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  • 1985-1989  (6,073)
  • 1905-1909
  • Chemical Engineering  (3,542)
  • Engineering  (2,531)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Masthead (1989)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal of Numerical Modelling: Electronic Networks, Devices and Fields 2 (1989) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0894-3370
    Keywords: Engineering ; Electrical and Electronics Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jnm.1660020301
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Masthead (1989)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal of Numerical Modelling: Electronic Networks, Devices and Fields 2 (1989) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0894-3370
    Keywords: Engineering ; Electrical and Electronics Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jnm.1660020101
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Characterization of wire-grids for filters in circular waveguides at millimetre wavelengths (1989)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal of Numerical Modelling: Electronic Networks, Devices and Fields 2 (1989), S. 1-15 
    Details
    ISSN: 0894-3370
    Keywords: Engineering ; Electrical and Electronics Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: In order to develop a new kind of filter that makes a compromise between quasi-optical and more traditional bandpass filtering techniques at millimetre wavelengths, a theoretical modelling of grids in oversize and monomodal waveguides is performed using a variational method.
    Additional Material: 11 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jnm.1660020102
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Fourier approach to semiconductor device modelling (1989)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal of Numerical Modelling: Electronic Networks, Devices and Fields 2 (1989), S. 31-52 
    Details
    ISSN: 0894-3370
    Keywords: Engineering ; Electrical and Electronics Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: A novel procedure for the numerical modelling of current transport in semiconductor devices is presented. The method is based on high-order trigonometric expansions (Fourier series) of the solution. The expansion coefficients are calculated in a Galerkin-type algorithm. The method offers infinite-order accuracy regardless of the number of spatial dimensions of the model. Well-conditioning and diagonal dominance of the discrete equations render the numerical procedure stable and effective. Significant advantages are expected, particularly for the solution of strongly non-linear multidimensional device models. Properties of the algorithm are demonstrated on standard semiconductor devices.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jnm.1660020104
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Coupling between electromagnetic fields and multimode transmission systems using TLMInvited Paper. (1989)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal of Numerical Modelling: Electronic Networks, Devices and Fields 2 (1989), S. 227-240 
    Details
    ISSN: 0894-3370
    Keywords: Engineering ; Electrical and Electronics Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: The coupling between incident electromagnetic fields and lossless, multimode, multiconductor, transmission systems is studied using transmission-line modelling (TLM). Model predictions compared well with experimental multimode results. The model presented is suitable for studying electromagnetic compatibility problems in the time-domain.
    Additional Material: 16 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jnm.1660020406
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Announcement (1989)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal of Numerical Modelling: Electronic Networks, Devices and Fields 2 (1989), S. 280-280 
    Details
    ISSN: 0894-3370
    Keywords: Engineering ; Electrical and Electronics Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jnm.1660020411
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A comparison between the time-domain and the frequency-domain diakoptic methods of solving field problems by transmission-line modelling (1989)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal of Numerical Modelling: Electronic Networks, Devices and Fields 2 (1989), S. 17-29 
    Details
    ISSN: 0894-3370
    Keywords: Engineering ; Electrical and Electronics Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: The nature and significance of time-domain approximations needed for a diakoptic solution using transmission-line modelling (TLM) are examined. Truncation, filtering and repeated convolution of time responses result in severe restrictions in the accuracy of time-domain diakoptics. The frequency-domain diakoptic method has several advantages, including speed and simplicity, and warrants further study.
    Additional Material: 13 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jnm.1660020103
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Masthead (1989)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal of Numerical Modelling: Electronic Networks, Devices and Fields 2 (1989) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0894-3370
    Keywords: Engineering ; Electrical and Electronics Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jnm.1660020201
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A self-consistent model for short-channel mosfets (1989)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal of Numerical Modelling: Electronic Networks, Devices and Fields 2 (1989), S. 81-92 
    Details
    ISSN: 0894-3370
    Keywords: Engineering ; Electrical and Electronics Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: A de model for short-channel MOSFETs is presented in this paper. Several second-order effects associated with small-geometry MOSFETs such as mobility degradation, carrier velocity saturation and channel length modulation are included in the model. The analysis emphasizes the modeling of the output conductance and the transconductance which are important in analogue circuit simulation. The theoretical predictions of the model are in good agreement with the experimental data available in the literature.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jnm.1660020204
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    An application of dyadics to the analysis of power transformers (1989)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal of Numerical Modelling: Electronic Networks, Devices and Fields 2 (1989), S. 75-80 
    Details
    ISSN: 0894-3370
    Keywords: Engineering ; Electrical and Electronics Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: A simulation of power transformers following switching operations is presented in which each core section is represented by a non-linear inductance, the differential inductance being determined from the flux density in that section of the core. In analysing the resultant circuit model for the transformer it is shown that the circuit equations have dyadic properties which can be used to give a more efficient numerical solution.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jnm.1660020203
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  • 11
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Investigation on the power-handling capacity of a class of E-plane millimetre-wave filters using finite element modelling (1989)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal of Numerical Modelling: Electronic Networks, Devices and Fields 2 (1989), S. 93-102 
    Details
    ISSN: 0894-3370
    Keywords: Engineering ; Electrical and Electronics Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: An approach, based on the finite element method (FEM), is used for evaluating the electromagnetic field distribution in a class of E-plane metal insert filters, operating in the Ka-band. Artificial boundary conditions are inserted directly in a functional, enabling a solution of the scalar wave equation by finite element method.The scattering parameters of the filter, the electromagnetic field and, therefore, the current distributions on the thin metal inserts are computed. Then, the power dissipated in the metallic septa, which is one of the major limitations for the maximum CW-power that can be handled by these types of filter, is evaluated using a perturbational approach. Finally, the maximum field intensity is determined, allowing an estimate of the maximum peak power that these structures can handle.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jnm.1660020205
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  • 12
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Multigrid TLM for diffusion problems (1989)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal of Numerical Modelling: Electronic Networks, Devices and Fields 2 (1989), S. 103-111 
    Details
    ISSN: 0894-3370
    Keywords: Engineering ; Electrical and Electronics Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: The multigrid technique, which is mainly used in the finite difference method, is applied to the TLM (transmission-line matrix or modeling) procedure. In the multigrid TLM, the field region is covered with sets of regular transmission-line matrices of different mesh sizes. The finer grid pattern, which overlaps the coarser grid, fills the region with high field gradients. Data obtained in the coarser grid are transferred to the finer grid through an interpolation process and used as boundary conditions for the latter. The finer grid data are then transferred back to the coarser one, thus improving the coarse grid values. The method is applied to several diffusion problems and significant improvements in accuracy and efficiency are shown.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jnm.1660020206
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  • 13
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Numerical modelling - A fast-growing field (1989)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal of Numerical Modelling: Electronic Networks, Devices and Fields 2 (1989), S. 115-115 
    Details
    ISSN: 0894-3370
    Keywords: Engineering ; Electrical and Electronics Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jnm.1660020302
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  • 14
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weighted Gaussian quadratures for singular and near -singular integrands (1989)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal of Numerical Modelling: Electronic Networks, Devices and Fields 2 (1989), S. 131-142 
    Details
    ISSN: 0894-3370
    Keywords: Engineering ; Electrical and Electronics Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: Numerical quadratures encountered in solving integral equations and in finite element analysis often involve singular integrands, or integrands with very rapid local variation whose numerical stability resembles that of singularities. It is shown that specialized quadrature formulae of Gauss-Christoffel type can be generated for such integrands, using a recursive procedure based on the properties of the underlying orthogonal polynomials. Quadrature formulae of moderately high degree can be computed rapidly enough to allow them to be constructed as needed. An algorithm for generating quadrature formulae is given in detail. Singular or near -singular functions encountered in finite element analysis typically require three -point or four -point quadratures; such formulae are readily obtained, to seven -figure accuracy, in computing times short enough to regard the formulae as disposable and not worth preserving in tables.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jnm.1660020304
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  • 15
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Calls for papers (1989)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal of Numerical Modelling: Electronic Networks, Devices and Fields 2 (1989), S. 187-188 
    Details
    ISSN: 0894-3370
    Keywords: Engineering ; Electrical and Electronics Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jnm.1660020307
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  • 16
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    From Huygens to Johns - 300 years of Huygens's principle (1989)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal of Numerical Modelling: Electronic Networks, Devices and Fields 2 (1989), S. 189-190 
    Details
    ISSN: 0894-3370
    Keywords: Engineering ; Electrical and Electronics Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jnm.1660020402
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  • 17
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The 3D transmission-line matrix method: Theory and comparison of the processesInvited Paper. (1989)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal of Numerical Modelling: Electronic Networks, Devices and Fields 2 (1989), S. 191-201 
    Details
    ISSN: 0894-3370
    Keywords: Engineering ; Electrical and Electronics Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: This paper presents an overview of the 3D transmission-line matrix method of analysis, describing the various nodes which are available to date: expanded node, asymmetrical condensed node, symmetrical condensed node. The most general scattering matrices of these nodes are given. The various techniques used to implement irregularly graded meshes are also described. A comparison of all the processes applied to the same structure is made. Conclusions on their use are then discussed.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jnm.1660020403
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  • 18
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Call for papers (1989)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal of Numerical Modelling: Electronic Networks, Devices and Fields 2 (1989), S. 279-279 
    Details
    ISSN: 0894-3370
    Keywords: Engineering ; Electrical and Electronics Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jnm.1660020410
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  • 19
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Transmission-line modelling of semiconductor lasers: The transmission-line laser model (1989)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal of Numerical Modelling: Electronic Networks, Devices and Fields 2 (1989), S. 249-265 
    Details
    ISSN: 0894-3370
    Keywords: Engineering ; Electrical and Electronics Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: The application of the transmission-line modelling technique to the design of semiconductor lasers and optical systems is reviewed. Generalized scattering matrices are developed to allow the technique to be applied to novel devices and systems.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jnm.1660020408
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  • 20
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Drift-diffusion versus energy model for millimetre-wave impatt diodes modelling (1989)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal of Numerical Modelling: Electronic Networks, Devices and Fields 2 (1989), S. 61-73 
    Details
    ISSN: 0894-3370
    Keywords: Engineering ; Electrical and Electronics Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: A new P-N junction device model is presented. It consists of two numerical unidimensional macroscopic models. The first is a drift-diffusion model. The second is an energy model accounting for the carrier energy relaxation effects. Because device optimization requires systematic investigations, the computing time is of paramount importance and, so an accurate comparison between these two models was undertaken under both static steady-state and dynamic 94 GHz conditions in order to point out the relative interest of the energy model. This study is mainly devoted to silicon millimetre-wave IMPATTs. This comparison has highlighted the superiority of the energy model for the description of low field transport phenomena. But as IMPATT RF properties are mainly governed by high field transport, the RF power levels predicted by the two models have been found to be similar. Moreover it has shown that the energy model tends to underestimate both the efficiency and the diode terminal negative resistance level. This parasitic effect is inherent to the description of the carrier generation process by impact ionization which in this model is assumed to be governed by the carrier energy.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jnm.1660020202
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  • 21
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Calls for papers (1989)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal of Numerical Modelling: Electronic Networks, Devices and Fields 2 (1989), S. 113-113 
    Details
    ISSN: 0894-3370
    Keywords: Engineering ; Electrical and Electronics Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jnm.1660020207
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  • 22
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Simulation of capacitive array sensors using finite and infinite elements (1989)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal of Numerical Modelling: Electronic Networks, Devices and Fields 2 (1989), S. 117-129 
    Details
    ISSN: 0894-3370
    Keywords: Engineering ; Electrical and Electronics Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: The response of capacitive array sensors in the presence of flawed solid materials is simulated using finite elements and infinite elements with exponential decay. Conventional finite elements are used to model the critical regions near the probe and the surface of the solid. Infinite elements are used to represent the farfield conditions of the space surrounding the probe and the solid. The method is first applied to problems with analytic solutions to determine the accuracy of the results obtained using the infinite elements. The response of a capacitive array sensor is then simulated using a line integral which measures the relative change in admittance between flawed and unflawed solids. Examples of capacitive probe responses are given for several parametric variations of the flaw size and dielectric constant of the solid.
    Additional Material: 13 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jnm.1660020303
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  • 23
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Mathematical modelling of a 3 -phase to single -phase cycloinverter (1989)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal of Numerical Modelling: Electronic Networks, Devices and Fields 2 (1989), S. 143-152 
    Details
    ISSN: 0894-3370
    Keywords: Engineering ; Electrical and Electronics Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: The paper outlines the operating principles of a 3 -phase to single -phase cycloinverter, as used in heating and melting applications, and presents a digital computer model on which performance predictions may be based. Ideal power switches, an input filter and a compensated heating load are assumed in formulating an initial set of state -variable equations which are valid when all the switching devices are conducting. Connection matrix techniques are then used to generate the mesh equations relevant to the continually changing pattern of the switching devices, leading to a very versatile simulation program. Experimental results from a laboratory -scale unit are presented for different output power levels, and these are compared with corresponding computed results to illustrate the close similarity that exists.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jnm.1660020305
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  • 24
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Masthead (1989)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal of Numerical Modelling: Electronic Networks, Devices and Fields 2 (1989) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0894-3370
    Keywords: Engineering ; Electrical and Electronics Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jnm.1660020401
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  • 25
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Efficient direct and iterative electrodynamic analysis of geometrically complex MIC and MMIC structures (1989)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal of Numerical Modelling: Electronic Networks, Devices and Fields 2 (1989), S. 153-186 
    Details
    ISSN: 0894-3370
    Keywords: Engineering ; Electrical and Electronics Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: Rigorous full -wave analysis techniques are presently receiving much attention in the design of MICs and, in particular, of MMICs due to increasing circuit packing densities and structural complexity. In this paper, the problems associated with such techniques and previous related work are briefly outlined in the introduction. To obtain self -consistency, the electrodynamic Green's functions and related terms are then formulated for the shielded (M)MIC problem. The final operator equation for the numerical solutions derived and the associated functions space are presented and discussed. The central portion of the paper describes a new numerical solution using a discretized Green's function database technique. The resulting linear system of equations is solved by direct inversion for geometrical complexities involving up to about 1000 unknowns; for a higher number of unknowns, an iterative solution is generated. As an alternative to the database technique developed, a variety of spectral domain iterative solutions has been written and tested as well. This includes application of the conjugate gradient method to the normal operator equation (CGN algorithm), an implicit iterative Galerkin approximation called the modified planar conjugate gradient technique (MPCG) and monotonically convergent iteration procedure being a version of the conjugate residual algorithm (CR). Supplementary to this, the extraction of (M)MIC design data from the numerical 3D solutions obtained and error considerations are presented. The paper concludes with a variety of analysis examples of medium to high geometrical complexity and with verification of some results by comparison with measurements and with numerical data from other sources.CPU times required on typical workstations (Micro VAX, HP 9000, etc.) are moderate, thus rendering the techniques presented as useful in the solution of MIC and MMIC design problems.
    Additional Material: 19 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jnm.1660020306
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  • 26
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A multicompartment TLM model for solving first-order rate equations (1989)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal of Numerical Modelling: Electronic Networks, Devices and Fields 2 (1989), S. 53-60 
    Details
    ISSN: 0894-3370
    Keywords: Engineering ; Electrical and Electronics Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: This paper introduces a simple model for solving a system of first-order rate equations using the TLM numerical method. A general algorithm is developed by setting up a matrix of discrete compartments. The rate constants provide the linkage between each compartment and the neighbouring ones. The method is demonstrated by some examples in which saturation conditions are considered. The TLM solution is compared with analytical solutions and the Rung-Kutta method of solving differential equations.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jnm.1660020105
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  • 27
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A comparison of the dispersion characteristics associated with the TLM and FD-TD methods (1989)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal of Numerical Modelling: Electronic Networks, Devices and Fields 2 (1989), S. 203-214 
    Details
    ISSN: 0894-3370
    Keywords: Engineering ; Electrical and Electronics Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: This paper presents the dispersion characteristics of the FD-TD algorithm by showing the numerical phase and group velocities of the TEM, TE or TM modal solutions. For the TEM wave propagation, there exist three fundamental directions to which phase and group velocities can be expressed by only a single variable (wave number k or frequency ω). Those special directions were chosen to show the dispersive nature of the FD-TD algorithm of which the group and phase velocities depend explicitly on frequencies.In view of similarities between the TLM and FD-TD algorithms, a comparison of phase velocity characteristics of both methods was made. Under the special condition where the stability factor s is larger than 1/2, the FD-TD algorithm is found less dispersive than that of the original TLM. However, newly developed symmetrical TLM method appears less dispersive than the FD-TD algorithm.In the numerical simulation of waveguide modal solutions, it was found that there exists an optimum frequency which provide least numerical error in the FD-TD application. A procedure, which determines the stability factor s and the maximum allowed frequency Fmax for the best numerical results, is proposed in this paper.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jnm.1660020404
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  • 28
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The modelling of EM leakage into advanced composite enclosures using the TLM techniqueInvited Paper. (1989)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal of Numerical Modelling: Electronic Networks, Devices and Fields 2 (1989), S. 241-248 
    Details
    ISSN: 0894-3370
    Keywords: Engineering ; Electrical and Electronics Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: The TLM technique has been enhanced to allow the accurate modelling of EM diffusion through advanced composite material shells. This is a significant development owing to the rapidly increasing use of conducting composite materials in aerospace vehicle design. The accurate EM modelling of this class of materials is important for correct design of vehicles with regard to electromagnetic compatibility (EMC).Existing 3-D time-domain TLM models a non-perfectly conducting shell using a resistive sheet (or sheets) to simulate the surface. The results from this model are shown to be slightly inaccurate and require lengthy computer solution times. A separate 1-D, frequency-domain transmission-line model has been developed elsewhere to better analyse the diffusion properties of composite materials. The incorporation of the results from this frequency domain code into the 3-D time-domain TLM algorithm is outlined.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jnm.1660020407
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    The calculation of radar cross-section (RCS) using the TLM method (1989)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal of Numerical Modelling: Electronic Networks, Devices and Fields 2 (1989), S. 267-278 
    Details
    ISSN: 0894-3370
    Keywords: Engineering ; Electrical and Electronics Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: The calculation of the radar cross-section (RCS) of complex bodies using the symmetrical condensed TLM method is presented. The technique is based on a near-to-far field transformation of the TLM calculated near fields. Several two-dimensional examples are presented which validate the method. The main advantage of utilizing techniques such as TLM for RCS computation lies in the ability to model arbitrary bodies with complex material compositions.
    Additional Material: 11 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jnm.1660020409
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  • 30
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    The discrete time domain Green's function or Johns matrix  -  A new powerful concept in transmission line modelling (TLM)Invited Paper. (1989)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal of Numerical Modelling: Electronic Networks, Devices and Fields 2 (1989), S. 215-225 
    Details
    ISSN: 0894-3370
    Keywords: Engineering ; Electrical and Electronics Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: A new TLM-based concept analogous to the Green's function approach in classical electromagnetic theory is presented. It employs the procedure known as time domain diakoptics. The response of a TLM mesh to a unit impulse excitation at selected input points is interpreted as a discrete Green's function in the time domain, and the term ‘Johns matrix’ is proposed for this characteristic response. As in classical theory, the response of the mesh to an arbitrary excitation is found by convolving the excitation with its Johns matrix. This concept extends the generalized scattering parameter concept into the time dimension, opens unprecedented possibilities for partioning time domain problems at the field level, and permits large-scale preprocessing of substructures for computer-aided design. It also represents and elegant way of modelling broadband absorbing boundary conditions, imperfectly conducting walls and general frequency dispersive boundaries in the time domain.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jnm.1660020405
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    Materials science in space. L. Regel, Halsted Press, New York, 1987, 244 pp., $34.95 (1989)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 35 (1989), S. 875-876 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690350528
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    Chemical process control - CPCIII. Proceedings of the Third International Conference on Chemical Process Control, Asilomer, Jan., 1986, ed., M. Morari, and T. J. McAvoy, Elsevier, 1986, 932 pp., $153.25 (1989)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 35 (1989), S. 876-876 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690350531
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    An atlas of functions. J. Spanier, and K. B. Oldham, Hemisphere Publishing, New York, 1987, 712 pp., $149.50 (1989)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 35 (1989), S. 877-877 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690350537
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    Properties of inorganic and organic fluids. CINDAS data series on material properties. Vol. V-1, P. E. Liley, T. Makita, and Y. Tanaka, Hemisphere Publishing, New York, 1988, 307 pp., $80.00 (1989)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 35 (1989), S. 877-877 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690350541
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  • 35
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    Flash points of organic and organometallic compounds. R. M. Stephenson, Elsevier, New York, 1987, 295 pp., $69.00 (1989)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 35 (1989), S. 877-877 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690350542
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  • 36
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    Porosity distributions in a fluidized bed with an immersed obstacle (1989)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 35 (1989), S. 908-922 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Erosion in bubbling fluidized-bed combustors is a serious issue that may affect their reliability and economics. Available evidence suggests that the key to understanding this erosion is detailed knowledge of the coupled and complex phenomena of solids circulation and bubble motion. A thin transparent “two-dimensional” rectangular fluidized bed with an obstacle served as a rough model for a fluidized-bed combustor. This model was studied experimentally and computationally using two hydrodynamic equation sets. The computed hydrodynamic results agree reasonably well with experimental data. Bubble frequencies and sizes compare well with those obtained from analyzing a high-speed motion picture frame-by-frame. Time-averaged porosities computed from both models agree with time-averaged porosity distributions measured with a gamma-ray densitometer. The principal diferences between the data and the computations in this paper are due to asymmetries present in the experiment and to the simplified solids rheology used in the hydrodynamic models.
    Additional Material: 13 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690350604
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    Absorbed solution theory models for multicomponent adsorption equilibria (1989)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 35 (1989), S. 959-966 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A new approach is developed for applying ideal and real adsorbed solution theory models to the description of multicomponent adsorption equilibria at fixed pressure. This allows ignoring single-component behavior in the Henry's law region, P → O, but introduces new parameters that must be evaluated from binary equilibrium data. Comparisons with various sets of experimental data show that the new approach gives results as good as the classical one, but without requiring knowledge of the single component behavior in the Henry's law region; more over, it removes the sensitivity to the type of model adopted in fitting single-component equilibrium data.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690350609
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    Role of porosity loss in limiting SO2 capture by calcium based sorbents (1989)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 35 (1989), S. 988-994 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The extent of high temperature (900-1,300°C), short time (〈1 s) SO2 capture was found to be limited by temperature-dependent losses in the porosity of calcium based sorbents. At 970°C these porosity losses were caused by CO2-activated sintering. Sulfation of the sorbents either prevented or reduced the extent of porosity losses. Differences in SO2 capture between hydroxides from different commercial sources, and significantly lower levels of capture by calcium carbonates compared to hydroxides were attributed to differences in particle size and the degree of porosity loss.
    Additional Material: 12 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690350612
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    Dynamics and control of quasirational systems (1989)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 35 (1989), S. 1017-1028 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Systems having transfer functions of the form \documentclass{article}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$$ G_P (s) = \frac{{P_1 (s) - P_2 (s)e^{ - t_d s} }}{{Q(s)}}, $$\end{document} where P1(s), P2(s) and Q(s) are polynomials, are called quasirational distributed systems (QRDS). They are encountered in processes modeled by hyperbolic partial differential equations. QRDS can have an infinity of right half-plane zeros which causes large phase lags and can result in poor performance of the closed-loop system with PID controllers. Theory on the asymptotic location of zeros of quasipolynomials is used to predict the nonminimum phase characteristics of QRDS and formulas are presented for factoring QRDS models into minimum and non-minimum phase elements.A generalized Smith predictor controller design procedure for QRDS, based on this factorization, is derived. It uses pole placement to obtain a controller parameterization that introduces free poles which are selected to satisfy robustness specifications. The use of pole placement allows for the design of robust control systems in a transparent manner. Controller selection is generally better, simpler and more direct with this procedure than searching for optimal PID controller settings.
    Additional Material: 15 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690350615
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    Heat and mass transfer during the dissociation of hydrates in porous media (1989)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 35 (1989), S. 1049-1052 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690350620
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    From CA to CAS online. By Hedda Schulz, Translated by Elizabeth Mole, VCH Publishers, 1988, 227 pp (1989)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 35 (1989), S. 1053-1053 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690350623
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  • 42
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    Adjustable solute distribution between polymers and supercritical fluids (1989)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 35 (1989), S. 1097-1106 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The sorption of toluene, dilute in CO2, and likewise the distribution coefficient of toluene between silicone rubber and CO2 have been explored from gaseous to supercritical fluid conditions. Sorption and desorption isotherms were determined by frontal analysis using a new inverse supercritical fluid chromatography technique at 35 and 70°C up to 250 bar. Complementary swelling data are presented for pure CO2 in silicone rubber up to 315 bar. A new result is that the sorption of toluene goes through a maximum and is highly adjustable over a continuum in the highly compressible region of carbon dioxide. This behavior is explained physically and predicted quantitatively with the Flory equation and the Peng-Robinson equation of state using only information from binary systems. These results are useful for a wide variety of applications including impregnation of polymers with pharmaceuticals, fragrances and other additives, and polymer purification.
    Additional Material: 12 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690350705
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    Pellet-model effects on simulation models for fixed-bed desulfurization reactors (1989)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 35 (1989), S. 1137-1147 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Detailed mathematical models, pore or grain based, describing diffusion, reaction, and pore structure evolution in pellets of porous solids are used to simulate, along with a macroscopic reactor design model, the transient phenomena that take place during desulfurization of coal gas in fixed-bed reactors of pellets of metal oxide sorbents. Our computer simulation results show that the form of the pore- or grain-size distribution strongly influences the predictions of the overall reactor design model.
    Additional Material: 11 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690350709
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  • 44
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    Electronic Resource
    High-temperature adsorption of alkali vapors on solid sorbents (1989)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 35 (1989), S. 1186-1194 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Vapors of alkali metal compounds can be removed from coal combustion and gasification flue gases using high-temperature aluminosilicate sorbents. The fundamentals of alkali adsorption on kaolinite, bauxite, and emathlite are compared and analyzed both experimentally and through theoretical modeling. The results show that the process is not a simple physical condensation, but a complex combination of diffusion and reaction. The kinetics of adsorption on these sorbents have similarities: the process is diffusion-influenced, the rate decreases with time, and there is a final saturation limit. There are, however, differences in reaction mechanisms leading to potentially different applications for each sorbent. In adsorbing alkali chloride vapors, kaolinite and emathlite release all the chlorine back to the gas phase while bauxite retains some of the chlorine. Moreover, the products of reaction with emathlite have a melting point significantly lower than those for kaolinite and bauxite. Therefore, emathlite is more suitable for lower-temperature sorption systems downstream of the combustors/gasifiers, while kaolinite and bauxite are suitable as in-situ additives.
    Additional Material: 17 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690350714
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    Electronic Resource
    Unusual behavior of a pollution abatement system: SO2 capture by red ochre (1989)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 35 (1989), S. 1203-1206 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690350717
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  • 46
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    Errata (1989)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 35 (1989), S. 1210-1210 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690350719
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  • 47
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    Axial turbulent diffusion in fluid between rotating coaxial cylinders (1989)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 35 (1989), S. 1211-1214 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690350720
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    Electronic Resource
    Porosity effects in hydrogen reduction of iron oxides (1989)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 35 (1989), S. 1245-1252 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The rates of reduction of hematite to magnetite and of magnetite to iron in hydrogen / nitrogen / water vapor atmospheres were each studied with respect to variation in temperature, gas composition, and solid pore structure. It is shown that at temperatures below 350°C, the reactions are under chemical kinetic control, and diffusional limitations are negligible. The activation energies for the reduction of hematite to magnetite and of magnetite to iron were found to be 185 kJ / mol and 76.6 k J / mol, respectively. Both reactions exhibit first-order behavior for hydrogen partial pressures less than 76 kPa. The conversion and rate data for each reaction were interpreted in terms of the random pore model of Bhatia and Perlmutter (1980), which takes into account the detailed pore structure of the starting material as well as the changes that occur as the reaction proceeds. The model predictions of conversion with time agree with the measured data to within 2%, and the rate vs. conversion predictions agree to within 5%.
    Additional Material: 12 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690350803
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    A macroscopic model for countercurrent gas-liquid flow in packed columns (1989)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 35 (1989), S. 1282-1292 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A macroscopic model based on the volume-averaged equations of motion is presented for countercurrent gas-liquid flow in a packed bed. The model yields a column-limited flooding point as the loss of existence of uniform states. It correctly predicts the existence of two uniform states below the flooding point. The lower branch corresponds to the trends commonly observed experimentally. It is shown that the upper branch is made unattainable by the gas distributor/support plate at the bottom of the column. The occurrence of premature flooding induced by the support plate is also explained. It is suggested that the occurrence of spontaneous liquid segregation, necessitating frequent liquid redistribution in columns with large dumped packings and porosities, is a consequence of the loss of stability of the uniform state in the lower branch.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690350807
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  • 50
    Electronic Resource
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    Partial internal wetting of catalyst particles with a distribution of pore size (1989)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 35 (1989), S. 1337-1345 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The recent model of partial internal wetting of catalyst particles (Bhatia, 1988) is extended to allow for pore-size distribution, multicomponent diffusion, and nonlinear kinetics for spherical particles exposed to condensible vapor undergoing an exothermic reaction. Profiles of liqid filling of the pores are computed, and the influence on mass transfer and effectiveness factor is determined. Under certain circumstances, the effectiveness factor has a maximum with respect to the mole fraction of condensible component suggesting an optimum vapor-phase composition. As the bulk vapor approaches saturation the effectiveness factor and particle temperature can drop sharply because of precipitious increase in liquid filling. However, a significant fraction of the pore space is still dry in contradiction to prior models assuming complete internal wetting of catalyst particles. The new model is more realistic than earlier attempts and lays the framework for proper representation of the physical phenomena involved.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690350812
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    Wave height estimation in stratified gas-liquid flows (1989)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 35 (1989), S. 1346-1350 
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    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Andritsos and Hanratty (1978b) have shown that the increase in interfacial drag caused by waves in stratified gas-liquid flows is related to the wave steepness. Recent analyses of finite amplitude Kelvin-Helmholtz waves are used to develop a correlation for the ratio of the wave height to wavelength.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690350813
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    Solid flow in the annular region of a spouted bed (1989)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 35 (1989), S. 1328-1336 
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    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The solid circulation in the annular region of a 0.146 and a 0.292 m ID semicylindrical and cylindrical air spouted beds was investigated for different spouting conditions. Stroboscopic photography, stopwatch and fiber optic methods were used to measure the vertical particle velocities in the annular region. The optical fiber probe enabled the measurement of particle velocities inside the dense annular phase and was validated at the walls. Velocity profiles in half beds were very different from those found in full beds. The work was then limited to full beds. Experimental results show that the solids flow is characterized by a point sink at the nozzle entrance with the solids moving almost in plug flow higher in the bed. There is negligible entrainment of solids along the spout wall and slow, thin wall layers are observed near the walls and spout. The velocity profiles are independent of the total height of the bed. A kinematic model successfully describes the observed velocity field.
    Additional Material: 12 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690350811
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    Dynamic analysis of viscous flow and diffusion in porous solids (1989)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 35 (1989), S. 1370-1375 
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    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690350816
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    Errata (1989)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 35 (1989), S. 1398-1398 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690350822
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    Masthead (1989)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 35 (1989) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690350901
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    Periodic operation of a trickle-bed reactor (1989)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 35 (1989), S. 1437-1444 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The influence of periodic water flow on SO2 oxidation in a trickle bed of activated carbon catalyst was investigated, whereby gaseous reactants were introduced into the trickle-bed reactor continuously, but water was turned on and off. Mean liquid superficial velocities of 0.86 and 1.65 mm/s were used. At the latter, an increase in the oxidation rate of about 30 to 45% was found within a range of cycle periods from 2 to 80 min. A temperature change of up to 7°C was observed in the bed during periodic operation. An explanation of the improved average oxidation rate under periodic operation is developed in terms of the steady-state rates with and without water flow for symmetrical and asymmetrical cycles.
    Additional Material: 11 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690350904
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    Dispersion and diffusion influences on yield in complex reaction networks (1989)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 35 (1989), S. 1509-1520 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Differences in the dispersion and/or catalytic pellet size between laboratory and commercial reactors, operating at the same average residence time, may lead to differences in the yield of a desired product. Bounds are developed for predicting the maximal design uncertainty introduced by these phenomena for a network consisting of an arbitrary number of irreversible first-order reactions. A major advantage of these bounds is that they do not require any knowledge of the rate constants. It is shown that in a packed-bed reactor, the fractional yield loss is smaller than: \documentclass{article}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$$ 0.5{\rm }(m - 1){\rm }\left[{\sigma _\theta ^{\rm 2} + \left({1.2 + \frac{2}{{Bi_m }}} \right)p^2 } \right] $$\end{document} where m - 1 is the number of reaction steps involved in converting a reactant to the desired product, σθ2 is the dimensionless variance of the residence time density function, Bim is the Biot number, p2 = [(Vp/Sx)2(1/Deτ)], and τ is the average residence time.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690350911
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    Observation of a dynamic wetting process using Laser-Doppler velocimetry (1989)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 35 (1989), S. 1521-1526 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The purpose of this study is to observe the dynamic wetting process of a slide coater flow (Ca = 0.16; Re = 14.4; St = 0.0142; ΔeP = 2.5), using a specially-developed Laser-Doppler measuring technique.The measurements, carried out with glycerol solutions, reveal that the observed contact line is apparent and that a thin air film is entrained between the web and the liquid surface. The liquid is accelerated along the lower free surface and attains approximately 50% of the web velocity at the apparent contact line. Downstream from the apparent contact line, the liquid is further accelerated along the air film to the web velocity at the real contact line.The apparent contact angle increases with the capillary number Ca and air entrainment occurs at Ca = 0.25.
    Additional Material: 13 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690350912
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  • 59
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    Effect of pore size distribution on enzyme immobilization in porous supports (1989)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 35 (1989), S. 1551-1554 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690350917
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  • 60
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    Model of the effect of chemical reaction on bulk-phase concentrations (1989)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 35 (1989), S. 1564-1568 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690350920
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    Errata (1989)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 35 (1989), S. 1582-1582 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690350924
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  • 62
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    Synthesis of feedforward/state feedback controllers for nonlinear processes (1989)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 35 (1989), S. 1602-1616 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A systematic method for synthesizing feedforward/state feedback controllers for a broad class of SISO nonlinear systems with measurable disturbances is presented. Depending on the structural characteristics of the system, the control law can be static or dynamic. The closed-loop system is independent of the measurable disturbances and linear with respect to set point changes. The performance of the proposed control scheme is illustrated through an example of composition control in a system of three CSTR's in series.
    Additional Material: 12 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690351004
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    A reaction engineering approach to the problem of concrete carbonation (1989)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 35 (1989), S. 1639-1650 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Steel bars in reinforced concrete are protected from corrosion by the high pH environment of the surrounding concrete. This alkaline environment is destroyed by the reaction of atmospheric CO2 with the Ca(OH)2 of the concrete mass. When this process, called carbonation of concrete, reaches the reinforcing bars, corrosion of the latter may commence. In this paper, the physiochemical processes in this phenomenon are presented and modeled mathematically. The mathematical model is fairly complex, but certain simplifying assumptions are possible, which lead to the formation of a “carbonation front” and to a simple analytical expression for the evolution in time of this front, in terms of the composition parameters of cement and concrete and of the environmental conditions. This simple expression is in very good agreement with experimental results obtained in this and in previous studies. The effect of some parameters on the carbonation front propagation is also discussed.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690351008
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  • 64
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    Parametric analysis of thermal swing cycles for multicomponent adsorption (1989)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 35 (1989), S. 1667-1677 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A study was made of the effect of design and operating parameters on the regeneration of a fixed bed of activated carbon. Two adsorbed species were removed by a hot gas purge, making the study relevant to thermal swing cycles used commercially. The analysis utilized direct experimental results as well as simulated results using a model described earlier by the authors (Huang and Fair, 1988).Regeneration parameters studied were: type of purge gas, purge gas contact time and velocity, regeneration temperature, initial bed loading, and bed pressure. These were related to certain parameters influencing the adsorption step: type of carrier gas, feed concentration, contact time and velocity, pressure, and initial bed temperature. The results are summarized in the form of guidelines for optimal regeneration cycle specification.
    Additional Material: 20 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690351011
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    Mathematical analysis of two-phase flow in low-permeability porous media (1989)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 35 (1989), S. 1710-1718 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A one-dimensional isothermal transient two-phase flow model of gas and liquid in a low-permeability medium has been developed from the general mass and momentum balances.The characteristic roots of the governing differential equations are real and distinct. Therefore, solution of the flow equations may be attempted by a stable initial-value finite-difference scheme. A numerical solution was obtained using the method of lines.Calculated two-phase flow parameters are consistent with expected flow behavior and reflect the sensitivity of fluid flow to porosity, gas and liquid permeability, and capillary pressure in a tight sands porous medium. Calculated gas flow rates compared well with experimental data obtained at the Institute of Gas Technology (IGT) for low-permeability sandstone.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690351016
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  • 66
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    Identification of CaSO4 formed by reaction of CaO and SO2 (1989)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 35 (1989), S. 1739-1741 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690351020
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    Errata (1989)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 35 (1989), S. 1756-1756 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690351025
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  • 68
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    Two-component LDV measurements in a stirred tank (1989)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 35 (1989), S. 1770-1778 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Previous work has shown that in a standard stirred tank, the three-dimensional velocity field in the discharge flow of the stirrer is characterized by a strong deviation from homogeneous isotropic turbulence. By means of a two-component laser Doppler velocimeter (2D-LDV), the \documentclass{article}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$ \overline {v'_r v'_\theta} $\end{document} Reynolds stresses are measured in a 6.3-dm3 standard tank stirred by a six-flat-blade Rushton turbine. Obviously, these stresses must be known to better understand the turbulent mixing in such a configuration. Moreover, the 2D-LDV appears to be an efficient tool for characterizing, from an energy viewpoint, the type of agitator used and, in principle, is confirmed to be useful to accurately obtain the length scales of turbulence which are fundamental parameters for the study of the micromixing processes.
    Additional Material: 13 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690351103
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  • 69
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    An algorithm for simultaneous chemical and phase equilibrium calculation (1989)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 35 (1989), S. 1813-1820 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A new generalized algorithm has been developed for solving simultaneous chemical and phase equilibrium equations of two-phase systems. By rearranging convergence loops of the algorithm of Sanderson and Chien (1973), this new approach shows improved robustness and speed. Solutions to the material balance and chemical equilibrium equations are obtained with an improved Marquardt method (Zhan, 1976). An esterification reaction and dissociation reactions of electrolytes in phase equilibrium are presented as examples.
    Additional Material: 12 Tab.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690351107
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  • 70
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    Axial dispersion in pulsed-, perforated-plate extraction columns (1989)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 35 (1989), S. 1845-1855 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Continuous-phase backmixing coefficients have been determined by continuous tracer injection for pulsed-plate extraction columns of 72-, 152- and 300-mm-diameter. Both single-phase water and two-phase kerosene-water were studied in all three columns, together with four other solvent-water systems in the smallest column; in all cases, water was the continuous phase. Evidence of maldistribution of the phases was obtained in the largest column. The backmixing coefficient was found to increase with column diameter in single-phase operation, but was diameter-independent in the two-phase case. Alternative correlations of the data were based on dimensional analysis and on a physical model, respectively. The influence of different systems was accounted for in the latter in terms of droplet size and terminal velocity, dispersed phase holdup, and density difference. Qualitative color tracer tests on the dispersed phase gave no evidence of backmixing of this phase, although strong forward dispersion was observed in the emulsion regime.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690351111
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  • 71
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    Partitioning of spherical solutes into sponge-type materials (1989)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 35 (1989), S. 1883-1893 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Partition coefficients are computed for hard spherical solutes in equilibrium with sponge-type matrices containing randomly-placed spherical cavities or pores using grand canonical Monte Carlo simulation. The random pore model is representative of a variety of disordered porous solids including porous glasses and some polymeric materials. The algorithm used brings additional realism to the problem by rigorously distinguishing between accessible and inaccessible pore space. The simulation results display significant concentration effects which are often observed experimentally and are compared to data obtained by Brannon and Anderson (1982) for the partitioning of bovine serum albumin into controlled-pore glass.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690351115
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    Cocurrently-cooled fixed-bed reactors: A simple approach to optimal cooling design (1989)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 35 (1989), S. 1899-1902 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690351118
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    Masthead (1989)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 35 (1989) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690351201
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  • 74
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    Control mechanisms of fluidized solids circulation between adjacent vessels (1989)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 35 (1989), S. 1933-1941 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Many industrial proceses require the circulation of particles between reacting fluidized compartments at a stable, but flexible rate, so that the processes can be operated at different solids rates. In order to understand the phenomena involved in the circulation and its control, circulation of sand particles has been studied through a new experimental approach, using an open-loop two compartment circulating system.Experimental results show that the control of the circulation rate depends on three phenomena: the vertical resisting force in the fluidized compartments, the contraction of flow in the communication zone, and the bypass of gas between the compartments. For industrial purposes, the first appears to be predominant in the control of the solids rate. The second ensures neither the strict control of this rate nor the required flexibility. The link between the gas bypass and the circulation phenomena is explained and recommendations for the design and operation of circulating systems are given.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690351204
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  • 75
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    Sequential gas-solid reactions (1989)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 35 (1989), S. 1975-1979 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A model is developed describing consecutive gas-solid reactions occurring in porous media. The model calls for independently measurable parameters and predicts two maxima in the reaction rate at intermediate conversions. The low temperature (350°C) reduction of hematite to iron in a hydrogen-nitrogen atmosphere was used to test the model. The experimental data confirmed the expected rate maxima. The conversion predictions are very close to the data for conversions below 30%, but are systematically somewhat lower than the experimental values for higher levels of conversion. An explanation for the discrepancy is offered in terms of the description of the pore structure.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690351208
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  • 76
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    Closure models for turbulent reacting flows (1989)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 35 (1989), S. 2013-2027 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: In this paper, a simple procedure based on fast and slow reaction asymptotics has been employed to derive first-order closure models for the nonlinear reaction terms in turbulent mass balances from mechanistic models of turbulent mixing and reaction. The coalescence-redispersion (CRD) model, the interaction by exchange with the mean (IEM) model, the three-environment (3E) model, and the four-environment (4E) model have been used to develop closure equations. The closure models have been tested extensively against experimental data for both single and multiple reactions. The closures based on slow asymptotics for the CRD, 3E and 4E models provide very good predictions of all of the experimental data, while other models available either in the literature or derived here are not adequate. The simple new closure equations developed in this paper may be useful in modeling systems involving turbulent mixing and complex chemical reactions.
    Additional Material: 14 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690351212
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    Use of high-gradient magnetic fields for the capture of ferritin (1989)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 35 (1989), S. 2058-2060 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690351220
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    Errata (1989)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 35 (1989), S. 1052-1052 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690350621
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  • 79
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    Deadtime compensation for nonlinear processes (1989)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 35 (1989), S. 1535-1542 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Many industrially important processes feature both nonlinear system dynamics and a process deadtime. Powerful deadtime compensation methods, such as the Smith predictor structure in state space for linear systems is presented first and then directly extended to nonlinear systems. When combined with input/output linearizing state feedback, this Smith-like predictor makes a nonlinear system with deadtime behave like a linear system with deadtime. The control structure is completed by adding an external linear controller, which provides integral action and compensates for the deadtime in the input/output linear system, and an open-loop state observer. Conditions for robust stability with respect to errors in the deadtime and more general linear unstructured multiplicative uncertainties are given. Computer simulations for an example system demonstrate the high controller performance that can be obtained using the proposed method.
    Additional Material: 13 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690350914
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    Diffusion with instantaneous reaction in a drop with continuous-phase resistance (1989)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 35 (1989), S. 1543-1546 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690350915
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    Single droplet mass transfer measurements using an ESCR-scintillation method (1989)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 35 (1989), S. 1376-1379 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690350817
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    Ultrapyrolysis of propane in a spouted-bed reactor with a draft tube (1989)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 35 (1989), S. 1617-1624 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Ultrapyrolysis or ultrarapid pyrolysis is a hydrocarbon thermal cracking process which offers the promise of greater product selectivity, higher yield and feedstock flexibility. In this paper, ultrapyrolysis of propane in a spouted bed with a draft tube was used as a test system to demonstrate these advantages. Experiments, carried out on a 20-cm-diameter pilot-scale reactor, illustrate the spouted bed to be capable of achieving the extremely high reactant heating rates of up to 105 K/s and the short gas residence times of less than 500 ms necessary for this process. Moreover, reactant conversion and product yields can be enhanced by controlling the operating temperature of the bed. In addition, application of the propane pryolysis reaction scheme of Sundaram and Froment into a recently developed computer model indicates the ability to correctly simulate the spouted bed as an ultrapyrolysis reactor.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690351005
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    Tracer experiments and RTD's in heterogeneous reactor analysis and design (1989)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 35 (1989), S. 1651-1658 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: This paper focuses on the problem of scale-up of two-phase (e.g., solid-fluid) reactors. It outlines a class of such reactors which, for first-order reactions, scale in the familiar single-phase manner via an analog of the usual residence time distribution formula. The differences lie in the fact that the appropriate tracer experiment entering the formalism for this reactor class refers to a nonadsorbing tracer, and the analog of the plug flow solution is the solution for a fixed bed with fluid-phase plug flow. Surprisingly, unlike single-phase systems, there exist two-phase reactors, outside of the class defined, that do not scale in this manner, even when, say, the true catalyst surface chemistry is purely first-order. The paper discusses a few examples and implications for the design of two-phase reactors, including fluidized beds.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690351009
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  • 84
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    Suspension-to-Surface heat transfer in a circulating-fluidized-bed combustor (1989)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 35 (1989), S. 1685-1691 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Heat transfer coefficients were measured for ciculating beds of sand particles of mean size 222 to 299 μm at temperatures of 340-880° C. Transfer coefficients were obtained for both a 1.22-m-long, 12.7-mm-OD vertical tube and a 1.59-m-long, 148-mm-wide membrane wall near the top of a 152-mm-square by 7.32-m-tall combustion column. For both surfaces and all temperatures, average heat transfer coefficients increased almost linearly with local suspension density which ranged from 0 to 70 kg/m3. Radiation played a significant role, especially at high temperatures and low suspension densities. Heat transfer coefficients also varied significantly with the lateral position of the tube. The vertical length of heat transfer surface is shown to be an important parameter allowing seemingly discrepant published results to be reconciled.
    Additional Material: 11 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690351013
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  • 85
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    Profile equations for film flows at moderate Reynolds numbers (1989)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 35 (1989), S. 1719-1727 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: An approximate equation for the evolution of finite-amplitude, long disturbances to Newtonian liquid films is found to be accurate over a wide range of Reynolds numbers. A long-wave expansion leads to a film profile equation asymptotically correct when wave number and Reynolds number are small. Solutions of the film profile equation are compared to exact and other approximate solutions of the Navier-Stokes system. An alternative form of the film profile equation results in remarkably accurate solutions, when Reynolds numbers are moderate, in the cases of standing or monotonically decaying waves in horizonatal films, rising film flow, final acceleration of a moving film, and film flow emerging from a slot coater.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690351017
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  • 86
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    Effects of heater and heating methods on pool boiling (1989)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 35 (1989), S. 1742-1744 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690351021
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  • 87
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    Lubricant retention on a spinning disk (1989)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 35 (1989), S. 1753-1756 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690351024
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  • 88
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    Design/optimization of ternary heterogeneous azeotropic distillation sequences (1989)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 35 (1989), S. 1592-1601 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Various strategies for sequencing heterogeneous azeotropic distillations have been explored. The design and optimization of these systems by simulation-based methods is generally acknowledged to be a very difficult problem (Kingsley and Lucia, 1988). In this article, a simple and accurate design and optimization procedure has been developed. The method does not involve any recycle convergence loops and has been applied successfully to several test problems. Unlike the simulation-based methods, our method is robust to changes in the system optimization variables (e.g., reflux ratio in the azeotropic column).In order to demonstrate the method, we present design and optimization results for the dehydration of ethanol using a benzene entrainer. Our optimal designs consume significantly less energy than state-of-the-art designs reported in the literature.
    Additional Material: 16 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690351003
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  • 89
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    Manipulating solids CSD in a supercritical fluid crystallizer: CO2-benzoic acid (1989)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 35 (1989), S. 1625-1630 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The final properties and end use of many organic solids often depends on their crystal-size distribution (CSD), e.g., bioavailability for pharmaceutical solids. The objective of this study was to develop an alternate technology for crystallizing and manipulating size distribution of organic solids by crystallization from supercritical fluids. Such a technology might be superior to conventional-size manipulation techniques, such as milling and recrystallization from organic solvents, which might contaminate the products and affect their physical-chemical stability. Supercritical carbon dioxide was used as solvent to dissolve and then crystallize benzoic acid. A batch crystallizer was constructed and operated in the supercritical region. Seeded and unseeded crystallization experiments were performed. Different depressurization vs. time profiles for the supercritical fluid were used to produce crystals of various sizes.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690351006
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  • 90
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    Turbulence-producing eddies in the viscous wall region (1989)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 35 (1989), S. 1962-1974 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A computer simulation of turbulent flow in a channel is used to detect flow patterns related to the production of Reynolds stress. It is found that quadrant 2 and quadrant 4 events possess a streaky structure in the viscous wall region and that these events can be best understood by examining the velocity field in the y-z plane. Large turbulence production in the viscous wall region is found to occur in updrafts and downdrafts associated with closed eddies. These eddies, on average, have a spanwise dimension of 50 wall units and a streamwise dimension of 400-450 wall units. They are often seen to originate from small attached eddies at the wall.
    Additional Material: 18 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690351207
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  • 91
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    A neural network methodology for process fault diagnosis (1989)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 35 (1989), S. 1993-2002 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The ability of knowledge-based expert systems to facilitate the automation of difficult problems in process engineering that require symbolic reasoning and an efficient manipulation of diverse knowledge has generated considerable interest recently. Rapid deployment of these systems, however, has been difficult because of the tedious nature of knowledge acquisition, the inability of the system to learn or dynamically improve its performance, and the unpredictability of the system outside its domain of expertise.This paper proposes a neural-network-based methodology for providing a potential solution to the preceding problems in the area of process fault diagnosis. The potential of this approach is demonstrated with the aid of an oil refinery case study of the fluidized catalytic cracking process. The neural-network-based system successfully diagnoses the faults it is trained upon. It is able to generalize its knowledge to successfully diagnose novel fault combinations it is not explicitly trained upon. Furthermore, the network can also handle incomplete and uncertain data. In addition, this approach is compared with the knowledge-based approach.
    Additional Material: 12 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690351210
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  • 92
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    A simple method for on-line identification and controller tuning (1989)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 35 (1989), S. 2037-2039 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690351215
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  • 93
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    Electronic Resource
    Diffusivity measurement in calcium alginate gel by holographic interferometry (1989)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 35 (1989), S. 1895-1898 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690351117
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  • 94
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    Electronic Resource
    Virial modeling of gas-solid Joule-Thomson effect for argon-carbon aerosol (1989)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 35 (1989), S. 2029-2032 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690351213
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  • 95
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    Electronic Resource
    Masthead (1989)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 35 (1989) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690350601
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  • 96
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    Controller design for integrating and runaway processes involving time delay (1989)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 35 (1989), S. 923-930 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: This paper presents an efficient method for the design of controllers for integrating and runaway processes. The method is based on model matching in the frequency domain. The presence of open-loop instability as well as pure time delay in the process models make the design task challenging for these classes of processes.The goal is to achieve low-order, easily implementable cascade controllers in a unity-output-feedback configuration. It is shown that the central problem is in the selection of appropriate reference models. Several key constraints are developed which relate a given process model to a class of reference models for achieving total stability. Typical design examples are presented to clearly illustrate the various mathematical techniques.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690350605
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  • 97
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    Desorption processes: Supercritical fluid regeneration of activated carbon (1989)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 35 (1989), S. 951-958 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Models are developed for isothermal desorption in a fixed bed of adsorbent particles. While more general models require numerical solution of the governing equations, two practically important cases have analytical solutions: (1) an equilibrium desorption model where the rate of desorption is controlled by external and intraparticle mass transfer; and (2) a kinetic model where external and intraparticle mass transfer and a first-order irreversible desorption step control the overall process.Recent experimental data (Tan and Liou, 1988) for the desorption of ethyl acetate from activated carbon with supercritical carbon dioxide are found to fit the local-equilibrium model. Data for the effect of temperature on fractions desorbed indicate a reversal of the temperature dependence of the adsorption isotherm as the supercritical pressure is increased. This phenomenon is analogous to the observed cross-over region for the effect of temperature on the solubility of a solid at supercritical conditions.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690350608
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  • 98
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Plasma deposition of silicon nitride films in a radial-flow reactor (1989)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 35 (1989), S. 995-1002 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Experimental data on silicon nitride film growth have been obtained from a radial-flow, plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition reactor. A nonisothermal mathematical model has been developed consisting of Navier-Stokes, energy, and species balance equations taking into account the temperature dependence of physical properties. The model is predictive at various power input levels for film compositions and growth rates.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690350613
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  • 99
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Simple runaway criteria for cooled reactors (1989)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 35 (1989), S. 1039-1043 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690350618
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  • 100
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Diffusion and solid dissolution/precipitation in permeable media (1989)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 35 (1989), S. 1057-1072 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: We have developed an analytical solution which describes mineral zonation caused by diffusion in permeable media. For a semiinfinite domain, the species conservation equations transform into ordinary differential equations that yield a closed-form solution. The solution exhibits shock dissolution/precipitation fronts and gradual (nonshock) precipitation fronts. The solution can exhibit regions (gaps) containing no reactive solids which separate moving dissolution and precipitation fronts. The analysis is, in principle, extendable to include intraaqueous reactions, although the mathematics quickly becomes intractable.Numerical simulation exhibits all of the features of the more restricted analytical solution and is in good agreement with the data on hydroxyapatite dissolution taken by Kim and Cussler (1987).
    Additional Material: 13 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690350702
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