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  • 1985-1989  (4,500)
  • 1988  (4,500)
  • Polymer and Materials Science  (3,199)
  • Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy  (1,301)
Material
Years
  • 1985-1989  (4,500)
Year
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Chemometrics 2 (1988), S. 67-79 
    ISSN: 0886-9383
    Keywords: Experimental design ; Multivariate calibration ; Variable selection ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Methods of multivariate calibration use models that relate spectral data or sensor array responses to the concentrations of analytes. The goal is to insure that the calibration model can accurately estimate analyte concentrations in unknown samples not contained in the calibration set. The sensors or spectral channels (e.g. wavelengths) selected for incorporation in the model, as well as the samples selected for the calibration step, are known to have an effect on the accuracy of analysis for unknown samples. This work provides a fundamental treatment of this effect and derives criteria for optimal selection. Additionally, a proof is given for the advantage of having more sensors and calibration samples than analytes - the overdetermined case.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Chemometrics 2 (1988) 
    ISSN: 0886-9383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Chemometrics 2 (1988), S. i 
    ISSN: 0886-9383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Chemometrics 2 (1988), S. 1-10 
    ISSN: 0886-9383
    Keywords: Linear discriminant functions ; Pattern recognition ; Monte Carlo simulations ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: In applications of pattern recognition techniques to problems in chemical fingerprinting, only limited knowledge about the underlying statistical distribution of the data is generally available. This means that non-parametric methods must be used. Non-parametric discriminant functions have been used to provide insight into relationships contained within sets of chemical measurements. However, classification based on random or chance separation can be a serious problem. Monte Carlo simulation studies have been carried out to assess the probability of chance classification for non-parametric linear discriminants. The level of expected chance classification is a function of the number of observations (the number of samples), the dimensionality of the problem (the number of independent variables per observation), class membership distribution and the covariance structure of the data being examined. An approach for assessing the level of significance of classification scores obtained from real training sets will be presented. These simulation studies establish limits on the approaches that can be taken with real data sets so that chance classification are improbable, and provide information necessary for integrating the data analysis into the overall experimental design.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    ISSN: 0886-9383
    Keywords: Oligosaccharides ; Glycoproteins ; Identification ; Substructure analysis ; High-resolution ; 1H-NMR spectra ; Computer retrieval ; Reproducibility ; Chemical shifts ; Similarity index ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Based on a statistical model of the reproducibility of NMR spectral features, a system for computer retrieval of high-resolution 1H-NMR spectra of glycoprotein carbohydrates has been developed. For corresponding peaks in an unknown and a reference spectrum, a similarity index based on the reproducibility of the chemical shifts is calculated. In addition, a second similarity index, based on the probability distribution of the percentage of non-matching peaks, has been developed. From these two similarity indices, a combined similarity index using the recall-reliability function as the optimizing criterion has been derived.First results indicate that the ‘1H-NMR reproducibility-based retrieval’ (‘1HRR’) system offers good perspectives for both identification and substructure analysis.
    Additional Material: 12 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    ISSN: 0886-9383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Chemometrics 2 (1988), S. 247-263 
    ISSN: 0886-9383
    Keywords: Calibration ; Tensor ; Multivariate ; PCR ; MLR ; PLS ; Regression ; Multidimensional arrays ; Order ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Many analytical instruments now produce one-, two- or n-dimensional arrays of data that must be used for the analysis of samples. An integrated approach to linear calibration of such instruments is presented from a tensorial point of view. The data produced by these instruments are seen as the components of a first-, second- or nth-order tensor respectively. In this first paper, concepts of linear multivariate calibration are developed in the framework of first-order tensors, and it is shown that the problem of calibration is equivalent to finding the contravariant vector corresponding to the analyte being calibrated. A model of the subspace spanned by the variance in the calibration must be built to compute the contravarian vectors. It is shown that the only difference between methods such as least squares, principal components regression, latent root regression, ridge regression and partial least squres resides in the choice of the model.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Chemometrics 2 (1988), S. 265-280 
    ISSN: 0886-9383
    Keywords: Calibration ; Tensor ; Multivariate ; Order ; Regression ; Generalized rank annihilation ; GRAM ; Multi order ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Tensorial calibration provides a useful approach to calibration in general. For calibration of instruments that produce two-dimensional (second-order) arrays of data per sample, tensoial concepts are as natural a way of solving the calibration problem as vectorial concepts are for the multivariate problem. Similarly, for third- and higher-order data, the tensorial description of calibration is also useful. This paper introduces second-order calibration from a tensorial point of view. Univariate, multivariate and bilinear approaches to calibration are presented. The generalized rank annihilation method (GRAM) is described from the tensorial perspective, and it is shown that GRAM is equivalent to finding a second-order tensorial base that spans both tensors (calibration and unknown) with respective diagonal component matrices. GRAM uses a single calibration sample for multicomponent analysis even in the presence of interference. Second-order bilinear calibration is extended to multiple calibration samples where the effect of collinearities is reduced.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Chemometrics 2 (1988), S. 81-84 
    ISSN: 0886-9383
    Keywords: Multiclass analysis ; Covariance correlation display ; Variable Discriminant plots ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Principal component analysis is a useful method for analysing data-matrices. By analysing separate class models, i.e. disjoint principal component modelling as in the SIMCA or FCVPC programs (developed for supervised and unsupervised principal component analysis respectively), the principal component variance/covariance decomposition (class models) may be used to investigate and interpret the data-structure of separate classes. The potential of comparing the loadings of variables on subsequent eigenvectors in two class models where the same variables have been used will give information for determining how the variance/covariance in the two datasets differ. This information may then be used either to formulate a hypothesis or to select variables which are specific for the different classes.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Chemometrics 2 (1988), S. 91-92 
    ISSN: 0886-9383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 11
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Chemometrics 2 (1988), S. 85-89 
    ISSN: 0886-9383
    Keywords: Linear discriminant functions ; Pattern recognition ; Monte Carlo simulations ; Chance classification ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Classification rules using non-parametric linear discriminant functions are often developed from training sets that are not linearly separable. In these situations it is a common practice among inexperienced workers to use many different pattern recognition methods and then select the results that look the best. However, this practice will only increase the risk of spurious results. To document this, we recently carried out a series of Monte Carlo simulation studies to assess the level of chance classification for two different classification algorithms. The level of chance classification for a given dichotomy is found to vary with the choice of the non-parametric linear discriminant function employed. Although previous workers have indicated that the degree of separation in the data due to chance is only a function of the object-to-descriptor ratio, the results of this study suggest otherwise.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 12
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Chemometrics 2 (1988) 
    ISSN: 0886-9383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 13
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Chemometrics 2 (1988), S. i 
    ISSN: 0886-9383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 14
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Chemometrics 2 (1988), S. 155-167 
    ISSN: 0886-9383
    Keywords: Principal component regression ; Multivariate calibration ; Near-infrared reflectance ; Prediction ability ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: In this paper we present formulae for prediction error related to principal component regression (PCR). The difference between PCR and ordinary least-squares (LS) regression is discussed in relation to these formulae. This discussion is used as a basis for a treatment of PCR in NIR analysis. The theory is illustrated by two examples from NIR analysis.
    Additional Material: 6 Tab.
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  • 15
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Chemometrics 2 (1988), S. i 
    ISSN: 0886-9383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 16
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Chemometrics 2 (1988), S. 189-202 
    ISSN: 0886-9383
    Keywords: Computing system performance evaluation ; Ion microscopic analysis ; Digital image processing ; Monte Carlo simulations ; Supercomputer ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: There has been a steadily increasing demand for more computational power in surface and interface analysis. This paper reports attempts to meet these demands through the use of different computing systems, ranging from minicomputer to supercomputer. Representative laboratory data processing programs for ion microscopic analysis are used to evaluate the performance of each system. The bottlenecks and other problems involved in running analytical programs on faster machines are identified and discussed. Results indicate that in order to attain the optimal cost-performance ratio, programs must be tailored to specific forms required by the computing system. Algorithms must be formulated to exploit available vector and parallel processing capabilities.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 17
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Chemometrics 2 (1988), S. 121-136 
    ISSN: 0886-9383
    Keywords: Discriminant analysis ; Linear mixtures ; Residual vectors ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: In an earlier paper by Burdick and Rayens a model was developed which uses discriminant analysis to construct estimates of linear mixing proportions. In this paper a method is proposed for identifying potentially unreliable estimates when using the Burdick/Rayens model. It is also shown to be useful in detecting irregularities in the sample data. The methodology is based on the lengths of residual vectors and is demonstrated within the context of polychlorinated biphenyl mixtures.
    Additional Material: 13 Tab.
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  • 18
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Chemometrics 2 (1988), S. 137-154 
    ISSN: 0886-9383
    Keywords: Recursive parameter estimation ; Digital filtering ; Kinetic analysis ; Kalman filtering ; Computational efficiency ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The extended Kalman filter has been used to estimate initial reactant concentrations and rate constants for rate-based chemical assays employing a second-order chemical reaction. Application of first- and second-order models to data permits reaction order identification by examining either the filter innovations or the evolution of the filter states. Because of non-linearities in the second-order kinetic model, repetitive filtering is necessary for convergence to reliable state estimates. Reduction of the filter calculation burden is investigated through the use of information-based filter methods, and it is demonstrated that substantial decreases in the computational burden are possible without loss of filter accuracy. These decreases make possible the application of second-order filters on large data sets, and they make real-time filtering possible with a fast processor.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 19
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Chemometrics 2 (1988), S. 29-37 
    ISSN: 0886-9383
    Keywords: Pattern recognition ; Principal component analysis ; Linear discriminant analysis ; Classification ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Gas chromatography and pattern recognition methods have been used to develop a potential method for differentiating between European and Africanized honey-bees based on chemical constitution. 243 European, African and Africanized honey-bees were characterized by 40-peak GCs of cuticular hydrocarbon extracts. Discriminants were developed that correctly classified the bees, and these discriminants were used successfully to classify bees of unknown origin, including hybrids.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
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  • 20
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Chemometrics 2 (1988), S. 39-48 
    ISSN: 0886-9383
    Keywords: Regression modelling ; Cross-validation ; Bootstrap ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A general problem arising in the development of regression models is the selection of the optimal model. Whenever a feature selection procedure, such as step forward, backward elimination, best subset or all possible combinations, or when a data compression approach, such as principal components or partial least-squares regression, is used, the question of how many regression terms to include in the final model must be addressed.This work describes the evaluation of four different criteria for selection of the optimal predictive regression model using cross-validation. The results obtained in this work illustrate the problems which can arise in the analysis of small or inadequately sampled data sets. The common approach, selecting the model which yields the absolute minimum in the predictive residual error sum of squares (PRESS), was found to have particularly poor statistical properties. A very simple change to a criterion based on the first local minimum in PRESS will provide a significant improvement in the cross-validation result. A criterion based on testing the significance of incremental changes in PRESS with an F-test may provide more robust performance than the local minimum in PRESS method.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
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  • 21
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Chemometrics 2 (1988), S. 111-119 
    ISSN: 0886-9383
    Keywords: Oscillating reactions ; Rank determination ; Submatrix analysis ; Principal component analysis ; Spectroscopy ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Submatrix analysis has been extended to systems in which the values of adjustable parameters are not known. The technique is illustrated by application to phosphoric acid and to the chlorite-iodide oscillating reaction.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
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  • 22
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Chemometrics 2 (1988), S. 230-230 
    ISSN: 0886-9383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 23
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Chemometrics 2 (1988) 
    ISSN: 0886-9383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 24
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Chemometrics 2 (1988), S. 231-246 
    ISSN: 0886-9383
    Keywords: Partial least squares models ; History of PLS ; Soft versus hard modelling ; Latent variables ; Path models ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The growing awareness of the need for non-deterministic and distribution-free (soft) models combined with an iterative algorithm for finding latent variables led to the construction of partial least squares models. There have been separate developments in the humanistic and the natural sciences, with stress on different aspects and a different terminology. The historical development is described and some key topics are explained.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
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  • 25
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Chemometrics 2 (1988), S. 297-297 
    ISSN: 0886-9383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 26
    ISSN: 0886-9383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 27
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Chemometrics 2 (1988) 
    ISSN: 0886-9383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 28
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Chemometrics 2 (1988), S. 203-209 
    ISSN: 0886-9383
    Keywords: Particle characterization ; Savitzky-Golay filtering ; Smoothing parameters ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Microstructure laboratory equipment can most easily be interfaced to computers of the PC generation, which offers the facility to extract more information from the measurements performed. A formulation of the Savitzky-Golay smoother with a newly developed calculation of the necessary weighting factors provides enhanced flexibility in the choice of the smoothing parameters.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
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  • 29
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Chemometrics 2 (1988), S. 171-187 
    ISSN: 0886-9383
    Keywords: PLS ; Multivariate analysis ; Carcinogenicity ; Carcinogenicity models ; Short-term tests for carcinogens ; Carcinogenesis screening ; QSAR ; Predictive toxicology ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Partial least squares modelling in latent variables is applied to the analysis of short-term test genotoxicity data obtained by testing 42 chemicals, known carcinogens and non-carcinogens, in 35 different assay systems that are deemed to be potential indicators of carcinogencity. Results of a preliminary analysis of all data, and of a second analysis on a reduced data base, are presented. The latter analysis provided a model explaining 73% of variance, whereby no false negative or positive was predicted among 38 chemicals, in spite of qualitative predictions indicating five false positives and two false negatives. Only nine out of 35 assays appear to be relevant to the description of carcinogenicity/non-carcinogenicity of chemical substances.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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  • 30
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Chemometrics 2 (1988), S. 211-228 
    ISSN: 0886-9383
    Keywords: Partial least squares ; Component regression ; Model building ; Covariance decomposition ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: In this paper we develop the mathematical and statistical structure of PLS regression. We show the PLS regression algorithm and how it can be interpreted in model building. The basic mathematical principles that lie behind two block PLS are depicted. We also show the statistical aspects of the PLS method when it is used for model building. Finally we show the structure of the PLS decompositions of the data matrices involved.
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  • 31
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Chemometrics 2 (1988), S. 229-229 
    ISSN: 0886-9383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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  • 32
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Chemometrics 2 (1988), S. i 
    ISSN: 0886-9383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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  • 33
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Chemometrics 2 (1988), S. 49-65 
    ISSN: 0886-9383
    Keywords: Laboratory organization ; Expert systems ; Digital simulation ; Decision support ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: An expert system (LABGEN) is presented for decision support in analytical laboratories by means of digital simulation. In an interactive manner, LABGEN constructs simulation models of laboratory organizations. It makes use of a database of model fragments and applies rules in order to prevent the user providing redundant information and to prevent inconsistent models being constructed. The models are written in the dedicated simulation language SIMULA. After compilation they can be used for simulation experiments. LABGEN can be applied to a wide range of laboratory organizations. An example of the application of LABGEN is presented.
    Additional Material: 14 Ill.
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  • 34
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    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Chemometrics 2 (1988), S. 93-109 
    ISSN: 0886-9383
    Keywords: Multivariate calibration ; Error estimation ; Confidence intervals ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: When arrays of non-selective sensors or overlapping spectra are used for chemical analysis, multivariate calibration must be used to relate the instrument responses to individual analytes. Using a set of carefully selected calibration samples, a multivariate mathematical model is constructed for one or more analytes. If this step is successful, the model can be used to predict the concentrations of these analytes in prospective samples. Previously, the equations required to estimate the errors in the predicted concentrations, and from these the confidence intervals, were not available because the three sources of error (measured responses from calibration data, concentrations of the analytes in the calibration set and measured responses from the unknown sample) propagated in a non-linear manner not amenable to statistical analysis. A new theory for error propagation is developed. The theory developed herein does not require estimates of the actual three sources of errors mentioned above and therefore is easy to implement. Data from near-infrared reflectance spectrometry of wheat samples were used to test the equations derived from the theory. Complete agreement between the true prediction errors and those estimated from the theory is demonstrated.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
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  • 35
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    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Chemometrics 2 (1988), S. 170-170 
    ISSN: 0886-9383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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  • 36
    Electronic Resource
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    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Chemometrics 2 (1988), S. 281-296 
    ISSN: 0886-9383
    Keywords: Partial least squares ; Receptor modelling ; Colinearities ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Partial least squares regression (PLS) is proposed for solving ir pollution source apportionment problems as an alternative method to the frequently used chemical mass balance technique. A discriminant PLS is used to calculate linear mixing proportions for a synthetic ambient aerosol data set where the truth is known. Without sacrificing orthogonality of the source profiles, PLS can resolve the emission sources and accurately predict the emission source contributions. Further extensions of the PLS approach to environmental receptor modelling are discussed.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
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  • 37
    ISSN: 0886-9383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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  • 38
    ISSN: 0886-9383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 39
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    Weinheim [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 39 (1988), S. 90-97 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Erfahrungen mit ferritischen und austenitischen Stählen sowie hochlegierten Werkstoffen für überhitzer, insbesondere Zwischenüberhitzer kohlebefeuerter DampferzeugerDas Verhalten von Überhitzer- bzw. Zwischenüberhitzerrohren in kohlebefeuerten Anlagen aus ferritischen und austenitischen Stählen gegenüber Hochtemperatur-Korrosion ist in der Vergangenheit Gegenstand verschiedener Untersuchungen gewesen. Durch den Einsatz des Stahles X 20 CrMo V 12 1 in den 60er Jahren glaubte man, ein gegen Hochtemperaturkorrosion beständiges Material gefunden zu haben. Aber schon nach 60 000 Betriebsstunden traten erste Rohrreisser auf. Infolge der Veränderungen auf dem Brennstoffsektor Anfang der 60er Jahre schwand das Interesse and der Lösung dieses Problems um mit der Energiekrise wieder an Aktualität-zu gewinnen.In England und in den Vereinigten Staaten von Amerika hatte man schon vor mehr als 20 Jahren mit der Entwicklung von Rohrwerkstoffen mit verbesserter Beständigkeit gegen Hochtemperaturkorrosion begonnen. So kamen z. B. Verbundrohre, die aus einem warmfesten Kernrohr aus Incoloy 800 H und einem Außenrohr aus Inconel 671 bestehen, zum Einsatz. Sie haben sich in kohlebefeuerten Anlagen ausgezeichnet bewährt. Von der Deutschen Babcockwerke AG wurde vorgeschlagen, ein derartiges Rohr versuchsweise in Kessel 14, Block 3, des Großkraftwerkes Mannheim einzubauen. Das Versuchsrohr war mit X 20 CrMoV 12 1 vorgeschuht, so daß ein unmittelbarer Vergleich beider Rohrwerkstoffe möglich ist. Nach rund 22 000 Betriebsstunden wurde das Rohr zur Untersuchung ausgebaut. Der Abtrag bzw. der Korrosionsangriff war äußerst gering. Hierüber und über die Gefügeveränderung im Werkstoff wird berichtet.
    Notes: In the past the performance of superheater and reheater tubes in coal-fired systems manufactured of ferritic and austenitic steels with respect to high-temperature corrosion has been the subject of various studies. After having adopted the steel X20 CrMo V 12 1 in the sixties the assumption was to have found a high-temperature corrosion resistant material. But already after 60,000 operating hours first tube failures occurred. As a result of the changes in fuel application at the beginning of the sixties interest in solving this problem faded, only to regain significance after the energy crisis.Already more than 20 years ago in England and the United States of America the development of tube materials having an upgraded corrosion resistance had started. Thus, e.g. compound tubes consisting of a creep-resistant tube core made of Incoloy 800 H and a cladding tube of Inconel 671 were introduced. They exhibited excellent characteristics in coal-fired units. Deutsche Babcock AG suggested to install, for test purposes, such a tube in Boiler 14, Unit 3 of Grosskraftwerk Mannheim. The test tube had safe ends of X 20 CrMO V 12 1, thus allowing a direct comparison of the two tube materials. After 22, 000 operating hours the tube was removed for examination. Wall reduction and corrosion damage was found to be extremely small.The paper will discuss this finding and the microstructure modifications in the material.
    Additional Material: 15 Ill.
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  • 40
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 39 (1988), S. 177-178 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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  • 41
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 39 (1988), S. 213-242 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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  • 42
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 39 (1988), S. 114-114 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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  • 43
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 39 (1988), S. 249-267 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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  • 44
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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  • 45
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 39 (1988), S. 180-183 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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  • 46
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 39 (1988), S. 183-183 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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  • 47
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 39 (1988), S. R27 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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  • 48
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 39 (1988), S. R24 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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  • 49
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 39 (1988), S. R34 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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  • 50
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 39 (1988), S. R40 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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  • 51
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 39 (1988), S. R90 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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  • 52
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 39 (1988), S. R96 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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  • 53
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 39 (1988), S. R43 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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  • 54
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    Weinheim [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 39 (1988) 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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  • 55
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 39 (1988), S. 184-184 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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  • 56
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    Weinheim [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 39 (1988) 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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  • 57
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 39 (1988), S. 280-282 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Einfluß der Temperatur auf das elektrochemische Korrosionsverhalten von TitanDer Einfluß der Temperatur auf die elektrochemischen Korrosionseigenschaften des handelsüblichen VT 1-0 Titans wurde in 1 mol/dm3 Schwefelsäure-Lösungen im Temperaturbereich 293-353 K untersucht. Die elektrochemischen Messungen wurden mittels galvanostatischer und quasi-potentiostatischer Polarisationsmethoden durchgeführt. Die Korrosionsgeschwindigkeiten wurden auch aufgrund des Massenverlustes bestimmt. Die Steilheit der aus den galvanostatischen Polarisationsmessungen erhaltenen kathodischen Tafel-Geraden ändert sich anomalerweise mit der Temperatur. Aus den Massenverlustdaten berechnete Korrosionsgeschwindigkeiten haben eine größere Temperaturabhängigkeit als diejenigen, die mit der Polarisationsmethode bestimmt wurden, aus auf eine Selbstauflösung hinweist.Die Ergebnisse wurden der Anwesenheit einer Hydridschicht zugeschrieben. In dieser Schicht nimmt das Wasserstoff/Titan-Verhältnis mit der steigenden Temperatur zu. Das Titanhydrid spielt eine entscheidende Rolle sowohl in der Wasserstoffentwicklung als auch in der Selbstauflösung.
    Notes: The influence of variations in temperature on the electrochemical corrosion properties of VT 1-0 commercial titanium was studied in deaerated 1 mol/dm3 sulphuric acid between 293 and 353 K. Galvanostatic and quasi-potentiostatic polarization measurements were carried out. Corrosion rates were determined by mass loss measurements, too. The slopes of the cathodic Tafel-like lines obtained with galvanostatic polarization change anomalously with temperature. The corrosion rates calculated from the mass loss data increase with increasing temperature at a higher rate than those determined with the polarization method, pointing to a self-dissolution process. The results are attributed to a hydride layer with a H/Ti ratio increasing with temperature. Titanium hydride may play a dominant role both in the hydrogen evolution reaction and in the self-dissolution process.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Investigation of corrosion in the development of decontamination solutions for nuclear systems - Part II: The corrosion behaviour of several nuclear materials in fluoride containing, complex forming acid solutionsBecause of their capability to dissolve the radionuclide-containing oxide layers on nickel-chromium alloys, aqueous solutions of fluorboric acid, silicofluoric acid, and potassium silico-fluoride are suitable for decontaminating high temperature gas turbine materials. In these solutions, the nickel-chromium alloy Nimocast 713 LC as well as the molybdenum alloy TZM as turbine blade materials are only slightly corroded without pitting corrosion. However, they cause heavy pitting corrosion on the mild steel 21 CrMoV 5 11 of the turbine rotor. Though the extensive corrosion rates of the mild steel can be reduced by up to two orders of magnitude by adding suitable, solution specific inhibitors to the solutions, the formation of pits is not completely avoidable.
    Notes: Zur Dekontamination von Hochtemperatur-Gasturbinen-Werkstoffen eignen sich wäßrige Lösungen von Fluorborsäure, Hexafluorkieselsäure und Kaliumiluorosilicat, weil sie die radionuklidhaltigen oxidischen Oberflächenschichten auf Nickel-Chrom-Legierungen zu lösen vermögen. In diesen Lösungen tritt an der Nickel-Chrom-Legierung Nimocast 713 LC und an der Molybdänlegierung TZM als Turbinenschaufelwerkstoffe bei nur geringen Massenverlustraten keine Lochkorrosion auf. An dem niedriglegierten Stahl 21 CrMoV 5 11 als Turbinenrotorwerkstoff verursachen diese Lösungen jedoch starke Lochkorrosion. Obwohl die beträchtlichen Massenverlustraten am niedriglegierten Stahl durch geeignete lösungsspezifische Inhibitoren um bis zu zwei Größenordnungen herabgesetzt werden können, läßt sich die Lochbildung nicht ganz vermeiden.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
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  • 59
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 39 (1988) 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 39 (1988), S. R18 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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  • 61
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 39 (1988), S. 43-44 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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  • 62
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 39 (1988), S. 369-378 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Calculation of crack growth in welded specimens under seawater conditions in order to predict fatigue life of offshore componentsWelded components in the offshore field generally are designed that no cracks should occur. Under cyclic loading cracks must be taken in account, yet.In the research work described a suitable calculation method had to be proved to predict the crack growth behaviour of offshore components in seawater and under service-like conditions.Using Paris' law the crack growth behaviour of specimens which are similar to the component (welded V-shape specimens) may be predicted quite well in air, free corrosion, under cathodic protection (-860 mV Ag/AgCl) and under a variable load sequence.The use of Wheeler's model including crack retardation yielded in a significant higher crack propagation life and therefore unconservative predictions of fatigue life.
    Notes: Geschweißte Bauteile im Offshore-Bereich werden zwar prinzipiell so dimensioniert, daß keine Risse auftreten sollten, unter schwingender Beanspruchung muß aber dennoch mit Anrissen gerechnet werden.Ziel des vorliegenden Forschungsvorhabens war, ein geeignetes Rechenverfahren für das Rißfortschrittsverhalten von Bauteilen aus Offshore-Stählen im Meerwasser und unter betriebsähnlichen Belastungen zu überprüfen.Mit der Rißfortschrittsmethode nach Paris läßt sich das Rißfortschrittsverhalten von bauteilähnlichen Proben (geschweißte Winkelproben) unter einer betriebsähnlichen Lastfolge an Luft, bei freier Korrosion und bei kathodischem Schutz (-860 mV Ag/AgCl) relativ genau vorhersagen.Die Verwendung des Wheeler-Modells mit Rißverzögerung führte zu einer deutlich höheren Rißfortschrittslebensdauer und damit zu Vorhersagen auf der unsicheren Seite.
    Additional Material: 15 Ill.
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  • 63
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 39 (1988), S. 48-54 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Feuerseitige Korrosion in Kesseln von niederländischen ElektrizitätswerkenIm Jahre 1990 soll mehr als 50% der Elektrizität in den Niederlanden in Kohlekraftwerken erzeugt werden. Dabei führt die feuerseitige Korrosion zu einer zwar geringen, jedoch vom wirtschaftlichen Standpunkt nicht zu vernachlässigenden Nichtverfügbarkeit der Anlagen. Zur Verhinderung dieser Schäden werden Maßnahmen auf den Gebieten Werkstoffe, Zusatzstoffe und Mischen von Kohle getroffen. Um das Jahr 1980 hatte Schweröl einen beträchtlichen Anteil (40%) an der Energieerzeugung: die aus dieser Zeit stammenden Erfahrungen mit Korrosion und Zusatzstoffen werden zusammenfassend behandelt. Um die Gesamtwirkungsgrade zu verbessern, wurden Untersuchungen mit neuen, coextrudierten Werkstoffen unter scharfen Korrosionsbedingungen durchgeführt; in diesem Zusammenhang wurde auch das Kriechverhalten bei hohen Temperaturen untersucht. Außerdem laufen Untersuchungen über den Einfluß von Verbrennungstechniken mit niedriger Stickoxidbildung auf die Korrosion der wasserseitigen Rohre und auf dem Gebiet der IGCC-Anlagen.
    Notes: In 1990 the electricity in the Netherlands will be generated for more than 50% with coal as fuel. Fireside corrosion causes a minor, but from an economic point of view not negligible, contribution to unforseen plant unavailability. Measures are taken concerning materials, additives and coal blending. Around 1980 heavy oil had an essential (40%) part in the power generation: experiences with corrosion and additives from that period are summarized. Research has been carried out with new coextruded materials under severe corrosion conditions in order to improve the overall unit efficiency. Creep tests at elevated temperatures have been performed in connection to this. Furthermore research is going on concerning the effects of low NOx burning techniques (on the corrosion behaviour of waterwall tubes) and in the field of IGCC-plants.
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 39 (1988), S. 379-384 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Korrosionsverhalten der Aluminiumlegierung AA 6351 in bei höheren Temperaturen abgebauten Glykol/Wasser-LösungenEin Forschungsprogramm wurde aufgestellt, um das Korrosionsverhalten der in Solarkollektrosystemen vorwiegend verwendeten Metalle zu ermitteln. Die üblichen Wärmeträssigkeiten, wie wäßrige Glykollösungen, sind wenig aggressiv, solange sie nicht verschmutzt oder durch Einwirkung höherer Temperaturen zersetzt wurden.Die vorliegende Arbeit behandelt das Korrosionsverhalten der Aluminiumlegierung 6351 (Richtanalyse (%) 1 Si, 0,6 Mg, 0,3 Mn, Rest Al) in Ethylenglykol/- oder Propylenglykol/Wasser-Lösungen (1:1 Vol.) nach Abbau bei 108°C in Kontakt mit der als Katalysator der oxidativen Zersetzung von Glykol wirkenden Legierung AA 6351.Die in dieser Lösung bei 80°C und einer Versuchsdauer von 60 Tagen durchgeführten Untersuchungen haben gezeigt, daß durch den thermischen Abbau die Geschwindigkeit der ebenmäßigen Korrosion erhöht wird und außerdem beträchtliche Lochkorrosion auftritt. Die Lochkorrosion kann vor allem der Wirkung der Kupferionen zugeschrieben werden, die bei der Auflösung des Aluminiums entstehen und in der Lösung mittels Atomadsorptionsspektroskopie nachgewiesen werden können.In Zusammenhang mit den Abbauversuchen wurden auch Versuche in gepufferter Ethylenglykol/Wasser-Lösung (pH 4) bei 80°C durchgeführt, wobei der Lösung gezielt Säuren zugesetzt wurden, die bei der oxidativen Zersetzung von Glykol entstehen (Oxal-, Glykol-, Essig- und Ameisensäure); die Konzentrationen betrugen 10-3 oder 10-2 M.In diesen Lösungen wurde das Korrosionsverhalten von AA 6351 30 Tage lang untersucht, wobei die Gewichtsverluste und der Polarisationswiderstand gemessen und nach zwei Stunden bzw. 30 Tagen Polarisationskurven aufgenommen wurden.Nur Oxalsäure und 10-2 M Glykolsäure führten dabei zu einer Erhöhung der Korrosionsgeschwindigkeit, das jedoch nur in der Anfangszeit der Versuche. Sobald in Lösungen mit diesen Säuren Deckschichten entstanden waren, boten diese sehr guten Schutz.Das Verhalten von AA 6351 in Lösungen mit Oxal- und Glykolsäure ist demnach damit zu erklären, daß keine unlöslichen Aluminiumsalze der organischen Säuren entstehen, sondern vielmehr ein Oxidfilm mit spezifischer Dichte und hohem Schutzvermögen.
    Notes: A research programme has been developed to characterize the corrosion behaviour of the metals most widely used in solar collector systems.Common heat transfer fluids such as glycol/water solutions show a low aggressivity, unless pollution or high temperature exposure (degradation) occur.This paper deals with the study of the corrosion behaviour of the aluminium alloy 6351 (nominal composition: 1% Si, 0.6%Mg, 0.3% Mn, the balance Al) in ethylene or propylene glycol (EG or PG)/water solutions (1:1 in volume) degraded at 108°C in contact with AA 6351 as glycol oxidative degradation catalyzer.The tests in degraded solutions, performed at 80°C over a period of 60 days, showed that degradation causes an increase in the uniform corrosion rates and a remarkable pitting attack.Pitting corrosion has been mainly attributed to the action of copper ions dissolved from the aluminium alloy and detected in the solutions by atomic adsorption analysis.In conjunction with the degradation studies, tests were also performed at 80°C in buffered PG/water solutions (pH 4) containing the acids reported to be produced during the process of glycol oxidative degradation (oxalic, glycolic, acetic and formic acids), at the concentrations 10-3 or 10-2 M.In these solutions the corrosion behaviour of AA 6351 was investigated over a period of 30 days by measuring the gravimetric corrosion rates and the polarization resistance values and by recording the polarization curves after 2 h or 30 days of immersion.Only oxalic acid and 10-2 M glycolic acid significantly increased the AA 6351 corrosion rates, but only in the first period of immersion. On the contrary, when the surface films were formed in the solutions of these acids, they afforded the highest protectivity.The analogous behaviour of AA 6351 in oxalic and glycolic solutions has not been attributed to the formation of an insoluble aluminium salt film with the organic anions, but rather to the growth of an oxide film with peculiar characteristics of thickness and protectivity.
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 39 (1988), S. 400-400 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 39 (1988), S. R99 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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  • 67
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    Weinheim [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 39 (1988), S. R102 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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  • 68
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    Weinheim [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 39 (1988), S. R108 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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  • 69
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    Weinheim [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 39 (1988), S. R111 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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  • 70
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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  • 71
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 39 (1988), S. R139 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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  • 72
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    Weinheim [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 39 (1988), S. R144 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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  • 73
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    Weinheim [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 39 (1988), S. 440-440 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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  • 74
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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  • 75
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    Weinheim [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 39 (1988) 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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  • 76
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    Weinheim [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 39 (1988), S. 453-462 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Einfluß von Phosphor auf die Stabilität des passiven Zustands von metallischen Gläsern basierend auf Fe und Fe-NiFür metallische Gläser basierend auf Fe und Fe-Ni wurde der Einfluß einer Substitution von B durch P untersucht. Die elektrochemischen Messungen haben gezeigt, daß der Austausch von B gegen P die Bildung von Passivschichten begünstigt und deren passiven Bereich stabilisiert. Oberflächenanalytische Untersuchungen mittels AES ergaben, daß für die auf Fe-Ni basierenden Gläser die Hauptbestandteile der Passivschicht Eisenoxide, Phosphor-Sauerstoff Spezies (meistens Phosphate) und Boroxid waren, während Nickeloxid praktisch nicht auftrat. Bezüglich der Phosphorverbindungen in der Passivschicht auf dem metallischen Substrat konnte eine gewisse Ähnlichkeit festgestellt werden mit Phosphor, der auf einer (100) orientierten Fe Einkristalloberfläche durch Segregation bei erhöhter Probentemperatur angereichert und anschließend oxidiert worden war. Darüber hinaus lassen die Ergebnisse, in Übereinstimmung mit früheren Befunden für kristallines Fe, vermuten, daß Bestandteile des Elektrolyten in den Passivfilm auf dem glasartigen Substrat inkorporiert werden.
    Notes: The effects of substituting P for B in Fe base and Fe-Ni base glasses have been investigated. The electrochemical measurements have shown that a substitution of B by P increases the ability of the alloys to passivate and stability of their passive state. Surface analysis with AES revealed that for Fe-Ni base glasses the main constituents of the passive film were: iron oxides, phosphorus-oxygen species (mostly phosphates) and boron oxide whereas Ni oxides were depleted. There was a certain similarity between the Auger spectra for phosphorus in the passive film on the glassy substrate and for segregated, and subsequently oxidized, phosphorus on a (100) oriented Fe single crystal. The results suggest, moreover, in agreement with the previous findings for crystalline Fe that the electrolyte components are incorporated into the passivating film on glassy substrates.
    Additional Material: 23 Ill.
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  • 77
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 39 (1988), S. 412-416 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: A new way to improve corrosion protection layers on steel exposed to hot waterThe corrosion of steels in hot water is self-stifled by the formation of oxide films. In cooling circuits of pressurized water reactors the residual corrosion is still high enough to produce radioactive corrosion products to such a degree as to complicate operations. A further lowering of the corrosion rate demands a more effective inhibition of the transport of corrosion reactants through the film. A closer investigation of the transport paths discussed so far showed that diffusion through water-filled pores dominates. It is postulated that the whole oxide layer forms by means of a combined mechanism of solution and deposition whereby pores are defined as interstices between the growing crystals. On the whole, an increase in the corrosion-protective value of the film is linked with a decrease in its porosity. This is attainable if, in the initial phase of the film growth, the corrosive environment contains titanium or zirconium compounds originating hydrous oxides fit for deposition upon the materials surface in subcolloidal dispersion. The resulting hindrance of the growth of oxide crystals leads to the formation of thin, apparently amorphous films having improved corrosion-protective properties.
    Notes: Die Heißwasserkorrosion von Stählen unterliegt der Selbsthemmung durch die Entstehung oxidischer Deckschichten. In Kühlkreisläufen von Druckwasserreaktoren ist die Restkorrosionsrate aber noch hoch genug, um radioaktive Korrosionsprodukte in einem betriebsstörenden Maße entstehen zu lassen. Die weitergehende Senkung der Korrosionsrate verlangt eine noch stärkere Hemmung des Transports von Reaktanten des Korrosionsprozesses durch die Deckschicht. Bei der näheren Untersuchung der bisher diskutierten Transportwege wurde die Dominanz der Diffusion durch wassergefüllte Poren erkannt. Es wird postuliert, daß die gesamte Oxidschicht nach einem Lösungs-Fällungs-Mechanismus entsteht, wobei als Poren die Lücken zwischen den sich bildenden Kristalliten definiert werden. Die Erhöhung des Korrosionsschutzwertes der Deckschicht ist nach alledem an die Verminderung ihrer Porosität gebunden. Dieses Ziel wird erreicht, wenn das Korrosionsmedium in der Anfangsphase der Schichtbildung Verbindungen von Titanium oder Zirkonium enthält, aus denen sich Oxidhydrate bilden und in subkolloidaler Verteilung auf der Werkstoffoberfläche abscheiden. Die damit bewirkte Behinderung des Wachstums der Oxidkristalle führt zur Bildung dünner amorph erscheinender Schichten mit verbesserten Schutzeigenschaften.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
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  • 78
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 39 (1988), S. 416-423 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Stress corrosion cracking of Inconel 600 tubing: Influence of thermal treatment, NaOH concentration and temperatureA study has been performed concerning the role of thermal treatments on the SCC behaviour of Inconel 600 tubing in NaOH solutions in the temperature range 315-360°C. An additional investigation was undertaken to establish the effect of the NaOH concentration built-up under magnetite deposits. The changes in the microstructural variables in the four metallurgical conditions studied were indentified by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). C-ring and slow strain rate tests (10-6s-1) yielded identical results. SEM fractographs were additionally taken to reveal the cracking mode. It has been found that thermal treatment improves the SCC resistance in hot caustic solutions; particularly annealing at 650°C for 50 h appeared to impart the maximum improvement of SCC resistance.
    Notes: Eine Unterschung über den Einfluß der Wärmebehandlung auf das SpRK-Verhalten von Rohren aus Inconel 600 in NaOH-Lösungen bei 315 bis 360°C wurde ergänzt durch Untersuchungen über den Einfluß der NaOH-Anreicherung unter Magnetitschichten; die dabei auftretenden Gefügeänderungen wurden mittels TEM nachgewiesen. Versuche mit C-Ringen und mit langsamer Dehnung (slow strain rate, SSR) bei 10-6s-1 Dehngeschwindigkeit führten zu den gleichen Ergebnissen; REM-Untersuchungen wurden zur Beurteilung der Bruchflächen ausgeführt. Dabei zeigte sich, daß Wärmebehandlung die Anfälligkeit für SpRK in Natronlauge bei hohen Temperaturen vermindert; insbesondere scheint die Wärmebehandlung bei 650°C/50h das SpRK-Verhalten besonders wirkungsvoll zu verbessern.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
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  • 79
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 39 (1988), S. 406-412 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Measures for corrosion protection of buried pipelines and their controlCorrosion protection of buried pipelines involves a combination of proper coating and electrochemical protective measures. The cathodic protection is based on the potential dependence of corrosion rates of steel in water. The theory is easy to understand. But problems in service arise with respect to questions on current distribution as well as the control by pipe-to-soil potential measurements. Proper coating is an essential requirement for an adequate current distribution. In the neighbourhood of large holidays disturbances of the current distribution can occur which can go undetected by normal potential control in steps of 1 to 2 km depending on the soil conditions. For a better control the intensive measuring technique was employed. By this method pipe-to-soil potentials and potential gradients for both “on” and “off” conditions of the polarisation current are measured in steps of 5 m. The values are evaluated through a computer assisted programme. Pipe sections with large holidays and with insufficient polarisation can thus be detected. In special cases that are characterized by high cell currents caused by contact with foreign structures or by stray currents from foreign dc sources it is difficult to measure IR-free potentials. In this case external measuring probes are installed which simulate holidays of the object to be protected. The potential of these probes can be measured without IR-drops with the aid of capillaries. The probes inform on proper cathodic protection, provided the holidays of the object to be protected are smaller than the testing area of the probe. With the aid of the intensive measuring technique as well as the application of the measuring probes it is possible to control the total object to be protected. But in the case of very high ac densities difficulties cannot be excluded. Diversion of these current is a protective measure.Questions occur as to possible corrosion danger beneath disbonded coatings and the occurrence of stress corrosion cracking. Experiments have shown that corrosion resistance is not restricted provided the construction and the service conditions of the pipeline comply with the standards.
    Notes: Der Korrosionsschutz erdverlegter Rohrleitungen besteht aus einer geeigneten Beschichtung und aus elektrochemischen Korrosionsschutzmaßnahmen. Der kathodische Korrosionsschutz gründet sich auf die Potentialabhängigkeit der Korrosionsgeschwindigkeit von Stahl in Wässern. Er ist theoretisch leicht verständlich. Praktische Probleme bereiten jedoch die Stromverteilung und Fragen der Kontrolle durch Potentialmessung. Eine wesentliche Voraussetzung für eine ausreichende Stromverteilung ist eine gute Beschichtung. Im Bereich von größeren Verletzungen können aber Störungen der Stromverteilung vorliegen, die je nach den Bodenverhältnissen bei einer üblichen Potentialmessung in Abständen von 1 bis 2 km unerkannt bleiben können. Für eine ausreichende Kontrolle wurde die Intensivmeßtechnik eingeführt. Hierbei werden in Abständen von etwa 5 m Rohr/Boden-Potentiale und Potentialgradienten bei ein- und ausgeschaltetetem Schutzstrom gemessen und mit Rechner-Unterstützung ausgewertet. Auf diese Weise lassen sich Bereiche größerer Verletzung und unzureichender Polarisation ermitteln. In besonderen Fällen, die durch große Elementströme bei Kontakt mit fremden Anlagenteilen oder durch Streuströme aus fremden Gleichstromquellen gekennzeichnet sind, bestehen Schwierigkeiten, das Potential frei von fremden Spannungsabfällen zu messen. Zur Kontrolle werden Meßproben eingesetzt, die Fehlstellen der Beschichtung des Schutzobjektes simulieren und deren Potential fehlerfrei mit Potentialsonden bestimmt wird. Diese Meßproben geben eine ausreichende Information über alle Fehlstellen der Beschichtung des Schutzobjektes, die kleiner sind als die Meßproben.Mit Hilfe der Intensivmeßtechnik und der Meßproben für die benannten Sonderfälle ist ein lückenloser Rohrleitungsschutz möglich. Lediglich bei einer Beeinflussung durch sehr hohe Wechselstromdichten sind Schwierigkeiten nicht auszuschließen. Hier sollten Schutzmaßnahmen durch Ableitung der Wechselströme ergriffen werden. Fragen werden aufgeworfen über mögliche Korrosionsgefahren im Bereich nichthaftender Beschichtung und über eine mögliche Gefährdung durch Spannungsrißkorrosion. Untersuchungen haben dazu gezeigt, daß bei normgerechtem Bau und Betrieb einer Rohrleitung die Korrosionsbeständigkeit nicht eingeschränkt ist.
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 39 (1988), S. 534-537 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Investigations into corrosion of metallic materials in highly concentrated boiling salt solutionsContainer for the disposal of radioactive waste in carnallite formations can be exposed to corrosion by highly concentrated hot salt solutions. Previous investigations of the corrosion resistance of candidate materials have been supplemented by measurements of the current density-potential curves of iron-silicon, cobalt-silicon, titanium-nickel and nickel-molybdenum alloys and of tantal. The electrolyte was a concentrated MgCl2-NaCl-KCl-MgSO4 solution at its boiling point of 170°C. The measurements give useful information on the stability of the corrosion resistance of these materials.
    Notes: Bei der Endlagerung von radioaktivem Abfall in Salzstöcken kann es zur Korrosion der verwendeten Behälter durch hochkonzentrierte, heiße Salzlösungen kommen. Die bisher für die Auswahl geeigneter Werkstoffe durchgeführten Untersuchungen wurden durch die Aufnahme von Stromspannungskurven in einer MgCl2-NaCl-KCl-MgSO4-Lösung bei ihrer Siedetemperatur von 170°C ergänzt. Als Versuchswerkstoffe wurden Titan-, Nickel-Molybdän- und Nickel-Molybdän-Chrom-Legierungen, Eisenguß mit 15% Silizium, eine experimentelle Cobalt-Silizium-Legierung und Tantal gewählt. Die Versuchsergebnisse geben Hinweise, die bei der Werkstoffauswahl beachtet werden sollten.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 39 (1988), S. 512-517 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Aminosäuren als Korrosionsinhibitoren in SalzsäurelösungenDie Inhibierung der Korrosion von Eisen in salzsauren Lösungen wurde unter Verwendung von 22 verschiedenen Aminosäuren und vier verwandten Verbindungen untersucht. Polarisationskurven für Eisen wurden dazu in entlüfteter 1 m Salzsäure aufgenommen. Die Schnittpunkte der Tafel-Geraden beim Korrosionspotential entsprechen dem jeweiligen Korrosionsstrom. Bei einer Inhibitorkonzentration von 10 mmol wurden die besten Ergebnisse (Hemmwert 87%) mit 3,5-diiodotyrosin erhalten. Von den üblichen Aminosäuren erreichte Tryptophan mit einem Hemmwert von 80% die höchste Inhibitorwirkung. Hydroxyprolin, Crystin und Cystein bewirkten hingegen Korrosionsbeschleunigung. Die beobachteten deutlichen Trends konnten mit der Molekülstruktur korreliert werden. Im allgemeinen waren Aminosäuren mit längerer Kohlenwasserstoffkette wirksamer. Auch zusätzliche Aminogruppen oder Gruppen mit erhöhter Elektronendichte auf der α-Aminogruppe zeigten höhere Inhibitorwirksamkeit.
    Notes: Inhibition of the corrosion of iron in hydrochloric acid solutions by amino acids was studied. Twenty-two different common amino acids and four related compounds were used. Potentiodynamic polarization curves were obtained for iron wire in deaerated 1 M hydrochloric acid solution. Intersection of the linear Tafel lines at the corrosion potential gave values of the corrosion current. At 10 mM concentration of the inhibitors, the best results were obtained with 3,5-diiodotyrosine, with an inhibition efficiency of 87%. The best common amino acid was tryptophan with an inhibition efficiency of 80%. Hydroxyproline, cystine, and cysteine acted as corrosion accelerators. Definite trends were observed which were related to the molecular structure. In general, amino acids with longer hydrocarbon chains showed greater inhibition. Additional amino groups or groups which increased electron density on the alpha amino group also increased the inhibition efficiency.
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  • 82
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 39 (1988), S. R214 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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  • 83
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    Weinheim [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 39 (1988), S. 589-594 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Inhibierung korrosionsbeständiger Legierungen in heißen SalzsäurelösungenDie Massenverluste von Kohlenstoffstahl, nichtrostendem Duplexstahl (22Cr5Ni) und zwei Superausteniten (27Cr31Ni3Mo und 19Cr25Ni4Mo) wurden in 20- und 28%iger Salzsäure (90 °C) mit Zusatz organischer Stoffe (einzeln oder gemischt) ermittelt. Bei den untersuchten organischen Stoffen handelte es sich um quaternäre Ammoniumsalze (1-(4-pyridyl)-pyridiniumchlorid.hydrochlorid, Dodecylpyridiniumchlorid, Benzyldimethylstearylammoniumchlorid und Dodecyltrimethylammoniumbromid), Alkinole (1-octyn-2-ol, Propargylalkohol) und Trans-zimtaldehyd. Dabei wurde auch der synergistische Effekt von Kaliumiodid auf die Hemmwirkung der organischen Stoffe untersucht.Die Änderungen der Korrosionsgeschwindigkeit während der Versuchsdauer (normalerweise 6 Stunden) wurden mittels Polarisationswiderstandsmessung aufgezeichnet, ebenso wurden Polarisationskurven aufgenommen.Die Ergebnisse haben gezeigt, daß die Korrosionsgeschwindigkeit der hier untersuchten Stähle mit Hilfe von ternären Inhibitorgemischen (je 0,2% quaternäres Ammoniumsalz, Trans-zimtaldehyd und Kaliumiodid) auf weniger als 1 mg/cm-2 · h-1 verringert werden kann. Elektrochemische Untersuchungen lieferten wertvolle Hinweise auf den Wirkungsmechanismus der untersuchten Inhibitoren.
    Notes: Weight loss measurements were performed in 20% and 28% hydrochloric acid at 90 °C on carbon steel, 22Cr5Ni duplex stainless steel, and two superaustenitic steels - 27Cr31Ni3Mo and 19Cr25Ni4Mo -, in presence of organic substances used singly or mixed. The organic substances examined were quaternary ammonium salts (1-4-pyridyl)-pyridinium chloride hydrochloride, dodecylpy-ridiniumchloride, benzyldimethylstearylammonium chloride, and (dodecyltrimethylammonium bromide), alkynols (1-octyn-3-ol, propargyl alcohol) and trans-cinnamaldehyde. The synergistic effect of potassium iodide on the inhibitive efficiency of the organic substances was studied.The variations of corrosion rate during the test time (normally six hours) were recorded by means of polarization resistance measurements. Polarization curves were also recorded.The results showed that the corrosion rates of the four steels examined can be reduced to less than 1 mg/cm2 · h using ternary inhibitor mixtures containing quaternary ammonium salts, trans-cinnamaldehyde and potassium iodide (0.2% of each component).Electrochemical tests gave useful indications on the action mechanism of the inhibitors studied.
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 39 (1988), S. 622-622 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 39 (1988), S. R228 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 39 (1988), S. R204 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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  • 88
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 39 (1988), S. 622-622 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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  • 90
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    Weinheim [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 39 (1988), S. R239 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 91
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    Weinheim [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 39 (1988), S. R246 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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  • 92
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    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Rapid Communications in Mass Spectrometry 2 (1988) 
    ISSN: 0951-4198
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Physics
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  • 93
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Rapid Communications in Mass Spectrometry 2 (1988), S. 6-7 
    ISSN: 0951-4198
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
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  • 94
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    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Rapid Communications in Mass Spectrometry 2 (1988), S. 50-53 
    ISSN: 0951-4198
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
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  • 95
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    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
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    ISSN: 0951-4198
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
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    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
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    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Physics
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  • 97
    Electronic Resource
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    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Rapid Communications in Mass Spectrometry 2 (1988) 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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  • 98
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    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
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    ISSN: 0951-4198
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Physics
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  • 99
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    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
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    ISSN: 0951-4198
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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  • 100
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    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
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    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
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