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  • 1975-1979  (502)
  • 1976  (502)
  • Cell & Developmental Biology  (502)
  • 101
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Growth of the second metacarpal according to chronological age and skeletal maturationPart of this study was presented at the 88th Meeting of the American Association of Anatomists, Los Angeles, March 1975. (1976)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 184 (1976), S. 147-157 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: In relation to chronological age and skeletal maturation, the growth of the second metacarpal is discussed based on radiographs of the right hand and wrist in 499 male and 424 female Japanese aged 1 to 18 years. When plotted against age, bone length and width present the general growth pattern of Scammon, the adolescent spurt occurring at about 13 years in the males and 11 years in the females, and the mean values are significantly larger in the males than in the females at age 15 years for length, and age 13 years for width, and later. The growth curves of both sexes are almost parallel to each other for bone length plotted against skeletal maturation. Bone width progresses in parallel in males and females until about adolescence, whereafter there is a more rapid increase in growth in the males than in the females. The mean values for length and width are almost always significantly greater in the males than in the females. The width/length index decreases rapidly until a certain period, the minimum value being at about ten years or a maturity corresponding to that age, and then increase slightly again to reach an equilibrium state on the basis of both age and skeletal maturation. At any given age, the mean values are always greater in the males than in the females. However, according to skeletal maturation, the sex differences are steadily significant at and after the skeletal maturity corresponding to about 12 years in the males and 10 years in the females.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091840203
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  • 102
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    Electronic Resource
    Three-dimensional organization of testicular interstitial tissue and lymphatic space in the ratPresented in part at the Seventh Annual Meeting of the Society for the Study of Reproduction, Ottawa, August, 1974.This investigation was supported by USPHS Research Grants GM-00136 and HD-03752 from the National Institutes of Health. (1976)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 184 (1976), S. 203-225 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Rat testes fixed by vascular perfusion were examined by scanning and transmission electron microscopy. This revealed a complex organization of the interstitial tissue and an extensive “testicular lymphatic space” composed of continuous “peritubular lymphatic sinusoids.” No cellular connections exist between the interstitium and the tubules. Each sinusoid completely surrounds an individual seminiferous tubule, and adjacent sinusoids communicate freely through fenestrae in the interstitium. Thus, material must enter the lymph to gain access to the tubules. The sinusoids are delimited by separate endothelial cell layers over the tubules and interstitium. The layer over the interstitium is discontinuous in specific areas according to the geometry of the tubule packing. Interstitial tissue located in the flattened biconcave interstices between two adjacent tubules is consistently covered with endothelial cells, while that located in the open, triangular interstices between three or more tubules consistently lacks an endothelium. Most of the Leydig cells are located in the “open interstitium” and are directly exposed to the lymph. Physiological implications of the “testicular lymphatic space” and additional features of the interstitium are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091840207
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  • 103
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ciradian rhythm in DNA synthesis in mouse thymus: Effect of altered lighting regimens, restricted feeding and presence of Ehrlich ascites tumor (1976)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 184 (1976), S. 275-284 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: A circadian rhythm in the incorporation of tritiated thymidine into DNA of the mouse thymus has been described. This same rhythm in animals bearing an 8-day Ehrlich ascites tumor (EAT) was altered in its phasing, wave-form and over-all 24-hour mean; the most striking alteration seen in four out of five studies was a reduction in the over-all DNA synthesis rate in tumor-bearing animals.Mice subjected to an altered light-dark cycle did not show a complete phase shift in their thymus DNA rhythm within two weeks, but during this time the rhythm in the mitotic index of their corneal epithelium completely phase shifted; the presence of the tumor had no effect on this latter rhythm. In mice subjected to a daily 4-hour restricted feeding schedule, the rhythm in DNA synthesis in the thymus became synchronized in that the peak occurred toward the end of the 4-hour restricted feeding span in both tumor and non-tumor-bearing animals. The rhythm in the mitotic index in the cornea was not phase shifted or altered by the restricted meal timing.The DNA synthesis rhythm in the normal thymus demonstrated a phasing similar to (1) the rhythm in the length of survival time in untreated mice challenged with EAT and (2) the rhythm in DNA synthesis in the normal spleen.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091840303
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  • 104
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    A macroscopic study of the brain of Bison bison bison, the American Plains Buffalo (1976)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 184 (1976), S. 187-202 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The macroscopic anatomy of the brain of the American Plains Buffalo (Bison bison bison) is detailed herein for the first time. Many features vary significantly from most previously described ungulate species including its large size, fissural pattern of the cerebral hemispheres and well developed insular cortex. The midbrain, particularly the tectum, is outstanding: the superior colliculi appear to be the largest reported for any mammal and occupy most of the dorsal midbrain by surface area and volume estimates. The cerebellum is small relative to the total brain volume, a peculiarity reported elsewhere for other ungulates. Morphometric criteria further indicate the brain of bison is highly specialized. Drawing from various lines of evidence, it is suggested that the anatomical uniqueness of the present day bison brain may represent a vestige of the past, remaining largely unchanged over a broad expanse of geologic time.
    Additional Material: 3 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091840206
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  • 105
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    Masthead (1976)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 184 (1976) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091840301
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  • 106
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    Masthead (1976)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 184 (1976) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091840401
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  • 107
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    The fine structure of the interhemal membrane of the rat chorioallantoic placenta during prolonged pregnancy (1976)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 184 (1976), S. 73-89 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: In placentas from viable rat fetuses which surgically had been retained beyond term in lactating animals for as long as four days, the fine structue of much of the interhemal membrane was quite like that of full-term placentas. Moreover, contrary to what has been reported previously (Jollie, 1964a), in retained placentas which were autopsied at term there were few changes in the four cytoplasmic layers of the membrane which could be interpreted as degenerative. With prolongation of the placenta beyond normal delivery the number of pericytes which were associated with the allantoic endothelium increased; the basal lamina separating the endothelium from trophoblast III progressively became more focally split; and the apposed plasma membranes between this latter layer and trophoblast II appeared to dissociate. Trophoblast II became regionally divided in its cytoplasmic organization, its more superficial zone becoming highly infolded and/or vacuolar. As a consequence, the intertrophoblastic space between layers I and II became more extensive and complex. Within this space, a flocculent material appeared; and there was ultrastructural evidence of massive pinocytosis from the space by trophoblast II. With increased prolongation of gestation, a variety of lysosome-like inclusions appeared within this layer of the membrane.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091840106
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  • 108
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    The bony tentorium of the cat: Stereotaxic coordinates (1976)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 184 (1976), S. 91-96 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The cat's tentorium cerebelli is an osseous structure which overlies much of the brain stem. None of the current brain atlases list the coordinates of this bony projection. With a stiff wire and a stereotaxic apparatus, the location of its free edge and dorsal surface was mapped in 1.0 mm steps in the skulls of 16 cats. In the midline the dorsal surface meets the calvaria at a point 7 mm posterior and 15 mm superior to the atlas zero (intra-aural plane + 10 mm horizontal). From this junction it slopes inferiorly and anteriorly between the cerebrum and cerebellum along a 50° slope to terminate along a curved line. In the midline this free edge is located 0.5 mm anterior, and 6.5 mm superior to the atlas zero. It recedes laterally along a curved line to a point 6 mm lateral, 6 mm superior and 3 mm posterior to the atlas zero. The free edge then curves forward and descends to pass through an imaginary line 3 mm anterior and 4.5 mm inferior to the atlas zero. Statistical comparisons between measurements made in male and female cats revealed no significant differences.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091840107
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  • 109
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    A quantitative histotopologic analysis of the variation in lobulo-alveolar mitotic activity in the Lewis/Mai rat mammary gland during the estrous cycleSupported by general research funds from the College of Medicine, PHS 5501-RR05680-07. (1976)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 186 (1976), S. 39-48 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Quantitative microscopic techniques were employed to determine relative mitotic activity of lobulo-alveolar tissue in thick sections obtained from the inguinal mammary glands of colchicine-treated post-pubertal Lewis/Mai rats sacrificed at different phases of the estrous cycle. It was found that the magnitude of lobulo-alveolar cell mitotic activity and the proportion of the lobulo-alveolar tissue with mitotic activity undergo significant fluctuations during the estrous cycle. The frequency distribution of mitotic activity in lobulo-alveolar tissue was different and heterogenous at each phase of the estrous cycle. The frequency distribution of nuclei in lobulo-alveolar tissue during the estrous cycle showed only minor variations and could not explain the variation in mitotic activity. Similarly, no morphological differences were observed in the mammary gland which could account for the variation observed in mitotic activity.It was concluded that the variation in mitotic activity of lobulo-alveolar tissue is probably related to alterations in the generation time of lobulo-alveolar cells imposed by cyclical variation in ovarian hormones during the estrous cycle.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091860104
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  • 110
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    The ligaments of the human wrist and their functional significance (1976)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 186 (1976), S. 417-428 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The ligamentous anatomy of the wrist was analyzed by studying (1) 28 dissected human wrists, (2) and by examination of 19 wrist injuries created mechanically. Six volar intracapsular ligaments are described, two stabilizing the distal carpal row, three stabilizing the proximal carpal row and one stabilizing the proximal scaphoid pole. More specific terminology for these ligaments is proposed. An explanation of how these ligaments participate in the mechanical functioning of the carpus is advanced. Mechanically created wrist injuries had ruptures of specific ligaments as described augmenting a need for a more specific terminology. Suspected mechanisms of injury in perilunate and lunate dislocations are mentioned based upon the functional understanding of the intracapsular ligaments.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091860307
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  • 111
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    A correlative histofluorescence and light microscopic study of the formation of the sympathetic trunks in chick embryos (1976)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 186 (1976), S. 437-449 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The appearance and development of the primary and secondary sympathetic trunks in staged chick embryos was studied using the Falck-Owman histochemical method for the demonstration of primary monoamines. The earliest appearance of catecholamine (stage 20) was in individual fluorescent cells located in the region of the dorsal root ganglia about two stages prior to the formation of primary trunk aggregates. These cells are believed to be sympathetic precursor cells and correspond to formaldehyde-induced fluorescent cells observed in recent explantation experiments. Aggregates of fluorescent cells had formed bilaterally dorsolateral to the aorta at stage 22. These aggregates became continuous to form primary trunks by stage 24. The secondary sympathetic trunks were first seen in stage 25 and appeared to form at least partially by dorsal migration of cells from the primary trunks. Fluorescent cell processes were first observed at this stage. Secondary trunk formation was essentially complete by stage 28, and the primary trunks had become small and discontinuous. Definite rami communicantes could be observed by the early part of stage 28 in silver preparations. The significance of the development of two successive trunks in avians is discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091860309
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  • 112
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    Erythropoiesis in the yolk sac of the bat Tadarida brasiliensis cynocephalaThis investigation was supported by the National Institutes of Health, Child Health and Human Development Grant 03391-02. (1976)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 186 (1976), S. 525-551 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The process of erythropoiesis and vasculogenesis in the yolk sac of the bat (Tadarida brasiliensis cynocephala) has been studied through the use of both light and electron microscopy. Stem cells arise from the leading edge of the migrating splanchnic mesoderm and transform into primitive erythroblasts. Differentiation involves either contact or association with the endodermal cells, since all erythropoietic activity occurs on the endodermal side of the expanding vascular bed, and many of the cells are in close apposition to the lateral or basal plasma membranes of the endodermal cells. Endodermal cells also phagocytize developing primitive erythroblasts during the later stage of the process when erythropoiesis is subsiding in the yolk sac.Cells destined to become the endothelium of the expanding vascular bed also arise from the leading edge of the migrating splanchnic mesoderm. Their process of differentiation involves the development of cytoplasmic extensions that may surround a group of differentiating erythroblasts, enclosing them in the newly formed lumen of the blood vessel. The cytoplasmic extensions make contact and develop junctional complexes with similar processes from other cells to complete the lumen of the lengthening vascular bed.Cells of the granulocyte series or megakaryocytes are not observed in the yolk sac of the bat as has been described in certain other species.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091860405
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  • 113
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    Structural characterization and rapid manual isolation of a reptilian testicular tunic rich in Leydig cells (1976)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 186 (1976), S. 553-564 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: During the annual breeding season, the testes of the lizard Cnemidophorus gularis are yellow-orange, ovoid organs measuring almost 1 cm in greatest diameter. The pigment is confined to the testicular tunic, which contains a zone of Leydig cells and vascular channels more than 50 m̈ thick. Leydig cells constitute approximately 60% of the zone, with remaining space occupied by capillaries, sinusoids, and lymphatic vessels. Lymphatics are concentrated at the interface between tunic and seminiferous tubules. Interstitial space is poorly developed among the tubules, accounting for less than 3% of tissue volume. Capillaries, lymphatics, and a few widely scattered Leydig cells occur in the sparse interstitial space. Leydig cells in the tunic and elsewhere in the testis show ultrastructural features commonly found in mammalian Leydig cells. Separation of the tunic from the seminiferous tubules is achieved in a few seconds by manual decapsulation of the testis and yields an enriched preparation of Leydig cells that is essentially uncontaminated by tubular elements.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091860406
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  • 114
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    The accessory optic fiber system of the golden hamster with special reference to retinohypothalamic projection (1976)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 186 (1976), S. 451-459 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The hamster accessory optic fiber system has been investigated with the use of de Olmos-Ingram and Fink-Heimer silver methods following the production of unilateral ocular enucleation. It was found that this fiber system consists of both crossed and uncrossed inferior and superior fasciculi. The fibers of the inferior fasciculus (anterior accessory optic tract) run along the medial edge of the cerebral peduncle and terminate within the medial terminal nucleus of the accessory optic system. The fibers of the superior fasciculus (posterior accessory optic tract) leave the main optic tract, pass superficially over the medial geniculate nucleus and the cerebral peduncle; they synapse within the dorsal, the lateral and the medial terminal accessory optic nuclei. The presence of a retinohypothalamic tract could not be confirmed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091860310
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  • 115
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    Masthead (1976)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 184 (1976) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091840101
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  • 116
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    Cellular mechanisms involved in cyclic stromal renewal of the uterus. II. The albino ratThis study is dedicated to the memory of the late Dr. Helen Wendler Deane.This project was supported by U. S. Public Health Service Grant HD 01026. (1976)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 184 (1976), S. 27-48 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: During the first four days postpartum, heterophils (polymorphonuclear leucocytes) and macrophages occur in the intercellular compartment of the luminal epithelium of the uterine endometrium. Cytochemical and ultrastructural evidence indicates that transepithelial emigration of these stromal cells to the uterine cavity is occurring. This event takes place while the luminal epithelium is proliferating in response to the estrogenic stimulus of the postpartum estrus.Heterophil emigration precedes that of the macrophages and is most conspicuous during days 1 and 2. Although it has been established that collagen fibrils occur in uterine phagocytes (Schwarz and Güldner, 1967) assumed to be macrophages (Parakkal, 1969, 1972), their precise role in collagen degradation remains undefined. It seems likely that the emigrating macrophages, heavily laden with phagolysosomal derivatives and lipid droplets, are hauling the remnants of the intercellular substance out of the endometrium during days 2-4 postpartum. Ultrastructural evidence indicates that the emigrating macrophage punctures the basal lamina and passes through the intercellular compartment of the luminal epithelium by active penetration.Another mode of macrophagic egress operates in the deep stroma of the endometrium and myometrium where lymphatic drainage occurs. Macrophages accumulate in the perilymphatic stroma as well as within lymphatic vessels.Thus macrophagic emigration through the luminal epithelium and lymphatic vessels may provide a cellular mechanism for elimination of the intercellular stromal substance in the regressing uterus. Transepithelial emigration is a mechanism which operates also in the marsupial uterus (Padykula and Taylor, 1976), and thus may be a fundamental mechanism among subprimate mammals that fulfills in part the function that menstruation effects in primates.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091840104
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  • 117
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    Masthead (1976)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 184 (1976) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091840201
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  • 118
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    Effect of uterine artery ligation on ovulation in the rat (1976)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 184 (1976), S. 183-185 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Female rats were divided into six groups: (1) control, (2) one uterine artery (a.) ligated near the utero-tubal (U-T) junction, (3) one uterine a. ligated at the level of the cervix, (4) both uterine aa. ligated separately at the U-T junction, (5) both uterine aa. ligated separately at the cervix and (6) both uterine aa. tied with one ligature at the cervix. Segmental aa. were disrupted in all experimental groups except group 6. Animals were allowed to recover for ten days and killed the first metestrus thereafter. Number of eggs ovulated was determined by flushing the oviduct with saline solution and counting the ova.Control rats ovulated 5.0 ± 0.4 eggs per ovary. Groups 2 and 3 had an increase in the number of eggs shed from the ovary on the non-ligated side. In contrast, a decrease in the number of ova shed occurred on the ligated side. When both aa. were ligated separately (groups 4 and 5), irrespective of location, a decrease in the number of eggs shed by both ovaries was evident. No effect was found when only one ligature was placed near the cervix (group 6).The data demonstrate that blood supply to the ovary via the uterine artery is essential for the full complement of eggs to be shed.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091840205
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  • 119
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    Contributions to an analysis of the avian vitelline membrane's potential to promote outgrowth of the yolk sac-serosal membrane (1976)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 184 (1976), S. 227-231 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Explanted blastoderms of freshly laid chicken eggs expand their area during the first 44-45 hours of incubation by a factor of at least 11 if they are placed with the epiblast on the inner surface of explanted fresh chick vitelline membrane and provided with chick egg extract. This expansion is due essentially to the spreading of the yolk sac-serosal membrane. On turkey and duck membrane the expansion factor is about 6 and 3.8 respectively under otherwise identical conditions, but 1.9 only on a semisolid nutrient agar plate. Only the inner surface of the vitelline membrane has this growth-promoting potential, which markedly and progressively declines during incubation in ovo because of systemic factors rather than because of a direct influence by the outgrowing yolk sac-serosal membrane. Trypsinization of fresh chick vitelline membrane (1% trypsin 3 hours) reduces the growth-promoting potential to about 40% of its normal strength. The outgrowth of the extraembryonic tissues on vitelline membrane is better supported in the presence of a species' own egg extract than by extract from another species.
    Additional Material: 1 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091840208
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  • 120
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    The development of the lung in the pig-tail monkey (Macaca nemestrina,L.)Supported by USPHS Grant HL-1415205 from the National Institutes of Health.(For history of species, see Elliott, ′12) (1976)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 186 (1976), S. 15-37 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: This study covers the period from the fortieth day after ovulation to the thirty-eighth day after birth. In addition, lungs of two mature monkeys have been analyzed. Birth occurs about the one hundred sixty-eighth day (24 weeks after ovulation). By the fortieth day the patterns of the bronchopulmonary segments are well established. These are the tools of the investigator. The curve of growth for the first 60 days parallels that of the rhesus monkey but is steeper than the human curve. At 63 days (9 weeks) pairs of rosette-like clusters of epithelial buds (future alveolar ducts) have appeared on peripheral branches of the segmental bronchi and continue to grow in size until the twelfth week. Then they resemble the paired rosettes of human acini of the seventeenth postovulatory week (Boyden, ′74) and probably represent the primitive unit from which the human was derived. In both man and monkey, canalization of the rosettes starts at about the same relative time (the 17th and 12th week, respectively) and spreads centralwards from the rosettes along the bronchioles of each segmental bronchus. In man, canalization forms acini (alveolar ducts and respiratory bronchioles). In the monkey, due to the monopodial pattern of branching, it produces racemes of alveolar ducts, each raceme ending basally in a pseudorespiratory bronchiole (127th day). By the one hundred fortieth day, enough surfactant has been secreted to support a premature infant. At one hundred fifty days, 11 generations of bronchi, followed by 16 of pseudorespiratory bronchioles, are present in the medial basal segment, followed in turn by 19 generations of prealveolar ducts (the latter provided with delicate spiral muscles) each giving off alternate branches of alveolar ducts. After one hundred fifty days of gestation, generations of bronchi, pseudorespiratory bronchioles, prealveolar ducts and cartilages (15) remain virtually constant for at least 38 days after birth. By the adult stage the number of generations of pseudorespiratory bronchioles has been reduced to three and the prealveolar ducts increased (at the former's expense) to 27. This study is concluded with a comparison of the lungs of the newborn monkey with those of the human/neonate and puppy.
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    The Sertoli cell junctional specialization during spermiogenesis and at spermiation (1976)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 186 (1976), S. 79-103 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The relationship between developing spermatids and Sertoli cell junctional specializations was studied with the electron microscope during spermiogenesis and at spermiation. At stage I of the seminiferous cycle, the newly formed spermatids are found in apposition to junctional specializations at the lateral surfaces of the Sertoli cell. Visualization of the junctional site of this early stage appears to be dependent on orientation and plane of section. As differentiation proceeds, the spermatids elongate and come to lie within deep recesses of the Sertoli cell. At this time the junctional specialization is limited to the acrosomal portion of the spermatid. During the maturation phase, the spermatids, while maintaining the same relationship to the junctional specialization, approach the lumen. When stage VIII of the cycle is reached, the stage in which spermiation occurs, the spermatids are at the luminal surface. The relationship of the spermatid head to the junctional specializations is quite variable during this stage. Some spermatids are observed still attached to the Sertoli cell at the junctional site, while others are found completely or partially surrounded by Sertoli cytoplasm, but with no evidence of the normally interposed junctional specialization. Yet, in other instances, the spermatids are observed in a position slightly removed from the junctional site. Also evident are profiles of junctional specializations at a free surface of the Sertoli cell, there being no attached spermatid. In some instances the junctional specializations appeared in apposition to a residual body. In the case of the free surface profiles, the junctional specialization at times lined an empty cleft or crypt-like recess, giving the impression that the spermatid head had just been dislodged from the junctional contact site. The findings indicate that the spermatid is in contact with a junctional specialization from its initial appearance and remains so until spermiation is initiated. It is postulated that spermiation is initiated through a physiological change in the junctional specialization resulting in loss of adhesion and consequent release of the sperm head from its attachment site. A similar mechanism is proposed in relation to the inter-Sertoli junctional complex to account for the means by which the spermatocytes cross this barrier to reach the adluminal compartment of the seminiferous epithelium.
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    Localization of transferrin on the surface of the human placenta by electron microscopic immunocytochemistryThis investigation was supported by National Institute of Child Health and Human Development Grant HD06734. (1976)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 186 (1976), S. 151-159 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: During the course of gestation, a large amount of iron is transferred rapidly and unidirectionally from mother to fetus across the placenta. It has been postulated that one of the first steps involved in placental iron transfer involves binding of the maternal transferrin-iron complex to the surface of the placenta and the subsequent removal of iron and release of transferrin back into the maternal circulation. To determine if transferrin is present on the surface of human placental villi, two different immunocytochemical methods have been used: (1) an unlabeled antibody, peroxidase-antiperoxidase (PAP) method utilizing rabbit antiserum to human transferrin, goat anti-rabbit IgG and rabbit peroxidase-antiperoxidase complex or; (2) a peroxidase-labeled antibody method utilizing goat antiserum to human transferrin and peroxidase-conjugated rabbit anti-goat IgG. The peroxidase was then localized by incubation in a diaminobenzidine-hydrogen peroxide medium. Examination of the tissue in the electron microscope revealed the reaction product deposited as discrete patches or particles on the microvillous surface of human syncytial trophoblast. Controls using non-immune serum or an antiserum adsorbed with purified human transferrin showed no reaction product on the surface. The results provide morphological confirmation for the presence of transferrin on the surface of human syncytial trophoblast lining the maternal blood spaces.
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    Monosodium glutamate induced lesions of the arcuate nucleus. II. Fluorescence histochemistry of catecholaminesSupported by USDHS Program Project Grant NS-11462. (1976)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 186 (1976), S. 197-205 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The effect of the monosodium glutamate (MSG) induced lesion of the arcuate nucleus on catecholamines in the arcuate nucleus and median eminence of the mouse hypothalamus was determined using the Falck-Hillarp histofluorescence technique. The number of fluorescent perikarya in the arcuate nucleus of treated animals was decreased approximately 60%; the fluorescence intensity of surviving neurons was notably reduced. These changes were accompanied by a reduction in the intensity of fluorescence in the median eminence. Pretreatment of control and MSG-lesioned animals with a monoamine oxidase inhibitor (pargyline) greatly increased fluorescence in the median eminence and arcuate nucleus of both groups. However, the number of fluorescing perikarya of the arcuate nucleus of the normal pargyline treated group far exceeded that of the pargyline MSG animals. It is concluded that neonatally administered MSG caused destruction of a large number of dopaminergic arcuate perikarya.
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    Alterations in the fine structure of the prostate and seminal vesicle of rats treated with cyproterone acetate This research was supported by a contract (NO1-HD-2506) with the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development. (1976)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 185 (1976), S. 13-29 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Young adult male rats were treated with daily injections of 10 mg of cyproterone acetate for periods up to 16 weeks. Samples of the ventral prostate and the seminal vesicle were studied with the light and electron microscopes. Alterations visible with the light microscope included decreases in cell size, cytoplasmic basophila, the size of the nucleolus, and the amount of luminal secretory material. Ultrastructural changes in the epithelium of both glands involved mainly the organelles that participate in the formation of secretions. Large declines were observed in the abundance of rough endoplasmic reticulum, size of the Golgi apparatus, and number of secretory vacuoles. Lipid droplets accumulated in the seminal vesicle epithelium, and lysosomes were numerous in both glands. Changes were first observed microscopically in the seminal vesicle after one week and in the prostate after two or three weeks. Maximal development of the alterations occurred after treatment for approximately eight weeks.
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    The subdural neurothelium of the cranial meninges in man (1976)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 186 (1976), S. 429-436 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The neurothelium obtained from human biopsy specimens is a very thin cellular layer located between the dura mater and the arachnoidea. It is a pluri-stratified squamous layer which has some epithelial features (desmosomes and tonofilaments), and lacks connective tissue fibers in the extracellular spaces. Usually there is increased nuclear and cytoplasmic density and enlarged extracellular spaces from the deepest to the most superficial layer.Since neurothelium is fragile and easily torn apart, it probably occupies the position considered to be the subdural space.
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  • 126
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    Kinetics of intraepithelial lymphocytes in the small intestine of thymus-deprived mice and antigen-deprived mice (1976)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 185 (1976), S. 101-108 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The kinetics of lymphoid cells within the epithelium of the small gut has been studied in various thymus-deprived mice and in antigen-deprived mice by the use of 3H-thymidine injections and radioautography. In thymusdeprived mice  - including adult thymectomized, thymectomized and irradiated, neonatally thymectomized, and nude mice  - and in germ-free mice decreased numbers of intraepithelial lymphocytes (IL) were found. On the other hand, the radioautographic results indicated that the remaining IL populations included both newly formed and long-lived lymphoid cells in the same percentages as found in sham-operated controls and normal mice. It is concluded that although the presence of the thymus and the antigen content of the gut is of importance to the maintenance of the numbers of cells in the lymphoid populations of the intestinal wall, the basic kinetics of these cell populations are preserved in deprived mice.
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    Variation in form of circle of willis: Some anatomical and embryological considerations (1976)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 185 (1976), S. 119-123 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: This work is based on a study of 62 circles of Willis (circulus arteriosus cerebri) from patients dead from diverse causes. We have described the wide diversity of variations found to be present in the arterial vessels that form the circle, we presented the frequency of the different variations, and finally we discuss the possible ontogenic cause of these variations.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091850112
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    A study of germ cell morphology and duration of spermatogenic cycle in the baboon, Papio anubis (1976)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 185 (1976), S. 155-169 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Biopsy and orchiectomy specimens were collected from two adult baboons (Papio anubis) at different intervals after intratesticular injection of H3-thymidine. Zenker-formol or Bouin's fixed materials were stained with PASWeigert-Hematoxylin and radioautographed using the H.S.R. (Harleco Synthetic Resin) coating technique. Morphological features of most germ cells appeared similar to those of other monkeys, except that the spermatids in steps 9 to 11 showed a spike-like projection of the acrosome. Also, the type A spermatogonia showed some resemblance to the human type A spermatogonia. The cell associations consisted of 12 stages and a large number of tubular cross sections showed the presence of two or more stages. In Papio anubis, the zygotene spermatocytes are formed in stage VIII, and spermatozoa are released during stages V and VI.H3-thymidine labeling of germ cells indicated that one cycle of spermatogenesis in this species takes approximately 11 days, and complete spermatogenesis occupies 3.8 cycles, or approximately 42 days. The presence of labeled B type spermatogonia 35 days after H3-thymidine injection indicated the existence of some stem cells. The presence of some labeled Ad spermatogonia in these specimens could not be explained. The data indicated that spermatogenesis in this monkey is somewhat different from that in other monkey species described.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091850204
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    Transplantation of the fetal rat pancreas: Quantitative morphological analysis of islet tissue growth (1976)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 185 (1976), S. 209-221 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: When pancreases from fetal rats were transplanted beneath the kidney capsule of isologous normal adult recipients, continued growth and differentiation of the endocrine portion of the pancreas occurred. While limited amounts of acinar tissue were identifiable in the early transplant period (7 days), such cells were absent in long term transplants (14 and 21 days). In contrast, while few definitive islet beta cells were present at the time of transplantation, following 21 days at the kidney site large circumscribed islets comprised of heavily granulated beta cells in association with duct epithelial cells predominated. Mitotic figures were seen in both these cell populations. Total islet mass had increased over 20-fold during the transplantation period. Similar results were observed if fetal pancreases were grown in organ culture for ten days prior to transplantation. Continued islet and duct cell growth, as evidenced by mitotic figures and an increase in absolute islet cell mass was obtained in such cultured explants when transplanted to either isogenic or allogenic recipients.These observations support the hypothesis that fetal pancreas may be the best source of donor material for transplantation to diabetic recipients, in part, due to the continued growth and differentiation of the islet tissue during the transplantation period.
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    Cellular composition of the bone marrow in the chicken.This investigation was supported, in part, by a National Institute of Health Fellowship I F3 HD5513301 from the Child Health and Human Development Center and, in part, by Atomic Energy Commission Contract ERDA AT(45-1) 2225. I. identification of cells (1976)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 185 (1976), S. 235-245 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Incorporation of Fe55 in vivo was used for verifying on radioautographs the identity of chicken bone marrow cells that are in the process of heme syntheses. Under the experimental conditions all labeled cells may be considered to be linked with erythroid differentiation. They were classified into five maturational stages according to their morphology and capacity for DNA synthesis. Granulocytes were identified by the presence of specific granules. All mononuclear cells were classified as lymphocytes which had a pachychromatic nucleus, a high nucleocytoplasmic ratio, lacked the capacity for DNA synthesis, and resembled small lymphocytes of the bursa, spleen and bone marrow that bound, in vitro, anti-chicken gamma globulins labeled with I125. Radioautography with H3TdR was used to identify proliferating and non-proliferating members of each cell population.With the use of the morphological criteria thus established, reproducible differential counts could be performed on chicken bone marrow smears also in the absence of specific labeling. In normal, 3, 4, and 8 week old White Leghorn chicks, such counts revealed the bone marrow as a member of the lymphomyeloid complex preferentially adapted to the production and maturation of erythroid cells, while the reserve of granulocytes was found to be small compared to that of mammalian marrow. The percentage of lymphocytes appears to increase with age but, in contrast to rodent marrow, a proliferating precursor cell pool for lymphocytes could not be identified in chicken marrow up to the age of eight weeks.
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    The biosynthesis and secretion of precursor enamel protein by ameloblasts as visualized by autoradiography after tryptophan administration (1976)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 185 (1976), S. 289-312 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The incorporation of 3H-tryptophan into the inner enamel epithelium of newborn mouse incisor tooth organs has been studied in situ by light and electron microscopic autoradiography to determine the sites and kinetics of biosynthesis, migration, and secretion of precursor enamel protein during newborn mouse incisor tooth formation. Maxillary and mandibular incisor tooth amelogenesis was studied 5, 30, 60, 120, 240 minutes and 24 hours following the intraperitoneal injection of 3H-tryptophan. By 5 minutes, 40% of the total silver grains associated with the secretory ameloblasts were localized over the rough endoplasmic reticulum and 50% of the silver grains were localized over the Golgi apparatus. By 30 minutes, silver grains were observed predominately over condensing vacuoles and secretory granules within the forming Tomes' processes, and were also localized over the extracellular “granular” pre-enamel matrix. The enamel proteins were synthesized on membrane-bound polysomes, transferred within the cisternae of the rough endoplasmic reticulum and then accumulated in the inner saccules of the Golgi apparatus. The enamel proteins were then packaged in condensing vacuoles which subsequently became secretory granules which migrated to the lateral and apical secretory regions of the forming Tomes' processes. It was concluded from these in vivo studies that enamel proteins were synthesized and subsequently secreted within 30 minutes. The initially secreted precursor enamel protein was localized over a material which demonstrated a granular or stippled ultrastructure. The labeled protein then was localized over the amorphous enamel matrix per se which contained the forming calcium hydroxyapatite crystals. We assumed, therefore, that there are two different ultrastructural forms of 3H-tryptophan containing extracellular enamel proteins and suggest that the granular or “stippled” form represents newly secreted precursor enamel protein.
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    Masthead (1976)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 186 (1976) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091860301
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    Ultrastructural studies of the female breast. I. 9+0 Cilia In myoepithelial cells (1976)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 186 (1976), S. 413-416 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: 9+0 cilia associated with diplosomes were observed in myoepithelial cells of the ductal system in the undiseased, resting, adult female breast. Ciliary diameter was 250 nm, and the longest found was 830 nm. The centrioles comprising the diplosome were 500 nm in length and 160 to 200 nm in diameter. Satellite bodies were associated with the diplosome but there was no rootlet system. Evidence suggested that all myoepithelial cells bear a cilium. The possible functions of the cilia in a sensory role as chemo- or mechanoreceptors related to myoepithelial and epithelial activities are discussed.
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    Masthead (1976)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 186 (1976) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091860401
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    The nuclear fibrous lamina in human cells: Studies on its appearance and distribution (1976)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 186 (1976), S. 471-476 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The nuclear fibrous lamina, a structure of unknown function, is situated at the nuclear periphery directly apposed to the inner nuclear membrane. Although it has been well described in invertebrate and many non-human vertebrate cells, its occurrence in human tissue has not been emphasized. This survey of a large variety of human cells has documented the lamina to be present, although of varying thickness, in a large number of cell types. It is consistently thickest in mesenchymal or mesenchymally derived cells and its apperance and thickness is not correlated with pathologic alterations.
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    Cellular mechanisms involved in cyclic stromal renewal of the uterus. I. The opossum, didelphis virginianaThis study is dedicated to the memory of the late Dr. Helen Wendler Deane.This work was supported by U. S. Public Health Research Grant HD 01026 (awarded to Dr. Padykula). (1976)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 184 (1976), S. 5-25 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: At the close of a uterine cycle, the remodelling of the endometrial stroma of the North American opossum involves removal of extracellular material by macrophages. This study provides cytochemical and ultrastructural evidence which indicates that the laden macrophages are eliminated from the endometrium through emigration across the glandular and luminal epithelia. During diestrus or the early postpartum period, the abundant uterine glands relinquish their secretory function to acquire a transient function in the transportation of emigrating stromal cells.During the first three postpartum days endometrial regression in the stroma is marked by sudden appearance of monocytes, macrophages, lymphocytes, and plasma cells. Ultrastructural and cytochemical evidence indicates that the macrophages engulf the extracellular macromolecular material which, in the opossum, consists primarily of ground substance. Macrophages filled with ingested extracellular material aggregate beneath the glandular and luminal epithelia, where they acquire an extracellular coat that resembles the material of the basal lamina elsewhere. A fibroblast-like cell closely invests the macrophage at the time the extracellular material appears. Simultaneously, the secretory glandular epithelium is being converted to a highly ciliated one. Macrophages, often accompanied by lymphocytes, acquire intraepithelial positions in the glands. From here these stromal cells gain entrance to the glandular lumens. At this time the luminal contents are rich in acid phosphatase activity which most likely reflects the high lysosomal content of the emigrating macrophages. Evidence suggests that these intraluminal macrophages and lymphocytes are swept, by the recently differentiated ciliary lining, toward the glandular orifices and into the uterine cavity. It is hypothesized that this cyclic appearance and transepithelial elimination of macrophages is a cellular mechanism for removing large amounts of extracellular material without disruption of the endometrium.
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    The growth of the chick retina after hatching (1976)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 184 (1976), S. 111-113 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: In autoradiographs of the retina from two-week old chicks injected with tritiated thymidine during the first week after hatching, the labelled cells were found mainly in the extreme periphery of the retina and the ciliary epithelium of the pars plana. The pattern of labelling in the extreme periphery resembles that observed (Fujita and Horii, 1963) in retinae exposed to tritiated thymidine during embryonic development. The mechanisms underlying the histogenesis of retinal cells during growth at the extreme periphery in young stages may be the same as those which operate during embryonic development.
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    Appearance and disappearance of multiply ciliated follicular cells during development of the dog's thyroid gland (1976)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 184 (1976), S. 133-145 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Multiply ciliated follicular cells have been observed in developing thyroid glands in dogs. These cells are prominent three weeks prior to the expected date of birth but become progressively less common as development proceeds. After birth only rare isolated cilia remain. No evidence of removal of cilia by autophagy or loss into colloid was found. It is concluded that cilia are probably no longer formed by mature cells and that those already present are diluted out by progressive division of mature follicular cells.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091840202
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    American association of anatomists. Eighty-ninth annual session. University of Louisville health sciences center, Louisville, Kentucky, April 20-23, 1976. Officers, abstracts, demonstrations (1976)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 184 (1976), S. 335-598 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091840308
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  • 140
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    Scanning electron microscopic study of chylomicrons incubated with lipoprotein lipase (1976)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 184 (1976), S. 599-609 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The effects of lipolysis on the structure of chylomicrons were studied with the scanning electron microscope using rat chylomicrons incubated with purified bovine milk lipoprotein lipase for 20 minutes at pH 8.1. Since the amount of albumin added to the medium was limited, some of the free fatty acids and partial glycerides formed by lipolysis accumulated in the chylomicrons. Lipolyzed chylomicrons fixed with OsO4 at pH 7.4 appeared in scanning electron micrographs as spheres with multiply indented irregular surfaces, while those fixed at pH 5.5, as well as control chylomicrons fixed at both pHs, appeared as spheres with smooth surfaces. Sections of OsO4-fixed specimens, viewed with the transmission electron microscope, showed that the core of lipolyzed chylomicrons fixed at pH 7.4 contained numerous circular electron-lucent areas at the periphery, thus accounting for the indented surfaces observed above, while the core surfaces of the other specimens were circular and smooth. These findings confirm an earlier report that aqueous spaces form in chylomicrons during lipolysis when albumin in the medium is limited, and that the aqueous spaces disappear when specimens are prepared at pH 5.5 for microscopy. Thin sections of specimens that had been prepared for scanning electron microscopy showed that the gold-palladium coating was deposited directly on the indented surface of the lipid core of lipolyzed chylomicrons fixed at pH 7.4. It is concluded that vacuum dehydration during specimen preparation ruptures the outer wall of the aqueous spaces in lipolyzed chylomicrons and thereby exposes the interior of the spaces to gold-palladium coating and viewing with the scanning electron microscope.
    Additional Material: 1 Tab.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091840402
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  • 141
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    Uterine vasculature of the pregnant pig: A scanning electron microscope study (1976)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 184 (1976), S. 689-697 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Colored cold setting acrylic cement was injected through catheters into the arteries and veins of sixteen gravid uteri obtained from pigs at various stages of pregnancy. After the cement had set hard, the reproductive tracts were macerated in concentrated acid and the vascular casts resulting were washed clean of digested tissues. Small pieces of cast were coated with gold and viewed by means of a scanning electron microscope.Early in pregnancy the capillary network consists of low parallel ranks of ridges and troughs; later, cross ridging was observed which developed in complexity as pregnancy progressed. The density of capillaries comprising the microvascular network also increased towards term. No comparable changes were noted in the relatively less well vascularized areas surrounding the mouths of the uterine glands.This technique surmounted the problems of obtaining an adequate depth of focus for viewing the capillary network of the gravid uterus with the light microscope. The relationships that the blood vessels bore to the overlying epithelial layers were discussed and the inference tentatively drawn that blood flow at the capillary level was from ridge top to trough base.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091840408
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  • 142
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    Masthead (1976)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 185 (1976) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091850101
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  • 143
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    Catecholamine-containing nerve terminals in piloarrector muscles of stump-tailed macaques (Macaca arctoides) and the effects of local injection of 6-, and 5-hydroxydopamine Publication No. 837 of the Oregon Regional Primate Research Center supported in part by Public Health Service, National Institutes of Health Grants RR 00163 of the Animal Resources Branch, Division of Research Resources, and AM 08445 of the National Institute of Arthritis and Metabolic Diseases. (1976)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 185 (1976), S. 49-61 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The fluorescence histochemical method of Falck-Hillarp ('62) demonstrates dense plexuses of catecholamine-containing nerves in the piloarrector muscles of adult stump-tailed macaques. When these muscle fibers are viewed under the electron microscope, most of the axon terminal profiles between them contain numerous dense-cored vesicles (adrenergic); the rest of the terminals contain mainly agranular vesicles (cholinergic). Intradermal injections of 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA, 1 and 5 mg) or 5-hydroxydopamine (5-OHDA, 10 mg) into the scalp caused the fluorescence from the nerve fibers in the muscles to completely disappear. The 6-OHDA injections induced severe degenerative changes in the adrenergic terminals whereas the 5-OHDA injections caused only the granules in the vesicles to increase in numbers. Thus, the piloarrector muscles of these macaques are innervated with both adrenergic and cholinergic terminals, but the former are more numerous than the latter.
    Additional Material: 1 Tab.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091850105
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  • 144
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    Ciliated and secretory epidermis produced from embryonic mammalian skin in organ culture by vitamin A (1976)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 185 (1976), S. 93-99 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: When skin from the upper lip of 12-day embryonic mice was grown for ten days in organ culture with 5.7 μg retinol added per ml of biological medium, keratinization was suppressed and a ciliated and secretory epithelium was produced. Ultrastructural features of this epithelium are described. At this very early stage mouse epidermis is thus similar to chick epidermis in its ability to undergo radical metaplasia in response to vitamin A.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091850109
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  • 145
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    Masthead (1976)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 185 (1976) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091850201
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  • 146
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    Recovery of rat prolactin cells following cessation of estrogen treatment Supported by USPHS Grant AM 12583. (1976)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 185 (1976), S. 31-48 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Estrogen treatment for one month in female rats caused some regression of somatotrophs, but induced an increase in the number of prolactin cells and caused these cells to hypertrophy. These stimulated prolactin cells showed extensive development of the granular endoplasmic reticulum which was often arranged in concentric whorls (Nebenkern). Most of the prolactin cells contained a small number of mature granules which were smaller in size than those of prolactin cells in control animals. These prolactin granules were round in sectioned profile and closely resembled the secretory granules of normal somatotrophs.At five and ten days after the suspension of estrogen treatment, many prolactin cells contained numerous secretory granules of various sizes ranging from 150-500 nm. Only occasional granules in these cells were as large as 750 nm, and only the largest of the granules exhibited the irregular shape which is characteristic of mature granules in normal prolactin cells. Fifteen days after the cessation of estrogen injection most prolactin cells exhibited numerous secondary lysosomes. At this time the mature secretory granules were similar in morphology to those of normal prolactin cells.From the fact that the somatotrophs appeared not to be stimulated by the estrogen treatment we find it difficult to accept the concept that somatotrophs cna undergo transformation into prolactin cells.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091850104
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  • 147
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    The skin of the giraffe (1976)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 185 (1976), S. 63-75 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The skin of the giraffe has the same general histological structure as that of other mammals, but there are notable features. The skin is heavily pigmented with the epidermis, pilary canals, and the outer cell layer of the apocrine duct richly melanized. Furthermore, melanotic dendritic cells are frequently found in the sebaceous glands, the entire length of the external root sheath, and the secretory tubules of the apocrine glands. The thick skin has a papillary dermis that extends to just beneath the secretory coils of the apocrine glands and bulbs of hair follicles and an equally thick reticular layer below these structures. The hair follicles do not grow in clusters, and with some regional variations, have associated sebaceous glands, apocrine glands, and arrectores pilorum muscles. Only the large hairs have a prominent medulla. In such specialized regions as the eyelids, nose, and lips, the apocrine glands are surrounded by cholinesterase-reactive nerves but the glands on the general body surface are not. The only specialized nerve receptors are hair follicle end organs found on every hair of the eyelids, nose, and lips, but only rarely elsewhere.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091850106
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  • 148
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    Fine structure of tracheo-bronchial epithelial nerves of the cat (1976)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 185 (1976), S. 85-91 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The nerves in and immediately under the epithelial layer of the trachea and primary bronchi of the cat are studied with the electron microscope. The axons are unmyelinated and contain microtubules and mitochondria. Epithelial axons are observed throughout the entire epithelial layer, but, are usually concentrated in the basal area immediately above the basal lamina. Most axons are near the basal cells; others are in the vicinity of granulated cells or occur in the intercellular spaces between other columnar cells. A few of the epithelial axons are large and crowded with axoplasmic mitochondria. The possibility that some epithelial axons may have sensory functions is discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091850108
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  • 149
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    The origin, migration and morphology of the primordial germ cells in the chick embryo (1976)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 185 (1976), S. 139-153 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Chick primordial germ cells (PGCs) which separated from the “germinal crescent” entoderm in the period from stages 4 to 8 circulated mostly through the developing blood vessels from stage 10 onward and finally migrated into the gonad. The PGCs making their appearance up to this stage were generally spherical in profile, about 14 μm in diameter. Some of the PGCs, in contrast, did not enter the blood vessels but remained in the tissue (mesenchyme) of the embryo proper (tissue PGCs) and possessed pseudopodial processes, suggesting their migration by means of amoeboid movements. The circulating PGCs emerged from blood vessels in the vicinity of developing gonads by three days (gonadal PGCs). The principal mechanism responsible for the subsequent migration of gonadal PGCs is assumed to be amoeboid movements as in the case of tissue PGCs. Notable amounts of PAS-positive glycogen were demonstrated in the cytoplasm of PGCs in all stages observed. They also contained yolk and lipids intracytoplasmically, the former dissipating in relatively early stages of development. Electron microscopic observation revealed the electron-opaque, “fragmented nucleolus” in the large nucleus (8 μm in diameter), which represented another prominent feature of chick PGCs. PGCs contained a well developed Golgi complex and endoplasmic reticulum.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091850203
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  • 150
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    Numerical density of nuclei in the sheep placentaThis work was supported by United States Public Health Grants HD-00781 and HD-01866. F. T. was supported by a Medical Research Council of Canada postdoctoral fellowship. (1976)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 185 (1976), S. 187-196 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: A method is described for estimating the number of nuclei of different cell types in the sheep placenta. The method was applied to the study of six placentas of different ages and the results have been correlated with data on the chemical composition and the physiology of the ovine placenta. In agreement with studies of placental DNA content, there is no demonstrable increase in the total number of placental nuclei in the last two months of gestation. However, the number of fetal mesenchymal nuclei decreases and there is a concomitant increase of fetal endothelial nuclei from 80 days to term. These changes correlate with a decrease in volume of the core of the placental villi and increase in umbilical blood flow.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091850206
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  • 151
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    Masthead (1976)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 185 (1976) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091850301
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  • 152
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    Astrocytic gap junctions in the rat lateral hypothalamic area (1976)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 185 (1976), S. 247-251 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: An extensive system of gap or nexus junctions has been found between astrocytic processes in the neuropil of the lateral hypothalamic area in the albino rat. These specialized interastrocytic junctions occur in regions of high synaptic density where neural processes are separated by the interconnected glial system. In this study, 90% of the gap junctions observed in the lateral hypothalamic neuropil are in the immediate proximity of synaptic terminals. The close morphological relationship of these glial gap junctions with synaptic contacts suggests that they may play a significant role in the process of synaptic transmission.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091850211
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  • 153
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    A light and electron microscopic investigation of the hepatic parenchyma of the adult newt, Notophthalmus viridescensThis study was supported by ACS IN-105. (1976)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 185 (1976), S. 313-323 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: This light and electron microscopic study demonstrates that the liver of the adult newt, Notophthalmus viridescens, consists of a mass of hepatocytes interrupted by blood sinusoids which allow blood to percolate through the parenchyma. The plates separating adjacent sinusoids are usually two or more cells thick and the bile canaliculi lie between 2-6 neighboring cells. Fine structural characteristics of hepatocytes include abundant lipid and glycogen inclusions. Melanophores with developing melanosomes are situated throughout the hepatic parenchyma.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091850305
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  • 154
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    Cell associations and surface features in cultures of juvenile rat seminiferous tubules (1976)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 185 (1976), S. 333-357 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Short pieces of seminiferous tubules from juvenile rats were grown in tissue culture and studied by phase contrast light microscopy while living and by transmission and scanning electron microscopy after fixation and appropriate processing. The pieces of tubules remodeled in vitro, with the original explant becoming surrounded closely by a sheet of epithelioid cells and more peripherally by elongate cells. The epithelioid cells were identifiable as Sertoli cells because of the presence of characteristic Sertoli-Sertoli cell junctions near their upper surface. The elongate cells were derived from peritubular tissues, but could not be specifically identified as to cell type. Clusters of stellate cells and of round cells were present on the upper surface of the Sertoli cell sheets, but not on the elongate cells or the bare floor of the culture dish. The stellate cells were spermatogonia and the round cells were spermatocytes, as identified by fine structural features. Intercellular bridges were maintained between germ cells in culture without being surrounded by processes of Sertoli cells. Rudimentary junctions were present between germ cells and Sertoli cells in culture. The shape of germ cells in vitro was the same as the shape in situ, indicating that shape is an inherent feature of germ cells and is not determined by surrounding Sertoli cells.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091850307
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  • 155
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    Masthead (1976)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 185 (1976) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091850401
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  • 156
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    Scanning electron microscopy of cell surfaces following removal of extracellular material (1976)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 185 (1976), S. 433-445 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The application of scanning electron microscopy to the study of cell surfaces is limited in intact tissues, because extracellular material may often obscure the details of nonluminal surfaces. To remove connective tissue elements we have treated human skin and both kidney, and an autonomic ganglion of the rat with hydrochloric acid and collagenase. Regional variations in the basal surface of the nephron are noted following removal of the basement membrane. The basilar interdigitations of the cells of the proximal tubule appeared as parallel ridges encircling the tubule. Ridges on the parietal epithelium of Bowman's capsule were randomly arranged and alternated with smooth surfaces. The dermal surface of the human epidermis has an alveolar or honeycomb appearance due to the elevation of the epidermal ridges and numerous pits for the dermal pegs. At higher magnifications the basal surface of cells of the stratum germinativum possessed numerous and irregular projections. Neurons with their processes are evident in the autonomic ganglion. The soma of the neurons are enclosed by flattened satellite cells. Irregular spaces between opposed satellite cells are interpreted as regions for the passage of processes related to the ganglion cells. Nodes of Ranvier were clearly seen along nerve fibers. Some pitting of the nerve fibers was also noted. The HCl-collagenase method has the advantage of the removal of collagen and basement membrane while preserving the structural integrity of the cell surface.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091850405
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    Comparative ultrastructural analysis of two tortoise bladders, Testudo graeca and Geochelone carbonariaWith the financial aid of U.S.P.H.S., National Institute of Arthritis, Metabolism, and Digestive Diseases, Grant AM 13659, and National Heart and Lung Institute, Grant HL 06285. (1976)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 184 (1976), S. 97-109 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Urinary bladders from the desert tortoises, Testudo graeca and Geochelone carbonaria were removed at specific times during the year and studied by electron microscopy. Three epithelial cell types were found in both species in all bladders examined: (1) granular cells, (2) mitochondria-rich cells, and (3) basal cells. Cells analogous to these three types have also been observed in amphibian bladders (from to ad Bufo marinus and bullfrog, Rana catesbiana) and reptilian bladders (from Pseudemys scripta and Clemmys caspica). Both tortoises have an incomplete layer of basal cells so that the granular and mitochondria-rich cells extend from the lumen to the basement membrane: some thing not observed in bladders from bullfrog or turtles. A flask-shaped light cell was observed in the Geochelone carbonaria bladder obtained in April. No counterpart of this cell was seen in the same species sacrificed in January, or in any of the Testudo graeca bladders, although a similar cell has been described in the turtle, Pseudemys scripta (Rosen, Expt. Molec. Path., 12: 286-296, 1970). This study was undertaken to characterize the cell types present in tortoise bladder and to compare them with cell types in the bladder of the turtle, bullfrog and toad.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091840108
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    The nonuniform distribution of acidic components on the human placental syncytial trophoblast surface membrane: A cytochemical and analytical studyThis work was supported by National Institute of Health Traineeship GM02016 (D.M.N.), National Institute of Child Health and Human Development grants #5 R01 HD06415 (A.C.E.) and #HED 5 R01 HDO 7562 (C.H.S.), and the National Foundation for March of Dimes grant #CRBS - 309 (C.H.S.). (1976)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 184 (1976), S. 159-181 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The surface coat of syncytial trophoblast from term human placentas was studied using cytochemical methods (colloidal iron, alcian bluelanthanum nitrate, dialyzed iron) in coordination with tissue enzyme digestions (trypsin, neuraminidase) and sialic acid analyses. The presence of at least two highly acidic anionic components that contribute significantly to the surface negativity of trophoblast has been demonstrated. The first of these, sialic acid, was removed with neuraminidase. Tissue digestion with this glycosidase was accompanied by a decrease in trophoblast surface staining with colloidal iron, a decrease in tissue sialic acid, and an increase in the concentration of sialic acid in the incubating medium. Results from methylation experiments were consistent with the presence of sialic acid. The second anionic component(s) was identified by removal with trypsin of a glycocalyx constituent that stained with both colloidal iron and lanthanum. After trypsinization, tissue sialic acid levels were not significantly different from control values, and no detectable sialic acid was present in the incubating medium. The identity of this anionic component has not been established. Both sialic acid and nonsialic acid acidic components are distributed in higher density on membrane of microvilli than on intermicrovillous surface membrane. In addition, the sialic acid moieties appear to be clustered in the glycocalyx.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091840204
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  • 159
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    Demonstration of a cytochemical difference between the tubulovesicles and plasmalemma of gastric parietal cells by ATPase and NPPase reactions (1976)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 184 (1976), S. 251-264 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Pieces of rat and human gastric mucosa were fixed in glutaraldehyde and paraformaldehyde and were processed by the methods of Wach-stein-Meisel and of Ernst for the cytochemical demonstration of adenosine triphosphatase (ATPase) and p-nitrophenylphosphatase (NPPase) respectively. Electron microscopic examination of reacted sections revealed the ATPase reaction to be localized to the plasmalemma and to mitochondrial cristae and the NPPase reaction to the plasmalemma. The tubulovesicles were unreactive. By thus demonstrating a cytochemical difference between the plasmalemma and tubulovesicle membrane, this study suggests that the tubulovesicles do not represent an extension of or reserve of mature plasmalemma. If the tubulovesicles represent a reserve of membrane that can be rapidly utilized to expand the plasmalemma, then these studies suggest that additional membrane constituents are added, activated, or unmasked in the process.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091840210
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    An autoradiographic study of tritiated uridine incorporation into the larval ovary of Xenopus laevisThis work was supported by a Science Research Council Studentship awarded to the author and was submitted in partial fulfillment for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy. (1976)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 184 (1976), S. 285-299 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The in vitro incorporation of 3H-5-uridine into the germinal and somatic cells of the larval ovary of Xenopus laevis has been studied using both light and electron microscope autoradiography. Incubation for only one hour in the presence of precursor revealed that the follicle cells are highly active in rRNA synthesis, whereas substantial oogonial nucleolar labeling was not detected for several hours. Semi-quantitative analysis of high-resolution autoradiograms indicated that the density of silver grains associated with “nuage” in oogonia was almost 4-fold greater than the surrounding cytoplasm. This strongly suggests that a significant amount of RNA is associated with “nuage” at this stage of Xenopus oogenesis, in addition to its well documented protein composition. “Pulse-chase” experiments further suggest that the nuage-associated RNA is stable for at least 24 hours. These results are discussed (within the limitations imposed by the methodology) both in relation to other studies on the composition of nuage in a wide variety of germinal cell types and in the light of growing speculation that nuage and germinal granules are synonymous.
    Additional Material: 1 Tab.
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    Circadian influence on the frequency of labeled mitoses method in the stratified squamous epithelium of the mouse esophagus and tongue (1976)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 184 (1976), S. 265-273 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The frequency of labeled mitoses method (FLM) was used to study the cell kinetics in the stratified squamous epithelium of the mouse esophagus and tongue. FLMs were generated by injecting tritiated thymidine (TdR) at two different phases of the mouse circadian system: TdR was injected into one group of mice at 0900 and into a different, second group of mice at 2100. Three variables were monitored for each group; (1) the FLM, (2) the mitotic index and (3) the grain count over the labeled mitotic figures. In both the esophagus and the tongue there was a circadian rhythm in the mitotic index with the peak occurring during the first half of the diurnal phase and the trough occurring during the first half of the nocturnal phase. The FLM curves from each group revealed the following data: TextTransit time in G2+1/2M (TG2+1/2M)Transit time in S phase (TS)hourshoursEsophagus  -  TdR at 09002.55.3Esophagus  -  TdR at 21004.53.5Tongue  -  TdR at 09004.25.1Tongue  -  TdR at 21004.25.5Second waves of labeled mitoses were seen in the esophagus and tongue when TdR was injected at 0900. No second wave of labeled mitoses occurred in either the esophagus or the tongue when TdR was injected at 2100. For the esophagus the grain counts of the labeled mitotic figures in each group indicated that the rate of DNA synthesis was greater during late S phase, whether the TdR was injected at 0900 or 2100. During most of the S phase the rate of DNA synthesis was significantly greater in the TdR at 2100 group, which is the time of the circadian system when the esophagus demonstrated a relatively short Ts. In the epithelium of the tongue there were a few statistical differences in the rate of DNA synthesis between the groups and during the duration of the S phase within either group, but these data were difficult to interpret.The data demonstrate the influence of the circadian system in cell kinetic work and in the interpretation of data obtained with the FLM in renewing populations of cells which are not totally asynchronous.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091840302
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    Quantitation of ultrastructural changes in the mouse pineal in response to continuous illuminationThis work was supported by NIH Grant HD 08759. (1976)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 184 (1976), S. 311-323 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Adult male mice were exposed to either alternating illumination or constant illumination for 70 days. Light and dark pinealocytes were compared as to distribution within the gland and ultrastructure. Quantitative studies with the electron microscope revealed a significant reduction in pinealocyte size and Golgi complex size in constant light treatment, as well as a marked but non-significant reduction in the concentration of lipid droplets and irregular vacuoles. Under constant light treatment the cross-sectional area of pinealocyte pericapillary terminals and the number of granulated vesicles per terminal decreased significantly. A greater number of mitochondria appeared swollen, with rarified matrix and reduced numbers of cristae, with constant light treatment.These results provide ultrastructural correlation with the known reduction of pineal weight, protein synthesis and antigonadotrophic activity that is seen with constant light treatment. The marked decrease in concentration of pinealocyte granulated vesicles in constant light treatment gives morphological support to the theory that these vesicles contain antigonadotrophic secretory material.
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  • 163
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    Reproductive biology of the male leaf-nosed bat, Macrotus waterhousii in Southwestern United States (1976)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 184 (1976), S. 611-635 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The reproductive biology of the bat Macrotus waterhousii was investigated anatomically and physiologically several times monthly throughout the year.The male spermatogenic cycle is initiated in June; sperm are available in August. Testicular hypertrophy is accompanied by increased levels of testicular ascorbic acid and circulating plasma testosterone. Sperm are present in the seminiferous tubules and later the epididymides from August to early December. Regression in testicular size begins in late September and testes are involuted by early December. Levels of testicular ascorbic acid and plasma testosterone decline at this time, although detectable amounts of both are present year-round. Mature sperm are absent from the male tract after late November or early December.The accessory sex gland complex and Cowper's glands undergo an annual cycle in synchrony with the testicular cycle. The accessory complex contains fructose, the concentration of which varies seasonally in direct proportion to glandular hypertrophy. Only trace levels of fructose are elaborated by Cowper's glands.In contrast to vespertilionid bats, where the accessory glands remain enlarged and active when testes involute, those in Macrotus regress.The penis differs structurally from that of other temperate North American bats, primarily by lacking a bony baculum and specialized erectile accessory corpus cavernosus bodies.Males are not reproductively active in their first autumn.
    Additional Material: 13 Ill.
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  • 164
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    Folliculogenesis in the ovary of the mature mouse: A radioautographic studySupported by USPHS grants NS08949-06 and CA-16831-01. (1976)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 184 (1976), S. 699-709 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Studies on the growth sequence of follicles in mature mice four to six months old were conducted by giving three injections of 16 μCi tritiated thymidine (3H-T) / gm body weight at four hour intervals over a period of eight hours. Subsequent radioautographic analysis on ovaries obtained 1, 3, 5, 9 and 17 days after the last injection showed an overall follicle growth time of 17 to 19 days. The duration of the different follicle stage times were also estimated from radioautographic data. Intense 3H-T incorporation was noted in the developing antra and zona pellucida of follicles of animals sacrificed one and three days after treatment suggesting that these areas serve as precursor storage sites during development. Oocytes of follicles in early antrum formation also showed juxtanucleolar 3H-T incorporation concomitantly with rapid and massive oocyte and follicular growth. The findings further indicate that the earliest follicular cells surrounding the oocyte originate at some distance from the developing primordial follicle.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091840409
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  • 165
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    Mechanical properties and histology of cortical bone from younger and older men This research was supported in part by Research Grant AM-03865 from the National Institutes of Health, Department of Health, Education, and Welfare. (1976)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 185 (1976), S. 1-11 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Tensile breaking load, strength, strain, modulus of elasticity and density plus the histological structure at the fracture site, were determined for 207 standardized specimens of cortical bone from the embalmed femur, tibia, and fibula of 17 men from 36 to 75 years of age. The men were divided into a younger group (41.5 years old-avg) and an older group (71 years old-avg). Specimens from younger men had a greater average breaking load, strength, strain, modulus and density than those from older men. The percentage of spaces in the break area was greater in specimens from older men, but specimens from younger men had a slightly greater percentage of osteons, osteon fragments, and interstitial lamellae. The number of osteons/mm2 and of osteon fragments/mm2 was greater in specimens from older men but the average area/osteon and area/osteon fragment was greater in specimens from younger men. Thus, there are quantitative and qualitative differences in the histological structure of bone from younger and older men. Differences in the tensile properties of bone from younger and older men can be explained by histological differences in the bone.
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    Studies of the hemopoietic microenvironment. VIII andrenergic and cholinergic innervation of the murine spleenSupported in part by NIH AM-10507 and the S. W. Ohio Heart Association. (1976)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 185 (1976), S. 109-117 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Neurohistochemical techniques were used to confirm morphologically the distribution of adrenergic and cholinergic nerves to the splenic microvasculature. The results form the basis of this report.Using these methods, adrenergic innervation was observed only in the adventitia of arteries and arterioles. No cholinergic innervation was found in this site. No adrenergic or cholinergic innervation could be demonstrated to the channels of the red pulp, venules or veins. These data provided morphological evidence that in the murine spleen only splenic arteries and arterioles are innervated; and these have only an adrenergic innervation.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091850111
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  • 167
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    Catecholamine-sensitive adenylate cyclase in the developing golden hamster palate (1976)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 185 (1976), S. 125-137 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The present study was initiated to determine whether specific hormones would influence adenylate cyclase activity within the maxillary-palatal complex during formation of the hamster secondary palate. Stages from initial appearance of the palatal processes to shortly after birth were studied. Highest basal adenylate cyclase activities occurred during the earliest periods of palate development. This basal enzyme activity began to diminish as palatal fusion occurred and remained lowered until birth. Activation of adenylate cyclase by fluoride was maximal at concentrations of 5-10 mM, and was observed throughout the span of palatal development. Fluoride activation of adenylate cyclase was greatest prior to fusion of the palatal processes, then decreased until birth when a slightly increased enzymatic stimulation was seen. Norepinephrine and epinephrine were the catecholamines most capable of inducing increased activation of adenylate cyclase at most periods of palatal growth. Increased enzyme activity in the presence of norepinephrine was more susceptible to antagonism by the beta adrenergic agent, propranolol, than to the alpha adrenergic agent, phentolamine. The remaining catecholamines, namely isoproterenol and dopamine, displayed a lesser ability to activate the enzyme, and adenylate cyclase was not equally responsive to these catecholamines at identical developmental stages. Other hormones, i.e., histamine, serotonin, thyrotropin, growth hormone, thyroxine and glucagon were generally ineffective in activating the enzyme. Phosphodiesterase activity was not detected until shortly before birth.
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    Specialized junction in the distal convoluted tubule of rat kidneySupported in part by a Grant-in-Aid from the Westchester Heart Association and USPHS Grant HL-13742. (1976)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 185 (1976), S. 197-207 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The ultrastructure and permeability of the apical junctions between epithelial cells of the distal nephron have been studied in rat kidney using a colloidal lanthanum tracer and uranyl acetate staining en bloc. The apical intercellular junctions of the macula densa and juxtaglomerular segment of the early distal convoluted tubule measure up to 0.5 μ in length and about 50 Å in width. Lanthanum permeates the occluding portion of these junctions in a discontinuous manner, defining a series of closely spaced and parallel lines of fusion that run in a direction perpendicular to the apical-basal axis of the tubular cells. The apical junctions of the remainder of the distal convoluted and cortical collecting tubules are impermeable to lanthanum. This distinctive apical tight junction can account for the greater permeability to ions of the early distal convoluted vs. late distal convoluted and cortical collecting tubules.
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  • 169
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    The number of satellite cells in normal human muscle (1976)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 185 (1976), S. 279-287 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The satellite cell population in skeletal muscles of ten normal subjects aged 7 to 73 years was quantitated by electron microscopy. In all 1,414 nuclei were assessed. Satellite cell nuclei comprised 4% (standard deviation 2%) of all nuclei within the fibre basal lamina. The lowest incidence (0.6%) was found in a 73-year-old man. The study confirms, that satellite cells are regularly present in human skeletal muscle.
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  • 170
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    The growth of the oocyte and follicle in the ovaries of monotremes and marsupials (1976)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 185 (1976), S. 325-331 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Oocyte growth in relation to follicular growth in marsupials conforms to the uniform biphasic pattern characteristic of eutherian mammals. However, the oocyte of the marsupial is larger and completes growth in a correspondingly larger follicle. At the completion of oocyte growth the follicle, like that of eutherians, shows no appreciable accumulation of follicular fluid. The ratio of oocyte/follicular diameter in marsupials at this stage is 0.59, a value close to that of 0.55 for eutherian mammals. The oocyte nucleus of the marsupial is also significantly larger than that of the eutherian, but the oocyte nucleolus is approximately the same diameter.By contrast, the growth of the oocyte in relation to the follicle in monotremes is linear throughout the whole period of follicular growth. However, like eutherians and marsupials oocyte nuclear and oocyte nucleolar growth are arrested in the early stages of follicular growth. The diameters of the oocyte nucleus and nucleolus at the completion of growth are approximately twice those found in marsupials.It is concluded that the growth patterns of the oocyte nucleus and nucleolus are common to all mammals but that the biphasic pattern of oocyte and follicular growth which is characteristic of eutherian and marsupial ovaries is not found in the monotremes.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091850306
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  • 171
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    Crystalloid configurations in the adrenal cortex of the Siamese tree shrew (Tupaia glis) (1976)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 185 (1976), S. 381-387 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Crystalloids of what appear to be smooth reticulum have been observed in the zona fasciculata and zona reticularis in both the stressed and nonstressed adrenal gland of the Siamese tree shrew (Tupaia glis). No crystalloids are observed in the zona glomerulosa. Similar crystalloids have been described in other steroid-secreting organs, including the antebrachial organ of the lemur (Lemur catta), the parotoid gland of Bufo alvarius and in sebaceous gland cells of the Galagos and Macaques. Moreover, the crystalloids in the present investigation resemble the paracrystalline arrays of smooth reticulum present in the adrenal cortex of the fetal guinea pig. The crystalloids show much variation in degree of organization, sometimes appearing as wavy tubules parallel with one another or as fused tubules having a “donut” configuration. In addition, the crystalloids are nearly identical to configurations which have been described in mitochondrial cristae of the protozoan, Pelomyxa carolinensis.
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  • 172
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    The postnatal development of the junctional complexes of the mouse Sertoli cells as revealed by freeze-fracture (1976)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 185 (1976), S. 403-417 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Mouse testes of newborn to adult were examined by freezefracture. Between the newborn Sertoli cells, gap junctions consisting of aggregations of the intramembranous particles (about 8 nm in diameter) are frequently found. Some of the junctions are about 1 μm in diameter and show particle-free regions in the aggregation. Linear arrangements of a few particles, which appear to be the initial formation of the occluding junctions, are seen in the newborn Sertoli cells. The occluding junctions are arranged in a meshwork, in which the gap junctions are situated between the stages of newborn to six days of age. The particles of the occluding junctions are predominantly located on the B face in the center of the groove instead of the A face of the ridge. The occluding junctions do not appear to surround the entire circumference of the Sertoli cell of the 6-day-old mouse. The gap junctions decrease in size. In later stages, many parallel occluding junctions (up to forty in number) are found over one Sertoli cell surface and are distributed circumferentially around the entire cell surface, indicating establishment of the blood-testis barrier. The occluding junctions dominate and the gap junctions diminish in number as development proceeds.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091850403
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  • 173
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    Ultrastructure of the pars intermedia of pigmented rats: Observations of melanin-like granules within secretory cells (1976)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 186 (1976), S. 69-77 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The pars intermedia of non-obese pigmented rats of the Zucker strain is described using transmission electron microscopy. Secretory cells appear similar to those described elsewhere in albino rodent hypophyses. Cells which may be equivalent to ACTH cells of non-pigmented mice and rats are observed near theborder of the pars distalis. Melanocytes are observed to surround lobules of the pars intermedia and to penetrate among secretory cells. In addition, large granules which appear to be melanin are present within some pars intermedia cells. Portions of some cells near melanin or melanin-like granules exhibit expanded rough endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi zones containing dense granules. Observations are discussed in relation to origin of the melanin, and its possible significance near cells known to produce melanocyte-stimulating hormone (MSH).
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091860106
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    Response of tanycytes of rat median eminence to intraventricular administration of colchicine and vinblastineSupported in part by: HEW-NIH Grant no. CA-14089. Los Angeles County/USC Cancer Center.Supported in part by: HEW-NCI Grant no. 1-T01-CA 05297-01. Los Angeles County/USC Cancer Training Program.Supported in part by: HEW-NIH Grant no. HD 08924-01. (1976)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 184 (1976), S. 233-249 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The effects of colchicine and vinblastine on tanycytes of the rat median eminence have been studied using the electron microscope. Colchicine and vinblastine were administered by intraventricular cannulation into the third ventricle and demonstrated distinct morphological effects on tanycyte microtubules. Highest drug doses administered were 50.0 μg in 5.0 μl of saline initially, followed by an additional 50.0 μg of these agents infused in a volume of 13.0 μl saline over an hour. Colchicine treatment resulted in the formation of large crystalloids within tanycytes, coincident with the disappearance of microtubules, all along the ventricular surface. Nonetheless the tanycytes appeared able to maintain a continuous tight lining, as in controls, although some crystalloids were observed beneath the ventricular surface, either within tanycyte processes or within neuronal processes. Vinblastine treatment also resulted in the formation of identical crystalloids but at highest doses thoroughly destroyed the tanycyte lining of the median eminence and exposed cellular elements below the surface to the drug. Portal capillaries approaching the ventricular surface were generally free of any signs of drug response to either colchicine or vinblastine.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091840209
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    Quantitative studies of lymphocytes and other cell populations in the bone marrow of neonatally thymectomized C3H mice (1976)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 184 (1976), S. 325-333 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The effects of neonatal thymectomy on the development of the lymphoid, erythroid and granulocytic cell populations in mouse bone marrow have been assessed by quantitative techniques. The numbers per unit volume of bone marrow of 17 cell types were determined in neonatally thymectomized and sham thymectomized C3H mice at two, four and eight weeks of age, and compared with those of normal C3H mice. After neonatal thymectomy the numbers of small lymphocytes, large and medium-sized lymphoid cells, and erythroid cells reached normal levels at two weeks but fell progressively to 18%, 22% and 42% of normal, respectively, by eight weeks. In sham thymectomized mice these cell populations did not differ significantly from normal. Immature and mature granulocytes were elevated in numbers two weeks after either neonatal thymectomy or sham thymectomy, suggesting a transient non-specific stimulation of granulocytopoiesis. During continuous infusion of 3H-thymidine for ten days in neonatally thymectomized mice aged four weeks and eight weeks many bone marrow small lymphocytes remained unlabeled. The results demonstrate that early postnatal development of bone marrow lymphoid and erythroid cells proceeds normally in the absence of the thymus, in accord with the concept of the bone marrow as a primary site of lymphocyte production and differentiation. In addition, some slowly-renewing small lymphocytes in bone marrow appear to be thymus-independent cells.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091840307
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    The use of ultraviolet light to induce melanogenesis in the epidermis of the rhesus monkey: An ultrastructural and biochemical studyPublication No. 818 of the Oregon Regional Primate Research Center supported in part by Public Health Service, National Institutes of Health Grants RR 00163 of the Animal Resources Branch, and AM 08445 of the National Institute of Arthritis and Metabolic Diseases.Presented, in part, at the 87th Annual Session of the American Association of Anatomists, Cleveland, Ohio, 1974. (Anat. Rec., 178: 351, 1974). (1976)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 184 (1976), S. 637-646 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The general body epidermis of the rhesus monkey (Macaca mulatta) contains no discernible melanocytes, but after repeated ultraviolet irradiation DOPA-positive melanocytes appear and increase numerically up to 30 exposures. With continued irradiation, however, the number again declines.Experiments to determine how melanogenic activity, assayed by the incorporation of labeled DOPA or tyrosine, is related to DOPA positivity indicated that biochemical activity corresponded to the histochemical pattern. Ultrastructural studies demonstrated that after the exposure to ultraviolet light, a pool of indeterminate cells in the skin of rhesus monkeys developed into melanocytes. The melanosomes formed by these cells, however, differed from the eumelanin melanosomes described in other species; they had no internal filamentous matrix with periodicity but appeared similar to phaeomelanin melanosomes. Long term ultraviolet light irradiation may damage keratinocytes and render them incapable of phagocytizing melanosomes.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091840404
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    Morphological changes in the midpiece of wooly opossum spermatozoa during epididymal transitSupported by USPHS Grant HD-04290. (1976)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 186 (1976), S. 387-403 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Several ultrastructural changes were found to occur in the midpiece region of wooly opossum spermatozoa during epididymal maturation. The changes include alterations in mitochondrial morphology, development of structural specializations of the plasma membrane, and acquisition of a prominent extracellular coating. The lamellar membrane network which is wound about the periphery of the mitochondria becomes more densely packed during sperm development and the reticular network of membranes noted in the center of the mitochondria of immature sperm disappears leaving a homogeneous electron dense central zone. During epididymal transit the plasma membrane over the sperm midpiece region shows extensive structural modification. In cross sections of paired spermatozoa the plasma membrane of the midpiece regions shows a very regular, repetitive scalloping. Inlongitudinal sections the scalloping is observed as continuous parallel ridges which extend slightly obliquely to the flagellar long axis. Each ridge appears to be greater in density than the interridge areas. In theepididymis a prominent extracellular coating of dense material is reposited over the midpiece surface; thismaterial is similar in appearance to dense material seen in restricted areas of the epididymal lumen. At the proximal and distal ends of the midpiece the plasma membrane comes into intimate contact with underlying structural specializations and it is suggested that these zones of fusion may serve to preserve regional differences in membrane composition.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091860304
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  • 178
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    Microblebs of intestinal epithelial cell microvilli of Citellus tridecemlineatus (1976)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 185 (1976), S. 77-83 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The presence of microblebs arising from the lateral surfaces and tips of microvilli of intestinal epithelial cells of thirteen-lined ground squirrels. Citellus tridecemlineatus, is reported. Microblebs measure ∼ 50 nm in diameter and are bounded by a unit membrane which is continuous with the unit plasma membrane of the microvilli. It is suggested that such microblebbing reflects the rapid turnover of microvillar contents, membrane and surface coat.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091850107
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  • 179
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    Urogenital anomalies in fetal rats produced by the anticancer agent 4(5)-(3,3-dimethyl-1-triazeno) imidazole-4-carboxamide (1976)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 186 (1976), S. 461-469 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Pregnant Wistar rats injected intraperitoneally on gestational day 12 with single doses (100-1,000 mg/kg) or 600 mg/kg of 4(5)-(3,3-dimethyl-1-triazeno)imidazole-4-carboxamide (DIC) were autopsied on day 21 (100-1,000 mg/kg) or at 24-hour intervals on days 13-20 (600 mg/kg). Controls received CMC on the same schedule. All fetuses were weighed and examined for urogenital system (UGS) malformations. Those given 600 mg/kg were also studied histologically.DIC produced significant growth retardation at all doses on day 21 (18-72%). UGS malformations occurred in 27-67% of the fetuses at 200-400 mg/kg and in 100% of those given 600 mg/kg or more of DIC. Abnormalities included renal growth inhibition, fusion, ectopia, and ureteropelvic dilatation. At 600 mg/kg renal and body weights were reduced 40 and 55%, respectively. Ureteropelvic dilatation was common, and cortical glomeruli, nephric collecting tubules, and papillae were retarded in development. The juxtamedullary glomeruli were well developed. Proximal nephric tubular mitotic activity was 85% greater than in control animals (day 17).On the basis of pertinent morphological and physiological data, it is postulated that the dilated upper urinary tracts represent functional hydronephrosis incident to severe renal retardation and its resultant compensatory response.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091860311
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  • 180
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    The mammalian rete testis  -  a morphological examination (1976)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 186 (1976), S. 493-523 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The fine structure of the rete testis was examined in several primates, domestic animals and rodents. The rete testis consists of a series of interconnected wide channels lined with a simple cuboidal to columnar epithelium, resting on a thick basal lamina. Beneath the basal lamina dense bundles of collagen fibrils and a few blood vessels, lymphatics or nerve tissue are found. The epithelial cells are characterized by large, deeply indented nuclei, spherical or short rod-shaped mitochondria, supranuclear Golgi profiles, some cisterns of rough endoplasmic reticulum, free ribosomes and numerous micropinocytotic vesicles in the ectoplasmic regions. Smooth endoplasmic reticulum, secretory granules, lysosomes or other types of dense bodies are rarely seen. The apical surface of the cells bears numerous microvilli and a single very long flagellum which is presumed to be motile. Adjoining lateral cell membranes exhibit a juxtaluminal tight junction, elaborate interdigitations and desmosomes. The basal plasma membrane is highly irregular greatly increasing its surface area of contact with the underlying interstitium. The nuclei of the rete epithelial cells contain pale-staining, spherical structures, 2 m̈ in diameter, composed of circularly oriented fine filaments. The significance of the nuclear structures remains unknown. Thorotrast was injected into the lumen of the hamster and rat rete testis and 30 minutes later the proximal portion of the excurrent duct system of the testis was prepared for electron microscopy. Whereas the ductuli efferentes and first part of the epididymis possessed numerous apical vesicles filled with the thorotrast, this electron opaque substance was rarely found in the epithelium of the rete testis. Thus, incorporation of particulate matter into the lining cells of the rete from its lumen is apparently less active than in the epithelium of the ductuli and epididymis. Vascularly introduced intercellular tracer compounds such as lanthanum nitrate or horseradish peroxidase did not enter the lumen of the rete testis from the interstitium. These tracer molecules appeared to be blocked by the juxtaluminal tight junction separating adjacent epithelial cells. This latter observation suggests that a blood-testis barrier exists at the level of the rete testis epithelium. Although physiological studies have indicated that the composition of fluid secreted in the seminiferous epithelium is considerably modified in the rete testis, the present morphological study does not provide additional evidence to support a secretory or absorptive function for this region of the excurrent duct system of the testis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091860404
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  • 181
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    Light microscopic and ultrastructural observations of the calcifying zone of the mandibular condyle in the rat (1976)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 185 (1976), S. 171-185 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The hypertrophic stage of development of the rat mandibular condyle was investigated in 16 and 26-day-old rats by electron microscopy. Interest was focused on the zone of mineralization and erosion. It was observed that capillaries invaded the lower level of the hypertrophic zone, without any previous chondroclastic resorption of calcified partitions. The partitions surrounding the hypertrophic chondrocytes were not mineralized around their entire circumference at the level of capillary penetration. The capillaries were accompanied by perivascular cells but these showed no similarities to chondroclasts. Multinucleated chondro- or osteoclasts were however present at a lower level of the subchondral area. It is suggested that there are no inherent differences with respect to the pattern of mineralization and erosion between the epiphyseal growth plate and the developing mandibular condyle.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091850205
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  • 182
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    DNA synthesis and cell proliferation in the simple liver acinus of 10 to 20-day-old rats: Evidence for cell fusion (1976)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 184 (1976), S. 679-687 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Radioautography after 3H-thymidine injection, mitotic arrest by colchicine and camera lucida drawings were used to study DNA synthesis, mitosis, formation of binucleated cells and morphogenesis in the simple liver acinus of Rappaport in 10-20-day old rats. By ten days the arrangement of hepatic cell plates had already attained the adult configuration  -  irregular and thick in acinar zone 1 (periportal), straight and thin in acinar zone 3 (pericentral). The DNA synthetic index of parenchymal and bile duct cells slowly decreased during the observation period. Zonal labeling remained steady in the relationship: zone 1 〉 zone 2 〉 zone 3. Mitosis of parenchymal and bile duct cells reached a peak at 12 days, decreasing slowly thereafter. Mitosis also exhibited the relationship zone 1 〉 zone 2 〉 zone 3. The number of binucleated cells remained constant until after day 14 when it increased rapidly. Zonal distribution of binucleated cells was just the reverse of that for DNA synthesis and mitosis, that is zone 3 〉 zone 2 〉 zone 1. Radioautographic studies of binucleated cells labeled with 3H-thymidine indicated that a small percentage of them were formed by fusion of mononucleated cells.Conclusions are: (1) the 10-20-day old rat liver is expanding its cell population primarily in acinar zones 1 and 2 while overt differentiation is occurring in acinar zone 3, (2) ingestion of solid food around day 16 may be related to binucleated cell production due in part to altered portal venous blood changing the cellular microenvironments, (3) binucleated cells arise by suppression of cytokinesis, cell fusion and/or other non-mitotic routes.
    Additional Material: 11 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091840407
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  • 183
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    Anchoring device between Sertoli cells and late spermatids in rat seminiferous tubules (1976)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 185 (1976), S. 259-277 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Near the end of spermiogenesis, the late spermatids remain attached to the superficial layer of the seminiferous epithelium for an appreciable period of time (i.e., 3 to 4 days). The sickle-shaped heads of the spermatids are embedded in an apical process of Sertoli cell cytoplasm which is connected to the rest of the cell by a narrow stalk. In the concavity of the head several long (2-3 μm) and very narrow (50 nm) tubular projections of the spermatid's plasma membrane invaginate the Sertoli cell cytoplasm. These tubular processes terminate by a bulbous swelling which may measure up to 1 μm in diameter. Along the process the plasma membrane of the Sertoli cell is closely apposed to the spermatid's membrane, the intercellular space being only 6-8 nm wide. In the Sertoli cytoplasm immediately surrounding the tubular portion of the structure there is an accumulation of filamentous material, while next to the bulbous extremity there are, at a short distance, smooth surfaced cisternae of endoplasmic reticulum. The whole structure was referred to as a tubulobulbar complex. These complexes, of which there are up to 24 per spermatid, appear as these cells complete their migration toward the apex of the Sertoli cells. They disappear just before the release of the spermatids in the lumen of the seminiferous tubule as a result of the fragmentation of the spermatid's plasma membrane followed by a resorption of the Sertoli plasma membrane. Morphological evidence suggests that the tubulobulbar complexes serve as anchoring devices that retain the spermatids at the surface of the seminiferous epithelium while their dissolution contributes in part to the process of spermiation. Similar tubulobulbar complexes were also formed by the plasma membranes of two adjacent Sertoli cells close to the Sertoli-Sertoli tight junctions near the tubular limiting membrane.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091850302
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  • 184
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    Adrenergic and cholinergic innervation of the arteriovenous anastomosis in the rabbit's ear (1976)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 185 (1976), S. 373-379 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The distribution of adrenergic and cholinergic nerves in the arteriovenous anastomosis in the rabbit's ear was studied light microscopically using specific histochemical techniques for catecholamines and acetylcholinesterase.Histochemical observations were made with whole stretch preparations and cryostat or paraffin sections. Both kinds of nerves showed similar distribution, though the adrenergic innervation was denser than the cholinergic one. The intermediate segments of the anastomoses, which were characterized by a very thick wall, had the most dense innervation. The small arteries and arterial segments had a moderate innervation, whereas most of the small veins and venous segments had few nerve fibers.The segmental variation in the vasomotor nerve supply clearly suggests that the intermediate segment has the most active contractility. An unusually rich innervation in the anastomosis, therefore, indicates the significance of the neurogenic mechanisms in the vasomotor control of the anastomosis.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091850309
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  • 185
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    Parietal eye-pineal morphology in lizards and its physiological implications (1976)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 185 (1976), S. 419-431 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Pineal complexes in 85 species of lizards examined comprised seven morphological types. Members of the same family do not necessarily have the same pineal complex type. “Regressive” parietal eyes were not common except in certain arboreal lizards, primarily from the family Chameleontidae. The parietal eye is often retained in burrowing lizards, presumably because these animals are occasionally exposed to light and the parietal eye is a more suitable photoreceptor for a burrower than are lateral eyes. The pineal of certain lizards possesses a finger-like projection that extends toward the parietal eye. This extension, along with pineal wall convolutions, results in more photoreceptor cells oriented for maximal absorption of light. It is rare to find convolutions and an extension in the same pineal. Cartilage deposits and blood sinuses may modify the intensity and wavelength of light reaching the pineal. These observations suggest that the intracranial pineal of lizards is a more important photoreceptor than was previously realized, a situation that may be a factor in the occasional “failure” of parietalectomy experiments.
    Additional Material: 1 Tab.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091850404
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  • 186
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    Liver hepatocyte mitotic activity after a single injection of phenobarbital in immature male rats (1976)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 185 (1976), S. 447-451 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: In contrast to multiple injections of phenobarbital, a single injection of 50 mg/kg body wt of phenobarbital into immature male rats results, after a transient increase in hepatocyte mitotic activity, in a marked decrease in hepatocyte mitotic activity to below control levels by day 3, followed by a return to control levels by day 5. This unusual pattern of hepatocyte mitotic activity can be called forth again by a second injection of 50 mg phenobarbital/kg body wt.However, a single injection of 50 mg/kg body wt of phenobarbital into immature male rats results in a pattern of change of liver wet weight, protein, and aminopyrine demethylase activity which is similar to that observed after multiple injections of phenobarbital, except that the changes are smaller in magnitude. Liver wet weight, protein, and aminopyrine demethylase activity increase and reach a peak within two days after phenobarbital injection, and then they return to control levels by five days. The same pattern of change in liver wet weight, protein, and aminopyrine demethylase activity can be elicited again by a second injection of 50 mg phenobarbital/kg body wt.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091850406
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  • 187
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    Editorial comment  -  in honor of Edward Allen Boyden (1976)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 186 (1976), S. 1-13 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091860102
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  • 188
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    Analysis of cell populations of normal and injured mouse lens epithelium. II. Contribution of local and migrating cells to wound healingThis work was supported by Public Health Service Research Grant 5 R01-EY 00698-03, -04, -05 from the National Eye Institute. (1976)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 186 (1976), S. 115-120 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The contribution of progenitor cells in the normal peripheral region of mouse lens epithelium to healing of a centrally located wound was studied using an autoradiographic technique designed to follow migrating 3H-thymidine labeled cells. It was found that few progenitor cells labeled before or at the time of injury migrate toward the wound and hence contribute little to the repair of the wound. Moreover, the central injury did not delay or reverse the normal migration of the labeled peripheral cells in the opposite direction into the bow. It is concluded from this and other studies that a central injury to the mouse lens is healed mainly by numerous local cells which are stimulated for the most part to traverse one replicative cycle of normal duration, and that the injury does not affect formation of new lens fibers. These findings are thought to be related to the observed low incidence of traumatic cataract in the mouse.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091860109
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  • 189
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    Zonulae occludentes of the rat nephron under conditions of experimental expansion of blood and/or fluid volume (1976)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 186 (1976), S. 139-150 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The zonula occludens (Z.O.) has been implicated as a major pathway for passive fluid movement from lateral intercellular spaces to lumen in response to an expansion of blood or fluid volume. The present study examines the Z.O. of adult rat nephrons in control and Ringer-Locke or whole blood infused animals to determine whether varying the conditions of passive fluid movement would influence the structure of the Z.O. Rats were infused over 20 minutes with Ringer-Locke (7% body weight) or whole blood (2.3% body weight). In the controls, 92%-94% of all Z.O. observed in proximal tubules and 100% of Z.O. from distal tubules and collecting ducts had fused outer leaflets. The approximate linear extent of the Z.O. was 140 Å for proximal tubules, 2,500 ÅR for distal tubules and 3,000 ÅR for collecting ducts. There was no significant difference in any of these values following the infusion with either Ringer-Locke or whole blood. We conclude that expansion of blood or fluid volume causes no detectable alteration in the fine structure of Z.O. under the conditions used in the present study.
    Additional Material: 11 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091860202
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  • 190
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    Proceedings of the American Association of anatomists eighty-ninth meeting University of Louisville Health Sciences Center April 20, 21, 22, 23, 1976 (1976)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 186 (1976), S. 207-342 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091860207
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  • 191
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    Cell differentiation in the terminal tubule of fetal rat submandibular gland in organ culture (1976)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 184 (1976), S. 301-309 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Submandibular glands from 17-day-old rat fetuses were maintained in organ culture for five days in a medium consisting of Eagle's MEM (87%), horse serum (10%), and chick embryo extract (3%). Each day of the culture period explants were incubated for the demonstration of peroxidase activity and processed for light and electron microscopic observations. In some experiments cultures were exposed to 3H-thymidine one hour prior to fixation and incubation for the demonstration of peroxidase activity. Labelling index was determined using radioautographs of 1 μ Epon-embedded sections. At the time of explantation the submandibular gland rudiment consisted of undifferentiated epithelial cells arranged in cords. On day 3 of culture two additional cell types could be distinguished: terminal tubule cells and proacinar cells. The proacinar cells were characterized by peroxidase activity in their granules and cytoplasm. By day 4 acinar cells begin to appear. On the fifth day of culture the four cell types of the terminal tubule were present in the following proportions: undifferentiated cells, 44%; terminal tubule cells, 19%; proacinar cells, 31%; acinar cells, 6%. These results indicate that the cytodifferentiation of the secretory unit of rat submandibular gland in vitro is comparable to the differentiation in vivo.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091840305
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  • 192
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    DNA synthesis in the oocyte of the mature mouse: A radioautographic studySupported by Morrison Trust and USPHS Grants NS08949-06 and CA16831-01. (1976)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 186 (1976), S. 585-594 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Mice were injected three times over an 8-hour period with a total of 48 m̈ci 3H-T/gm of body weight and were sacrificed 1, 3, 5, 9 and 17 days afterwards. Radioautographs of the ovaries showed significantly higher grain counts in oocytes of follicles that are in the antrum formation stage. The radioautographic visualization of DNase digestible 3H-thymidine incorporation into the juxtanucleolar region in oocytes of mature mice occurs in association with oocyte growth in follicles that are in the antrum formation stage.The scheduled disappearance of this juxtanucleolar oocyte DNA and its label during later oocyte growth suggests a degradation or dispersion of this labeled DNA prior to ovulation.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091860408
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  • 193
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    A staging system for forelimb regeneration in the axolotl, Ambystoma mexicanumSupported by NIH training grant 5-T01-GM 00312 (PWT), the Muscular Dystrophy Association (BMC) and a Rackham Grant and NIH-HD 08150 (TGC). (1976)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 150 (1976), S. 117-128 
    Details
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: A staging system has been devised for normal regeneration from the upper arm in the mature axolotl. It consists of seven externally definable stages: (1) Wound healing (WH); (2) Dedifferentiation (DD); (3) Early bud (EB); (4) Medium bud (MB); (5) Late bud (LB); (6) Palette (Pal), and (7) Digital outgrowth (DO). Serial histological sections of 38 regenerating limbs were used to correlate gross stages with microscopic events in the regenerative process.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmor.1051500106
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  • 194
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    Masthead (1976)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 150 (1976) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmor.1051500201
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  • 195
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    Functional morphology of the feeding system in the ruff  -  Gymnocephalus cernua (L. 1758)  -  (Teleostei, Percidae) (1976)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 150 (1976), S. 399-422 
    Details
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: The ruff, Gymnocephalus cernua, is a European freshwater fish that feeds by sucking up small invertebrates from the bottom of ponds and slow flowing rivers. The feeding movements have been studied by simultaneous electromyography of seventeen muscles of the head and cinematographic techniques.A theoretical model of movements imposes the functional demands of suction upon an abstraction of the form of a teleost head. Three phases in the feeding act, a preparatory phase, a suction phase and a transport phase, could be correlated with the observed movements and EMGs. Differences between the predicted and the actual movement are discussed. Two different types of feeding occur. The direction, magnitude and duration of the suction forces during feeding are modified, according to the position of the prey. A mechanism preventing early mandibular depression allows sudden and strong suction. Retardation of the suspensorial abduction during the overall expansion of the buccal cavity is ascribed to kinetic interrelations with the hyoid arch. Protrusion of the upper jaws also permits an earlier closure of the mouth and directs the food-containing waterflow posteriorly. When the fish is feeding on sinking prey, protrusion occurs later in the sequence of movements than when it is feeding from the bottom. As the protruded jaws produce a downwardly pointed mouth this retardation aims the suction force.
    Additional Material: 18 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmor.1051500210
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  • 196
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    The characterization of granular amoebocytes and their possible roles in the asexual reproduction of the polystyelid ascidian, Polyzoa vesiculiphoraContributions from the Shimoda Marine Biological Station No. 301.The cost of this research has been partly defrayed from the Scientific Research Expenditures of the Department of Education of Japan and the Asahi Press. (1976)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 150 (1976), S. 623-637 
    Details
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: The blood cells in the bud and the zooid of the polystyelid ascidian, Polyzoa vesiculiphora, were examined by means of light and electron microscopy to identify the cells that have been named trophocytes. The large blood cells were abundant in the mesenchymal space of the bud, but not in that of the functional zooid. They contained glycogen particles, lipid droplets, large protein granules and autophagosomes in their cytoplasm and were identified as granular amoebocytes. The majority of these cells were specifically phagocytized by phagocytes during bud development and disappeared. These results indicate that the granular amoebocytes virtually represent trophocytes in Polyzoa and may participate in bud development via nutrient supply to the developing tissues.
    Additional Material: 2 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmor.1051500303
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    Observations on the ultrastructure of developing myocardium of rat embryos (1976)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 150 (1976), S. 681-709 
    Details
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Timed pregnancies were obtained in Sprague-Dawley rats and early ultrastructural differentiation of myocardium of embryos of 10, 11, 12, 13, and 14 days was investigated and compared with that of newborn. Ten-day myocardium is characterized by loosely packed cells; the cytoplasm is typified by a dearth of organelles. Both thick (myosin) and thin (actin) filaments become identifiable for the first time in the 10-day myocardium where the heart is pulsating but circulation is not established. These filaments are not visible in the embryos of 9-day-old myocardium. The formation of these filaments is observed to continue throughout the period covered in this investigation. Concomitant with the appearance of the myofilaments is the synthesis of Z band material. By the eleventh day of gestation and during the subsequent days there is a rapid proliferation and differentiation of most of the organelles. The myofilaments become organized into fully formed striated fibrils. Intercalated discs appear as. small wavy lines on the eleventh day and become plicated in later stages and serve as cell boundaries and points of attachment for myofilaments and fibrils. There is a perceptible change in the number and morphology of mitochondria from the tenth to eleventh day and later stages of development when the heart becomes functional. Similarly, there is a rapid proliferation and differentiation of granular endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi bodies. Large quantities of free ribosomes are dispersed in the cytoplasm of 10-day myocardium; however, in later stages there is a progressive reduction in the distribution of these particles. An intimate association of ribosomes and polysomes with the developing myofibrils is discernible. The T -system and sarcoplasmic reticulum begin to appear in II-day myocardium. The embryonic myocardium displays intense mitotic activity throughout its development and a unique feature of embryonic myocardial cells is the simultaneous occurrence of myofilament synthesis and mitotic activity within the same cells.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmor.1051500305
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  • 198
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    Masthead (1976)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 148 (1976) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmor.1051480101
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  • 199
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    Changes in spleen histology in response to antigenic stimulation in the snapping turtle, Chelydra serpentine (1976)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 149 (1976), S. 223-241 
    Details
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Proliferative and migratory changes of lymphoid cells in the spleen were observed in turtles stimulated with KLH and maintained at 30°C. Small foci of pyroninophilic lymphoblasts were first seen in the white pulp at about day 5. Progressive enlargement of these centers continued and peaked by days 8-12. By days 15-20 the white pulp returned to a normal (unimmunized) state, while the number of pyroninophilic cells, primarily plasma cells, increased markedly in the red pulp. At days 22-25, the number of plasma cells returned to normal levels and the spleen appeared normal for the remainder of the 60 day observation period. These events suggest that at 30°C,-the turtle is capable of a strong and prompt proliferative response in the white pulp sheaths, followed by migration and differentiation of lymphoblasts into plasma cells, n the red pulp., Observations of pyroninophilic cells in sinuses, venules and veins of the spleen and a concomitant depletion of cells in red pulp, further suggest a migration from the spleen to other sites.Following a second antigenic challenge, at day 60, no significant histological changes were observed at 30°C. Nor were any changes observed following primary or secondary antigenic challenge, in animals maintained at 10°C. These findings are discussed with regard to immunological memory and low temperature immunosuppression in ectothermic vertebrates.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmor.1051490206
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  • 200
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    Ultrastructural analysis of normal and immunized spleen of the snapping turtle, Chelydra serpentine (1976)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 149 (1976), S. 243-263 
    Details
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: In the ultrastructural comparison of normal, unimmunized spleens with immunized spleens at key intervals after antigenic stimulation with keyhole limpet hemocyanin (KLH), we noted cellular and cytological features which reflect the cellular kinetics of the primary immune response, particularly with respect to plasma cell production. Although lymphoblasts and mature plasma cells are present in the white and red pulp, respectively, intermediate stages of the plasma cell line are rarely found in normal spleen. Following antigenic challenge, we found a marked increase in lymphoblasts in the white pulp, most of them containing short segments of rough endoplasmic reticulum suggesting initial differentiation toward plasma cells.Following an apparent migration of cells from the white to the red pulp, we found plasma cells in various stages of maturation in the red pulp cords and sinuses. The ultrastructural features of these cells reflect 'the differentiation of lympho blasts into mature plasma cells. Both immature and mature plasma cells usually possess dilated cisternae of rough endoplasmic reticulum, suggesting that they are capable of producing and storing a secretory product, presumably antibody. We also noted a large number of immature macrophages and monocytes in immunized spleens. These cellular events and their cytological characteristics are compared to those described in other vertebrate classes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmor.1051490207
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