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  • 1985-1989  (8.289)
  • 1945-1949  (1.202)
  • Life and Medical Sciences  (9.491)
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  • 101
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    The molecular structure of adrenal medulla kinesin (1989)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Cell Motility and the Cytoskeleton 12 (1989), S. 264-272 
    Details
    ISSN: 0886-1544
    Schlagwort(e): rotary shadowing ; microtubules ; cytoplasmic movement ; conformation change ; two-headed molecule ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: The molecular structure of bovine adrenal kinesin was studied by electron microscopy using the low-angle rotary shadowing technique. Adrenal kinesin exhibited either a folded or an extended configuration; the ratio of the two is dependent on the salt concentration. Almost all adrenal kinesin molecules were folded in a low-ionic solution, and the ratio of extended molecules increased to 40-50% in a solution containing 1 M ammonium acetate. Kinesin in the extended configuration displayed a rod-shaped structure with a mean length of about 80 nm. The morphologies of the ends were different; one end was composed of two globular particles, similar to the two-headed structure of myosin, while the other end had a more ill-defined structure, appearing either as a globular particle, an aggregate of two to four small granules, or a frayed, fan-like structure. The folded kinesin molecule possessed a hinge region in the middle of the rod, at about 32 nm from the neck of the two heads. In our preparations, the majority of adrenal kinesin molecules were folded at physiological salt concentrations. Adrenal kinesin bound to microtubules in the presence of adenylyl imidodiphosphate (AMP-PNP) also displayed a folded morphology.
    Zusätzliches Material: 7 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cm.970120407
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  • 102
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Masthead (1989)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Cell Motility and the Cytoskeleton 13 (1989) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0886-1544
    Schlagwort(e): Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cm.970130101
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  • 103
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Splitting the ciliary axoneme: Implications for a “Switch-Point” model of dynein arm activity in ciliary motion (1989)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Cell Motility and the Cytoskeleton 14 (1989), S. 345-358 
    Details
    ISSN: 0886-1544
    Schlagwort(e): cell motility ; microtubules ; mussel gill ; ATPase ; electron microscopy ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: In the presence of specific inhibitors of beat, 20 μM VO43- or pCa 4, mussel gill lateral (L) cilia can be arrested in two positions - “hands down” or “hands up” - at opposite ends of the stroke cycle. Cilia move to these positions by doublet microtubule sliding. Axonemes of arrested cilia, still tethered to the cell, are intact after demembranation and protease treatment. When reactivated by 4 mM ATP with inhibitors present, about 40% split apart. Splits are not random but occur preferentially between different specific doublets in the two opposite arrest positions. Several different related patterns of splitting are observed; for every pattern in “hands down” axonemes, there is a corresponding complementary split pattern in “hands up” axonemes. In some split patterns two doublets remain firmly attached to the central pair; these also differ depending on axonemal position. Although some of the patterns seen may be artifactual or difficult to explain, the complementary splitting patterns are predictable with simple assumptions by a “switch point” hypothesis of ciliary activity where, during each recovery stroke, doublets 6-8 have active dynein arms, while during each effective stroke, arms on doublets 1-4 become active, and arms 6-8 are turned off. Because of a difference between the patterns seen and the predictions, the status of the arms on doublet 9 is unresolved. The patterns also suggest that a spokecentral sheath attachment cycle may correlate with switching of arm activity during the generation of an asymmetric beat.
    Zusätzliches Material: 8 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cm.970140305
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  • 104
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Binding of microtubule-associated proteins (MAPs) to rat brain mitochondria: A comparative study of the binding of MAP2, Its microtubule-binding and projection domains, and tau proteins (1989)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Cell Motility and the Cytoskeleton 14 (1989), S. 372-381 
    Details
    ISSN: 0886-1544
    Schlagwort(e): microtubule ; membrane organelle ; cross bridges ; intracellular motion ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Two major brain microtubule-associated proteins (MAPs), MAP2 and tau, were found to be able to bind to purified rat brain mitochondria. The apparent dissociation constants of the binding of thermostable 32P-labeled MAP2 and tau are 0.9 ± 0.04 × 10-7 and 3.8 ± 0.7 × 10-7 M, respectively. 32P-labeled MAP2 and tau bound to the mitochondria can be displaced by phosphorylated, nonradioactive MAP2. The binding parameters of MAP2 prepared without heat treatment and those of the thermostable MAP2 were of the same order of magnitude. Microtubule-binding and projection domains of MAP2 were obtained by chymotryptic digestion of rat brain microtubules (Vallee, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 77:3206-3210, 1980). Displacement studies with these two domains show that MAP2 bound to mitochondria can be displaced by the microtubule-binding domain, whereas the projection domain does not displace MAP2. The two domains of MAP2 bind to the mitochondria with similar affinity constants; however, the Bmax for the projection domain was 10 times and 35 times lower than the Bmax of the binding of the intact MAP2 and the microtubule-binding domain, respectively. Chymotryptic digestion of MAP2 bound to the mitochondria yielded peptide fragments with molecular masses similar to those obtained by the digestion of MAP2 bound to the microtubules. The fragments corresponding to the projection domain were released into the extramitochondrial supernatant, whereas the fragments originating from the microtubule-binding domain remained bound to the mitochondria. These results suggest that MAP2 binds to mitochondria preferentially via its microtubule-binding domain.
    Zusätzliches Material: 6 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cm.970140307
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  • 105
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Relationship between tektins and intermediate filament proteins: An immunological study (1989)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Cell Motility and the Cytoskeleton 14 (1989), S. 359-371 
    Details
    ISSN: 0886-1544
    Schlagwort(e): chymotrypsin digest ; multiple immunoblot ; keratin ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Affinity-purified antibodies raised against three flagellar tektins (tektin A, B, and C) from each of two sea urchin species (Lytechinus pictus and Strongylocentrotus purpuratus) were used to study the immunological relationship between tektins and intermediate filament proteins. By immunofluorescence microscopy, several antitektins revealed a staining of intermediate filament-like arrays in three vertebrate cell lines tested. Immunoelectron microscopy substantiated the cross reaction of antitektins with intermediate filaments. When the cells were treated with cytochalasin B, the arrangement of the filaments recognized by anti-(Lp)-tektin B was altered; the alteration observed is typical for keratin filaments. By immunoblot, it was found that anti-(Lp)-tektin B cross reacted with two isoforms or different proteins of ∼54 kD with pIs of 6.1 and 6.2 in human carcinoma epithelia (HeLa) cells and with two isoforms or different proteins of ∼55 kD with pIs of 6.1 and 6.3 in pig kidney epithelia (LLC-PK1) cells. Furthermore, when antitektin antibodies were affinity purified with the 54 kD HeLa keratin, these keratin-specific antibodies again restained the original tektins on immunoblots. From these observations, it can be concluded that tektins and keratins are to a certain extent immunologically related. To determine the degree of the immunological relationship, tektin filaments and purified intermediate filaments from HeLa cells were cleaved with α-chymotrypsin and examined by quantitative immunoblot analysis. On immunoblots of digested tektins from L. pictus, anti-(Lp)-tektin B recognized several cleavage products in the range of 20 kD to 46 kD. However, when immunoblots of digested intermediate filaments from HeLa cells were probed, the cross reaction of anti-(Lp)-tektin B with HeLa keratins was eliminated by more than 98% within 2 min, suggesting that tektins have epitopes in common with the end domains of certain keratins.
    Zusätzliches Material: 8 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cm.970140306
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  • 106
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Morphology of fibroblasts in collagen gels: A study using 400 keV electron microscopy and computer graphics (1989)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Cell Motility and the Cytoskeleton 14 (1989), S. 382-392 
    Details
    ISSN: 0886-1544
    Schlagwort(e): motility ; cell surface ; cytoskeleton ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: We have used 400 kilovoit intermediate voltage electron microscopy (IVEM) to examine thick sections of fibroblasts cultured in collagen gels. In these 3D collagen lattices, the long, narrow pseudopodial extensions that extend out and make contact with the collagen matrix exhibit a complex topography not seen in the processes put out by cells moving on planar substrata. For this reason, sections 1 to 2 μm thick that enclose a whole cell process are more informative of the overall morphology of the interaction between cells and the collagen than are thin sections. To aid the discrimination of topography of cell processes in stereo views of micrographs, some cells were labeled with antibodies and protein A-colloidal gold conjugates. The gold particles provided clear 3D reference points for computeraided reconstructions of membrane topography from tilt series of IVEM images. Our results confirm that cells that move through collagen lattices lack the wellspread morphology of their counterparts moving on glass. They are generally rather spindly with several long branching anterior pseudopodia. We found that the cell bodies and major pseudopodial processes were cylindrical, as one might expect of cells in a 3D environment, but at the leading edge of advancing pseudopodia there are small flat extensions similar to those seen in cells on glass. This similarity suggests that the lamellipodium is a basic type ofprotrusive structure used by fibroblasts during locomotion on all types of substratum. The flattened shape of lamellipodia may be part of the mechanism by which cells sense the orientation of fibrillar extracellular matrices during embryonic morphogenesis.
    Zusätzliches Material: 8 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cm.970140308
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  • 107
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Establishment of a stable, acetylated microtubule bundle during neuronal commitment (1989)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Cell Motility and the Cytoskeleton 12 (1989), S. 169-180 
    Details
    ISSN: 0886-1544
    Schlagwort(e): microtubules (acetylated) ; neuronal differentiation ; map 2 ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Two posttranslational modifications of alpha-tubulin, acetylation and detyrosination, are associated with stable microtubule (MT) populations, including those of neuronal processes. We have used a pluripotent embryonal carcinoma cell line, P19, to investigate changes in MT isotype and stability found in MT arrays during neurogenesis. This cell line has an advantage in that both commitment- and differentiation-related events can be observed. Uncommitted P19 cells have minimal arrays of acetylated and detyrosinated MTs. Following neuronal induction with retinoic acid (RA), indirect immunofluorescence microscopy shows that the first MT modifications occur during commitment and before any morphological change is observed. RA-induced cells initially polymerize a temporarily enlarged population of MTs. Included in this population is a new array of acetylated MTs arranged in a bundle of parallel MTs. This bundle is colchicine-stable, although no MT-associated proteins (MAPs) are detectable using a battery of anti-MAP antibodies. Observation of MT arrays with patterns that are intermediate between the early bundles and short neurites suggests that the acetylated MT bundle subsequently extends to form a neurite. MAP 2 is first detected at about the time of neurite extension. However, at this early stage of differentiation, MAP 2 is not yet limited to dendritic processes. This report provides the first evidence that the stable MTs of mature neurons may be initiated during neuronal commitment.
    Zusätzliches Material: 8 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cm.970120306
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  • 108
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Functional diversity among spectrin isoforms (1989)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Cell Motility and the Cytoskeleton 12 (1989), S. 225-247 
    Details
    ISSN: 0886-1544
    Schlagwort(e): spectrin ; ankyrin ; protein 4.1 ; membrane skeleton ; spectrin-filament interaction ; fodrin ; adducin ; calpactin I ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: The purpose of this review on spectrin is to examine the functional properties of this ubiquitous family of membrane skeletal proteins. Major topics include spectrin-membrane linkages, spectrin-filament linkages, the subcellular localization of spectrins in various cell types and a discussion of major functional differences between erythroid and nonerythroid spectrins. This includes a summary of studies from our own laboratories on the functional and structural comparison of avian spectrin isoforms which are comprised of a common alpha subunit and a tissue-specific beta subunit. Consequently, the observed differences among these spectrins can be assigned to differences in the properties of the beta subunits.
    Zusätzliches Material: 4 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cm.970120405
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  • 109
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Latrunculins - novel marine macrolides that disrupt microfilament organization and affect cell growth: I. Comparison with cytochalasin D (1989)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Cell Motility and the Cytoskeleton 13 (1989), S. 127-144 
    Details
    ISSN: 0886-1544
    Schlagwort(e): latrunculin A ; latrunculin B ; cell shape ; actin organization ; cell growth and division ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: The latrunculins are architecturally novel marine compounds isolated from the Red Sea sponge Latrunculia magnifica. In vivo, they alter cell shape, disrupt microfilament organization, and inhibit the microfilament-mediated processes of fertilization and early development. In vitro, latrunculin A was recently found to affect the polymerization of pure actin in a manner consistent with the formation of a 1:1 molar complex with G-actin. These in vitro effects as well as previous indications that the latrunculins are more potent than the cytochalasins suggest differences in the in vivo mode of action of the two clases of drugs. To elucidate these differences we have compared the short- and long-term effects of latrunculins on cell shape and actin organization to those of cytochalasin D. Exposure of hamster fibroblast NIL8 cells for 1-3 hr to latrunculin A, latrunculin B, and cytochalasin D causes concentration-dependent changes in cell shape and actin organization. However, the latrunculin-induced changes were strikingly different from those induced by cytochalasin D. Furthermore, while initial effects were manifest with both latrunculin A and cytochalasin D already at concentrations of about 0.03 μg/ml, latrunculin A caused complete rounding up of all cells at 0.2 μg/ml, whereas with cytochalasin D maximum contraction was reached at concentrations 10-20 times higher. The short-term effects of latrunculin B were similar to those of latrunculin A although latrunculin B was slightly less potent. All three drugs inhibited cytokinesis in synchronized cells, but their long-term effects were markedly different. NIL8 cells treated with latrunculin A maintained their altered state for extended periods. In contrast, the effects of cytochalasin D progressed with time in culture, and the latrunculin B-induced changes were transient in the continued presence of the drug. These transient effects were found to be due to a gradual inactivation of latrunculin B by serum and were used to compare recovery patterns of cell shape and actin organization in two different cell lines. This comparison showed that the transient effects of latrunculin B were fully reversible for the NIL8 cells and not for the mouse neuroblastoma N1E-115 cells.
    Zusätzliches Material: 10 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cm.970130302
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  • 110
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    What structures, besides adhesions, prevent spread cells from rounding up? (1989)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Cell Motility and the Cytoskeleton 13 (1989), S. 195-211 
    Details
    ISSN: 0886-1544
    Schlagwort(e): cell shape ; cortical actin ; stress fibers ; microfilament bundles ; cell adhesion ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: The outline of cells in sparse cultures consists prediminantly of concave and convex segments; straight segments are rare and ephemeral. The convex segments are areas of active cell expansion. The concave segments are stationary and web-shaped, similar in profile to the cables of a suspension bridge. In 3T3 fibroblasts, we have found a single microfilament bundle following the outline of every webbed edge and have called it the actin edge-bundle (AEB). While the AEB is composed predominantly of actin, α-actinin and myosin are also present. In contrast to normal stress fibers, AEBs are more resistant to several treatments that depolymerize F-actin. Once an AEB disassembles, however, the webbed edge collapses and retracts, suggesting that the actin edge-bundle is a specialized cytoskeletal structure that supports the webbed edges of interphase 3T3 fibroblasts. The stability of AEBs is independent of microtubules. We suggest that the microfilament bundles that frequently line the lateral contacts between epithelial cells in vivo may be related to the actin edge-bundle.
    Zusätzliches Material: 12 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cm.970130307
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  • 111
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Long-term observation of cultured cells by interference-reflection microscopy: Near-infrared illumination and Y-contrast image processing (1989)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Cell Motility and the Cytoskeleton 13 (1989), S. 94-103 
    Details
    ISSN: 0886-1544
    Schlagwort(e): cell adhesion ; cell motility ; near infrared light ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Interference-reflection microscopy (IRM) is the only method presently available with which to visualize cell-substratum adhesions in living tissue culture cells continuously for long periods of time without the use of fluorescent markers (Curtis: J. Cell Biol. 20:199-215, 1964; Izzard and Lochner: J. Cell Sci. 21:129-159, 1976). This method utilizes approximately 1% of the incident illumination to produce the IRM image (Verschueren: J. Cell Sci. 75:279-301, 1985) and so far has required the use of high-intensity light sources in the visible spectral range (400-800 nm). Unfortunately, visible light of this intensity and spectral range induces marked changes in the behavior and morphology of motile fibroblasts, including cessation of locomotion. In contrast, the present paper reports that continuous observations of live cells in IRM for periods of up to 8 hours are possible if the illuminating light is in the red to near-infrared range (650-950 nm) and without any observable change in normal cell morphology or behavior. In addition, we describe how the technique of Y-contrast image processing can be applied to IRM images to create a three-dimensional image of the ventral cell surface topography.
    Zusätzliches Material: 9 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cm.970130204
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  • 112
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Masthead (1989)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Cell Motility and the Cytoskeleton 13 (1989) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0886-1544
    Schlagwort(e): Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cm.970130401
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  • 113
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Genetic interactions of mutations affecting flagella and basal bodles in Chlamydomonas (1989)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Cell Motility and the Cytoskeleton 14 (1989), S. 104-117 
    Details
    ISSN: 0886-1544
    Schlagwort(e): Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Zusätzliches Material: 5 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cm.970140120
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  • 114
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Antisense “Pseudogenetics” (1989)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Cell Motility and the Cytoskeleton 14 (1989), S. 81-91 
    Details
    ISSN: 0886-1544
    Schlagwort(e): Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Zusätzliches Material: 4 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cm.970140117
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  • 115
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    What are some of the best organisms for developmental genetics? How can the study of genetic interactions help us to understand the function of complex macromolecular assemblies? How can a single mutation be used as a probe to identify other genes that are involved in the production of interacting gene products? (1989)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Cell Motility and the Cytoskeleton 14 (1989), S. 103-103 
    Details
    ISSN: 0886-1544
    Schlagwort(e): Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cm.970140119
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  • 116
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Microinjection into Acanthamoeba castellanii of monoclonal antibodies to myosin-II slows but does not stop cell locomotion (1989)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Cell Motility and the Cytoskeleton 12 (1989), S. 42-52 
    Details
    ISSN: 0886-1544
    Schlagwort(e): amoeboid movement ; endocytosis ; cation composition ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: To study the in vivo role of myosin-II in Acanthamoeba castellanii, motile cells were microinjected with monoclonal antibodies raised against the myosin-II heavy chain. All injected cells underwent a transient shock response. It was found that although injection of buffer alone or of an endogenous Acanthamoeba protein decreased the motility of injected cells from 7 μm/min to ∼3 μm/min, injection of monoclonal antibodies specific for myosin-II decreased motility further to ∼0.8 μm/min. This effect was seen whether or not the monoclonal antibody to myosin-II inhibited the actomyosin-II MgATPase activity in vitro. Levels of antibody far in excess of endogenous myosin-II concentrations could not completely block amoeboid movement. The morphology of moving antimyosin-II-injected cells was unusual, suggesting a greater defect in the ability to retract the trailing edge of the cell rather than to extend the leading edge. Endosomes frequently disappeared from injected cells, and although buffer-injected cells rapidly recovered visible endosomes (50% recovery at 5 min), endosomes were not seen in antimyosin-II-injected cells until, on the average, ∼50 min after injection. Injection of a nonspecific antibody or of a nonspecific exogenous protein (ovalbumin) also decreased the mobility of the injected cells beyond that of buffer-injected cells (to ∼1 μm/min). These cells tended to recover endosomes more rapidly (∼25 min) than cells injected with antimyosin-II monoclonal antibodies. The inability of antibodies to myosin-II to inhibit completely any of the movements studied suggests that although myosin-II probably plays a role in these motilities, the cell either routinely uses or can draw upon another cytoplasmic motor to maintain locomotion, organelle movement, contractile vacuole activity, and endocytosis.
    Zusätzliches Material: 5 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cm.970120106
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  • 117
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Control of reactivation and microtubule sliding by calcium, strontium, and barium in detergent-extracted macrocilia of Beroë (1989)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Cell Motility and the Cytoskeleton 12 (1989), S. 104-112 
    Details
    ISSN: 0886-1544
    Schlagwort(e): Ca2+ control ; Beroë macrocilia ; sliding disruption ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Macrocilia of the ctenophore Beroë are activated to beat continuously in the normal direction by membrane-mediated Ca2+ influx (Tamm: Journal of Comparative Physiology [A] 163:23-31, 1988a). Using saponin or Brij-58 permeabilized models of macrocilia, we show that ATP-reactivation of beating requires μM levels of free Ca2+, Ba2+, or Sr2+. Isolated macrocilia beat initially in reactivation solution (RS) containing Ca2+, Ba2+, or Sr2+ and then undergo microtubule sliding disintegration without added proteases. Addition of protease inhibitors to RS + 10-5 M Ca2+ prevents sliding disruption. Pretreatment in wash solution (containing 1 mM EGTA) without protease inhibitors, followed by RS + 10-5 M Ca2+ with protease inhibitors results in extensive sliding disintegration. However, treatment in wash solution followed by RS + protease inhibitors does not induce sliding. Therefore, Ca2+ is not required for proteolysis by endogenous proteases, but is necessary for sliding disintegration.Local iontophoretic application of Ca2+, Ba2+, or Sr2+ to permeabilized macrocilia in RS lacking these cations triggers motility and/or sliding disintegration. Extrusion of microtubules occurs from the tip or the base, depending on whether or not the macrocilium remains attached to its large actin bundle. Thin sheets of microtubules telescope out initially, due to synchronized sliding of subsets of doublet microtubules from parallel rows of axonemes.Macrocilia are one of the first examples of ATP-induced microtubule sliding which retains Ca2+ sensitivity. In addition, the finding that Ba2+ and Sr2+ also trigger active sliding provides an additional method for investigating the control of dynein-powered microtubule movements.
    Zusätzliches Material: 4 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cm.970120205
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  • 118
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Acetylated α-tubulin in spermatogenic cells of the crane fly Nephrotoma suturalis: Kinetochore microtubules are selectively acetylated (1989)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Cell Motility and the Cytoskeleton 14 (1989), S. 237-250 
    Details
    ISSN: 0886-1544
    Schlagwort(e): mitosis ; spindle fibers ; cytoskeleton ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: We studied the distribution of acetylated α-tubulin in the microtubules of spermatogenic cells from the crane fly Nephrotoma suturalis (Loew) using a mono-clonal antibody specific for acetylated α-tubulin (6-11B-1). We found that cells in all stages of spermatogenesis contained acetylated microtubules including primary spermatocytes, meiotic cells, spermatids, and sperm. A subset of the acety-lated microtubules (those in midbodies and flagella) were resistant to cold depolymerization. Newly polymerized microtubules in nondividing cells were not acetylated for up to 15 min. indicating that acetylation lagged behind polymerization. In spindles, newly polymerized microtubules were acetylated after 5 min. Antibodies to acetylated α-tubulin selectively stained chromosome-to-pole fibers in dividing cells, but the staining appeared to decrease and taper of at the kinetochores. This observation supports the hypothesis that tubulin subunits add at the kinetochore in metaphase and that acetylation occurs subsequent to addition. Further, this taper may be useful as a marker in anaphase, to distinguish between different hypotheses of chromosome motion.
    Zusätzliches Material: 6 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cm.970140210
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  • 119
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Contributions of the β-subunit to spectrin structure and function (1989)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Cell Motility and the Cytoskeleton 12 (1989), S. 248-263 
    Details
    ISSN: 0886-1544
    Schlagwort(e): ankyrin ; adducin ; protein 4.1 ; correlation length ; flexural rigidity ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: The three avian spectrins that have been characterized consist of a common α-subunit (240 kD) paired with an isoform-specific β-subunit from either erythrocyte (220 or 230 kD), brain (235 kD), or intestinal brush border (260 kD). Analysis of avian spectrins, with their naturally occurring “subunit replacement” has proved useful in assessing the relative contribution of each subunit to spectrin function. In this study we have completed a survey of avian spectrin binding properties and present morphometric analysis of the relative flexibility and linearity of various avian and human spectrin isoforms. Evidence is presented that, like its mammalian counterpart, avian brain spectrin binds human erythroid ankyrin with low affinity. Cosedimentation analysis demonstrates that (1) avian erythroid protein 4.1 stimulates spectrin-actin binding of both mammalian and avian erythrocyte and brain spectrins, but not the TW 260/240 isoform, (2) calpactin I does not potentiate actin binding of either TW 260/240 or brain spectrin, and (3) erythrocyte adducin does not stimulate the interaction of TW 260/240 with actin.In addition, a morphometric analysis of rotary-shadow images of spectrin isoforms, individual subunits, and reconstituted complexes from isolated subunits was performed. This analysis revealed that the overall flexibility and linearity of a given spectrin heterodimer and tetramer is largely determined by the intrinsic rigidity and linearity of its β-spectrin subunit. No additional rigidity appears to be imparted by noncovalent associations between the subunits. The scaled flexural rigidity of the most rigid spectrin analyzed (human brain) is similar to that reported for F-actin.
    Zusätzliches Material: 9 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cm.970120406
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  • 120
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Rearrangements of pterinosomes and cytoskeleton accompanying pigment dispersion in goldfish xanthophores (1989)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Cell Motility and the Cytoskeleton 13 (1989), S. 9-20 
    Details
    ISSN: 0886-1544
    Schlagwort(e): carotenoid droplet ; intermediate filament ; microfilament ; microtubule ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: The cytoskeleton of goldfish xanthophores contains an abundance of unique dense structures (400 nm in diameter) that are absent in goldfish nonpigment cells and are probably remnants of pterinosomes. No major difference in protein composition between xanthophores and nonpigment cells (without these structures) was found that could account for these structures. In xanthophores, these structures are foci of radiating filaments. The addition or withdrawal of ACTH causes a radical rearrangement of the xanthophore Cytoskeleton accompanying redistribution of carotenoid droplets, namely, the virtual exclusion of these dense bodies with associated filaments from the space occupied by the carotenoid droplet aggregate vs. a relatively even cytoplasmic distribution of these structures when the carotenoid droplets are dispersed. These changes in cytoskeletal morphology are not accompanied by any major changes in the protein or phosphoprotein composition of the cytoskeleton.
    Zusätzliches Material: 8 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cm.970130103
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  • 121
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Evidence that intermediate-like filaments are found in the micronucleus of Paramecium bursaria during prophase (1989)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Cell Motility and the Cytoskeleton 13 (1989), S. 30-40 
    Details
    ISSN: 0886-1544
    Schlagwort(e): microtubules ; chromosome movement ; Paramecium ; nuclear lamina ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: The micronuclear spindle apparatus in Paramecium bursaria was studied by electron microscopy during prophase, metaphase, and anaphase of the first meiotic division. During prophase, the spindle apparatus consists mostly of intermediate-like filaments, relatively few spindle microtubules, and unique cone-shaped structures termed microlamellae. Microlamellae join the ends of chromosomes to the fibrous elements of the spindle. The capacity to preserve the intermediate-like filaments is largely dependent upon the use of collidine buffer during fixation. In contrast, during metaphase and anaphase, microtubules are the dominant fibrous element of the spindle. The microtubules interact with chromosomes during these phases by joining to true kinetochores. Neither treatment with cytochalasin B or fixation with a low concentration of osmium tetroxide affects the development of intermediate filaments during prophase. Because intermediate-like filaments are abundant during prophase and microtubules are more common during metaphase and anaphase, the structural differences may reflect differences in the mechanisms for chromosome movement.
    Zusätzliches Material: 12 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cm.970130105
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  • 122
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Masthead (1989)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Cell Motility and the Cytoskeleton 13 (1989) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0886-1544
    Schlagwort(e): Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cm.970130201
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  • 123
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    cAMP-independent and cAMP-dependent protein phosphorylations by isolated goldfish xanthophore cytoskeletons: Evidence for the association of cytoskeleton with a carotenoid droplet protein (1989)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Cell Motility and the Cytoskeleton 13 (1989), S. 21-29 
    Details
    ISSN: 0886-1544
    Schlagwort(e): kinases ; microtubules ; organelle protein ; pigment aggregate ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Triton-insoluble cytoskeleton of nonpigment cells has bound protein kinase that phosphorylates, with or without added cAMP, tubulins and the intermediate filament proteins p60, p56, p53, and p45a to give multiple charge variants. In the absence of 8-Br-cAMP, Triton-insoluble cytoskeletons from xanthophores also phosphorylate p60, p56, and p45a, but not p53; tubulin phosphorylation may also be reduced. In the presence of 8-Br-cAMP, p53, as well as several other peptides, are phosphorylated. One of these latter peptides was identified as the carotenoid droplet (pigment organelle) protein p57, whose phosphorylation and dephosphorylation precede pigment dispersion and aggregation respectively (Lynch et al.: J. Biol. Chem. 261:4204-4211, 1986). The amount of pp57 produced depends on the state of pigment distribution in the xanthophores used to prepare the cytoskeletons for labeling. With cytoskeletons from xanthophores with aggregated pigment, pp57 is a major labeled phosphoprotein seen in two-dimensional gels. With cytoskeletons prepared from xanthophores with dispersed pigment, the yield of labeled pp57 is greatly reduced (by at least 90%). Together with earlier results, we propose that, in the aggregated state, p57 serves to bind carotenoid droplets to the cytoskeletons, most likely the microtubules. The significance of other cAMP-dependent phosphorylation reactions is unknown but may be related to cAMP-induced cytoskeleton rearrangement in intact xanthophores.
    Zusätzliches Material: 5 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cm.970130104
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  • 124
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Acrylamide sensitization of the heat response of the cytoskeleton and cytotoxicity in attaching and well-spread synchronous chinese hamster ovary cells (1989)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Cell Motility and the Cytoskeleton 13 (1989), S. 67-82 
    Details
    ISSN: 0886-1544
    Schlagwort(e): cytoskeletal arrays ; heat shock ; synchronous CHO cells ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: The vimentin intermediate filament (VIMF) network is more sensitive to heat-induced disruption than either the microtubule (MT) or microfilament (MF) cytoskeletal (CSK) arrays in G1 Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells (Coss and Wachsberger: Radiation Research, 1987). We therefore investigated the effect of the VIMF disruptive agent, acrylamide (Eckert: European Journal of Cell Biology 37:169-174, 1985), on the heat response of synchronous CHO cells. Cells, either in the process of spreading (G1 or S phase) or in the well-spread state (S phase), were exposed to a nontoxic concentration of 5 mM acrylamide, heated, and processed for immunofluorescence microscopy 30 min or 20 hr following the heat shock. Recovery from CSK disruption was related to cell survival.CHO cells, either in the process of spreading or in the well-spread state, were sensitized to heat-induced CSK disruption and cytotoxicity by acrylamide. Recovery from CSK disruption correlated with surviving fractions of cells treated in the G1 phase but not with surviving fractions of cells treated in the S phase and was independent of the degree of cell spreading. This correlation suggests that damage to CSK structures may contribute to the death of cells treated in G1 but not necessarily to the death of cells treated in S phase.The degree of acrylamide sensitization of heat-induced CSK disruption was greater for cells exposed to acrylamide prior to spreading than for well-spread cells. Furthermore, normal spreading of cells was prevented when they were plated into medium containing acrylamide, suggesting that acrylamide interferes with the initial stages of attachment and spreading of these cells. These observations are interpreted in relation to the possible role that VIMFs, together with cortical MFs, may play in mediating cell surface focal contacts in the initial stages of cell attachment and spreading.
    Zusätzliches Material: 6 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cm.970130202
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  • 125
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Cytoskeletal organization of migrating retinal pigment epithelial cells during wound healing in organ culture (1989)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Cell Motility and the Cytoskeleton 13 (1989), S. 83-93 
    Details
    ISSN: 0886-1544
    Schlagwort(e): retinal pigment epithelium ; cytoskeleton ; focal contacts ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells maintained in organ culture on Bruch's membrane and the associated choroid spread and migrate into a linear wound along the exposed basal lamina. Changes in cell shape, in the organization of microfilaments, and in cell-cell and cell-substratum interactions during this time were examined by epifluorescence and transmission electron microscopy. In contrast to cuboidal stationary cells distant from the wound edge, which display well-developed apical circumferential microfilament bundles (CMBs) associated with zonulae adhaerentes junctions, the migrating RPE cells near the wound edge instead are flat, and, in addition to microfilament bundles near junctions between adjacent cells, display prominent stress fibers. Furthermore, monoclonal antibodies to vinculin labeled regions at the terminal ends of these stress fibers indicating that the RPE cells form focal contacts with the basal lamina at these sites. Electron microscopy of these regions of cell-substratum interaction confirmed the presence of microfilament bundles that terminate on the cell membrane. Folds present in the basal lamina near these sites suggest that tension is being generated by the microfilaments in the stress fibers as the migrating cells pull on the underlying basal lamina through these adhesion points.
    Zusätzliches Material: 7 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cm.970130203
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  • 126
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Distribution of desmoplakin in normal cultured human keratinocytes and in basal cell carcinoma cells (1989)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Cell Motility and the Cytoskeleton 13 (1989), S. 181-194 
    Details
    ISSN: 0886-1544
    Schlagwort(e): desmosomes ; keratinocytes ; tumor cells ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: In cultured human keratinocytes (NHEK) maintained in medium containing low levels of Ca2+ (0.04 mM) desmoplakin is a component of certain electron-dense bodies in the cytoplasm. These bodies are associated with bundles of intermediate filaments. Upon elevation of the level of Ca2+ in the culture medium to 1.2 mM, desmoplakin first appears at sites of cell - cell contact in association with bundles of intermediate filaments. Subsequently, desmoplakin becomes incorporated into desmosomes in a manner comparable to that seen in mouse keratinocytes (Jones and Goldman: Journal of Cell Biology 101:506-517, 1985). NHEK cells maintained for 24 hr at Ca2+ concentrations between 0.04 mM and 0.18 mM were processed for immunofluorescence, immunoelectron, and conventional electron microscopical analysis. In NHEK cells grown at Ca2+ concentrations of 0.11 mM, desmoplakin appears to be localized in electron-dense bodies associated with intermediate filaments at sites of cell - cell contact in the absence of formed desmosomes. At a Ca2+ concentration of 0.13 mM desmoplakin is arrayed like beads on a “string” of intermediate filaments at areas of cell - cell association. At 0.15 mM, desmosome formation occurs, and desmoplakin is associated with the desmosomal plaque. In basal cell carcinoma cells desmoplakin is not restricted to desmosomes but also occurs in certain electron-dense bodies morphologically similar to those seen in NHEK maintained in low levels of Ca2+ and during early stages of desmosome assembly. We discuss the possibility of “cycling” of desmoplakin through these bodies in proliferative cells.
    Zusätzliches Material: 9 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cm.970130306
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  • 127
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Analysis of muscle-specific gene expression by germ line transformation approaches (1989)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Cell Motility and the Cytoskeleton 14 (1989), S. 156-162 
    Details
    ISSN: 0886-1544
    Schlagwort(e): Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Zusätzliches Material: 2 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cm.970140126
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  • 128
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    What are the best host cells for expression of functional proteins for in vitro analysis? What are the vectors of choice for expression? What can we learn from site-specific mutagenesis coupled to in vitro studies on expressed proteins? (1989)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Cell Motility and the Cytoskeleton 14 (1989), S. 2-2 
    Details
    ISSN: 0886-1544
    Schlagwort(e): Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cm.970140103
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  • 129
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    How effective is antisense pseudogenetics as a method to eliminate a specific gene product from a cell? What are the advantages and disadvantages of this approach compared to gene targeting? (1989)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Cell Motility and the Cytoskeleton 14 (1989), S. 80-80 
    Details
    ISSN: 0886-1544
    Schlagwort(e): Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cm.970140116
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  • 130
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Mediastinal bronchogenic cyst from azygos lobe formation (1989)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Clinical Anatomy 2 (1989), S. 35-42 
    Details
    ISSN: 0897-3806
    Schlagwort(e): bronchopulmonary malformations ; lung anomalies ; sequestration ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Miscellaneous Medical
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: A large unilocular multilobate bronchogenic cyst was found in the right superior mediastinum of a 93-year-old female anatomic cadaver. By reason of its location, shape, and serous membrane (pleural) coverings, it appeared to have been formed from a sequestered azygos lobe which slowly acquired alternate sources of vascu-larization through adhesion to pericardial vessels and the arch of the azygos vein. It is postulated here that the relatively rudimentary organization of this cyst did not reflect a primitive stage of origin but was indicative of a plasticity in developing lung tissue that permitted a regression from a more advanced stage of morphogenesis when subjected to spatial restrictions; a process well demonstrated in a cited animal model. Thus, this case may illustrate that mediastinal bronchogenic cysts are not necessarily derivatives of the very early foregut components as previously proposed.
    Zusätzliches Material: 5 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ca.980020106
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  • 131
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Sex differences in the morphology of the auricular surfaces of the human sacroiliac joint (1989)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Clinical Anatomy 2 (1989), S. 63-67 
    Details
    ISSN: 0897-3806
    Schlagwort(e): osteology ; sacrum ; ilium ; human ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Miscellaneous Medical
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: To investigate sex differences in the morphology of the auricular surfaces of the human sacroiliac joint, 153 dried bone sets of unknown ages, and of Indian origin were studied, and various measurements were made of the corresponding iliac and sacral auricular surfaces. Some significant differences. The sacral and iliac auricular surfaces was larger and longer in males. The most prominent point on the ventral border of the iliac auricular surface was situated more caudally in females. The iliac angle was larger in males. The deepest point of the dorsal border of the iliac auricular surface was more caudal in females.
    Zusätzliches Material: 1 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ca.980020203
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  • 132
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Variations in the facial muscles at the angle of the mouth (1989)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Clinical Anatomy 2 (1989), S. 129-134 
    Details
    ISSN: 0897-3806
    Schlagwort(e): human gross anatomy ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Miscellaneous Medical
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: The Latin term modiolus literally means “the nave of a wheel” and in dentistry refers to the point lateral to the angle of the mouth where several facial muscles converge. It has been described as coinciding with a muscular or tendinous node in the cheek and is considered to be important clinically. The facial muscles that insert in the vicinity of the mouth angle are the levator anguli oris, zygomaticus major, risorius, buccinator, and depressor anguli oris. The arrangement of these muscles in relation to the angle of the mouth was studied in 147 cadavers (279 sides) of the Mongoloid (Japanese) and Caucasian races. Considerable variation in the pattern of convergence was found. The variations were classified into three types as follows. Type A: location of the muscle convergence was lateral to the angle of the mouth. Type B: convergent area was located above the angle. Type C: convergent area was located below the angle. When the two races were considered together type C occurred most frequently (42.3%) followed closely by type B (41.2%). The arrangement described in textbooks (type A) occurred least frequently (16.5%). The frequency of appearance of convergent types according to race also is given. The gross observations do not support the existence of a nodular modiolus. In addition, the muscles that are supposed to contribute to the nodule usually do not converge lateral to the mouth angle but rather converge either above or below the angle.
    Zusätzliches Material: 3 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ca.980020302
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  • 133
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Clinical presentation of a persistent jugulocephalic vein (1989)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Clinical Anatomy 2 (1989), S. 167-173 
    Details
    ISSN: 0897-3806
    Schlagwort(e): venous congenital anomaly ; head and neck ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Miscellaneous Medical
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: The clinical history is presented of a 46-year-old woman with a permanently distended left external jugular vein which passed anterior to the clavicle instead of entering the subclavian vein just superior to the clavicle in the usual manner. For cosmetic reasons the vein was excised. Embryologically, the vein passing anterior to the clavicle was a persistent jugulocephalic vein. This is a normal venous channel which usually disappears after an anastomosis develops between the cephalic vein and the subclavian vein, inferior to the clavicle.
    Zusätzliches Material: 12 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ca.980020306
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  • 134
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Catecholaminergic and peptidergic nerves in naturally occurring and pheochromocytoma-associated human brown adipose tissue (1989)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Clinical Anatomy 2 (1989), S. 157-166 
    Details
    ISSN: 0897-3806
    Schlagwort(e): human brown fat ; natural phaeochromocytoma-associated innervations ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Miscellaneous Medical
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Noradrenergic and peptidergic innervations in naturally occurring and pheochromocytoma-associated human perirenal brown adipose tissue were demonstrated. The presence of both parenchymal and periarterial noradrenergic nerve plexuses was revealed by the sucrose-potassium-glyoxylic-acid (SPG) technique in all tissue samples. Immunohistochemical studies also indicated the presence of neuropeptide Y-like, calcitonin gene-related peptidelike, substance P-like, and bombesinlike immunoreactive nerves in the adventitia of both inter- and intralobular arteries. At a more peripheral level, only neuropeptide Y-like immunoreactive elements were observed in the parenchymal field. No somatostatinlike or enkephalinlike immunoreactivity was detected. The specific distributions of noradrenergic and peptidergic nerves were similar in both naturally occurring and pheochromocytoma-associated brown adipose tissue. Thus these findings indicate a plurality of innervation in human perirenal brown fat.
    Zusätzliches Material: 9 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ca.980020305
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  • 135
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Notices (1989)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Clinical Anatomy 2 (1989), S. 203-204 
    Details
    ISSN: 0897-3806
    Schlagwort(e): Life and Medical Sciences ; Miscellaneous Medical
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ca.980020309
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  • 136
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Ultrastructural study on endothelial cells in splenic autotransplantation (1989)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Clinical Anatomy 2 (1989), S. 175-196 
    Details
    ISSN: 0897-3806
    Schlagwort(e): spleen ; angiogenesis ; ultrastructure ; rat ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Miscellaneous Medical
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: The splenic tissue of the rat was autotransplanted into the greater omentum to investigate the angiogenic process during splenic regeneration. Chronological observations showed the following two stages. Initially surviving subcapsular sinus endothelial cells migrated to form a preliminary vascular network, which anastomosed with ingrowing omental capillaries to form a circulatory system. In this way, splenic autotransplants would not undergo necrosis and would rapidly form endothelial and reticular cells. At a later stage, the preliminary vascular network differentiated into arteries (arterioles, capillaries), splenic sinuses, and veins. Marked morphologic changes occurred in the endothelial cells, such as vacuole formation, fenestration, and the condensation of intraendothelial microfilaments, resulting in interendothelial slits. These results showed that the formation of a preliminary vascular network caused distinct splenic regeneration and that splenic autotransplantation is a suitable model to study angiogenesis in vivo.
    Zusätzliches Material: 13 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ca.980020307
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  • 137
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Masthead (1989)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Clinical Anatomy 2 (1989) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0897-3806
    Schlagwort(e): Life and Medical Sciences ; Miscellaneous Medical
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ca.980020401
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  • 138
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Optic strut: Posterior root of sphenoid (1989)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Clinical Anatomy 2 (1989), S. 87-92 
    Details
    ISSN: 0897-3806
    Schlagwort(e): cavernous sinus ; orbit ; surgical boundaries ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Miscellaneous Medical
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: The optic strut, the term used by radiologists and neurosurgeons, or the posterior root of the sphenoid bone, as described in anatomy texts, receives only passing notice of its existence. Yet an increasing number of operations involving the anterior portion of the cavernous sinus and the posterior orbit involve an approach via the optic strut. For these reasons the dimensions and shapes of this small structure deserve detailed consideration.
    Zusätzliches Material: 4 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ca.980020205
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  • 139
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Clinical anatomy of the peritoneal mesothelium: A review (1989)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Clinical Anatomy 2 (1989), S. 69-85 
    Details
    ISSN: 0897-3806
    Schlagwort(e): peritoneum ; active membrane ; healing ; secretion ; clinical uses ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Miscellaneous Medical
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: This paper reviews the structure, function, and clinical significance of peritoneal mesothelium, once thought to be a passive membrane, but now known to play an active role in exchanges between the peritoneal cavity and the blood. The advent of continuous ambulatory peritoneal analysis (CAPD) has revived interest in the peritoneum, whose ultrastructure is much changed by CAPD.Studies of the healing of mesothelium have shown that the new mesothelium develops from subperitoneal perivascular connective tissue cells, and not by a process of centripetal growth from the wound margins as in the healing of other epithelial surfaces.Peritoneal mesothelial cells possess fibrinolytic properties, which may be important in preventing fibrinous adhesions from being converted to permanent fibrous adhesions, which may cause intestinal obstruction. Mesothelium also produces prostacyclin. These properties have led to the use of mesothelium as a substitute for endothelium, both for coating prosthetic vascular grafts, and also in peritoneal tube grafts for replacing segments of vein. The resurgence of interest in the peritoneal mesothelium provides a stimulus for clinician and anatomist to cooperate in further exploration of its clinical potential.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ca.980020204
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  • 140
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    “Aids to anatomy” by S. Paterson-Brown and R. Eckersley. Edinburgh, London, Melbourne and New York: Churchill Livingstone (1989)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Clinical Anatomy 2 (1989), S. 115-115 
    Details
    ISSN: 0897-3806
    Schlagwort(e): Life and Medical Sciences ; Miscellaneous Medical
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ca.980020208
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  • 141
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    “Anatomy charts. Lower limb set (Wolfe Medical Publications).” McMinn, Hutchings & Logan. £20 (1989)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Clinical Anatomy 2 (1989), S. 116-116 
    Details
    ISSN: 0897-3806
    Schlagwort(e): Life and Medical Sciences ; Miscellaneous Medical
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ca.980020209
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  • 142
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    The transverse cervical artery: New origins and pathways (1989)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Clinical Anatomy 2 (1989), S. 93-102 
    Details
    ISSN: 0897-3806
    Schlagwort(e): subclavian artery ; thyrocervical trunk ; scalenus anterior muscle ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Miscellaneous Medical
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Most areas of the body demonstrate variations in vascular pattern with regard to origin, course, and distribution. Vascular damage is especially likely if an unexpected vascular pattern occurs in a common surgical site. The supra-clavicular region is one such site: the many types of operative procedures performed here provide ample opportunity for inadvertent discovery of such variations. Standard textbook descriptions of the subclavian artery and its proximal branches and their relationships are usually sufficient to inform the surgeon of the predominate patterns, but leave him ill-prepared for encounters with less common varieties. Previous studies, some extensive, have detailed many of these variations, but emphasis has been placed on the vascular configurations themselves, rather than on their clinical significance. The present study first reviews the common patterns and then outlines several heretofore undescribed variations in the thyrocervical trunk-transverse cervical artery complex encountered in 74 unilateral and 38 bilateral neck-shoulder specimens. Specific reference is made regarding their discovery during surgical procedures.
    Zusätzliches Material: 4 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ca.980020206
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  • 143
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Presented at the annual general meeting of the British Association of Clinical Anatomists, January 9, 1989, University College, London U.K. (1989)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Clinical Anatomy 2 (1989), S. 119-124 
    Details
    ISSN: 0897-3806
    Schlagwort(e): Life and Medical Sciences ; Miscellaneous Medical
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ca.980020211
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  • 144
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    “The arterial anatomy of skin flaps” by George C. Cormack and B. George H. Lamberty. First edition. Edinburgh, London, Melbourne and New York: Churchill Livingstone, 1986. £125 (1989)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Clinical Anatomy 2 (1989), S. 117-118 
    Details
    ISSN: 0897-3806
    Schlagwort(e): Life and Medical Sciences ; Miscellaneous Medical
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ca.980020210
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  • 145
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Notices (1989)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Clinical Anatomy 2 (1989), S. 125-125 
    Details
    ISSN: 0897-3806
    Schlagwort(e): Life and Medical Sciences ; Miscellaneous Medical
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ca.980020212
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  • 146
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Masthead (1989)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Clinical Anatomy 2 (1989) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0897-3806
    Schlagwort(e): Life and Medical Sciences ; Miscellaneous Medical
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ca.980020301
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  • 147
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Masthead (1989)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Clinical Anatomy 2 (1989) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0897-3806
    Schlagwort(e): Life and Medical Sciences ; Miscellaneous Medical
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ca.980020101
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  • 148
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Ruptures of the anulus fibrosus of cervical intervertebral discs studied by cryomicrotomy and magnetic resonance (1989)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Clinical Anatomy 2 (1989), S. 1-8 
    Details
    ISSN: 0897-3806
    Schlagwort(e): cervical spine ; anular tears ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Miscellaneous Medical
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Degeneration of the anulus fibrosus in the cervical region has not been studied as systematically as in the lumbar intervertebral discs. We used cryomicrotomy and magnetic resonance (MR) to study the cervical discs in 18 cadavers. Three types of anular tears were identified: (1) a concentric tear due to delamination of the anulus, (2) a radial tear in which all layers of the anulus were disrupted, and (3) a transverse tear of the peripheral anulus. The latter two tear types could be demonstrated by MR. On the basis of their frequency the concentric and transverse tears are not likely symptomatic. Radial tears, which some investigators have suggested are symptomatic, may be studied clinically with MR.
    Zusätzliches Material: 3 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ca.980020102
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  • 149
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Influence of wrist position on the performance of fast isometric contractions of human hand muscles (1989)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Clinical Anatomy 2 (1989), S. 17-27 
    Details
    ISSN: 0897-3806
    Schlagwort(e): wrist position influence ; fast isometric contractions ; motor control ; human hand muscles ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Miscellaneous Medical
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: The influence of wrist position on the motor control of intrinsic and extrinsic hand muscles during the performance of fast isometric precision-grip contractions was evaluated. Ten male and female subjects, aged 17-28 years, attempted to produce accurately 75%, 50%, 25%, and 10% of a predetermined maximum criterion force level with the wrist in the flexed, functional, and extended positions. Feedback on the accuracy of each contraction was provided by a visual error display after each trial. Trials selected for analysis fell within ± 5% error of the required force level. Surface electromyograms were recorded from the first dorsal interosseous, adductor pollicis, abductor pollicis brevis, common flexor muscles and the extensor digitorum. Wrist position was shown to influence significantly the integrated electromyographic values representing the activity of the first dorsal interossous but not the adductor pollicis. Significant alterations in the onset time of the antagonist extensor digitorum were also detected. On the basis of the these results we suggest that the intrinsic muscles of the hand can be classified as either wrist position dependent or independent.
    Zusätzliches Material: 6 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ca.980020104
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  • 150
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    The blood vessels and nerves of the dorsalis pedis flap (1989)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Clinical Anatomy 2 (1989), S. 9-16 
    Details
    ISSN: 0897-3806
    Schlagwort(e): dorsalis pedis artery ; connection of dorsalis pedis vein ; superficial peroneal nerve ; first metatarsal space flap ; myocutaneous flap ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Miscellaneous Medical
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Although there are numerous reports on the anatomy of blood vessels and nerves in the feet of the Chinese (Chen, 1964; Weng et al., 1964; Chen, 1965; Zhang et al., 1979; Chen et al., 1980; Wu et al., 1980; Ling et al., 1981) discussions of their clinical and/or surgical significance are rare.The dorsa of the feet of 30 Chinese adults were dissected after injecting red-colored latex into the anterior tibial artery. The dorsalis pedis artery (DPA) was present in all cases, but two of the vessels took an unusual course. At the inferior border of the superior extensor retinaculum, the external diameters of the DPA and the great saphenous vein were 2.57 ± 0.09 mm and 3.66 ± 0.22 mm, respectively. The diameters of the vessels that constitute the pedicle of this free flap are large enough to allow anastomosis with those vessels at the recipient site. The dorsalis pedis veins connect with either the dorsal venous arch or the first metatarsal vein at a point 0.27-0.98 cm distal to the arch; therefore, to ensure a satisfactory venous return, a dorsalis pedis flap should be elevated 1 cm beyond the arch. The superficial peroneal nerve may supply only the medial half of the dorsum of the foot (27.58%); thus, reconstitution of the severed nerve would fail to restore sensation to the lateral part of the flap.A free flap from the first metatarsal space for covering small defects is recommended and is also based on a detailed knowledge of the neurovascular supply of this space.
    Zusätzliches Material: 5 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ca.980020103
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  • 151
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Reliability and predictive capacity of examinations in anatomy and improvement in the reliability of viva voce (oral) examinations by the use of a structured rating system (1989)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Clinical Anatomy 2 (1989), S. 29-34 
    Details
    ISSN: 0897-3806
    Schlagwort(e): rating ; tests ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Miscellaneous Medical
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: In the present paper the reliability and predictive capacity of multiple-choice, essay, and viva voce (oral) examinations in anatomy are compared. In an attempt to improve the reliability of the viva, a structured rating system was designed. In the latter system candidates were rated separately for achievement under the headings of Factual Recall, Analysis and Interpretation of Data, Problem Solving, and Verbal Presentation. The predictive capacity of examinations in anatomy was estimated by calculating the correlation between scores in anatomy and the score obtained by the same students in final-year medicine. The reliability coefficients of the examinations were estimated using the split-halves technique, together with Spearman-Brown formula in the case of the viva and the essay exam, and using the Kuder-Richardson formula 20 for the multiple-choice tests. The correlations between scores in anatomy examinations and final-year medicine examinations show that scores from essay and viva voce examinations are better predictors of success later in the medical course than are scores from multiple-choice examinations. The reliability coefficient of viva voce ( 〈 0.4) examinations is clearly less than that of either essay examinations (around 0.65) or multiple-choice tests (usually 〉 0.8). However, the use of the structured rating procedure elevated the reliability coefficient of the viva voce examination from between 0.3 and 0.4 in the case of the unstructured examination to between 0.7 and 0.8 in the case of the structured examination.
    Zusätzliches Material: 6 Tab.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ca.980020105
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  • 152
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Notices (1989)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Clinical Anatomy 2 (1989), S. 51-51 
    Details
    ISSN: 0897-3806
    Schlagwort(e): Life and Medical Sciences ; Miscellaneous Medical
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ca.980020108
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  • 153
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Masthead (1989)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Clinical Anatomy 2 (1989) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0897-3806
    Schlagwort(e): Life and Medical Sciences ; Miscellaneous Medical
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ca.980020201
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  • 154
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Selective entrapment palsy of the posterior interosseous nerve: A case report (1989)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Clinical Anatomy 2 (1989), S. 43-49 
    Details
    ISSN: 0897-3806
    Schlagwort(e): complications ; dislocation ; elbow ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Miscellaneous Medical
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: A 27-year-old woman developed a paralysis of her right hand, which affected the power of extension of her middle, ring, and little fingers, but spared the index finger and the thumb. There was a past history of injury of the elbow and dislocation of the head of the radius, and compression of the posterior interosseous nerve was suspected. After confirmation of the diagnosis by nerve conduction tests, the course of the nerve was explored surgically in the antecubital fossa. Compression seemed to be a result of two small vessels put under tension by subluxation of the head of the radius. Division of the vessels led to rapid recovery of function. The affected and unaffected muscles in this paralysis are supplied by separate branches of the posterior interosseous nerve. It seems likely that the fibers of the affected branch had been selectively compressed within the trunk of the posterior interosseous nerve. This suggests that there is sharp topographical localization of branches within the trunk of the nerve.
    Zusätzliches Material: 5 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ca.980020107
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  • 155
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Age-related changes in the lumbar facet joints (1989)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Clinical Anatomy 2 (1989), S. 55-62 
    Details
    ISSN: 0897-3806
    Schlagwort(e): lumbar spine ; facet joint ; cryomicrotorny ; anatomy ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Miscellaneous Medical
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: The normal appearance of the lumbar facet joints has been related to the age of the subject. We classified the changes in the menisci, articular cartilage, and subarticular cortical bone with respect to age in 24 cadavers. Normally the meniscus diminishes in size, the articular cartilage thins, and subarticular cortical bone thickens with age. Determination of normality must be made with respect to age.
    Zusätzliches Material: 6 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ca.980020202
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  • 156
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    The dissection experience as a laboratory for self-discovery about death and dying: Another side of clinical anatomy (1989)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Clinical Anatomy 2 (1989), S. 103-113 
    Details
    ISSN: 0897-3806
    Schlagwort(e): humanities ; dissection ; education ; medical ; psychology ; arts ; patient care ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Miscellaneous Medical
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Dissection of the human body raises questions for medical students about the source of bodies, bodily trespass, invasion of privacy, death, dying, and their own mortality. Facing and expressing the aversions, fears, and fantasies associated with human dissection help prepare the student both for academic work in the anatomy laboratory and for the emotional work implicit in patient care. With little additional curricular time within the longitudinal continuity of the dissection course we have developed a program in medical humanities that fosters both skills. This program, heavily dependent upon the arts, uses exposure to painting, film, and literature coupled with reflection, writing, and small group discussions to explore and express students' attitudes toward death and dissection as they experience the first year of medical school. The final session, a service of memoriam and thanksgiving planned and produced by the students, provides an appropriate personal closure of the dissection experience. Our students affirm that such a program, evolving over the past 12 years, has provided a foundation early in medical education for development of caring physician-patient relationships and for continued exploration of humanistic and ethical issues in medicine. These experiences illustrate that clinical anatomy has the potential to contribute to both the art and science of medicine.
    Zusätzliches Material: 1 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ca.980020207
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  • 157
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Carotid endarterectomy: Importance of cranial nerve anatomy (1989)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Clinical Anatomy 2 (1989), S. 147-155 
    Details
    ISSN: 0897-3806
    Schlagwort(e): cranial nerve injury ; carotid surgery ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Miscellaneous Medical
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: A retrospective study of 100 consecutive cases of carotid endarterectomy was performed. Special attention was given to the incidence, clinical significance, and prevention of cranial nerve injury. The operative mortality was 1%, and there were no perioperative strokes. There was clinical evidence of 22 cranial nerve injuries. Nineteen injuries were temporary, resulting in a 3% incidence of permanent cranial nerve deficit.The clinical anatomy of cranial nerves encountered during carotid endarterectomy is reviewed. Technical suggestions to minimize cranial nerve injury based on a thorough knowledge of this anatomy are provided.The relationship of laryngeal physiology and vagus nerve anatomy indicates that unilateral vocal cord dysfunction may be asymptomatic. Bilateral nerve injury can cause potentially fatal airway obstruction, which may be unrecognized until after the second operation. Preoperative laryngoscopy prior to carotid endarterectomy is suggested in patients with a history of prior cardiac or neck surgery and those scheduled for the second of staged bilateral carotid procedures.
    Zusätzliches Material: 4 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ca.980020304
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  • 158
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Valves in superficial limb veins of humans and nonhuman primates (1989)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Clinical Anatomy 2 (1989), S. 135-145 
    Details
    ISSN: 0897-3806
    Schlagwort(e): cephalic ; basilic ; saphenous veins ; valve function ; venous pressure ; primates ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Miscellaneous Medical
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: The venous valves are believed to play an important role in venous function, but their number, position, and spacing in limb veins are reported to be irregular. In this study, the relationship between the number of valves and the length of veins in which they occur was investigated for humans and nonhuman primates. In addition, valve distributions within the superficial veins of the human upper limb were compared with those of the lower limb. Upper and lower limb veins were dissected from adult humans, and forelimb veins were obtained from seven genera of primates. The mean valve index (number of valves per unit length of vein) of the forelimb lateral superficial vein exhibited relatively little variation between humans and primates of a wide range of body sizes and locomotor repertoires. The mean valve index for the lateral superficial vein of the human upper limb is similar to that of the short saphenous vein of the lower limb, and in both veins, the maximum valve index occurs in the most proximal portion of the vein. The relative constancy of the valve index across a range of primate species, and between the upper and lower limbs of humans, may reflect the known constancy of circulatory pressures in mammals. The minimum numbers of valves in superficial veins are only slightly greater than required to limit capillary pressure to below 10 mm Hg, above which pressure the tissue fluid flow would be compromised.
    Zusätzliches Material: 4 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ca.980020303
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  • 159
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Course of the recurrent laryngeal nerve relative to the tracheoesophageal plane and the axis of the trachea (1989)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Clinical Anatomy 2 (1989), S. 197-202 
    Details
    ISSN: 0897-3806
    Schlagwort(e): thyroidectomy ; tracheoesophageal groove ; surgical anatomy ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Miscellaneous Medical
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: An awareness of the surgical anatomy and the possible dispositions of the recurrent laryngeal nerve (RLN) is helpful in avoiding its injury during thyroidectomy.The relationship of the RLN to the trachea and its course relative to the tracheoesophageal plane were studied in 151 patients undergoing thyroidectomy. One hundred sixty-six (166) nerves were identified, 95 on the right and 71 on the left.Most nerves, both on the right (59%) as well as the left (53.5%), ran posterior to the tracheoesophageal plane. Most right nerves (84.2%) had an oblique course in the frontal plane as related to the tracheal axis or midline (deviation); on the left, most nerves (57.8%) showed no significant deviation. The nerves were found to course from posterior to anterior in the sagittal plane as they ascended the neck in 52.5% of cases on the right (type II obliquity), whereas on the left, 50.7% of the nerves ran in this direction. Approximately 37.2% of the nerves on the right, and 40.8%, on the left, had no obliquity in the sagittal plane paralleling the tracheal axis.
    Zusätzliches Material: 6 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ca.980020308
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  • 160
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Microcomputer reconstruction of pancreaticobiliary embryogenesis (1989)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Clinical Anatomy 2 (1989), S. 225-233 
    Details
    ISSN: 0897-3806
    Schlagwort(e): microcomputer ; reconstruction ; embryo ; pancreas ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Miscellaneous Medical
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: The origin, approximation, and fusion of the dorsal and ventral pancreatic anlage were reconstructed using new microcomputer methodology. Representative human embryos of Carnegie stage 15-17 were studied by digitizing serial contours and creating three-dimensional computer models. Solid surface color displays showing multiple views of each reconstruction demonstrated developmental relationships and changes between these three critical stages. This exercise demonstrates the power of this new technology for clarifying morphological concepts in research and education.
    Zusätzliches Material: 9 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ca.980020403
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  • 161
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Meaning of “normal” (1989)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Clinical Anatomy 2 (1989), S. 235-239 
    Details
    ISSN: 0897-3806
    Schlagwort(e): Life and Medical Sciences ; Miscellaneous Medical
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Zusätzliches Material: 2 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ca.980020404
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  • 162
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Neuromuscular spindles relative to joint movement complexities (1989)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Clinical Anatomy 2 (1989), S. 211-224 
    Details
    ISSN: 0897-3806
    Schlagwort(e): mechanoreceptors ; movement ; proprioception ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Miscellaneous Medical
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Small muscles, such as those producing movements of the digits, are known to contain high densities of muscle spindles compared to larger muscles of the limb. These high densities have been associated with an increased need for proprioceptive feedback during precise manipulative movements. A recent study has indicated that spindle densities are related to muscle size rather than to functional capability. By contrast, the current study examined whether spindle numbers, actual spindle densities and relative spindle densities correlated with the complexity of joint movements in two species with different muscle sizes, human and guinea pig. Published data were used for the histological parameters of each species and measurements were made of movement range in each kinematic degree of freedom for each joint of the human and guinea pig pectoral and pelvic limbs. Muscle weights of newborn humans were 315 times greater than those of guinea pigs but joint movement complexities were almost the same in the two species and actual spindle numbers of human were only 7.3 times those of guinea pig. Joint movement complexity tended to be greatest most proximally on each limb and progressively decreased more distally. Regardless of muscle weight differences, actual spindle numbers and relative spindle densities correlated positively and significantly with joint movement complexity and actual spindle densities correlated negatively in each species. Hence muscle spindle numbers and densities around joints appear to reflect joint functional capability for appropriate proprioceptive feedback to the central nervous system in the control of joint movement.
    Zusätzliches Material: 5 Tab.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ca.980020402
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  • 163
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Imaging anatomy of the cranio-vertebral junction (occipito-atlanto-axial joint) (1989)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Clinical Anatomy 2 (1989), S. 241-252 
    Details
    ISSN: 0897-3806
    Schlagwort(e): magnetic resonance imaging ; atlas ; axis ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Miscellaneous Medical
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: The diagnostic value of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is directly related to the ability to interpret differences between significant pathology and normal anatomical variations. A multidisciplinary investigation of the cranio-vertebral articulation with CT, MRI, anatomical dissections and sections, 3D reconstruction, and injections of contrast into the joint spaces has demonstrated some of the anatomical structures which can cause differences in CT and MR images. Some of the factors which can contribute to variations observed in clinical imaging include the supraodontoid bursa with varying amounts of fat or containing a Bergmann's ossicle, fat pads related to the transverse ligament or laxity of the ligament, identification of the ossiculum terminale or of the synostosis at the base of the dens, and flow patterns in the vertebral plexus of veins.
    Zusätzliches Material: 5 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ca.980020405
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  • 164
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Electron microscopic demonstration of Langerhans cells in human tonsillar epithelium (1989)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Clinical Anatomy 2 (1989), S. 271-276 
    Details
    ISSN: 0897-3806
    Schlagwort(e): Langerhans cells ; tonsillar ; epithelium ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Miscellaneous Medical
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Langerhans cells are believed to play an important role in cutaneous immune responses. The tonsils likewise have been regarded as lymphoid tissue performing critical functions in the immune system. The present study was undertaken to determine whether Langerhans cells are present in tonsillar epithelium.Samples of epithelium from four tonsils were processed and examined with an electron microscope. Cells morphologically typical of Langerhans cells were found to be present in the tonsillar epithelium.
    Zusätzliches Material: 6 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ca.980020408
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  • 165
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Age changes in the human sacroiliac joint: Joint fusion (1989)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Clinical Anatomy 2 (1989), S. 253-261 
    Details
    ISSN: 0897-3806
    Schlagwort(e): incidence ; sex frequency ; synostosis ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Miscellaneous Medical
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: In order to investigate further the incidence, sex frequency, nature and location of fusion in the sacroiliac joint, the joint of one side was removed from 49 embalmed cadavers, aged 52-89 years, 22 male and 27 female, and examined by A/P radiography, radiography of transverse slices through the joint, stereomicroscopy, and histology.Fusion of the joint occurred both by synostosis and by fibrous interconnections. Synostosis occurred in a para-articular form, especially along the ventral border and in the cranial limb of the joint and also in an intra-articular form. Fibrous fusion was found more commonly in the caudal limb of the joint.Radiography of transverse slices revealed a high incidence of synostosis (60.8%). A/P radiography, on the other hand, indicated a much lower incidence of joints showing clear evidence of synostosis (18.4%), but if to this were added those joints showing radiographic changes involving the possibility of some degree of fusion then a comparable incidence (65.3%) was obtained. Both methods revealed a higher frequency of synostosis in the male, although it did in fact occur quite frequently in females; 66.7% in male 53.8% in females when assessed by radiography of transverse slices.
    Zusätzliches Material: 5 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ca.980020406
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  • 166
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Editorial note (1989)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Clinical Anatomy 2 (1989), S. 293-293 
    Details
    ISSN: 0897-3806
    Schlagwort(e): Life and Medical Sciences ; Miscellaneous Medical
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ca.980020410
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  • 167
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Notices (1989)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Clinical Anatomy 2 (1989), S. 297-298 
    Details
    ISSN: 0897-3806
    Schlagwort(e): Life and Medical Sciences ; Miscellaneous Medical
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ca.980020411
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  • 168
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    “O death, where is thy sting?” Historical perspectives on the relationship of human postmortem anatomical dissection to medical education and care (1989)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Clinical Anatomy 2 (1989), S. 277-292 
    Details
    ISSN: 0897-3806
    Schlagwort(e): human portmortem anatomical dissection ; cadaveric dissection ; postmortem analysis ; autopsy ; necropsy ; organ/tissue donation ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Miscellaneous Medical
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: From an historical perspective, great intellectual effort and struggle were required to secure the privilege of human postmortem anatomical dissection. It represents one expression of the validity and value of the patient-physician relationship. The latter contributes to the welfare of mankind, if through that involvement the knowledge and wisdom of each is enhanced. “… Death rejoices to come to the aid of life” only if patients and physicians are committed to the educational and functional value of postmortem analysis, organ/tissue donation, and cadaveric anatomical dissection. Physicians must be willing to communicate to the individuals they encounter the usefulness of these opportunities for the continued enhancement of patient care and medical science. I would argue that it should be perceived as an expression of an interdependence among all sentient beings, and as such should be promoted as the zeitgeist of all interpersonal relationships within contemporary society.
    Zusätzliches Material: 7 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ca.980020409
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  • 169
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Effects on contiguous anatomical structures by disarticulation of the pterygo-palato-maxillary suture without the Le Fort I component (1989)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Clinical Anatomy 2 (1989), S. 263-270 
    Details
    ISSN: 0897-3806
    Schlagwort(e): sutural variations ; midface deformities ; major palatine canal ; interosseous bridging ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Miscellaneous Medical
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: The conflicting reports of fractures following Le Fort I osteotomies may reflect the different types of specimens and techniques used. One report suggested that fractures could be avoided with proper placement of a newly designed osteotome. The results of a linear growth study tend to dispute that contention as it showed that interdigitating osseous bridges connect the components of the pterygo-palato-maxillary complex and fractures would occur with any attempted separation. The purpose of this radiographic and anatomic investigation was to review the suture patterns of this complex on dry adult skulls and to use cadaver specimens to determine the effects of separation of the pterygo-palato-maxillary articulations on the concomitant bones.The major palatine canals of 11 hemisected cadaver specimens were cannulated with a #18 angiocatheter, and renografin 76 media was injected. Lateral radiographs of the specimens were obtained using digital radiographic equipment. Soft tissue was removed and a gross examination of the bony structures was performed using a × 10 magnification dissecting microscope. The variations in the sutures of this bony complex were studied on 143 dry adult skulls.In all the cadaver specimens, the pterygoid plates were fractured but the major palatine canals remained intact. Four specimens had maxillary fractures. An examination of the dry skulls showed a wide variation of suture lines and varying degrees of ossification that may explain the incidence of certain types of fractures. Improved visualization of the sutural anatomy during surgery is needed to facilitate better separation and minimize postoperative trauma.
    Zusätzliches Material: 8 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ca.980020407
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  • 170
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Episomal replication of cloned DNA injected into the fertilised ovum of the hen, Gallus domesticus (1989)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Molecular Reproduction and Development 1 (1989), S. 98-106 
    Details
    ISSN: 1040-452X
    Schlagwort(e): Concatemers ; Ligation ; pRSVcat ; Recombination ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: We describe preliminary experiments to analyse the fate of cloned DNA microinjected into the cytoplasm of the chick fertilised ovum. The reporter gene construct pRSVcat was injected into the germinal disc before the first cleavage divison, and the chick embryos were cultured for up to 7 days using the method of Perry (Nature 331:70-72, 1988). Linear plasmid molecules ligated rapidly after injection to form highmolecular-weight DNA molecules consisting mainly of random concatemers of the injected plasmid. Recombination involving circular molecules resulted in head-to-tail multimers of the plasmid. Some of the DNA was lost after injection, but the remainder was replicated approximately 20-fold during the first 24 h of development. Between days 1 and 7 in culture, the DNA was gradually lost and diluted out as the embryos developed. By day 7 in culture plasmid DNA was detectable in only 30% of the cultures analysed. No evidence for chromosomal integration of the exogenous DNA was obtained, suggesting that the plasmid DNA persisted episomally. Expression of the reporter gene construct pRSVcat was detected in day 2 and day 7 embryos.
    Zusätzliches Material: 6 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mrd.1080010204
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  • 171
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Masthead (1989)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Molecular Reproduction and Development 1 (1989) 
    Details
    ISSN: 1040-452X
    Schlagwort(e): Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mrd.1080010201
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  • 172
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Nucleologenesis and the onset of transcription in the eight-cell bovine embryo: Fine-structural autoradiographic study (1989)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Molecular Reproduction and Development 1 (1989), S. 79-90 
    Details
    ISSN: 1040-452X
    Schlagwort(e): Cleaving embryo ; RNA synthesis ; DNA distribution ; Cattle ; Nucleogenesis ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Eight-cell cow embryos were isolated and cultured in vitro in a medium enriched with 200 μCi of [5-3H]uridine for 20 min. Epon ultrathin sections of the embryos were investigated for the nucleolar morphology and for the appearance and localization of the sites of [5-3H]uridine incorporation by means of electron microscopic autoradiography. In addition to this, a general pattern of replicated embryonal DNA distribution was revealed by [methyl-3H]thymidine incorporation and light microscopic autoradiography.The essential phases of the transformation of the small nucleous precursor body (NPB) into a vast, functionally fully active nucleolus, characterized by typical nucleolar substructural components, are taking place within the eight-cell stage. This process differed in its morphology from the nucleologenetic process in early embryogenesis of other mammals, especially of that in the mouse.The first sign of NPB, transformation was the appearance of a large central vacuole followed later on by perinucleolar chromatin penetration into NPB, documented by both morphology and [3H]thymidine autoradiography. In some cases, concentration of dense fibrillar material forming clumps or stalks was seen in the central vacuole.The following rapid nucleolar development was characterized by the formation of secondary vacuoles concomitant with the onset of [5-3H]uridine incorporation into the dense fibrillar component and with the appearance of the first granules in the otherwise fibrillar structure of the nucleolus. During the late eight-cell stage, the still-rounded nucleolus developed features of a reticulated nucleolus known from somatic cells intensively synthesizing rRNA: a dense fibrillar component with associated labeling encircling fibrillar centers and a well-developed granular component. The labeled dense fibrillar component was observed mostly in the central area of the nucleolus; early embryonic NPB dense fibrous material not involved in transcription was disappearing rapidly. At the transition to the 16-cell stage the nucleoli lost their rounded shape because of the accumulation of a large amount of granular component, and they occupied a considerable part of the nucleus. In conclusion, the appearance of the nucleolar vacuole in eight-cell cow embryo is the starting point for following morphogenetic events linked with the onset of transcription.
    Zusätzliches Material: 14 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mrd.1080010202
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  • 173
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    The use of DNA probes in preimplantation and prenatal diagnosis (1989)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Molecular Reproduction and Development 1 (1989), S. 138-145 
    Details
    ISSN: 1040-452X
    Schlagwort(e): Embryo ; In situ hybridisation ; Y probe ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: DNA probes are now widely used for prenatal diagnosis, but the prospect of preimplantation diagnosis of genetic disorders requires the development of sensitive genetic tests that can be performed on small numbers of cells removed from a preimplantation-stage pre-embryo. The sensitivity of molecular tests can now be increased by specifically amplifying the target DNA with the polymerase chain reaction. In situ hybridisation with chromosome-specific DNA probes to repeated sequences also permits the detection of particular numerical chromosome aberrations or the distinction of male and female pre-embryos when only a few interphase nuclei are available. We have used in situ hybridisation to a Y chromosome-specific DNA probe to sex preimplantation-stage pre-embryos and to sex fetuses from samples of chorionic villus cells, amniotic fluid cells, and fetal blood. These two approaches (amplification of target DNA and in situ hybridisation) provide suitable tests for improving prenatal diagnosis particularly when few cells are available and they offer the possibility of tests suitable for preimplantation diagnosis.
    Zusätzliches Material: 7 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mrd.1080010209
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  • 174
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Qualitative changes in protein synthesis associated with polyspermic fertilization of human eggs (1989)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Molecular Reproduction and Development 1 (1989), S. 249-253 
    Details
    ISSN: 1040-452X
    Schlagwort(e): Polyspermy ; Protein synthesis ; Human egg ; Fertilization ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: To investigate the early molecular events in human oocytes that are triggered by fertilization, the authors examined the pattern of polypeptides synthesized by unfertilized and dispermic embryos obtained through an in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer (IVF-ET) program. Compared with unfertilized oocytes of the same postovulatory age, the de novo protein synthesis in tripronuclear dispermic zygotes (21 hours postinsemination) was characterized by the appearance of three novel protein bands with molecular weights of 41.2, 35.3, and 26.0 kD. Concomitant with these changes, these zygotes showed the disappearance of bands at 54.0, 36.5, and 28.0 kD, along with the decreased synthesis of a protein band at 42.5 kD. Although 24% of the aged unfertilized oocytes exhibited bands corresponding to 41.2 and 35.3 kD, the 26.0 kD protein is restricted to the tripronuclear embryos. The significance of these results is discussed in relation to the use of polyspermic human oocytes as a model for the study of the early molecular events triggered by fertilization.
    Zusätzliches Material: 2 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mrd.1080010405
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  • 175
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    The physiology of reproduction, Vol. 1 & Vol. 2, Edited by Ernst Knobil and Jimmy D. Neill, Raven Press, New York, NY, 1987, 2, 633 p, $290 (1989)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Molecular Reproduction and Development 1 (1989), S. 289-289 
    Details
    ISSN: 1040-452X
    Schlagwort(e): Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mrd.1080010410
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  • 176
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    The molecular biology of cell determination and cell differentiation, Vol. 5 in the series Developmental Biology: A Comprehensive Synthesis, Edited by Leon W. Browder, Plenum Press, New York, NY, 1988, 439 pp, $65 (1989)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Molecular Reproduction and Development 1 (1989), S. 289-289 
    Details
    ISSN: 1040-452X
    Schlagwort(e): Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mrd.1080010411
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  • 177
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Temperature and animal cells, The 41st Symposium of the Society for Experimental Biology, Edited by K. Bowler and B.J. Fuller, Society for Experimental Biology, Cambridge Press, 462 pp, 1987, $70 (1989)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Molecular Reproduction and Development 1 (1989), S. 289-289 
    Details
    ISSN: 1040-452X
    Schlagwort(e): Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mrd.1080010413
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  • 178
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    The cytoskeletno: Cell function and organization, Edited by C.W. Lloyd, J.S. Hyams, and R.M. Warn, Journal of Cell Science, Suppl. 5, The Company of Biologists, Ltd, Cambridge, 360 pp, 1986, $30 (1989)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Molecular Reproduction and Development 1 (1989), S. 289-289 
    Details
    ISSN: 1040-452X
    Schlagwort(e): Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mrd.1080010414
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  • 179
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Meiotic inhibition: Molecular control of meiosis, Edited by Florence P. Haseltine and Neal L. First, Vol. 267 in Progress in Clinical and Biological Research, Alan R. Liss, Inc., New York, NY, 432 pp, $78 (1989)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Molecular Reproduction and Development 1 (1989), S. 289-289 
    Details
    ISSN: 1040-452X
    Schlagwort(e): Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mrd.1080010412
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  • 180
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Nucleus of the boar spermatozoon: Structure and modifications in frozen, frozen-thawed, or sodium dodecyl sulfate-treated cells (1989)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Molecular Reproduction and Development 1 (1989), S. 264-277 
    Details
    ISSN: 1040-452X
    Schlagwort(e): Nucleoproteins ; Element concentrations ; Electron microscopy ; Image analysis ; X-ray spectrophotometry ; Flow cytofluorometry ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: After cryosubstitution and Epon embedding, or after Nanoplast embedding and very thin sectioning, the chromatin of ejaculated or diluted boar spermatozoa appears to be formed of DNA fibers embedded in a quite homogeneous matrix. After sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) treatment, and to a lesser extent after freeze-thawing, the DNA fibers are present mostly between cords, probably proteinaceous in nature. The quantity of free sulfhydryl (SH) groups, as calculated from staining by DACM and flow fluorometry, is increased in thawed or SDS-treated cells. The quantity of NH2 groups, calculated from electron microscopy image analysis of alcoholic phosphotungstic acid-stained cells, is decreased in thawed nuclei. The DNA is more accessible to the fluorochrome ethidium bromide after freeze-thawing, and its sensitivity to HCI hydrolysis is modified, during the Feulgen-like staining procedure using acriflavine. The X-ray energy dispersive analysis of cryosections of nuclei indicates that the slight separation of DNA and nucleoproteins in freeze-thawed spermatozoa could result from a dramatic modification of the nuclear ionic environment during thawing.
    Zusätzliches Material: 17 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mrd.1080010407
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  • 181
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Flow cytometric analysis of rodent epididymal spermatozoal chromatin condensation and loss of free sulfhydryl groups (1989)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Molecular Reproduction and Development 1 (1989), S. 283-288 
    Details
    ISSN: 1040-452X
    Schlagwort(e): Mouse/rat epididymis ; Acridine orange ; Disulfide bonding ; 7-Diethylamino-3-(4′-maleimidylphenyl)-4-methylcoumarin (CPM) ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Flow cytometric measurements were made on acridine orange (AO) and 7-diethylamino-3-(4′-maleimidylphenyl)-4-methylcoumarin (CPM)-stained epididymal- and vas deferens-derived spermatozoal nuclei to follow the course of chromatin condensation and oxidation of free sulfhydryl groups, respectively, during passage through mouse and rat posttesticular reproductive tracts. Alterations of mouse and rat spermatozoal chromatin during transition from a testicular elongated spermatids to epididymal caput spermatozoc resulted in a threefold loss of DNA stainability with AO. Passage of spermatozoa from the caput to corpus epididymis was accompanied by an approximate 15% loss of DNA stainability, which was maintained at that level throughout passage into the vas deferens. AO stainability of epididymal spermatozoal nuclei was generally independent of -SH group stainability. CPM stanability of rat spermatozoal nuclei free -SH groups was 83%, 18%, and 11% of caput spermatozoal values for corpus, cauda epididymis, and vas deferens, respectively. Comparable values for mice were 69%, 20%, and 18%. CPM stainability was relatively homogeneous for these mouse and rat reproductive tract regions, except mouse corpus epididymis spermatozoal nuclei stained very heterogeneously. Rat spermatozoa detained by ligature up to 7 days in the caput, corpus, and cauda epididymi had CPM staining values equal to or below those of normal vas spermatozoa, indicating that disulfide (S-S) bonding is intrinsic to the spermatozoa and is independent of the epididymal environment. These data suggest that chromatin condensation and loss of spermatozoal DNA stainability during passage from the testis to the vas deferens are independent of S-S bonding. Furthermore, the results are in agreement with previous findings suggesting that autoxidation of SH groups occurs independently of movement through the epididymis.
    Zusätzliches Material: 6 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mrd.1080010409
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  • 182
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Chromatin arrangement in mouse sperm nuclei: An ultrastructural cytochemical study (1989)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Molecular Reproduction and Development 1 (1989), S. 91-97 
    Details
    ISSN: 1040-452X
    Schlagwort(e): Protamines ; Disulfide bonds ; Osmium ammine reaction ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: The arrangement of mouse sperm nuclei chromatin and, in particular, of DNA has been studied by electron microscopic cytochemistry. It had been previously shown that, after a Feulgen-type reaction using an osmium ammine complex (OAC), the OAC-stained DNA was distributed in a spotted pattern in the nucleus (Biggiogera: Basic Appl Histochem 30:501-504, 1986). The present chapter shows that this pattern is characteristic of mouse spermatozoa from testis to vas deferens, with the exception of some testicular spermatozoa, in which DNA was homogeneously stained. DNase digestion of thin-sectioned nuclei resulted in a distribution of residual material complementary to the pattern of the unstained zones after the OAC reaction. These findings are discussed considering the role of -S-S- crosslinks, characteristics of this extremely condensed chromatin, in limiting the availability of DNA to acid hydrolysis.
    Zusätzliches Material: 8 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mrd.1080010203
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  • 183
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Northern analyses using single-stranded probes do not support a role for GATA/GACA repeats in sex determination in mice and men (1989)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Molecular Reproduction and Development 1 (1989), S. 116-121 
    Details
    ISSN: 1040-452X
    Schlagwort(e): Bkm sequences ; Gonad differentiation ; Riboprobes ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: The possible role of GATA/GACA repeated sequences in mammalian sex determination was investigated using Northern analyses of mouse and human RNA. Brain, liver, and gonadal RNA from three developmental stages of mice of both sexes and also human fetal RNA from various tissues were hybridized to both sense and antisense Bkm riboprobes as well as to the synthetic oligonucleotide (GATA)5. At low levels of stringency, putative transcripts of various sizes were observed in all tissue samples with all probes. At high stringency, only a putative transcript of approximately 12 kb was observed, but this was later shown to consist of contaminating DNA. No sex-specific differences were observed in any tissue or developmental stage. Thus, we find no evidence that the GATA/GACA repeated sequences are specifically expressed in quantities detectable by Northern analyses in a manner important to mammalian sex determination.
    Zusätzliches Material: 5 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mrd.1080010206
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  • 184
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    In vitro effects of growth factors on rat germ cell RNA synthesis and their modulation by sertoli cell-secreted proteins (1989)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Molecular Reproduction and Development 1 (1989), S. 122-128 
    Details
    ISSN: 1040-452X
    Schlagwort(e): Pachytene spermatocytes ; Round spermatids ; Insulin ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: In vitro rat germ cell RNA synthesis is influenced by growth factors. Basic fibroblast growth factor (0.1 to 100 ng/ml) increases [3H]uridine incorporation in round spermatids (RS) but not in pachytene spermatocytes (PS); this effect is potentiated by insulin (10 μg/ml) and blocked in the presence of Sertoli cell-secreted proteins (SCSP). Somatomedin C (0.1 to 100 ng/ml) exhibits a similar effect when used alone without an influence by SCSP. Transforming growth factor β (0.1 to 10 ng/ml) acts on both cell types, but SCSP amplify this effect only in PS. These data suggest that growth factors synthesized in situ may play a role in the germ cell development and that their effects are moduiated by SCSP.
    Zusätzliches Material: 6 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mrd.1080010207
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  • 185
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Genes, cells, and organisms: The discovery and characterization of transposable elements, by Barbara McClintock. Garland Publishing, Inc., New York, 1987, $77.00 (1989)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Molecular Reproduction and Development 1 (1989), S. 146-146 
    Details
    ISSN: 1040-452X
    Schlagwort(e): Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mrd.1080010212
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  • 186
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Gene activity in early development, 3rd Edition, by Eric H. Davidson. Academic Press, Inc., Orlando, FL, 1986, $49.50 (1989)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Molecular Reproduction and Development 1 (1989), S. 146-147 
    Details
    ISSN: 1040-452X
    Schlagwort(e): Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mrd.1080010215
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  • 187
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    The mammalian chromosome: The molecular search for teh sex-determining factor, edited by P.N. Good-fellow. I.W. Craig, J.C. Smith, and J. Wolfe. The Biochemical Society Book Depot, Colchester, England, 1987, $60.00 (1989)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Molecular Reproduction and Development 1 (1989), S. 147-147 
    Details
    ISSN: 1040-452X
    Schlagwort(e): Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mrd.1080010217
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  • 188
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Reshaping life: Key issues in genetic engineering, by G.J.V. Nossal. Cambridge University Press, New York, 1985, $12.95 (1989)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Molecular Reproduction and Development 1 (1989), S. 147-147 
    Details
    ISSN: 1040-452X
    Schlagwort(e): Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mrd.1080010216
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  • 189
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Expression of two actin genes during larval development in the sea urchin Strongylocentrotus purpuratus (1989)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Molecular Reproduction and Development 1 (1989), S. 149-155 
    Details
    ISSN: 1040-452X
    Schlagwort(e): Gene regulation ; Echinoderm ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: We report the first measurements of cell number, total RNA, and transcript accumulations for two actin genes during larval development of the sea urchin Strongylocentrotus purpuratus. At 5 weeks of feeding, when development of laboratory-raised larvae is completed, the cell number has increased about 100-fold with respect to the pluteus-stage embryo to about 150,000 ± 50,000, and the total RNA has increased 46-fold to about 130 ng per larva. The transcripts of the Cylla cytoskeletal actin gene, which is expressed in adult tissues, continue to accumulate throughout larval development. A contrasting pattern of transcript accumulation is observed for Cyllla, a different cytoskeletal actin gene that in the embryo is expressed only in aboral ectoderm. These transcripts increase in number early in larval development, when the larval epidermis is differentiating, and then decline in quantity. It is known that at metamorphosis the larval epidermis is largely histolyzed and that the Cyllla gene is not expressed in the juvenile or adult.
    Zusätzliches Material: 3 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mrd.1080010302
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  • 190
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    DNA sequence and pattern of expression of the sea urchin (Paracentrotus lividus) α-tubulin genes (1989)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Molecular Reproduction and Development 1 (1989), S. 170-181 
    Details
    ISSN: 1040-452X
    Schlagwort(e): Multigene family ; Sequence analysis ; Developmental expression ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: To study the molecular aspects of the regulation of transcription of a multigene family, we have isolated and sequenced cDNA and genomic clones coding for the α-tubulin of the sea urchin Paracentrotus lividus. Two cDNA clones, Pα 10 and Pα 4, contain respectively the coding information for 391 C-terminal and for 338 N-terminal amino acids of the 452 residues that constitute the complete protein. They show silent nucleotide substitutions only, suggesting that Pα 10 and Pα 4 represent the cloned copies of two allelic gene transcripts, which encode for two α-tubulin isoforms with identical amino acid sequence in the region of the overlap. The comparison of the predicted amino acid sequence of the composite Pα 4-10 and of the mouse M α-6 (Villasante et al., Mol. Cell Biol 1986; 6:2409-2419) reveals a conservation of 97% between the two polypeptides. By RNA blotting hybridization six major α-tubulin transcripts were identified. Two, of 3.5 kb and 2.0 kb, are expressed in the unfertilized eggs and during early cleavage. The other two maternal mRNAs, of 2.4 kb and 1.8 kb, are expressed in both early and late cleavage embryos, but in the intestine the 1.8 kb RNA, which specifically reacted with the 3′ specific probe of the Pα 10 cDNA, is the only transcript detected. Finally, the 1.5 kb and 1.9 kb mRNAs represent the transcription of stage- and tissue-specific genes, respectively. In fact, the former becomes detectable at blastula stage and accumulates during late development, whereas the latter is found in the testis only. The sequence data of the 3′ terminus of the α-3 genomic clone suggests that it encodes for a divergent α-tubulin, and it most probably corresponds to the testis-specific gene.
    Zusätzliches Material: 8 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mrd.1080010305
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  • 191
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Detection of Y-bearing spermatozoa by DNA-DNA in situ hybridisation (1989)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Molecular Reproduction and Development 1 (1989), S. 201-207 
    Details
    ISSN: 1040-452X
    Schlagwort(e): Spermatozoa ; Human ; In situ hybridisation ; Y chromosome ; Sperm selection ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: In situ hybridisation of a Y chromosome-specific DNA probe to preparations of decondensed spermatozoa revealed approximately 46.7% labelled spermatozoa among 3,900 scored. This is not significantly different from the 50% expected if only the Y chromosome-bearing spermatozoa are hybridised. Control hybridisations of Escherichia coli DNA and salmon testis DNA to decondensed sperm produced no significant labelling, whereas more than 99% of the spermatozoa were heavily labelled after hybridisation to total human DNA. These controls indicate that the methodology described in this paper renders the chromatin accessible for hybridisation and that the 50% hybridisation observed with the Y chromosome DNA probe was specific. In situ hybridisation with the Y probe therefore identifies the Y-bearing spermatozoa, and the protocol described should prove useful in evaluating methods of separating Y-bearing and X-bearing spermatozoa.
    Zusätzliches Material: 1 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mrd.1080010308
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  • 192
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Estimates of mRNA abundance in the mouse blastocyst based on cDNA library analysis (1989)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Molecular Reproduction and Development 1 (1989), S. 233-241 
    Details
    ISSN: 1040-452X
    Schlagwort(e): Preimplantation ; Gene expression ; RNA quantity ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Studies of gene expression during blastocyst formation in mouse preimplantation development have been limited by the amount of RNA available per embryo. Our present approach to this problem has been to construct a large, representative, blastocyst cDNA library in λgtll. Random hexadeoxynucleotides were used as primers with total blastocyst RNA serving as template. RNA collected from 4,100 32-64 cell embryos was used to generate a library with an initial size of 30 × 106 recombinants. By using clone frequency as a measure of relative mRNA abundance, our data support previous work on the relative and absolute amounts of actin, histone H2a, and intracisternal A particle. Furthermore, we provide estimates for the abundance of cytokeratin endo A, cytokeratin endo B, and β-tubulin from clone frequency data. Insert sizes for isolated clones range from 200 bp to 3.6 kb with full-length or near-full-length insert sizes for selected clones, indicating that random primer methods generate cDNAs which can represent a significant portion of the mRNA. We have so far characterized products whose abundance is equal to or greater than 0.002% of total RNA. This library offers the potential for the analyses of presumptive regulatory gene products in the mouse preimplantation embryo which are represented as low abundance (〈1% of mRNA) RNAs.
    Zusätzliches Material: 2 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mrd.1080010403
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  • 193
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Mouse zygotes injected with mitochondria develop normally but the exogenous mitochondria are not detectable in the progeny (1989)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Molecular Reproduction and Development 1 (1989), S. 156-163 
    Details
    ISSN: 1040-452X
    Schlagwort(e): Mitochondrial DNA ; Microinjection ; Embryogenesis ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: A microinjection procedure to introduce “paternal” mitochondria from a source other than spermatozoa into fertilized mouse eggs is described. When a mitochondrial suspension isolated from the testes or liver of Mus molossinus mice was microinjected into fertilized eggs of CD1 mice, the microinjected zygotes survived, developed normally, and offspring were produced. Mus molossinus mitochondrial DNA can be distinguished from CD1 mitochondrial DNA by Southern blot analyses using restriction enzymes such as Eco R1, Xba 1, or Spe 1. Although up to 120 viable mitochondria were injected, no exogenous mitochondrial DNA was detected in fetal samples or in the brain, liver, heart, testis, or ovary of the mature progeny. Under the experimental conditions used, similar results were obtained when mitochondria from the testes of New Zealand black mice or from testes of Syrian hamsters were microinjected into fertilized CD1 mouse eggs. Failure to detect the exogenous mitochondrial DNA under our assay conditions suggests that microinjected mitochondria from testis or liver did not selectively replicate during embryonic development. The “foreign” mitochondria appear to have the same fate during early embryogenesis as the mitochondria of the spermatozoon.
    Zusätzliches Material: 5 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mrd.1080010303
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  • 194
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    P-epitope is characteristic for the neural tissue of vertebrates (1989)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Molecular Reproduction and Development 1 (1989), S. 182-192 
    Details
    ISSN: 1040-452X
    Schlagwort(e): Neurochordins ; Differentiation ; Embryogenesis ; Adenohypophysis ; Notochord ; Glycoconjugates ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: In a search for antigens immunologically related to chordin, a notochord-specific glycoprotein of sturgeneous fishes, extracts from 55 samples of human and rabbit tissues were tested for inhibition of [125I]chordin binding to rabbit polyclonal antibodies. The strongest inhibition was observed with brain extracts of both species. Human, chicken, rabbit, and newt brain extracts also inhibited chordin binding in liquid phase to monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) against the P-epitope, the most immunogenic epitope of this glycoprotein. Immunohistochemical studies done on human and chicken embryos, newt, sterlet, and sturgeon embryos, larvae, and juveniles revealed a strong immunoreactivity of the brain, spinal cord, and tissue of the peripheral nervous system with an anti-P MAb. Other tissues, with several exceptions, showed a negative reaction in immunohistochemical experiments. The authors found that the P-epitope is ontogenetically expressed in the neural tissue of chicken, newt, and sterlet at the period of cytodifferentiation. Gel chromatography of human, chicken, and newt brain extracts showed that in each case the P-epitope was associated with a polydisperse macromolecular material of similar size. These antigens were designated as neurochordins. Prolonged pronase digestion of human and chicken brain extracts resulted in fragments with M about 3 kDa (presumably glycopeptides), which reacted with anti-P MAbs. These fragments were of the same size as corresponding glycopeptides of the pronase digest of chordin. Thus, in the present study, the P-epitope has been shown to be characteristic for the neural tissue of several vertebrate species; in the brain, it has been found in association with neurochordins, macromolecular antigens that are presumably protein conjugates with carbohydrates.
    Zusätzliches Material: 7 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mrd.1080010306
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  • 195
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Mechanism of directional mutations? (1989)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Molecular Reproduction and Development 1 (1989), S. 231-232 
    Details
    ISSN: 1040-452X
    Schlagwort(e): Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mrd.1080010402
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  • 196
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Expression and struture of the CyIIIb actin gene of the sea urchin Strongylocentrotus purpuratus (1989)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Molecular Reproduction and Development 1 (1989), S. 208-218 
    Details
    ISSN: 1040-452X
    Schlagwort(e): Embryonic regulation ; Nucleotide sequence ; Cylllb actin gene ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: The developmental pattern of expression of the Strongylocentrotus purpuratus Cylllb actin gene was determined by RNA blot hybridizations carried out with a gene-specific probe and total embryonic RNA isolated from various stages of development. The results indicate that the Cylllb mRNA is not detected in the maternal pool, and, although the gene is activated at the early stages (about 10 hr postfertilization), considerable amounts of mRNA do not accumulate until well into the pluteus stage 3 days later. These results suggest either a post-transcriptional regulatory mechanism that governs early embryonic expression of the Cylllb actin or a late embryonic transcriptional enhancement of this gene. We present here the complete nucleotide sequence of the Cylllb gene, which lies within the 10,361 base pairs of the sequenced region. The entire transcription unit is 7,455 nt long and shares structural similarities with the other cytoskeletal-type actin genes from this sea urchi. Sequence comparisons of Cylllb to the Cyllla actin gene, to which it is linked, reveals extensive homology even in the introns. The deduced amino acid sequence of the Cylllb actin shows five amino acid substitutions compared with the Cyllla actin and nine when compared with the Cyl, the endodermal embryonic cytoskeletal-type actin. Five out of these nine amino acid differences occur within a small peptide (position 257 to 267). The 5′ flanking sequence of the Cylllb gene shows a remarkable homology (∼75-80%) with the Cyllla upstream region up to the position -200 and a lack of any obvious similarity further upstream. This observation suggests that the two genes possibly share some common regulatory factors.
    Zusätzliches Material: 5 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mrd.1080010309
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  • 197
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Selection of mouse preimplantation embryos carrying exogenous DNA by polymerase chain reaction (1989)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Molecular Reproduction and Development 1 (1989), S. 242-248 
    Details
    ISSN: 1040-452X
    Schlagwort(e): Transgenic mouse ; PCR ; Microinjection ; Bisection ; Morula ; Fetus ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: A polymerase chain reaction (PCR) system to detect transgenes in mouse preimplantation embryos was employed so that transgenic embryos could be selected before they were transferred to recipient mice. The selection system involves bisection of morulae, selection of the half-morulae containing target sequences within 7 hr, and culture and transfer of the sister half-morulae. PCR analysis of morulae derived from transgenic mice confirmed that the PCR system was reliable. However, five of 41 implanted embryos derived from PCR-positive morulae did not contain the transgenes. Also, one of 28 implanted embryos from PCR-negative morulae were transgenic. The selection system was applied to fertilized mouse eggs into which pSV2-gpt-gE1A DNA was injected. The injected DNA was detected in 30 of 84 morulae derived from the microinjected eggs. All seven implanted embryos developed from PCR-negative morulae had no detectable amount of transgenes, and one of two successfully implanted embryos from PCR-positive morulae was transgenic.
    Zusätzliches Material: 6 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mrd.1080010404
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  • 198
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Posttranscriptional control of human homeobox gene expression in induced NTERA-2 embryonal carcinoma cells (1989)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Molecular Reproduction and Development 1 (1989), S. 107-115 
    Details
    ISSN: 1040-452X
    Schlagwort(e): Retinoic acid treatment ; HOX gene clusters ; EC cells ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: We have studied the expression of four human homeobox genes representative of four different clusters (i.e., HOX-1, HOX-2, HOX-3 and HOX-5) in the embryonal carcinoma (EC) cell line NT2/D1. Following treatment with retinoic acid (RA), these cells differentiate into several cell types, including neurons, and steadily accumulate polyadenylated transcripts derived from the genes in a period ranging from 18 hr to 14 days of RA treatment. The sizes of major transcripts in differentiated EC cells coincide with those previously detected by the same probes in human embryos. Nuclear run-on transcriptional analysis showed no difference in the transcription rate of the four homeobox genes in differentiated vs. undifferentiated EC cells. Inhibition of protein synthesis by 5-18 hr of treatment of undifferentiated cells with cycloeximide causes accumulation of some homeobox transcripts at levels comparable to those observed after 18 hr of RA induction, although it does not cause superinduction in fully differentiated cells. These data suggest that the activation of homeobox gene expression in RA-induced EC cells is controlled, at least in part, by posttranscriptional mechanisms.
    Zusätzliches Material: 4 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mrd.1080010205
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  • 199
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Sexing the human fetus and identification of polyploid nuclei by DNA-DNA in situ hybridisation in interphase nuclei (1989)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Molecular Reproduction and Development 1 (1989), S. 129-137 
    Details
    ISSN: 1040-452X
    Schlagwort(e): Y probe ; Prenatal diagnosis ; Mosaicism ; Chorionic villus biopsy ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Samples of human adult lymphocytes, fetal lymphocytes, amniotic fluid cells, and chorionic villus cells were sexed independently by cytogenetics and DNA-DNA in situ hybridisation to a tritiated Y probe. For the in situ hybridisation analysis, the presence of Y bodies (hybridisation bodies) in 100 interphase nuclei were scored after autoradiography. In all, 82/83 samples were sexed in this way (one technical failure) and 78/82 were sexed by both in situ hybridisation and cytogenetics. There was complete agreement between the two methods. There was a considerable variation (40-100%) in the percentage of interphase nuclei with a hybridisation body among the male samples, but very few nuclei from female samples showed significant hybridisation. In situ hybridisation could be used to sex the conceptus when males but not females are at risk for various X-linked genetic disorders and may also be useful for detecting 45,X/46,XY mosaicism or polyploid/diploid mosaicism. This would be particularly useful for direct preparations of chorionic villus samples, which often prove difficult to analyse cytogenetically but offer the best means of avoiding maternal contamination. Some interphase nuclei had more than one hybridisation body, and this was most commonly found among amniotic fluid cells. Comparison of sizes of nuclei with one or two hybridisation bodies strongly suggested that most of the amniotic fluid cell nuclei with two hybridisation bodies were tetraploid.
    Zusätzliches Material: 6 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mrd.1080010208
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  • 200
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Current protocols in molecular biology, edited by M. Ausubel, R. Brent, R.E. Kingston, D.D. Moore, J.G. Seidman, J.A. Smith, and K. Struhl. Volumes 1 and 2. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Media, PA, 1988, $165.00 (1989)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Molecular Reproduction and Development 1 (1989), S. 146-146 
    Details
    ISSN: 1040-452X
    Schlagwort(e): Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mrd.1080010210
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