Library

X
feed icon rss

Your email was sent successfully. Check your inbox.

An error occurred while sending the email. Please try again.

Proceed reservation?

Export
Filter
  • Articles: DFG German National Licenses  (501)
  • 1970-1974  (501)
  • 1920-1924
  • Biochemistry and Biotechnology  (501)
Source
  • Articles: DFG German National Licenses  (501)
Material
Years
Year
Keywords
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Immobilized enzyme reaction stability: Attrition of the support material (1974)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 16 (1974), S. 333-343 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: One of the main reasons for immobilizing an enzyme is to enable its reuse, or continuous use, in a reactor. Consequently immobilized enzyme stability is an important factor in enzyme reactor design. The performance of the reactor will decrease if during operation the support material disintegrates into smaller particles that pass out of the reactor system.When β-galactosidase is immobilized by covalent attachment to AE-cellulose, the smaller particles have a higher activity. After subjection of the immobilized enxyme to a shear stress the average particle size decreases and the total enzymic activity increases. A loss of small particles from the reactor, although constituting a small weight percent loss of support, will result in a disproportionately large loss in activity. The relevance of these observations to reactor performance is discussed.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260160304
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Study of performance of a tubular membrane reactor for an enzyme catalyzed reaction (1974)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 16 (1974), S. 345-360 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A tubular membrane reactor offers many advantages over a solid wall reactor to carry out an enzyme catalyzed reaction. With proper membrane selectivity, the product, may be separated from the reacting stream and the enzyme recycled for continuous reuse. In most cases, enzyme reuse contributes to the economic feasibility of a continuous enzyme catalyzed process. Furthermore, the efficiency and performance of a membrane reactor is greater than that of a solid wall reactor.Continuous hydrolysis of starch by the enzyme β-amylase, carried out in a commercially available tubular membrane unit, is studied at different starch and enzyme concentrations for a given system pressure and inlet flow rate. Results show that the performance of the membrane reactor is in all cases greater than that of the solid wall reactor. A steady state in performance of permeation rate is, however, not reached by the membrane reactor, which shows a continuous decline within the periods examined in this study. This decline is caused in part by the aging of the starch solution, but mostly by the formation of a concentrated, or gel, layer at the membrane surface. This appears to be the main limiting factor for this process since the decline in reaction and permeation rate results in a severe decrease in the amount of maltose in the permeate.
    Additional Material: 12 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260160305
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Mechanism of cell disintegration in a high pressure homogenizer (1974)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 16 (1974), S. 371-383 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The disintegration of baker's yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) by a high pressure homogenizer, to a pressure of 25,000 psi. (172.37 MNm-2) is described, together with details of the methods of measurement used to obtain information on the valve movement and pressure transients. The theory of the mechanism of cell disintegration is discussed.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260160307
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    An electronic dynamic compensator for response time of oxygen electrodes (1974)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 16 (1974), S. 279-284 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260160210
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Reduction of RNA in single cell protein in conjunction with fiber formation (1974)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 16 (1974), S. 285-287 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 1 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260160211
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Mixing in anaerobic digestion (1974)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 16 (1974), S. 757-770 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The mixing of the anaerobic digester contents significantly influences the efficiency of this operation; in particular, hydraulic dead zones are extremely detrimental to the reaction kinetics involved in anaerobic digestion. An analysis of the relative importance of thermal fluid movement in the digester to those caused by fluid inflow and outflow is presented. As an example, these principles are applied to a digester at the South Bend Wastewater Treatment Plant. Experimental measurements, which have general applicability for the measurement of digester mixing volume, confirm the theoretical conjectures. Various types of optimizations can be attempted on this mixing operation. One such optimization applied to gas lift mixers, as employed in the South Bend Treatment Plant, is illustrated.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260160606
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Cost optimization of activated sludge systems (1974)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 16 (1974), S. 807-826 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Activated sludge is a widely used aerobic biological waste-water treatment process. A rational approach to least cost design of an integrated system is described which includes the following processes: activated sludge reactor, final settling tanks, gravity thickening, and aerobic sludge digestion. Both capital and operation and maintenance costs are considered. Biological reactor design is based on microbial kinetic concepts and continuous culture of microorganisms theory. Biological solids retention time (θc) is utilized as the primary independent design variable to which system performance is related, e.g., effluent quality, ammonia oxidation, and excess sludge production. Liquid-biomass separation is based on the batch flux technique, a rational approach to design of gravity separators (final settling tanks). Trade-offs among reactor volume, clarifier size, recycle pumping capacity, thickener capacity, digester volume, air requirements, and sludge production are discussed. The optimum design is taken as the combination of these parameters within the acceptable design domain, determined by effluent quality criteria, that results in minimum cost. While the method described is general, design of a given treatment system depends on availability, from lab or pilot studies, of system specific numerical values for biological growth coefficients and biomass setting characteristics. A design example illustrates the approach.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260160609
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Mechanism of hydrocarbon uptake by microorganisms (1974)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 16 (1974), S. 863-865 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260160614
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Degradation of lignin by combined chemical and biological treatment (1974)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 16 (1974), S. 789-805 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: It has been demonstrated that ozone dosages of 0.06 lb and 0.78 lb per pound of lignin can reduce the optical density (in the visible range) of the latter by 82% and 92%, respectively. The reduction in color is accompanied by a shift in the molecular weight distribution of lignin from a broad peak of between 20,000 and 70,000 to lower molecular weight, species including substantial amounts possessing a molecular weight of 1000 or less. The cost of decolorizing a typical kraft paper bleach effluent is estimated to be under 50¢/1000 gal which compares favorably with competitive decolorizing processes. Lignin ozonation results in the production of a series of decolorized products which can serve as the sole source of carbon for a variety of microorganisms. Feasibility studies indicated that at least 40% of the ozonated material can be transferred into microbial biomass (protein) as well as other products of commercial interest such as fumaric acid and penicillin.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260160608
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Development and application of the thin channel rectangular air lift mass transfer reactor to fermentation and waste-water treatment systemsPresented at the 166th National Meeting of the American Chemical Society, Chicago, Illinois, August 26-31, 1973. (1974)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 16 (1974), S. 1179-1195 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The consideration of fermentation principles in the treatment of industrial and sanitary waste waters leads to substantial process improvements. In particular, the rate of reaction can be improved by several fold by establishing the proper environmental conditions for microbial growth in a fermentation system. Recent work on the concentric cylinder air lift has shown it to be an economical fermentor with many advantages over conventional fermentors. An attempt to improve the economical performance of this system led to the development of the thin channel rectangular air lift fermentor. This was based upon a theoretical analysis of performance parameters. The analysis indicates decreased bubble coalescence, increased bubble entrainment, decreased power costs, increased mass transfer coefficients, and decrease capital costs. Experience using a prototype thin channel rectangular air lift system with sanitary and industrial waste-water treatment systems has demonstrated exceptionally high rates of BOD removal at low operating and capital costs.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260160904
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 11
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The tubular loop batch fermentor: Basic concepts (1974)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 16 (1974), S. 1261-1272 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A tubular loop batch fermentor has been designed and constructed, and was found to behave in a similar manner to a conventional stirred tank reactor. It appeared that foaming could be greatly reduced as no air ever encountered the impeller. The fluid mechanics of pipe flow are considerably simpler than tank flow patterns. On this basis a design procedure for a large scale tubular fermentor was outlined, which had considerable advantages over the more complex scale-up problems of a tank fermentor.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260160909
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 12
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Mixing by impeller agitation in continuous flow systems containing polysaccharide solutionsPresented at the Annual Meeting of the American Chemical Society Chicago, Illinois, August 26-31, 1973. (1974)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 16 (1974), S. 1283-1297 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: System response data for step changes in input tracer concentration have been obtained for two different impeller agitated continuous flow mixing systems containing aqueous polysaccharide solutions. The vessel volumes were 1.6 and 10.9 liters. Polysaccharide concentration, dilution rate, and impeller speed were varied according to a plan devised using dimensional analysis and assuming that bulk motion is the predominant mass transport mechanism in the system. The data show that this is not true and that serious errors may occur if scale-up calculations are based on assuming that bulk motion predominates. Under the operating conditions used, perfect mixing was not observed.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260160911
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 13
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    An annular bound-enzyme reactor (1974)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 16 (1974), S. 1359-1372 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A column reactor with an annular cross section was formed by rolling up DEAE cellulose paper and a screening spacer. Glucoamylase was attached by ion adsorption. For the spacer used, pressure drop was very low, suggesting that this form may be useful with feed streams that are not completely particle-free. Tests of this reactor at the high substrate concentrations characteristic of commercial reactors showed very little diffusional resistance, exhibiting zero-order behavior over most of the concentration range. At low concentrations, the reactor had an apparent “half-order” behavior caused by diffusional limitation in the paper. In this range, flow rate influenced the reaction rate, showing that mass transfer in the main stream also is a contributing factor in this range. Because of the high concentrations and the low Michaelis constant (0.0011 M) the reactor does not show first-order behavior, even at very high conversions. The design of a plant-scale reactor was formulated from these data. The increase in the quantity of enzyme necessary to compensate for the effects of diffusion was only a few percent.Two reactors were formed with sheets nonporous to the enzyme, binding the enzyme with cyanogen bromide after forming the reactor. The amount of enzyme bound was about one monolayer, and there appeared to be no diffusional limitations, even at low substrate concentrations.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260161005
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 14
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Isolation and immobilization of β-D-glucosidase from alcaligenes faecalis (1974)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 16 (1974), S. 1413-1418 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260161010
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 15
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Optimization in the recovery of a labile intracellular enzymePresented at the 166th American Chemical Society Meeting, Chicago, August, 1973. (1974)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 16 (1974), S. 1433-1447 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A high molecular weight intracellular enzyme of Bacillus brevis ATCC 9999 is released when the organism is disrupted by sonication of homogenization. However, both processes also degrade the enzyme. Assays for protein release and specific enzymatic activity of the released protein indicate that both release and degradation can be represented by first-order kinetic models. Utilization of the difference between the kinetics of release and degradation allows optimization in the recovery of this enzyme for both the sonication and homogenization processes.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260161102
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 16
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Reduction of contamination in an industrial fermentation plant (1974)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 16 (1974), S. 1565-1565 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260161115
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 17
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Continuous production of urocanic acid by immobilized Achromobacter liquidum cellsPresented at the Annual Meeting of the Society of Fermentation Technology of Japan, Osaka, Japan, November 22,1973. (1974)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 16 (1974), S. 1601-1610 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Several microorganisms having higher L-histidine ammonia-lyase activity were immobilized into polyacrylamide gel lattice. The yield of enzyme activity by immobilization was highest in Achromobacter liquidum IAM 1667. As A. liquidum has urocanase activity, the cells were heat-treated at 70°C for 30 min to inactivate the urocanase.Enzymatic properties of the immobilized A. liquidum cells were investigated and compared with those of the intact cells. No difference was observed between the pH activity curve and optimal temperature for the intact and immobilized cells. The permeability of substrate or product through the cell wall was increased by immobilization of the cells.When an aqueous solution of 0.25M L-histidine (pH 9.0) containing 1mM Mg2+ was passed through a column packed with the immobilized A. liquidum cells at a flow rate of SV = 0.06 at 37°C, L-histidine was completely converted to urocanic acid. The L-histidine ammonia-lyase activity of the immobilized cell column was stable over 40 days at 37°C. From the effluent of the immobilized cell column, Urocanic acid was easily obtained in a good yield.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260161204
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 18
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Inactivation of immobilized fungal catalase by hydrogen peroxide (1974)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 16 (1974), S. 1675-1680 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260161209
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 19
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Design and construction of a ventilated cabinet for a continuous flow centrifuge (1974)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 16 (1974), S. 1681-1687 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260161210
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 20
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The concentration of protein solutions by normal freezing (1974)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 16 (1974), S. 21-39 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: An apparatus is described which is designed for preparative freeze concentration experiments by the technique of normal freezing. It has a capacity of approximately 22 liters distributed over twelve vessels. The influence of various geometrical and chemical parameters such as stirring speed, crystallization rate, and sample composition on the normal freezing of protein solutions are discussed. For dilute protein solutions (〈0.1%) the concentration factor generally was 8- to 10-fold with recoveries of 90-100 percent. With higher protein concentrations and at ionic strengths higher than approximately 0.05, the recovery was decreased. No loss of activity was detected when concentrating enzyme solutions.
    Additional Material: 14 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260160104
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 21
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Identification of dynamic zones in batch fermentations (1974)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 16 (1974), S. 555-557 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260160413
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 22
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Preparation of an immobilized two-enzyme system, β-amylase-pullulanase, to an acrylic copolymer for the conversion of starch to maltose. I. Preparation and stability of immobilized β-amylase (1974)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 16 (1974), S. 567-577 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: β-Amylase (EC 3.2.1.2), obtained from barley, was chemically attached to a crosslinked copolymer of acrylamide-acrylic acid using a water-soluble carbodiimide. The derivative showed 23% β-amylase activity in relation to that of free enzyme with a coupling yield of 40% based on the amount of added β-amylase. In order to find optimal coupling conditions, the effect of pH and different carbodiimide concentrations was investigated. The enzymic activity associated with different β-amylase concentrations was further outlined. A slightly increased operational stability for the enzyme upon immobilization was observed. Markedly improved operational stability has been obtained by coupling in the presence of reduced glutathione of bovine serum albumin.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260160502
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 23
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Gel entrapment of enzymes: Kinetic studies of immobilized glucose oxidase (1974)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 16 (1974), S. 159-168 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Glucose oxidase (EC 1.1.3.4, from Aspergillus niger) has been entrapped in a crosslinked 2-hydroxycthyl methaerylate gel containing 20% poly(vinyl pyrrolidone). The kinetic behavior and thermal stability of the entrapped enzyme were found to closely approximate that of the free enzyme. The entrapped glucose oxidase shows a broadened pH profile which is attributed to a buffering effect of the gel. Stability of gel entrapped glucose oxidase is extremely good at room temperature, suggesting a variety ofanalytical and control uses for this system.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260160202
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 24
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Preparation of immobilized leucine aminopeptidase on porous glass (1974)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 16 (1974), S. 275-277 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 1 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260160209
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 25
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Bactericidal effectiveness of immobilized peroxidases (1974)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 16 (1974), S. 289-291 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 1 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260160212
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 26
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Wall growth in mixed bacterial cultures growing on methane (1974)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 16 (1974), S. 251-260 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The effects of wall growth are described for a mixed methane-utilizing bacterial population growing in both batch and continuous culture. These effects are similar to those predicted previously by a theoretical analysis (Topiwala and Hamer, 1971).
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260160207
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 27
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Immobilization of enzymes by radiopolymerization of acrylamidePart 1 in a series of studies on the preparation of immobilized enzymes by radiopolymerization. An outline of the work described here was presented at the annual meeting of the Agricultural Chemical Society of Japan, April 1973, Tokyo. (1974)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 16 (1974), S. 609-621 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A new and simple method for immobilization of enzymes by the aerobic radio-polymerization of acrylamide was developed. Irradiation treatment of acrylamide in the frozen state produces a spongy immobilized enzyme membrane without the addition of carriers. Aerobic polymerization yields of acrylamide in the frozen state were increased by the addition of starch and also by lyophilization.Glucose oxidase (activity recovery was 12.3-33.7%), invertase (69.2%), D-amono acid oxidase (25.0-70.5%), aminoacylase (39.2-43.7%), mold α-amylase (18.0%), malt β-amylase (4.1%), glucoamylase (6.5%), alkaline protease (5.3%), and neutral protease (10.5%) were immobilized by this method. Invertase entrapped by this method had a wider optium pH range and was active at higher temperatures.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260160505
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 28
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Symposium on kinetics of waste treatmentThis symposium, presented before the 166th National Meeting of the American Chemical Society on August 30, 1973, in Chicago, Illinois, was organized by the Division of Microbial Chemistry and Technology and jointly sponsored with the Environmental Chemistry Division. (1974)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 16 (1974), S. 701-702 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260160602
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 29
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Development of gelatin/urease films (1974)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 16 (1974), S. 859-862 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260160613
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 30
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Growth of Spirulina maxima algae in effluents from secondary waste-water treatment plants (1974)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 16 (1974), S. 881-896 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Spirulina maxima, a high protein alga, was grown in effluents from the London municipal waste treatment plant. Optimum growth conditions were developed, the composition of algae and the removal of nitrogen and phosphorus in effluents were studied. The advantages of this process in tertiary waste-water treatment and the quality of the single cell protein were investigated.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260160703
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 31
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Immobilization of trypsin on partially oxidized cellulose (1974)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 16 (1974), S. 997-1003 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260160712
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 32
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Production of Sindbis, influenza, and vesicular stomatitis viruses in chicken embryo and rat embryo cell suspensions (1974)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 16 (1974), S. 1025-1044 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Studies were carried out on the production of Sindbis, influenza and vesicular stomatitis viruses in suspensions of chicken embryo and rat embryo cells. The yield of Sindbis virus in chicken embryo cell suspensions was independent of the multiplicity of infection over the range 0.0001 to 0.01 although reduction in multiplicity caused a delay in virus production. With influenza virus the use of higher multiplicities gave increased virus yields possibly due to the very slow production at low multiplicities. In both monolayer and suspension cultures of chicken embryo cells addition of serum or use of media richer than minimum essential medium (Eagle) had little effect on Sindbis virus production, but if the glucose were omitted the virus yield was markedly reduced. In cell suspensions, a marked reduction in virus yield occurred if infection were delayed more than 24 hr after cell preparation whereas in monolayers the delay of infection allowed cell propagation and hence a higher yield of virus. It was also shown that vesicular stomatitis virus can be produced in chicken embryo cell suspensions, and that rat embryo primary cell suspensions can be used to prepare both Sindbis and vesicular stomatitis viruses. Sindbis virus obtained from chicken embryo cell suspensions was purified by polyethylene glycol precipitation and sucrose density gradient centrifugation and shown to contain only those proteins previously identified as viral, without any contamination from chicken cell proteins. The relative ease and economics of virus production by cell suspension and monolayer methods is compared.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260160804
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 33
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Influence of intraparticle diffuisional limitation on the observed kinetics of immobilized enzymes and on catalyst design (1974)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 16 (1974), S. 1081-1093 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Numerical solutions to the equations describing simultaneous mass transfer and enzymic reaction within porous spherical particles have been used to examine the effect of enzyme content and other parameters on the kinetic behavior of immobilized enzymes. These solutions have also been compared with experimental data for enzymes immobilized to DEAE-cellulose particles. The influence of particle size and enzyme content on catalyst design is discussed.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260160808
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 34
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Enzymatic RNA reduction in disintegrated cells of Saccharomyces cerevisiae (1974)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 16 (1974), S. 1123-1133 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Degradation of UNA by endogenous RNase in cell suspensions of Saccharomyces cerevisiae was found to be achieved by mechanical disintegration followed by incubation in the presence of NaCl. The incubation parameters pH, temperature, time, and concentration of NaCl were investigated. Protein concentrates with a low content of RNA were obtained by precipitation of the incubated suspensions and separation of the degradation products.On a pilot plant scale the incubation was performed at 50°C and pH 5.6 in the presence of 3% NaCl for 20 min. Kilogram quantities of protein concentrates containing 1.4% RNA and 8.2% nitrogen were obtained. The RNA reduction and the nitrogen yield was 85 and 60%, respectively. The yield of amino acids was about 75%. The process described can probably be applied for large-scale production.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260160812
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 35
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of aeration intensity on the biochemical composition of baker's yeast. II. Activities of the oxidative enzymes (1974)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 16 (1974), S. 1213-1225 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: When the effect of catabolite repression is eliminated Saccharomyces cerevisiae prefers an aerobic metabolism. The potential for completely aerobic catabolism exists even in circumstances where its action is limited by the oxygen available. When the oxygen absorption in the medium is adequate, yeast uses a solely oxidative metabolism for energy-yielding reactions. The changes observed in the activity of malate dehydrogenase can be described as a function of two isoenzymes, both of which are affected by oxygen; the isoenzyme participating in the glyoxylate cycle shows variations in activity similar to that observed in isocitrate lyase. NAD-linked glutamate dehydrogenase activity roughly follows that of malate dehydrogenase and isocitrate lyase; in cultivations with the same growth rate the NADP-linked dehydrogenase is insensitive to the oxygen level. The cytochromes aa3, b, and c have a clear maximum at low oxygen tension, the most sensitive being cytochrome aa3. The imbalance between cytochrome c:oxygen oxidoreductase activity and the amount of cytochrome aa3, and the correlation observed between respiration rate and the activities of cytochrome c oxidase and NADH2:cytochroine c oxidoreductase are discussed. Methods used for estimation of cytochromes are compared.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260160906
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 36
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Estimation of the disruption in freeze-pressed Accharomyces cerevisiae by an electronic particle counterPresented at the All Union Institute of Antibiotics Symposium, Moscow, U.S.S.R., April 12, 1972. (1974)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 16 (1974), S. 1273-1282 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: An electronic particle counter has been used to estimate the disintegration by freeze-pressing baker's yeast. A counter threshold level which just yielded the maximum count for intact cells was selected. The conductivity of the suspending medium was chosen such that maximum counts were obtained. Under these conditions, the electronic counts agreed well with the visual counts. At a certain threshold level the maximum count was obtained at a lower resistivity (higher conductivity) in the suspending solution with the freeze-pressed suspension than with untreated cells, indicating that damage to the permeability barrier may occur without disruntion of the cell envelope.Fresh baker's yeast cells do not behave as nonconducting particles. This has to be taken into account when volume determinations with electronic particle counters are performed.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260160910
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 37
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The influence of alkali and heat treatment on yeast protein (1974)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 16 (1974), S. 1495-1506 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The soluble components in disintegrated cells of Saccharomyces cereivisiae have been characterized by means of extraction, centrifugation, dialysis, and gel filtration. The influence of alkali and heat treatment on the protein and RNA in the soluble fraction from disintegrated yeast cells and on functional properties of protein concentrates have been studied.After water extraction and centrifugation at 100000 g 42% of the nitrogen containing components of the disintegrated cells were recovered in the supernatant. By extraction at pH 11.5 an additional 31% of the nitrogen was solubilized. Half of the water-soluble nitrogen-containing components has a molecular weight lower than 5000. In the water- and alkali-soluble fractions about 80% of each amino acid was recoveredThe water-soluble protein was separated into 3 fractions by gel filtration on Sephadex G 200. The major portion of the protein had a molecular weight about 100,000. The amount of protein in this fraction was decreased after treatment at increasing pH and temperature. No degradation of protein to low molecular peptides occurred. The amount of RNA in the soluble fraction was only slightly influenced by alkali treatment and by heat treatment at pH 7.5 in the presence of 5% NaCl. RNA was not degraded to low molecular components of the treatments.The solubility of protein concentrates decreased after treatment at alkaline pH and after heat precipitation.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260161106
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 38
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Simple system for controlling dissolved oxygen concentration in laboratory fermentorsPresented at the 166th American Chemical Society Meeting, August 26-31, 1973, Chicago, Illinois. (1974)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 16 (1974), S. 1529-1536 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A simple system for the control of oxygen transfer in laboratory fermentation units has been devised. This system employs pure oxygen to elevate the driving force for oxygen transfer. In addition, the aeration is controlled in a closed loop manner in order to minimize total exit flow of the gas from the fermentor. Fermentation study using Bacillus stearothermophilus grown on n-dodecane at 55°C illustrates excellent carbon recovery as well as the ease of controlling oxygen transfer.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260161109
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 39
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Film diffusion studies of immobilized catalase in tubular flow reactors (1974)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 16 (1974), S. 419-422 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260160311
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 40
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Pilot scale affinity chromatography: Purification of β-galactosidase (1974)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 16 (1974), S. 1103-1112 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: β-Galactosidase has been purified from an ammonium sulfate precipitate of E. coli strain ML308 by biospecific adsorption on a column of agarose gel substituted with p-aminophenyl-β-D-thiogalactopyranoside. The system described using a 1.8 liter column has a useful processing capacity of 3.8 × 106 units of β-galactosidase per 2 hr cycle. This corresponds to about 5 g of pure enzyme. An electromechanical timing device operates a set of six solenoid valves and carries out a preset program consisting of sample application, washing, and elation operations.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260160810
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 41
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Kinetics studies in a continuous steady state hollow fiber membrane enzyme reactor (1974)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 16 (1974), S. 1113-1122 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Porous hollow cellulose fibers have been used to separate a nonflowing enzyme solution of alkaline phosphatase from a continuous flow of substrate. The porosity of the hollow fiber membrane allows the substrate and product to diffuse freely through the membrane while restricting the permeation of the enzyme. The resulting “immobilized” enzyme system has been shown to behave as a continuous reactor - converting p-nitrophenylphosphate to p-nitrophenol. By varying the concentrations, flow rate, etc., either diffusion or enzyme kinetics can be studied. The continual influx of product and removal of substrate at steady state allows the study of kinetics of relatively short half-life enzymes and unstable systems.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260160811
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 42
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Masthead (1974)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 16 (1974) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260160101
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 43
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Interactions in a mixed bacterial population growing on methane in continuous culture (1974)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 16 (1974), S. 41-59 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The growth of a mixed methane-utilizing culture in a continuous flow fermenter has been studied under both methane and oxygen limitation. Small additions of methanol have been shown to inhibit the methane-utilizing moiety in the culture and it has been shown that the Hyphomicrobium sp. in the mixed culture removes any inhibitory methanol. The interaction between the methane-utilizing Pseudomonas sp., and the Hyphomicrobium sp. has been explained and a model of the continuous mixed culture under oxygen limitation has been formulated. Qualitative predictions of transient phenomena by the model have been verified experimentally.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260160105
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 44
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Flow kinetics of L-asparaginase attached to nylon tubing (1974)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 16 (1974), S. 119-134 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: L-Asparaginase has been attached by chemical means to the inner surface of nylon tubing. An experimental study has been carried out of the flow kinetics for such a system, asparagine solutions at various concentrations being passed through two lengths of tubing at various flow rates. Measurements were made of the concentration of the product ammonia at the tube exit, and of the rate of formation of ammonia, under the various conditions. Apparent Michaelis constants, Km(app), were some three orders of magnitude higher than the Km for the enzyme in free solution (∼13 × 10-6JM). The results were analyzed with respect to the theoretical treatment described in the preceding paper (Kobayashi and Laidler), three different methods being employed. It is concluded that at lower substrate concentrations and flow rates the reactions are largely diffusion-controlled, the enhanced Km(app) values being largely if not entirely due to the diffusion control; ionic strength studies showed electrostatic repulsion effects to be unimportant. At high concentrations and high flow rates (when the diffusion layer is of negligible thickness) the diffusional effects are minimized, and Km(app) approaches the true Km value for the immobilized enzyme.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260160109
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 45
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    An immobilized α-galactosidase continuous flow reactor (1974)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 16 (1974), S. 135-147 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: An α-galactosidase which will hydrolyze the oligosaccharides melibiose, raffinose, and stachyose has been immobilized on nylon microfibrils suitable for use in large flow-through reactors. This catalyst system is stable for many months, both under use and storage conditions. The immobilized enzyme behaves similarly to the enzyme in solution, characteristically exhibiting both product and substrate inhibition. The catalyst is prepared in situ and a large, 8-liter reactor has been made. The catalyst has been used to reduce the raffinose concentration in beet sugar molasses.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260160110
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 46
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Experimental optimization of a step aeration waste treatment process (1974)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 16 (1974), S. 231-250 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Evolutionary operation (EVOP) was used to experimentally investigate the optimum steady state operating conditions for a step aeration activated sludge waste treatment process. A laboratory scale two tank step aeration activated sludge unit with fixed total volume, total influent flow rate, recycle flow rate, and sludge wasting rate was employed. The volume ratio and flow rate ratio which minimized effluent chemical oxygen demand were determined. The results indicate that EVOP is a useful technique for improving the performance of biological processes.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260160206
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 47
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Immobilization of enzymes on magnetic particles (1974)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 16 (1974), S. 385-396 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Trypsin (EC 3.4.4.4) was immobilized in low yield on aminoalkylsilylated magnetite (Fe3O4). Better results were obtained when trypsin was immobilized by crosslinking with glutaraldehyde on magnetite. The preparation contained 36 mg protein/g magnetite and the enzyme retained 46% and 11% of esterase and proteolytic activity. Immobilized trypsin was more heat stable than trypsin. Invertase (β-D-fructofuranoside fructohydrolase, EC 3.2.1.26) was cross-linked on magnetite with glutaraldehyde in low yield due to the inactivation of the enzyme. However in the presence of 1% sucrose, the total activity recovered was 79% of the initial activity and the preparation contained 4.4 mg/g of active invertase. Immobilized invertase was less active than invertase when acting on oligosaccharides of the raffinose family. The immobilized enzymes could be easily recovered, from solutions or suspensions, magnetically.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260160308
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 48
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A generalized mathematical model for the growth kinetics of Saccharomyces cerevisiae with experimental determination of parameters (1974)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 16 (1974), S. 431-454 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A general model of the kinetics of microbial growth has been developed involving the kinetics of incorporation of substrate into biomass and the maintenance energy requirements.Results obtained from batch cultures of the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae growing in synthetic media at pH 5.1 and 30°C permitted all biological parameters in the model to be calculated.Values obtained for these parameters were: maximum specific glucose uptake rate (μSm), 2.08 g/g biomass/hr; apparent Michaelis constant for glucose (KS), 0.1 g/liter (5.5 × 10-4M) apparent Michaelis constant for oxygen (KL), 1.4% O2 (3.2 × 10-6 M) quantitative index of the Pasteur effect (b), 4.9 × 10-4%-1 O2 (207 M -1). Under conditions of strongly substrate-repressed respiration the values obtained for YATP and P/O were constant over the course of the exponential phase of growth (YATP = 10.4 g biomass/mole ATP; P/O = 3 moles ATP/atom 0). Mass balances for aerobic and anaerobic cultures confirmed the results obtained form the generalized model. Results presented suggested the operation of a mechanism for regulating energy-yielding metabolism which involved an equilibrium between the systems of oxidative phosphorylation and dephosphorylation and was dependent upon the level of catbolite repression.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260160402
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 49
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Properties and use of invertase entrapped in fibers (1974)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 16 (1974), S. 501-511 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Invertase was entrapped in cellulose triacetate fibers and the properties of the insoluble derivative were studied. Fiber-entrapped invertase was found very stable under operating conditions. For some insoluble preparations a half-life value of 5,300 days was calculated; a sample of invertase fibers, continuously hydrolyzing sucrose, maintained unchanged its activity for five years. The activity displayed by invertase fibers was 15-65% of that of the free enzyme, depending on the amount of entrapped enzyme and on the porosity of the fibers. At very high substrate concentrations the activity of the entrapped invertase approximated to that of the free enzyme. The pH optimum for activity was around 4.5 for the free and entrapped invertase. The native and entrapped enzyme was unstable at temperatures higher than 35°C.The continuous hydrolysis of sucrose using invertase fiber was studied and the potential industrial application of entrapped enzyme is discussed.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260160406
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 50
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Hydrolysis of starch by a mixture of enzymes in a membrane reactor (1974)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 16 (1974), S. 545-550 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260160411
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 51
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Assay of glucose oxidase by differential conductivity (1974)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 16 (1974), S. 525-529 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260160408
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 52
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Dispersion and coalescence phenomena in the hydrocarbon fermentation (1974)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 16 (1974), S. 539-543 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260160410
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 53
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of wall growth on continuous biological oxidation of ferrous iron (1974)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 16 (1974), S. 559-563 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260160414
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 54
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    An immunoadsorbent process for removing hepatitis antigen from blood and plasmaBased on a talk given at an American Chemical Society meeting, August 31, 1972. (1974)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 16 (1974), S. 593-607 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: An immunoadsorbent process has been devised for removing serum hepatitis antigen (HAA), from blood, blood plasma, and plasma products.The immunoadsorbent complexes specifically with HAA and the complex is removed from the plasma by filtration. The complex is dissociated with 0.23M NH4OH. The immunoadsorbant is regenerated for further processing, while the purified HAA by-product my be used to produce more antibody in animals.The rate of complexing is such that HAA is reduced one log cycle each 2hr. Since available tests can only detect HAA to about 109 particles per ml, it is proposed that HAA negative plasma and plasma products can be processed to reduce HAA to a probability of less than one HAA particle per plasma pool.A gibbon injected with infectious commercial Factor IX that was subjected to the immunoadsorbent process showed no sign of infection after 8 months. However 14 weeks after injection with unprocessed Factor IX, the gibbon showed signs of infection.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260160504
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 55
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Optimization of the release of undegraded material extracted from cells by ultrasound (1974)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 16 (1974), S. 659-673 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The time course of release of intact labile material from cells by cavitating ultrasound is examined. Curves are presented which show the yield of intact subcellular components obtainable from cells as a function of sonication time for various values of the ratio of inactivation rate to release rate. The general cases where inactivation of released product is concentration dependent (chemical) and concentration independent (mechanical) are considered.For a flow system the time of attainment of equilibrium concentration of active product is analyzed as a function of flow rate, release rate, inactivation rate, and volume of chamber. Curves of optimal yields to be expected for batch and flow systems are presented. It is shown that sonochemical inactivation can be made negligible by sonication of high cell concentration suspensions.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260160508
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 56
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Thermodynamics and rheology of the Hughes press (1974)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 16 (1974), S. 675-687 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Among the methods used for the rupture of cells by means of solid shear, the Hughes press is best known. It operates by forcing an aqueous suspension of cells previously frozen at -27°C under pressure through a narrow circumferential gap. The mode of action requires a knowledge of the isentropic compression of the solid phase and its possible involvement with a phase change from ice I to ice III. It is shown that the mechanical properties of the solid mixture are relevant. A model is proposed of the plastic flow for the geometry of the press and it is shown that cell breakage is proportional to the velocity of the plunger and inversely proportional to gap width.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260160509
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 57
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Masthead (1974)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 16 (1974) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260160601
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 58
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    CO2 mass balance in a suspension of algae cultivated in the neutral pH region of the suspension on an open cultivation surface (1974)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 16 (1974), S. 1015-1023 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The CO2 mass balance for a suspension of algae cultivated in the region of neutral pH of the suspension on an open cultivation surface with a flowing suspension was assessed. From this balance an analytical expression for the course of free CO2 dissolved in the suspension along the flow of the suspension is obtained. Relations for the rate of CO2 decrease in the suspension and the utilization of CO2 supplied to the cultivation surface are derived.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260160803
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 59
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A mild method of general use for covalent coupling of enzymes to chemically activated collagen films (1974)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 16 (1974), S. 1055-1068 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Films of highly polymerized collagen, prepared in industrial conditions, were chosen for surface covalent binding of enzymes because of their insolubility, mechanical resistance, proteic nature, hydrophilic properties and for their abundance in chemically activable —COOH. Untanned films, previously acid- methylated, were activated by acyl azide formation. After removal of reagents by repeated washing, the coupling of enzyme was performed by immersion of the activated film in the enzyme solutions (2 to 3 hr, 0°C). The procedure is particularly mild since the enzymes never come into contact with chemical reagents, and thus avoid all denaturing processes. All the enzymes tested were successfully bound: glutamate dehydrogenase, lactate dehydrogenase, malate dehydrogenase, aspartate aminotransferase, glutamate pyruvate transaminase, creatine kinase, hexokinase, trypsin, and urease. As tested with aspartate amino transferase, enzymatic activity remained constant for months (100% after 5 months) in spite of repeated use of the film at 30°C, washing and storage in buffer at 4°C between assays.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260160806
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 60
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Studies on adsorption of amyloglucosidase on ion-exchange resins (1974)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 16 (1974), S. 1161-1177 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Highly charged water-soluble conjugates of amyloglucosidase with a copolymer of ethylene-maleic acid or styrene-maleic acid were prepared and adsorbed on DEAE-cellulose and other cationic resins. Negatively charged enzyme conjugates were also obtained by means of succinylation. The polyanionic conjugates of amyloglucosidase adsorbed on the cationic carriers show higher temperature stability than the native enzyme adsorbed on the same carriers under the same experimental conditions. The insoluble enzyme conjugate-carrier complexes could be reused and retained their full activity while working continuously for three weeks. The application of the insoluble enzyme preparations with the above characteristics which could possibly satisfy the requirements for industry are discussed.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260160903
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 61
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Properties of ribulose diphosphate carboxylase immobilized on porous glass (1974)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 16 (1974), S. 1507-1516 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Ribulose-1,5-diphosphate carboxylase from spinach has been bound to arylamine porous glass with a diazo linkage and to alklamine porous glass with glutaraldehyde. Stability at elevated temperatures and responses to changes of pH and ribulose-1,5-diphosphate, Mg2+, and dithiothreitol concentrations were not significantly different from the soluble enzyme, though stability at 4°C was somewhat improved.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260161107
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 62
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The kinetics of bacterial growth (1974)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 16 (1974), S. 1545-1547 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260161111
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 63
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A new method for measuring drop-size distribution in hydrocarbon fermentations (1974)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 16 (1974), S. 1557-1564 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260161114
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 64
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Performance characteristics of continuous yeast-alcohol fermentors with no mechanical stirring (1974)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 16 (1974), S. 1611-1631 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Continuous fermentation of grape juice was studied in three basic kinds of nonmechanically stirred fermentors, classified according to the direction in which flow is applied against settling: upward-flow, slant-flow, and horizontal-flow.Fermentation kinetics were found to be zero-order, thus rate was directly proportional to cell density.Completeness of fermentation depends upon yeast characteristics (growth rate flocculation), fermentor geometry (settling depth, flow path length), and upon flow velocity.Fermentor analysis demonstrated that to achieve complete fermentation in the minimum juice holding time, efficient cell retention as well as rapid yeast growth and fermentation rates are required. Fermentor design and operation are discussed in the light of this analysis.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260161205
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 65
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Automated instrument for measuring biological transport kinetics over intervals of a few seconds (1974)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 16 (1974), S. 1645-1657 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Automated sampling device was designed to permit determination of rates of biological transport of metabolites into cells. The substrate was automatically introduced into a stirred cell suspension at 37°C. The first sample was automatically taken after a mixing interval of 1 sec and nine subsequent samples were taken at programmable intervals (1 to 100 sec). The samples were forced by pressure differential (vacuum) through 0.4 μ pore size membranes and approximately 50 μl were collected in disposable cups. The duration of the sampling interval was controllable down to 0.1 sec. The samples preserved records of the substrate concentrations in solution at the time of filtration. With the use of suitable radioactive labeled isotopes, the changes in substrate concentrations may be conveniently measured by liquid scintillation spectrometry, but other analytical procedures of suitable sensitivity may be used. Initial and steady-state transport rates of succinate and glucose in Escherichia coli were obtained using the device.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260161207
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 66
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Theory of the kinetics of reactions catalyzed by enzymes attached to membranes (1974)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 16 (1974), S. 77-97 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A theoretical treatment has been worked out for the kinetics of solid-supported enzyme systems, with diffusive and electrostatic effects taken into account. A utilization factor, defined as the ratio of the actual reaction rate to the rate of substrate consumption in the outer solution, is defined, and equations to evaluate the utilization factor are given for five kinetic conditions: (a) Michaelis-Menten behavior, (b) substrate inhibition, (c) product inhibition (competitive), (d) product inhibition (noncompetitive), and (e) product inhibition (anticompetitive). When the solid-supported enzymes obey a Michaelis-Menten relationship, an equation for the apparent Michaelis constant is given and a criterion for insignificant diffusion effects is shown. A substrate-inhibited enzyme reaction may display multiple steady-state behavior, and a criterion for uniqueness is presented. In the case of product-inhibited enzyme reactions, the utilization factor is always less than that which corresponds to a Michaelis-Menten relationship. Equations to evaluate the apparent Michaelis and inhibition constants are given.
    Additional Material: 13 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260160107
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 67
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Maintaining perpetual synchrony in HeLa S3 culture (1974)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 16 (1974), S. 149-156 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: HeLa S3 cells in suspension culture are resynchronized in each successive generation by exposure to 0.25mM thymidine. The resynchronization approach appears to be superior to single- and double-block techniques because the period of effective inhibition of DNA synthesis is significantly shortened. Gram quantities of highly synchronous viable cells have been produced on a daily basis.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260160111
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 68
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Growth of microorganisms on chemically synthesized carbohydrate (“formose”) syrups (1974)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 16 (1974), S. 209-230 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Formose syrup was studied as a carbon source for growth of a series of microorganisms obtained from various collections. Approximately 80 strains of bacteria, yeasts, and molds were inoculated into a medium containing formose syrup and mineral salts supplemented with small amounts of yeast extract and casein hydrolysate to supply accessory growth factors. Two preparations of formose syrup, produced by two different laboratories, were employed. Formose syrup I, characterized by a low sugar content, was poorly utilized; syrup II, containing a higher sugar concentration, was utilized to a greater extent. Two strains of Aerobacter acrogenes yielded 1.3 g dry cell mass from an initial charge of 10 g of formose II solids, whereas growth on 10 g of D-glucose amounted to 3.7 g.Klebsiella aerogenes MIT-B44, the best microbial strain isolated from soil by an enrichment technique, produced 1.3 g cells from 10 g fromose syrup II solids in supplemented medium; in direct comparisons, it produced 10-15% more cell 0.7-0.9 g cells per 10 g formose and grew with a doubling time of 55-70 min. Under such conditions, its macromolecular composition was 52% protein, 22% RNA, and 2% DNA. Although the apparent yield of cells from formose was only 8-11%, the actual yield based on formose utilized was 30%, the same as observed with glucose.A second strain was isolated from soil by enrichment with spent broth from K. aerogenes. This unidentified gram-negative, short rod-shaped bacterium grew in mixed culture with strain MIT-B44; in unsupplemented media they produced 1.55 g cells from 10 g formose II solids and 2.9 g cells from 10 g glucose.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260160205
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 69
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Mechanical disintegration of microorganisms in an industrial homogenizer (1974)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 16 (1974), S. 261-274 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Disintegration of microorganisms in a continuously working industrial homogenizer has been studied. The homogenizer consists of rotating discs in a cylinder filled with glass beads. Different parameters for disintegration of baker's yeast were investigated. The disintegration process is a first-order reaction and it is influenced by the flow rate of the suspension and by the agitator speed. At a flow rate of 200 liters/hr about 85% of the yeast cells can be disrupted in a single pass through the disintegrator. This type of disintegrator can be used for disruption of cells in order to produce single-cell protein, active enzymes and other valuable cell components.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260160208
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 70
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A novel shaft bearing housing for laboratory-scale fermenters (1974)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 16 (1974), S. 293-293 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260160213
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 71
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Masthead (1974)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 16 (1974) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260160301
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 72
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Biological wastewater treatment model building fits and misfitsPresented in part at the International Association on Water Pollution Research Conference entitled “Toward a United Concept of Biological Wastewater Treatment Design,” Atlanta, Georgia, October 5-6, 1972. (1974)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 16 (1974), S. 1139-1159 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The modeling of biological wastewater treatment processes has received much attention over the past ten years. Efforts are underway to develop a unified model for these processes which will greatly aid in the design and operation of wastewater treatment facilities. This paper presents a philosophical discussion of model building strategies augmented by a discussion of statistical problems associated with model parameter estimation and model discrimination. This discussion further illustrates with actual data, that goodness of fit is not a sufficient condition for model acceptance. Numerous rival models are examined to illustrate this point. In order to verify a model or to discriminate between rival models, they must be “Put in jeopardy.” If this attitude is not employed in model building efforts, important discrepancies in the proposed model may go undetected.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260160902
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 73
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Enhanced enzymatic reaction rates with substrates in aerosol form (1974)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 16 (1974), S. 551-553 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 2 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260160412
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 74
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Preparation of an immobilized two-enzyme system, β-amylase-pullulanase, to an acrylic copolymer for the conversion of starch to maltose. II. Cocoupling of the enzymes and use in a packed bed column (1974)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 16 (1974), S. 579-591 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: β-Amylase (EC 3.2.1.2) and pullulanase (EC 3.2.1.9) have been covalently bound in a two-enzyme system to a crosslinked copolymer of acrylarmide-acrylic acid by using a water-soluble carbodiimide. The coupling yields based on the amounts of added β-amylase and pullulanase were 40% and 38%, respectively, with residual enzymic activities of 22% and 32% of those of free enzymes. A markedly increased operational stability was observed for the immobilized two-enzyme system compared to the free enzymes in solution. In order to find optimal operational conditions the influence of different pH values and temperatures on the conversion process was investigated. The action of the immobilized β-amylase-pullulanase derivative on partially hydrolyzed starch (DE 3.4-10.7) in a packed bed column was studied. Analysis of the product was performed using gas-liquid chromatography.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260160503
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 75
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Continuous hydrocarbon fermentation with colloidal emulsion feed. A kinetic model for two-liquid phase culture (1974)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 16 (1974), S. 635-657 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Candida tropicalis was cultured in a chemostat-type fermentor with n-hexadecane, dispersed in water as submicron droplets, as the only carbon substrate. The emulsion as well as the aqueous medium were fed continuously into the fermentor. A Monod-type equation can correlate the specific group rate in the continuous fermentor with the concentration of submicron droplets. The same equation can also be fitted to the data for the conventional-type batch culture in the same fermentor in which an oil phase as well as an aqueous phase existed, if the hydrocarbon concentration in the aqueous phase excluding oil drops is employed as the substrate concentration. This demonstrates that Candida tropicalis takes up only submicron droplets of n-hexadecane as the carbon substrate.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260160507
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 76
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Preparation of immobilized lactase. Continued studies on the enzymatic hydrolysis of lactose (1974)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 16 (1974), S. 689-696 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A soluble fungal lactase (lactase-W) of greater activity that the previously available fungal lactase (lactase-M) has been covalently coupled to ZrO2-coated porous glass particles and 1 mm diameter porous TiO2 particles. The immobilized lactase-W appears to give results similar to the lactase-M except for the operational half-life. At 30°C the half-life of the lactase-M appears to exceed that of the lactase-W by approximately 100 days under operational conditions.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260160510
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 77
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Kinetics of formation of humic substances in activated sludge systems and their effect on flocculation (1974)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 16 (1974), S. 739-755 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Humic substances were isolated during batch aeration studies with activated sludge and a complex waste source, by using concentration and separation techniques that employ reverse osmosis, ultrafitration, and gel permeation chromatography. The study suggests that the formation of high molecular weight humic substances may occur after the removal of the readily available carbon source. The amount of refractory material finally present in the solution will depend on its adsorptive properties toward bacterial cells. The adsorptive characteristics may be determined by the magnitude of the carbohydrate fraction present in the humic substances. If the carbohydrate content decreases, adsorption onto the cells may decrease resulting in an impairment of both the floe formation and settleability of the sludge floes. Decreased adsorption will result in a higher total organic carbon content and an increase in color bearing materials in the effluent.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260160605
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 78
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Experimental studies on a kinetic model for design and operation of activated sludge processes (1974)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 16 (1974), S. 723-738 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Previous experimentation in our laboratory has shown that the classical theory developed for continuous growth of pure cultures in completely mixed aerobic systems in which the recycle cell concentration factor, c (where c = XR/X), is a selectable system constant, did not provide a suitable model for the heterogeneous (natural) populations of the activated sludge process. Another model was derived in which the recycle cell concentration, XR was employed as a system constant instead of c, and computational analysis was performed. Laboratory pilot plant experimentation was undertaken in order to determine whether a “steady state” in aerator biological solids concentration, X̄, and substrate concentration, S̄, could be approached under this mode of operation. Studies were performed at various organic feed concentrations holding dilution rate, D, at 0.125 hr-1, hydraulic recycle ratio, α, at 0.25, and XR at 10,000 mg/liter. Also, values of maximum specific growth rate, μmax, and saturation constant, Ks were determined. It was found that the model approached the steady state condition with heterogeneous populations more closely than did the classical model, and the high degree of treatment efficiency predicted by the model was demonstrated experimentally.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260160604
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 79
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Masthead (1974)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 16 (1974) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260160701
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 80
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    External and internal diffusion in heterogeneous enzymes systems (1974)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 16 (1974), S. 909-923 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The intrusion of diffusion in heterogeneous enzyme reactions, which follow. Michaelis-Menten kinetics, is quantitatively characterized by dimensionless parameters that are independent of the substrate concentration. The effects of these parameters on the overall rate of reaction is illustrated on plots commonly employed in enzyme kinetics. The departure from Michaelis-Menten kinetics due to diffusion limitations can be best assessed by using Hofstee plots which are also suitable to distinguish between internal and external transport effects. A graphical method is described for the evaluation of the reaction rate as a function of the surface concentration of the substrate from measured data.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260160705
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 81
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Purification of enzymes using magnetic bio-affinity materials (1974)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 16 (1974), S. 987-990 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260160710
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 82
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Mechanism of hydrocarbon uptake by microorganisms (1974)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 16 (1974), S. 1004-1004 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260160713
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 83
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Enzyme catalysis in the presence of nonaqueous solvents using chloroperoxidase (1974)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 16 (1974), S. 1045-1053 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Studies exploring the effect of two nonaqueous solvents on enzyme activity were done using chloroperoxidase as a model system. Chloroperoxidase produced by Caldariomyces fumago is a bifunctional enzyme with halogenating activity at pH 3 and peroxidation activity at pH 5 to 6. Methanol affected both of these activities similarly. Furthermore, methanol and the halogen acceptor, monochlorodimedon, competitively inhibit the reaction. These results are discussed in terms of the site of action of methanol. At 10% methanol concentration, the enzyme retained up to 33% of its activity depending on the monochlorodimedon concentration. Dimethylsulfoxide at 10% concentration permitted up to 47% retention of activity. Its effects on the enzyme are more complex than methanol and are discussed in terms of a transitory inactivation of the enzyme.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260160805
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 84
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Immobilized tannase (1974)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 16 (1974), S. 1095-1102 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The enzyme tannase has been immobilized on an inorganic support by covalent attachment. This immobilized enzyme was characterized and half-lives determined. Since this enzyme has application in the treatment of tea cream, experiments were also carried out to determine the effect of tea on enzyme half-life.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260160809
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 85
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Relationship between oxygen demand and extracellular fatty acids of yeasts grown on n-alkanes (1974)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 16 (1974), S. 1135-1137 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260160813
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 86
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Masthead (1974)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 16 (1974) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260160901
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 87
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Masthead (1974)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 16 (1974) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260161001
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 88
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    An enzyme rate equation for the overall rate of reaction of gel-immobilized glucose oxidase particles under buffered conditions. I. Pseudo-one substrate conditions (1974)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 16 (1974), S. 1299-1320 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The overall rate of reaction of buffered gel-immobilized glucose oxidase particles is described by means of an enzyme rate equation which relates the overall reaction rate of a particle to the free solution characteristics of the enzyme, the effective diffusivity of the limiting substrate in the gel, the characteristic particle size, and the limiting substrate concentration adjacent to the gel surface. This equation accounts quantitatively for the limitation of the overall rate of reaction by substrate diffusion, and it is used to illustrate the influence of the system parameters, i. e., particle size, enzyme concentration, and pH, on the extent of the diffusional resistance associated with gel-immobilized glucose oxidase particles.The enzyme rate equation is generally applicable to those enzymes whose kinetics approximately follow Michaelis-Menten form when in free solution.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260161002
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 89
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Stability of commensalistic systems (1974)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 16 (1974), S. 1373-1392 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The response of two-species commensalistic systems in a chemostat has been investigated after perturbations in steady state conditions and after step changes in dilution rate. The system is inherently stable with not more than three overshoots and undershoots possible. More complicated commensalistic systems are less stable, with limit cycle response occurring after dilution rate changes when feedback inhibition and feedforward activation occurs. In general variation of feedback parameters is more effective in changing the behavior of the systems than variation of feedforward parameters. Limited agreement with the experimental data of Chao and Reilly was obtained.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260161006
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 90
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    An experimental fermenting apparatus designed for the automatic sampling of microbial cultures (1974)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 16 (1974), S. 1407-1411 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260161009
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 91
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A convenient new method of enzyme immobilization (1974)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 16 (1974), S. 1425-1429 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 1 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260161012
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 92
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Enzymatic hydrolysis of waste cellulose (1974)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 16 (1974), S. 1471-1493 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Waste cellulose was a suitable carbon source for cellulose production by Trichoderma viride. The enzyme can be produced in submerged fermentation using newspaper as a growth substrate. A variety of pure and complex cellulosic materials were hydrolyzed by culture filtrates. Saccharification of 5% slurries after 48 hr ranged from 2-92%. The rate and extent of hydrolysis was controlled by degree of crystallinity, particle size, and presence of impurities. Newspaper was used to evaluate methods for the pretreatment of substrate. The best pretreatment was ball milling which gave good size reduction, maximum bulk density, and maximum susceptibility. Hammer milling, fluid energy milling, colloid milling, or alkali treatments were less satisfactory. Dissolving cellulose in cuprammonium, or carbon disulfide (Viscose) and then reprecipitating gave a susceptible, but low bulk density product. However the susceptibility was lost if the substrate was dried. Because of costs, low bulk density, necessity of keep ing the substrate wet, and generation of chemical waste streams dissolving cellulose to increase reactivity does not seem a practical approach.Cellulose fractions separated from municipal trash or agricultural residues such as milled fibres from bovine manure are promising substrates for conversion.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260161105
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 93
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Studies on aminoacylase immobilized on porous ceramic carriers (1974)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 16 (1974), S. 1537-1544 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Aminoacylase was covalently coupled to several porous ceramic type carriers and studied for durability under operating conditions. These studies indicate that it should be possible to develop a commercially economic system based on ceramic carriers for the resolution of racemic mixtures of amino acids.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260161110
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 94
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Soluble-insoluble enzyme catalysts (1974)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 16 (1974), S. 1553-1556 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260161113
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 95
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Preparation of an immobilized two-enzyme system, β-amylase-pullulanase, to an acrylic copolymer for the conversion of starch to maltose. III. Process kinetic studies on continuous reactors (1974)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 16 (1974), S. 1567-1587 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Kinetic studies on the parameters influencing the potential industrial application of an immobilized two-enzyme system of β-amylase and pullulanase for conversion of starch to a product with high maltose content, have been performed. The apparent Michaelis constant, the apparent product inhibitor constant, and the activation energy have been determined for the immobilized preparation and compared to the values for the corresponding soluble enzyme system. The catalytic activity of the immobilized enzymes was studied in a plug-flow reactor and a continuous feed stirred tank reactor. Mathematical models for these reactors have been formulated and adapted to fit the experimental data. Comparisons of the reactor efficiencies were made and the conditions were found to be such as to favor the plug-flow reactor. Results on operational stability tests at different temperatures and substrate concentrations are given.
    Additional Material: 17 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260161202
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 96
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Continuous production of L-citrulline by immobilized Pseudomonas putida cellsPresented at the Annual Meeting of the Agricultural Chemical Society of Japan, Tokyo, Japan, April 3, 1973. (1974)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 16 (1974), S. 1589-1599 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The microbial cells of Pseudomonas putida ATCC 4359 were immobilized by entrapment in a polyacrylamide gel lattice. Enzymatic properties of L-arginine deiminase of the immobilized P. putida cells were investigated and compared with those of the intact cells. The permeability of substrate or product through the cell wall und the heat stability of the enzyme were increased by immobilization of the cells. No difference was observed between pH activity curves of the intact and immobilized cells. The optimal temperature for the formation of L-citrulline was 37°C for the intact cells and 55° C for the immobilized cells.When an aqueous solution of 0.5M L-arginine hydrochloride (pH 6.0) was passed through a column packed with the immobilized cells at a flow rate of SV = 0.26 at 37°C, L-arginine was completely converted to L-citrulline. The enzyme activity of the column was stable and the continuous production of L-citrulline could be carried out at 37°C for the month by using the immobilized cell column. From the effluent of the column, L-citrulline was easily obtained in a good yield.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260161203
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 97
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Nitrogen metabolism in extended aeration processes operated with and without hydrolytic pretreatment of portions of the sludgePresented at the 24th Annual Pollution Control and Industrial Waste Conference, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, April 2-3, 1973. (1974)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 16 (1974), S. 1-20 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Nitrifying characteristics were compared for an extended aeration (total cell recycle) process and one employing an engineering modification of the process utilizing a “hydrolytic assist” to aid biological autodigestion. Laboratory pilot plants were run over a period of years, and it was found that the recently recommended “hydrolytic assist” did not militate against production of a highly nitrified effluent. Under this mode of operation, the effluent was as nitrified as the effluent from the normal extended aeration process. It was also found that the modified process rapidly recovered its nitrifying capability after a period of deprivation of excess ammonia nitrogen. Throughout the period of operation, substrate removal efficiency remained high.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260160103
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 98
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Theory of the kinetics of reactions catalyzed by enzymes attached to the interior surfaces of tubes (1974)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 16 (1974), S. 99-118 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A theoretical treatment is given of the kinetics of reactions catalyzed by enzymes attached to the inner surface of a tube, through which the substrate solution passes. A utilization factor, the ratio of the actual reaction rate to that in the absence of diffusional effects, is defined. A numerical procedure is proposed and numerical and approximate solutions for the utilization factor are given for five kinetic conditions: (a) Michaelis-Menten behavior, (b) substrate inhibition, (c) product inhibition (competitive), (d) product, inhibition (non-competitive), and (e) product inhibition (anticompetitive). When the enzyme chemically attached to a tube obeys a Michaelis-Menten relationship, criteria for insignificant and significant diffusional effects are proposed.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260160108
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 99
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Masthead (1974)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 16 (1974) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260160201
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 100
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Protein modification in nonaqueous media. Preparation and properties of matrix-supported lysozyme (1974)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 16 (1974), S. 361-369 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Hen's egg white lysozyme (EC 3.2.1.17) has been covalently attached to a polystyrene matrix via interaction of protein nucleophiles with an aromatic imidazolide function under anhydrous conditions. The polymer-enzyme complex is prepared in a way which allows nonaqueous solubilization of the complex. The activity of the bound enzyme compares favorably with the activity of the native protein. The pH optima for the matrix-supported protein are shifted toward the basic side. The effect of substrate concentration on rate has been determined. (A preliminary report of this work has been published: G. J. Bartling, H. D. Brown, S. K. Chattopadhyay, Nature 243, 342-344 (1973).)
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260160306
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
Close ⊗
This website uses cookies and the analysis tool Matomo. More information can be found here...