorithms to the analysis of two-dimensional magnetostatic fields. Scalar and vector potentials were used, and it is shown that the convenient single valued scalar potential associated with the induced sources gives severe accuracy problems in permeable regions. The results become as good as those obtained using vector potential if the scalar potential associated with the total field is used for permeable regions. The combination of two scalar potentials has a significant advantage for three-dimensional problems.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620140308
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    An improved method for contouring on isoparametric surfaces (1979)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 14 (1979), S. 451-458 
    Details
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: A general non-linear interpolation procedure for contouring on any isoparametric surface was presented in a previous article. The method used standard isoparametric interpolation functions and a predictor method for tracing element contour lines. The method presented here extends the previous work by using a predictor-corrector method to trace element contour lines, thereby making the contouring algorithm more accurate.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620140310
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    Masthead (1979)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 14 (1979) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620140401
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    Non-self-adjoint problems and essential boundry conditons (1979)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 14 (1979), S. 507-513 
    Details
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Additional Material: 2 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620140404
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    The thermal loads in the finite element analysis of elasto-plastic stresses (1979)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 14 (1979), S. 499-505 
    Details
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: The method for the evaluation of the thermal loads used in the incremental finite element analysis of elasto-plastic stress is presented. The stress distributions obtained by two apparently possible methods for evaluation of the thermal loads are compared.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620140403
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    Isoparametric elemetns for cross-sepctional properties and stress analysis of beams (1979)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 14 (1979), S. 475-497 
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    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: This paper presents an isoparametric finite element formulation for the torsion and the flexure due to end shears for the beam cross-sections of arbitrary shape. Isoparametric line elements are developed using this formulation for the beam cross-sections consisting of very thin wall open or close multicells. Isoparametric transition elements are also developed for the beam cross-sections consisting of both thin wall sections and solid like sections. Numerical examples are presented to demonstrate the accuracy and the applications of such elements.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620140402
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    Engineering structures, the journal of earth-quake, wind and ocean engineering, published by: IPC Science and Technology Press (1979)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 14 (1979), S. 630-630 
    Details
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620140415
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    Finite elements for an optimal control problem governed by a parabolic equation (1979)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 14 (1979), S. 624-628 
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    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: A stationary variational formulation of the necessary conditions for optimality is derived for an optimal control problem governed by a parabolic equation and mixed boundary conditions. Then a mixed finite element model with elements in space and time is utilized to solve a simple numerical example whose analytical and finite difference solutions are given elsewhere. Numerical results show that the proposed method with C° continuity elements constitutes a powerful numerical technique for solution of optimal control problems of distributed parameter systems.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620140413
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    Announcements (1979)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 14 (1979), S. 631-632 
    Details
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620140416
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    Call for papers (1979)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 14 (1979), S. 632-632 
    Details
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620140417
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    Finite difference energy techniques for arbitrary meshes applied to linear plate problemsResearch reported here partially fulfilled Ph.D. requirements at Catholic University by first author. (1979)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 14 (1979), S. 647-664 
    Details
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: A new energy based finite difference analytical technique is introduced. The method incorporates certain energy concepts and the ability to use arbitrary, irregular meshes within the framework of the Finite Difference Method. This formulation reduces any governing partial differential equations to a set of difference equations containing partial derivatives up to and including the second order. Further, certain strong similarities with the popular Finite Element Method are shown and the ability to solve problems with irregular boundaries is discussed. To demonstrate the Finite Difference Energy Method several plate bending problems are solved.
    Additional Material: 12 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620140503
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    A finite element approach to subsonic aerodynamics (1979)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 14 (1979), S. 665-679 
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    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: A study of the application of the Finite Element Method to compressible potential flows, typified by the airfoil problem, is undertaken. Some novel approaches, believed to simplify solution techniques, are presented.The solutions use two pseudo-variational integrals, appropriate to subsonic flows, and possessing a physical iterative basis. With constant-derivatives triangular elements formulated for cylindrical co-ordinates, accurate solutions are easily obtained for the flow over a circular cylinder. For arbitrary airfoils a simple mapping is used to transform them into near circles. An appropriate mesh is then constructed in the mapped plane. The paper then presents two solution approaches by which this non-linear problem is solved in both the near circle plane and the airfoil plane.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620140504
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    A collocation finite element method for potential problems in irregular domains (1979)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 14 (1979), S. 681-701 
    Details
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: A potentially powerful numerical method for solving certain boundary value problems is developed. The method combines the simplicity of orthogonal collocation with the versatility of deformable finite elements. Bicubic Hermite elements with four degrees-of-freedom per node are used. A subparametric transformation permits the precise positioning of the collocation points for maximum accuracy as well as a unique representation of irregular boundaries. It is shown that by taking advantage of the boundary conditions, a minimum number of collocation points can be used.The method is particularly suitable for potential and mass transport problems where a C1 continuous solution is required. In contrast to the Galerkin approach, it does not require the evaluation of basis function products and numerical integration, also the coefficient matrix contains only about half as many non-zero terms as the corresponding Galerkin coefficient matrix. This results in approximately a 90 per cent reduction in formulation and a 50 per cent reduction in solution operation, as compared with the Galerkin finite element method, for this type of problem. Examples show that the accuracy of the collocation solution is as good as or better than that of the Galerkin solution.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
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    Matrix-MP method for the analysis of inelastic arch structures (1979)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 14 (1979), S. 703-725 
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    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: A general matrix formulation and mathematical programming techniques are used for the analysis of arch bridge structures in the inelastic range. Discretization of the structural model and of the constitutive laws of the material enables the solution of a number of engineering problems by a unified computer program. The capability of the method includes and limit load and deformation analysis, historical load-deformation analysis and shakedown load analysis. All these problmes but the last one are covered in the paper and are illustrated in the example of an actual reinforced concrete arch bridge with a stiffening girder.
    Additional Material: 17 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620140506
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    The finite element method for elliptic problems, Phillipe G. Ciarlet, North-Holland, Amsterdam, 1978. No. of pages 530. Price $57.75 (1979)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 14 (1979), S. 786-786 
    Details
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620140514
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    Announcement (1979)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 14 (1979), S. 787-790 
    Details
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620140515
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    Applications of the theory of plasticity in soil mechanics, J. Salençon, Wiley, Chichester, 1977. No. of pages: 176. Price £10 (1979)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 14 (1979), S. 785-786 
    Details
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620140513
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    Masthead (1979)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 14 (1979) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620140601
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    Announcement (1979)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 14 (1979), S. i 
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    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620140602
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    Erratum (1979)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 14 (1979), S. ii 
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    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620140603
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    Curvilinear finite difference method for biharmonic equation (1979)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 14 (1979), S. 791-812 
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    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: The essence of the proposed curvilinear finite difference solution method is the direct solution of the transformed fourth order partial differentiall equation using the finite difference expressions based on the flexible structure so that the geometry generality of the finite element method can be approached. The examples of applications indicte that the curvilinear mesh can be used and the boundary condition on the curved boundary can be easily and accurately prescribed.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620140604
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    Representation and discretization of arbitrary surfaces for finite element shell analysis (1979)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 14 (1979), S. 813-836 
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    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: An interactive computer graphics system has been developed for generating the geometric description of an arbitrary shell surfface. The various difficulties facing the user of sophisticated, doubly-curved shell finite elements and the inefficiency of preprocessing for shell analysis are discussed to explain the benefits of this system. The method is a synthesis of spline theory and algorithms, and an interactive means for man-machine communication. The basic technique employed is a modified lofting method in which cardinal splines. An inversion procedure is incorporated which increases significantly the efficiency of the B-spline approximation process. Static and dynamic graphic displays greatly enhance visualization at any stage of the procedure. Two examples of practical interest are presented in some detail to demonstratge the flexibility and usefulness of this approach. Some natural extensions of this system for interactive mesh generation on the surface are also demonstrated.
    Additional Material: 17 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620140605
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    A comparasion of three resequencing algorithms for the reduction of matrix profile and wavefront (1979)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 14 (1979), S. 837-853 
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    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: Three widely-used nodal resequencing algorithms were tested and compared for their ability to reduce matrix profile and root-mean-square (rms) wavefront, the latter being the most critical parameter in determining matrix decomposition time in the NASTRAN finite element computer program. The three algorithms are Cuthill-McKee (CM), Gibbs-Poole-Stockmeyer (GPS), and Levy. Results are presented for a diversified collection of 30 test problems ranging in size from 59 to 2680 nodes. It is concluded that GPS is exceptionally fast, and, for the conditions under which the test was made, the algorithm best able to reduce profile and rms wavefront consistently well. An extensive bibliography of resequencing algorithms is included.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620140606
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    Strees analysis of variable cross-section indeterminate beams using reopeated integration (1979)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 14 (1979), S. 855-870 
    Details
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: A simple computer method is presented for analysing statically indeterminate beams having sectionally constant EI values and loads consisting of any number of arbitrarily placed concentrated forces and couples as well as any number of uniform and ramp loads. Unknown reactions are treated as parameters which are determined by simulataneous imposition of end conditions and interior constraints. Support locations are specified independently of any discontinuites of load or cross-section. A computer program implementing this method is described which has very concise data input considerably shorter than tupically required in programs based on the stiffness method.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620140607
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  • 80
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    Adaptive l1-l2 curve fitting (1979)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 14 (1979), S. 871-903 
    Details
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: In References 1 and 2, algorithms were introduced for adaptively computing smooth piecewise polynomial approximations using uniform, least-squars (l2) and restricted-range uniform approximations. This present paper introduces a FORTRAN program for computing smooth piecewise polynomial approximations to data and/or precise mathematical functions (in discrete form) which allows the user the option of using best l1 of best l2 approximations. (The l2 option of this newly developed l1-l2 adaptive curve-fitting package supersedes the code listed in Reference 1 for the old least-squares program.) In this paper, adaptive curve-fitting algorithm used in this l1-l2 package is described in detail, the FORTRAN program is the given (in the Appendix) and discussed, the numerical results are presented in an effort to illustrate how the l1 and l2 versions of this algorithm may be used most effectively.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620140608
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  • 81
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    A numerial experiment on orthonormalization process (1979)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 14 (1979), S. 905-911 
    Details
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: A numerical experiment has been conducted to check theeffectiveness and reliablity of the orthnormalization process tosolve two-point boundary value problems. This process in usedalong with the method of superposition in the linear case andwith the quasilinearization and then the method of superpositionin the non-linear case.
    Additional Material: 4 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620140609
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  • 82
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    Errors arising from irregular boundaries in ADI solutions of the shallow-water equations (1979)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 14 (1979), S. 921-931 
    Details
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: Truncation errors introduced by operator splittingtechniques, such as the ADI scheme, are discussed in the contextof the two-dimensional shallow-water equations. Numericalexamples of flow along a uniform channel, with and withoutfriction, illustrate the practical significance of these errors when the boundary is not aligned with the computational gridaxes. With irregular boundaries the maximum time step aceptable ismore severely restricted than has been realized hitherto. The problem, which is shown to stem from the treatment of the boundary conditons, is inherent in any splitting scheme and is difficult to circumvent.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620140611
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    Displacement oscillation in plane quadratic isoparametric elements in orthotropic situations (1979)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 14 (1979), S. 913-920 
    Details
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: Long thin test specimens of orthotropic material are modelledby quadratic isoparametric finite elements in plane strain. Displacement oscillations occur down the long free edge of themodel with both reduced (2 × 2) and full (3 × 3) integration, themagnitude of the oscillations being affected by element aspectratio and the elastic constants of the material. The rate ofdiffusion of stress as predicted by the classical shear-lag theory, being dependent on the material constants, is reflectedin the displacement oscillations near the load in 3 × 3integration. In 2 × 2 integration, however, this effect is swampedby the build-up of oscillations away from the restraints in alowenergy deformation mode which becomes dominant as the elementaspect ration is increased. These latter voscillations arepredicted by the illconditioning of the structural stiffnessmatrix measured by a solution diagonal decay factor.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620140610
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  • 84
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    Some follower forces and load stiffness (1979)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 14 (1979), S. 937-941 
    Details
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620140613
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  • 85
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    A multipurpose Gauss routine for unbanded symmetric matrix (1979)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 14 (1979), S. 933-936 
    Details
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620140612
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  • 86
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    Description of a curved boundary shape without first derivative discontinuities (1979)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 14 (1979), S. 1090-1094 
    Details
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: For the two-dimensional isoparametric 8-node element an additive condition is formulated, so that the function describing the domain boundary is continually differentiable at the common nodes on the boundary. This condition will be satisfied by moving the mid-side nodes into a special position. The advantage in using this modified element will be shown by an example of the elasto-plastic calculation of a double-edge notched specimen.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620140713
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  • 87
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    On the approximation of incompressible materials in the displacement method (1979)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 14 (1979), S. 1095-1099 
    Details
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: A mathematical description of the numerical approximation to incompressibility with nearly incompressible displacement finite elements is presented. By the way of functional analysis, it leads to a condition of convergence to the incompressible problem when v is increased up to 0.5, which can be identified with Fried's K1 criterion.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620140714
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    New developments in the inelastic analysis of quasistatic and dynamic problemsPaper presented at the International Congress on Numerical Methods for Engineering, Paris, 27 November-1 December, 1978. (1979)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 14 (1979), S. 1813-1850 
    Details
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: The computational aspects are examined for the numerical analysis of inelastic structures and continua. In this context, the tracing of quasistatic and dynamic motions is considered with particular emphasis on the interaction of nonlinear and transient problems.In the first part, explicit and implicit solution schemes are developed for the numerical integration of inelastic first-order rte processes governing creep, viscoelasticity and viscoplasticity. In the second part, the exposition is extended to second-order inertial problems and in particular to the field of dynamic plasticity, devoting special attention to the kinematics of finite deformation problems.
    Additional Material: 28 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620141206
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    Numerical simulation of fluid motion (editor J. Noye), North-Holland Publishing Company, 1978. Price: $US 66.75 (1979)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 14 (1979), S. 1874-1875 
    Details
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620141210
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    Masthead (1979)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 14 (1979) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620140101
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  • 91
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    An elasto-viscoplastic thermal stress model with applications to the continuous casting of metals (1979)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 14 (1979), S. 1-9 
    Details
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: A finite element model is presented for the analysis of the thermal stress development in a body with temperature dependent material properties. The thermal model allows a change of phase to occur within the body and an elasto-viscoplastic constitutive relationship is used for the stress analysis. An example is given of the applicability of the technique to the analysis of continuous casting in metals.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620140102
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    A quadrature rule for conforming quadratic crack tip elements (1979)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 14 (1979), S. 287-289 
    Details
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: A simple quadrature rule that precisely integrates products of singular √r and quadratic shape function gradients for a two-dimensional six node triangle and a three-dimensional fifteen node prism is derived.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620140211
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    Bernstein polynomials and numerical integration (1979)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 14 (1979), S. 292-295 
    Details
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620140213
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  • 94
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    Derivation of a new stiffness matrix for helically armoured cables considering tension and torsion (1979)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 14 (1979), S. 515-529 
    Details
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: A new element stiffness matrix is derived for straight cable elements subjected to tension and torsion. The cross-section of a cable, which may consist of many different structural components, is treated in the following as a single composite element. The derivation is quite general; consequently, the results can be used for a broad category of cable configurations. Individual helical armourning wires, for instance, may have unique geometric and material properties. In addition, no limit is placed on the number of wire layers. Furthermore, compressibility of the central core element can also be considered. The equations of equilibrium are first derived to include ‘internal’ geometric non-linearties produced by large deformations (axial elongation and rotatioin) of a straight cable element. These equations are then linearized in a consistent manner to give a liner stiffness matrix. Linear elasticity is assumed throughout. Excellent agreement with experimental results for two different cables validates the correctness of the analysis.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620140405
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  • 95
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    Frequency analysis of thick orthotropic plates on elastic foundation using a high precision triangular plate bending element (1979)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 14 (1979), S. 531-544 
    Details
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: A high precision triangular thick orthotropic plate bending element on an elastic foundation is developed for the free vibration analysis of thick plates on elastic foundation. The element has three nodes with twelve degrees-of-freedom per node, and takes into account the shear deformation and rotatory inertia. The accuracy of the element is established by comparison of the natural frequencies of certain thick and thin plates, determined from a consistent mass matrix formulation, with available results.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620140406
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    Stability analysis of explicit finite difference schemes for the Navier-Stokes equations (1979)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 14 (1979), S. 617-620 
    Details
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: The stability analysis of the hyperbolic and parabolic explicit difference schemes presented in our previous paper 1 is improved on. Analysis of the Fourier components gives rise to stability limits that are very near the actual numerical stability limits.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620140411
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    Over-relaxation and subspace iteration (1979)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 14 (1979), S. 629-630 
    Details
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Additional Material: 1 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620140414
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  • 98
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    Substructure variational analysis of the vibrations of coupled fluid-structure systems. Finite element results (1979)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 14 (1979), S. 741-755 
    Details
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: The finite element method is used for the computation of the variational modes of the system composed of an elastic tank partially filled with a compressible liquied. We propose, on the one hand, a direct approcach based on a three field mixed variational formulation, and, on the other hand, a variational modal interaction scheme allowing the use of the acoustic eigenmodes of the liquid in a rigid motionless enclosure and the hydroelastic modes of the enclosure. Numerical results show the advantage of the second procedure.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620140508
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    Finite element analysis of stress intensity factors for plane extension and plate bending problems (1979)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 14 (1979), S. 727-740 
    Details
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: This paper deals with the finite element calculation of the stress intensity faactors for plane extension and plate bending problems. On the basis of the plate theory including the effect of transverse shear deformation, the influences of plate thickness, crack length and plate width on the stress intensity faotors are investigated. The numeriacal analyses are carried out using the superposition method of analytical and finite element solutions. It is found that the present stress intensity factors calculated for cracked plates under plane extension as well as bending compare favorably with the analytical ones.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620140507
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    A note on the accuracy of Gauss-Legendre quadrature in the finite element methodIowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011. (1979)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 14 (1979), S. 769-773 
    Details
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Additional Material: 3 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620140510
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