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  • 101
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 15 (1984) 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 102
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 15 (1984), S. 117-123 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Ergebnisse von Untersuchungen mit einem instrumentierten Kerbschlaghammer an einer Molybdänbasislegierung, Nickelbasislegierungen und Incoloy 800Mit einem instrumentierten Pendelschlagwerk wurden Experimente an der Molybdänbasislegierung TZM, den Nickelbasislegierungen Nimocast 713 LC, Inconel 625, Nimonic 86, Hastelloy S und der Eisenbasislegierung Incoloy 800 durchgeführt. Die Ergebnisse werden unter den Gesichtspunkten der verbrauchten Schlagenergien und der dynamischen Bruchzähigkeit diskutiert.In allen Fällen war die Übereinstimmung zwischen den Energien, die am Schleppzeiger des Hammers abgelesen wurden und den Energien, die durch die Integration des Kraft-Weg Diagrammes ermittelt wurden, ausgezeichnet.Ein Verfahren für die Bestimmung der dynamischen Bruchzähigkeit für eine Last vs. Lastpunktverschiebungskurve mit hohen Oszillationen unter Verwendung einer gemittelten Kurve wurde vorgeschlagen. Verwendet man dieses Verfahren, findet man keinen deutlichen Einfluß der Experimente mit Hammer und Stössel (5,0 m/s und 0,1 m/s) auf die dynamische Bruchzähigkeit. Halbiert man die Fallhöhe, d.h. halbiert man die totale Schlagenergie, so werden die dynamischen Bruchzähigkeitswerte für die Legierungstypen erniedrigt.Niedrige absorbierte Schlagenergien sind oft verknüpft mit hohen Bruchzähigkeitswerten. Hier fehlt die Reserve in der Verformung und/oder im stabilen Rißwachstum.
    Notes: Experiments were performed on the molybdenum base alloy TZM, the nickel base alloys Nimocast 713 LC, Inconel 625, Nimonic 86, Hastelloy S, and the iron base alloy Incoloy 800 with an instrumented impact machine. The results are discussed in terms of absorbed impact energies and dynamic fracture toughness.In all cases the agreement between the energy determined by the dial reading and the energy determined by the integration of the load vs. load point displacement diagram was excellent.A procedure for the determination of the dynamic fracture toughness for load vs. load point displacement diagrams exhibiting high oscillations using an averaged curve is proposed. Using this procedure a pronounced influence of the experiments with tup and chisel (5.0 m/s and 0.1 m/s respectively) on the dynamic fracture toughness is not detectable. Using half the drop height, i.e. halving the total energy, lowers the dynamic fracture toughness values for these types of alloys. Low absorbed impact energies are often combined with high fracture toughness values. In these cases there is no or only a small reserve in deformation and/or stable crack growth.
    Additional Material: 18 Ill.
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  • 103
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 15 (1984), S. 149-153 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Welding in Tank and Plant ConstructionSince a relatively limited number of plastics types are used, the welding tasks involved in chemical apparatus engineering can be accomplished with just a few welding techniques are well-known and welding can be carried out efficiently, reliably and economically by this means. In this respect, however, a number of important principles have to be observed. The DVS guidelines provide vital information on questions relating to calculation, design, personnel, equipment, material and testing. Extrusion welding enjoys prime importance as regards quality and economic aspects.
    Notes: Die Schweißaufgaben im chemischen Apparatebau werden an einer relative geringen Anzahl von Kunststofftypen mit wenigen Schweißverfahren bewältigt. Diese Verfahren sind in ihren Grenzen erfaßt und erlauben sichere und wirtschaftliche Schweißungen. Es sind hierbei allerdings eine Reihe wichtiger Grundsätze zu beachten. Die entsprechenden DVS-Richtlinien geben zu Berechnungs-, Gestaltungs, Personal-, Geräte-, Material- und Prüffragen wesentliche Hinweise. Vorrangige Bedeutung im Hinblick auf Qualität und Wirtschaftlichkeit im Behälter- und Apparatebau hat das Extrusionsschweißen.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
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  • 104
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    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 15 (1984), S. 153-157 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Long Term Testing of Welded Joints from HDPE under Complex LoadingTest methods to determine the long term weld-factors for heated tool butt weldings, extrusion weldings and hot gas weldings are presented. Instead of tensile bars welded pipers are tested under internal pressure to abbreviate the test times. The results of long term creep tests with welded and unwelded PE-HD pipes under the influence of several fluids are also discussed.
    Notes: Für die im Apparate- und Behälterbau am meisten angewandten Schweißverfahren: Heizelementstumpf-, Extrusions- und Warmgas-schweißen werden Prüfmethoden zur Bestimmung der Langzeit-schweißfaktoren vorgestellt. Als Prüfkörper werden hierbei geschweißte Rohre verwendet, um einen mehrdimensionalen Span-nungszustand zu realisieren und die Prüfzeiten zu verkürzen. Desweiteren wird der Einfluß einiger Medien auf geschweißte Rohre im Vergleich mit ungeschweißten Rohren untersucht.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
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  • 105
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    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 15 (1984), S. 183-185 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Experiences in Welding Highly Pure, Gas-Sensitive MaterialsHighly pure steels and non-ferrous react during processing, particularly welding, with atmospheric gases and change their service properties. Hence special measures are often necessary in forming and inert gas welding. Taking the specific example of a high pure chromium steel (superferritic), welding properties, processing data and selection of suitable inert gas torches are described. The possibility of applying this information to other materials such as titanium is discussed.
    Notes: Hochreine Stähle und Nichteisenmetalle reagieren bei der Verarbeitung, insbesondere beim Schweißen mit den Gasen der Luft und verändern ihre Gebrauchseigenschaften. Daher sind vielfach Sondermaßnahmen beim Formieren und Schutzgasschweißen notwendig. Speziell am Beispiel eines Chromstahles hoher Reinheit (Superferrit) werden die Schweißeigenschaften, Daten der Verarbeitung sowie die Auswahl geeigneter Schutzgasbrenner beschrieben. Vergleichende Hinweise und Anwendungsbeispiele für andere Werkstoffe wie z. B. Titan sind möglich.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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  • 106
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    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 15 (1984), S. 190-190 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 107
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    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 15 (1984), S. 199-206 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Untersuchungen zum Einfluß der Hammergeschwindigkeit und der Auslagerung auf die dynamische Bruchzähigkeit für Inconel 625Mit einem instrumentierten Pendelschlagwerk wurden Experimente an der Nickelbasislegierung Inconel 625 im Anlieferungszustand und nach Auslagerung über 3,6 Ms (1000 h) bei 923 K (650°C) unter Anwendung unterschiedlicher Fallhöhen durchgeführt. Die verbrauchte Schlagenergie kann sowohl über den Schleppzeiger, über die Integration des Kraft-Lastpunktverschiebungs-Diagrammes als auch aus der Integration des Kraft-Zeit-Diagrammes bei gleichzeitiger Kenntnis der Schlaggeschwindigkeit v0 unmittelbar vor Auftreffen des Hammers auf die Probe ermittelt werden. In allen Fällen ist die Übereinstimmung gut.Es wird gezeigt. -daß die dynamische Bruchzähigkeit abhängig ist von der Hammergeschwindigkeit v0 und damit von der totalen Energie des Hammers bei unterschiedlichen Fallhöhen.-daß die Versprödung infolge Wärmebehandlung nicht mit einer Absenkung der Bruchzähigkeit verbunden ist, obwohl eine starke Abnahme der verbrauchten Schlagenergie beobachtet wird. Definiert man eine dynamische Spannung σ aus der Geschwindigkeitsabhängigkeit der Bruchzähigkeit, so ist σ größer für das versprödete Material im Vergleich zum Anlieferungszustand. Diese Tendenz ist von Zugversuchen her bekannt.-daß die dynamische Bruchzähigkeit mit der absorbierten Schlagenergie bis zum Lastmaximum für das wärmebehandelte Material korreliert werden kann, während für den Anlieferungszustand keine Abhängigkeit gefunden wird.Die Änderung der Hammergeschwindigkeit im Verlauf des Stoßprozesses ist nur klein für diesen Werkstofftyp.
    Notes: Experiments were performed with an instrumented impact machine using different drop heights, on the nickel base alloy Inconel 625 in the as-received state and after heat treatment for about 3.6 Ms (1000 h) at 923 K (650°C).The absorbed impact energy can be obtained either by the direct dial reading, by the integration of the load versus load point displacement diagram or by the integration of the load versus time diagram, knowing the initial impact velocity v0 of the tup. In all cases the agreement was excellent.It is shown that. -the dynamic fracture toughness is dependent on the tup velocity v0 and, as a consequence, on the total energy of the hammer at the different drop heights.-defining a dynamic stress σ from the velocity dependence of the fracture toughness, the stress σ is higher for the embrittled material - a tendency verified by tensile tests.-the dynamic fracture toughness can be correlated with the absorbed impact energy up to the load maximum for the heat treated material while the as-received material exhibits no such dependence.The change in the tup velocity during the impact process is only small for this type of material.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
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  • 108
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 109
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    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 15 (1984) 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 110
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    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 15 (1984), S. 246-250 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Schallemissionsprüfung von Wärmetauschern des Reaktors SaphirDie Schallemissionsanalyse ist eine zerstörungsfreie Prüfmethode, die zur Untersuchung und Überwachung von Strukturen und druckführenden Komponenten verwendet wird. Das Ziel der Messung am 5 MW Forschungsreaktor Saphir war die Untersuchung und Auswertung der hohen Betriebsgeräusche in den Wärmetauschern des Kühl-systems.Die Ergebnisse zeigten, daß von den 9 Wärmetauschern, die in 3 Gruppen angeordnet sind, 5 Wärmetauscher ein hohes Betriebsgeräusch aufweisen. Die Ursache ist auf die Schwingung der Rohrbündel in Wärmetauschern beim Durchfluß des Pool-Wassers zurückzuführen. Die axiale Ortung bestätigte, daß die Geräusche von mehreren Quellen verursacht werden.
    Notes: The acoustic emission technique is a non-destructive testing method used for inspection and surveillance of structures and pressurized components. In particular, the purpose of the measurement on the 5 MW research reactor SAPHIR was to investigate and evaluate the abnormally high noise levels during operation of the heat exchangers of the cooling system.The results showed that 5 heat exchangers out of the total of 9 (assembled in 3 groups) were responsible for the higher noise level. This is probably due to some abnormal vibration of the tube bundles therein, caused by the through-flow of the pool water. Indeed, attempts of localizing the source showed that there must be several, distributed sources.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
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  • 111
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    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 15 (1984), S. 250-256 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Ultrasonic Testing of Metal DepositsThe adhesive strength of Ni-deposits has been determined with the well known ring shear test and by a test procedure which usually is used to analyze the resistance of a material against cavitation. In this case the specimen is fastened at the top of an ultrasonic vibrator and oscillates in an aqueous fluid. The deposit/substrate interface is strengthened by high accelerative forces and by mechanical attack of imploding bubbles in the fluid. It was shown that this method is able to distinguish the effect of different pretreatment of the substrate surface. The test result is given as the duration of attack without any exfoliation of the deposit.
    Notes: Die Prüfung der Haftfestigkeit metallischer Überzüge auf z. B. metallischen Grundwerkstoffen spielt eine wichtige Rolle im Hinblick auf die Funktionalität der beschichteten Bauteile im Betrieb. Ihre Bestimmung ist nicht in einfacher Weise möglich, wenn es gilt, Zahlenwerte zu erhalten. Nachfolgend werden zwei Verfahren vorgestellt, von denen das eine, nämlich der ring-shear-test, schon seit längerer Zeit bekannt ist, das andere jedoch, die Untersuchung mit dem Ultraschallkoppelschwinger, neu entwickelt wurde. Die Heranziehung des ring-shear-testes dient in der vorliegenden Arbeit dem Vergleich, wobei hier bekanntlich Zahlenwerte mit der Dimension einer Spannung erhalten werden, während der Versuch mit dem Ultraschallkoppelschwinger Beständigkeitszeiten als Entscheidungskriterium liefert.Gleichzeitig ließ sich mit beiden Methoden der Einfluß der Vorbehandlung auf die Haftfestigkeit eindeutig nachweisen.
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  • 112
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    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 15 (1984), S. 257-264 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Statistical Size Effect at Random LoadingResults of random tests are used to show the applicability of the theory of statistical size effect. The specimens of all the tests of this report were made from the aluminium alloy 7075 T 7351. The specimens were machined from plates (2000 × 1000 × 40 mm). The main dimension of the specimens corresponds with the rolling direction. A standard random load sequence of Gaussian type which is recommended for general application in fatigue testing was used as loading program [19].In a first test series notched round bar specimens (Fig. 2) were used to investigate the sequence effect. 30 specimens were tested with the standard load sequence, 30 specimens with the variable load sequence. All the other test conditions were kept constant. Fig. 4 shows that the scatter of lifetime (cycles to fracture) is not influenced by the load sequence.In a second test series flat specimens with central holes were tested (Fig. 5) in order to show the existence of a pure statistical size effect at random loading. If the specimen has 1, 3 or 7 holes and all the other test conditions are kept constant, only the size of the area where cracks can initiate is enlarged. The results which are plotted in Fig. 6 show a very clear size effect. The results of the 1-hole specimen (A = A0) were used to determine the constants of Eq. (5). By inserting A = 3 A0 resp. A = 7 A0 the other test results can be predicted. In a third test series round bar specimens with a circumferential notch with different notch root radius (ρ = 1 mm resp. ρ = 6 mm) were tested (Fig. 2, Table 1). The specimens were loaded in such a way that the maximum stress in the notch root and its time-dependence was equal. In this very common case, the stress integral must be determined by applying Eq. (3). Additional tests to determine k and numerical calculations were necessary to evaluate Eq. (3). The final results are plotted in Fig. 8. By inserting A = A0 resp. A = 5 A0 into Eq. (7) the results can be described.The basis of the applicability of the theory of statistical size effect is the weakest link concept. The examination of the fracture surface and X-ray analyses showed that there was a higher content of iron (Fig. 11) in those regions where the fatigue cracks initiated. It is supposed that inclusions of intermetallic Al-Fe particles are those weakest links in the structure, where fatigue cracks nucleate.
    Notes: Es wurde der Einfluß der Bauteilgröße auf das Anrißlebensdauerverhalten bei zufallsartiger Schwingbeanspruchung an gekerbten Prüfkörpern aus der Al-Legierung AlZnMgCu 1,5 (7075T7351) untersucht. Durch geeignete Prüfkörperwahl gelang eine Trennung des statistischen (Fehlstellenmodell) und des spannungsmechanischen (Stützwirkungsmodell) Effekts und damit der Nachweis des rein statistischen Einflusses der Baugröße. Darüber hinaus wurde gezeigt, daß das auf dem Fehlstellenmodell beruhende Rechenverfahren auch bei Änderung der Stützwirkung im Bauteil seine Gültigkeit bewahrt. Der Begriff der Fehlstelle konnte durch eine konkrete mikrostrukturelle Werkstoffinhomogenität ersetzt werden. Diese zufällig im Material verteilten Fehler werden als Ursache für die Lebensdauerstreuung angesehen. In diesem Zusammenhang konnte für eine auf einem stationären Gaußprozeß beruhende Lastfolge geklärt werden, daß die Lebensdauerstreuung nicht von der Lastspielreihenfolge abhängt, wenn das Beanspruchungskollektiv und der zeitliche Charakter des Lastablaufs erhalten bleiben.
    Additional Material: 11 Ill.
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  • 113
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    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 15 (1984), S. A65 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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  • 114
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    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 15 (1984), S. 309-314 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Oszillationen des Korrosionspotentials bei rostfreien StählenDie Korrosionspotentiale von rostfreien Stählen in chloridhaltigen Lösungen sind in Umgebungen, in denen weder Lochfraß noch Spaltkorrosion auftreten, konstant. In diesen Fall sind die Korrosionspotentiale weitgehend unabhängig von der Temperatur und der Chloridionkonzentration. Bei Stählen mit abnehmendem Korrosions widerstand oder mit zunehmender Temperatur und zunehmender Chloridionkonzentration tritt eine Situation ein, bei der das Korrosionspotential zu oszillieren beginnt - und zwar zwischen zwei Werten, die ungefähr dem Lochfraßpotential Ep und dem Repassivierungspotential Epp entsprechen. Diese Potentialoszillationen sind häufig von Lochfraß und Spaltkorrosion begleitet; andererseits gibt es Fälle, bei denen sogar nach langer Zeit kein Korrosionsanriß sichtbar ist. Die Oszillationen werden einem instabilen Passivitätsverhalten zugeschrieben.
    Notes: The corrosion potentials of stainless steels in chloride solutions for conditions significantly removed from those leading to pitting and crevice corrosion are constant and to a first approximation largely independent of temperature and chloride ion concentration. With increasing temperature and/or chloride ion concentration or with decreasing corrosion resistance there comes a situation when the corrosion potential begins to oscillate, between two and values roughly corresponding to Ep and Epp. These potential oscillations are often associated with pitting and crevice corrosion, although there are clear cases when no corrosion attack was visible even after prolonged exposure. The oscillations are attributed to unstable passivity.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
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  • 115
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    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 15 (1984), S. 323-330 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: On the Interaction between Work-Material and Forming-Process and its Investigation by ExperimentsExperiments are described and discussed for determining material properties before metal forming as well as process parameters during the metal forming operation and workpiece properties after metal forming.Before metal forming “pure” properties of matter have to be determined which in many cases is achieved by standardized testing methods. During and after the forming operation, however, the testing methods of interest are not yet standardized to the same extent. In particular it is necessary after metal forming, to take into account the effect of geometry on the workpiece properties which results into modified conditions for testing material and workpiece properties.
    Notes: Es werden Versuche beschrieben und diskutiert, in denen Werkstoffeigenschaften vor dem Umformvorgang, Verfahrensparameter während der Umformung sowie Werkstoff- und Werkstückeigenschaften nach der Umformung erfaßt werden können.Zur Bestimmung von Werkstoffeigenschaften vor der Umformung stehen zahlreiche genormte oder sonstwie vereinheitlichte Prüfverfahren zur Verfügung. Dies ist bei Versuchen während und nach der Umformung nicht in gleichem Maße der Fall. Insbesondere muß nach der Umformung der Einfluß der Geometrie auf die Werkstückeigenschaften berücksichtigt werden, wodurch sich veränderte Bedingun-gen für Versuche zur Erfassung von Werkstoff- und Werkstückeigenschaften ergeben.
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  • 116
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    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 15 (1984), S. 359-362 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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  • 117
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    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 15 (1984), S. A83 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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  • 118
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    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 15 (1984), S. 371-377 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Bruchenergiemessungen an keramischen WärmedämmschichtenDie Bruchenergie von plasmagespritzten Wärmedämmschichten aus ZrO2 · MgO, ZrO2 · Y2O3, ZrO3 · CaO · Al2O3 und Al2O3 · TiO2 auf Metallsubstraten wurde sowohl für einen Adhäsionsbruch als auch für einen Kohäsionsbruch der Deckschichten mit Hilfe gekerbter Schichtverbundbiegeproben ermittelt. Die verallgemeinerte Energiefreisetzungsrate wurde als Maß für die Bruchenergie benutzt. Sie berücksichtigt die in der Kraft-Durchbiegungskurve der Proben auftretende Nichtlinearität. Das Versagen der Proben innerhalb der Deckschicht oder in der Grenzfläche wird von der Bildung und Vereinigung von sekundären Rissen in der Deckschicht begleitet. Diese Vorgänge verursachen das nichtlineare Verformungsverhalten und eine von der Rißgeschwindigkeit abhängige Bruchmorphologie.
    Notes: The fracture energy of plasma-sprayed thermal barrier coatings of ZrO2 · MgO, ZrO2 · Y2O3, ZrO2 · CaO · Al2O3, and Al2O3 · TiO2 on metal substrates is obtained for both adhesive and cohesive failure modes of the coatings using notched layer-bonded bend test specimens. The generalized energy release rate was employed as a measure of the fracture energy. It takes account of the nonlinearity found in the load-deflection curves of the specimens. The failure of the specimens within the coating or at the interface is accompanied by the formation and linking of secondary cracks in the coating. This causes the non-linearity in the deformation behaviour and a rate-dependent failure morphology.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
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  • 119
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    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 15 (1984), S. 402-402 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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  • 120
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    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 15 (1984), S. A93 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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  • 121
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    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 15 (1984), S. 416-420 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Improvement of Fatigue Properties by Roll PeeningWith sophisticated calculations a better understanding of the roll peening process is possible. Calculations together with experimental determination of the fatigue properties allow for a reduced test program to determine the fatigue limit of specimens with similar geometrical shape.
    Notes: Mit Hilfe verbesserter Berechungsverfahren lassen sich vertiefte Erkenntnisse über die Vorgänge beim Festwalzen gewinnen. Darüber hinaus bietet die rechnerische Analyse der Vorgänge zusammen mit der experimentellen Ermittlung der Schwingfestigkeit die Möglichkeit einer Übertragbarkeit auf andere Werkstoffzustände und Proben - bzw. Kerbformen. Hierdurch lassen sich Einsparungen durch verminderten Versuchsaufwand erreichen.
    Additional Material: 13 Ill.
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  • 122
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    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 15 (1984), S. 436-436 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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  • 123
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    Particle and Particle Systems Characterization 1 (1984), S. 7-13 
    ISSN: 0934-0866
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: In the application and the development of on-line methods for particle size analysis one has to distinguish three principally different problem areas:aallocation and preparation of a representative sample,banalysis of the sample,cevaluation of the results.Methods and problems connected with these areas will be discussed in this paper. Some of the methods available for rapid response analysis of particle size distributions mark the beginning of a new era of particle size analysis. One has to recognize however that a uniform solution of the problems of on-line particle size analysis is extremely difficult if not impossible to find. The boundary conditions vary to such an extent that similar methods or combinations of methods can rarely be used in different cases. Since instrument manufacturers will in most cases not be able to adopt their instruments to different industrial applications, specialists will have to solve the problem. One has to recognize, however, that not all of the steps described in this paper have been investigated to an extent which renders possible appropriate solutions. There is still room for improvement.
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  • 124
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    Particle and Particle Systems Characterization 1 (1984), S. 22-27 
    ISSN: 0934-0866
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: For some time studies have been made relating the values obtained from simple shape description to bulk powder properties. More recently the detailed mathematical description of particle outline has become possible and quite powerful techniques have been developed. These techniques may be used for the regeneration by computer of the shape and, more importantly, for studies relating shape to individual particle behaviour and to bulk powder properties. Quite inadequate attention has been directed to the task of obtaining from the laboratory sample of the bulk powder a representative sample of shapes without bias. In this communication the considerations to be included in the sampling procedure are reviewed and a possible solution to the problems posed is presented.
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  • 125
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    Particle and Particle Systems Characterization 1 (1984), S. 28-31 
    ISSN: 0934-0866
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The currently used methods of sample preparation are examined and found to be unsatisfactory in case of counting methods for particle size analysis. It is the purpose of this paper to review the results of investigations of two different measuring principles (light extinction and electrical resistance change) by use of the same signal handling equipment. The commonly used techniques and units are compared with regard to the resulting density distributions of particle size below 0.25 mm. The final conclusions including recommendations to the use of ultrasonic treatment and to improvements of the sampling and the sample-feeding units are valid for all counting methods.
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  • 126
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    Particle and Particle Systems Characterization 1 (1984), S. 53-58 
    ISSN: 0934-0866
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: When performing particle size analysis by scattered light, coincidences in the measuring volume of optical particle counters not only cause too small a particle concentration to be measured, but also a size distribution to be obtained which is systematically shifted towards coarser particle sizes. It is pointed out in this paper how this shift can be precalculated when the true distribution is given. The results show under which conditions a correction of the measured distribution is indispensable.
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  • 127
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    Particle and Particle Systems Characterization 1 (1984), S. 78-84 
    ISSN: 0934-0866
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The classification of powders into groups possessing specific behavioural identities has long been recognized as desirable. This has been approached by describing different powders using two variables and plotting the data on a scatter diagram. The property of interest is then inferred from a powder's position on the scatter diagram. Unfortunately, a powder's behaviour is rarely adequately described by only two variables. To describe a powder more fully requires more variables and this presents a problem in interpretation. Cluster analysis refers to a range of techniques for interpreting multivariate data sets and is used in many fields. This paper describes cluster analysis and considers the method and potential of its application to particle technology. By way of an illustration, a cluster analysis has been performed on twenty-seven powders resulting in groups recognizable by their characteristic fluidisation and flow properties. It is concluded that cluster analysis could be a powerful tool in predictive and analytical work in the field of particle technology.
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  • 128
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    Particle and Particle Systems Characterization 1 (1984), S. 127-131 
    ISSN: 0934-0866
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Combined gravitational and centrifugal sedimentation analysis was studied using a Sedigraph X-ray sedimentometer and a Ladal pipette centrifuge. The test powders were talc, calcite and lead oxide. The purpose of the study was to examine the possibilities of extending the sedimentation analysis towards finer sizes by the use of centrifugal force. All the test samples could be analysed down to 0.04-0.05 μm by the combined sedimentation procedure with reasonable accuracy and the results were matched to give a uniform distribution. It was also shown to be preferable to present the size analysis data in a log-probability scale, as it gives the means to easily distinguish materials with different particle size characteristics and to estimate the actual distribution by a statistical function.
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  • 129
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    Particle and Particle Systems Characterization 1 (1984), S. 121-126 
    ISSN: 0934-0866
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: It is often necessary to carry out sedimentation analysis of powders, consisting of two or more components, which differ in some physical properties. By means of theoretical studies of twocomponent systems the systematic errors of the measured particle size distributions were analysed for the case that differences exist in the following combinations of properties:-particle size distribution D(x) and solid density ϱs-D(x) and mass absorption coefficient μm-D(x) and ϱs and μmUsing real systems (SiO2 + Fe2O3, Al2O3 + SiO2, Al2O3 + Fe2O3) the partial and total errors were estimated and compared with the results obtained with a Sedigraph. Differences in the density of the components often result in negligible errors, even for the system SiO2 + Fe2O3, if the mass portion of one component is below about 10%. For the total error the differences of μm and D(x) are decisive. Its value is below 1% if the mass portion of the slightly absorbing component is 〈5% or if the strongly absorbing component is 〈1%.
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  • 130
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    Particle and Particle Systems Characterization 1 (1984), S. 143-152 
    ISSN: 0934-0866
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: This paper deals with the influence of particle shape and particle size distribution on the fluidisation behaviour of granular activated carbon in the aqueous phase. Methods for relating the degree of expansion, as a function of liquid velocity, to particle shape and particle size distribution are discussed and tested. Two different types of activated carbon, both containing irregularly shaped particles but with differences in shape, are used to test the models discussed. A tentative method which takes into account the influence of water temperature on fluidisation behaviour is proposed.
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  • 131
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    Particle and Particle Systems Characterization 1 (1984), S. 171-177 
    ISSN: 0934-0866
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Experimental methods to determine minimum sintering temperatures of a variety of granules such as polymers, glass, coal, inorganic salts, etc. are presented. These methods include the use of a dilatometer in which the contraction-dilation characteristics of a small sample is measured, a differential scanning calorimeter test and an Instron machine by which yield strengths are measured. It is clearly shown that for the majority of materials studied, the different methods give similar values for the minimum sintering temperature but that the dilatometer experiment is the simplest as well as the most reliable method. Since the minimum sintering temperature is always less than the solid's melting point, an efficient method of measuring this temperature is very important for all fluidizable granules subjected to high temperatures. The danger of agglomeration during fluidization increases tremendously at temperatures higher than minimum sintering and therefore special precautions must be taken to avoid defluidization under these conditions.
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    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 7 (1984), S. 147-148 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Liquid chromatography ; HPLC ; Racemate separation ; β-Cyclodextrin stationary phase ; Cyclohexylphenylglycolic acid ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 7 (1984), S. 158-159 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Multi-mode liquid chromatography ; Adsorption chromatography ; Size exclusion chromatography ; Phenyl-bonded phase ; Styrene oligomers ; Polystyrene polymers ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 7 (1984) 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 7 (1984), S. 160-161 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Liquid chromatography HPLC ; Bonded phases ; 3,5-Dinitrobenzamidopropyl silica gel ; Charge transfer interaction ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 1 Tab.
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    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 7 (1984), S. 327-327 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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  • 137
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    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 7 (1984), S. 329-332 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Fused silica capillary columns ; Deactivation ; Polymethylhydrosiloxanes ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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  • 138
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    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 7 (1984), S. 338-339 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Pesticides ; Multidetection ; ECD-NPSD-SSD ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
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  • 139
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    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 7 (1984), S. 301-305 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Capillary gas chromatography ; Whisker-walled open tubular columns ; PNA-hydrocarbons ; XAD-2 ; Azaarenes ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A modified clean-up of polynuclear aromatic (PNA) hydrocarbons on XAD-2 is described. n-Alkanes (C16—C28) are separated quantitatively from the PNA hydrocarbons and are eluted in one fraction. The distribution of 17 PNA hydrocarbons and four of their alkyl derivatives, two S-heterocyclic compounds and two azaarenes between the different fractions is reported. Azaarenes containing three rings are separated from PNA hydrocarbons and S-heterocyclic compounds. Whisker-walled open tubular columns coated with OV-215 and OV-25 were used in the separation of isomeric azaarenes and in PNA hydrocarbon profile analysis, respectively. The preparation of such columns is described in detail. Rinsing of capillary columns with cold, concentrated HCI after whisker growth removes much larger amounts of boron and sodium than subsequent leaching with HCI at 180°C. Whisker-walled open tubular columns are successfully applied to the characterization of isomeric benzofluoranthenes and other PNA hydrocarbons isolated from air particulate matter.
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  • 140
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    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 7 (1984), S. 319-326 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Capillary GC ; Band broadening in space ; Flooded column inlet ; Retention gap ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: In on-column or in splitless injection with recondensation of the solvent, the length of the flooded zone in the column inlet depends primarily on the wettability of the internal wall of the inlet. For columns with a coated inlet this explains why peak distortion due to band broadening in space by a certain sample volume is pronounced in one case and hardly observable in another. Glass or fused silica capillaries silylated with diphenyltetramethyldisilazane were found to give optimal retention gaps. They combine thorough and thermostable deactivation with good wettability and low retention power. On the other hand it is very easy to deactivate fused silica capillaries with Carbowax. The resulting retention gaps are suitable for a wide range of applications and are particularly attractive for the analysis of dirty samples which require frequent replacement of the inlet.
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  • 141
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    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 7 (1984), S. 332-333 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Capillary columns ; Polarity mixtures ; Reaction products ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
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  • 142
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    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 7 (1984), S. 336-337 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Ion chromatography ; Multidimensional column ; Borophosphosilicate glass (BPSG) film ; VLS ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
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  • 143
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    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 7 (1984), S. 342-343 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Gas-liquid chromatography ; Logarithmic retention index ; Equation for the calculation of column efficiency ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 1 Tab.
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  • 144
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    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 7 (1984) 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 7 (1984), S. 433-435 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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  • 146
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    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 7 (1984), S. 370-374 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Trace analysis ; On-column injection ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Large sample volume on-column injection (up to 250 μL) of n-pentane solutions of halogenated hydrocarbons has been employed for the direct measurement of both low-boiling and high-boiling compounds in what is essentially a single run. Two-bonded phase, fused-silica capillary columns are joined in series, through which the low-boiling compounds are first chromatographed and detected with an electron capture detector. High-boiling compounds are then trapped in a section joining the two columns, and subsequently chromatographed in the second column, using the same detector. This procedure permits analysis at the ppt level.
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    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 7 (1984), S. 404-410 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Multidimensional capillary columns ; Enantiomeric separations ; Intermediate trapping ; Mixed polarities ; Terpene alcohols ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
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  • 148
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Low and high resolution liquid chromatography ; Gas chromatography ; Capillary columns ; Alkali flame detection ; Chemical ionization mass spectrometry ; Nitro-PAHs ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: An analytical procedure is described for the fractionation of organic compounds present in environmental samples and the determination of nitro polyaromatic hydrocarbons (nitro-PAHs). Both low and high resolution liquid chromatography are employed for the prefractionation of the soluble organic fraction (SOF) extracted from particulate matter or gaseous pollutants collected on adsorption traps. High resolution gas chromatography is used to analyze four fractions containing alkanes, PAHs, nitro-PAHs, and other polar PAHs. Nitrogen-containing species are separated by GC and detected specifically using an alkali flame (NPD) detector. Flame ionization (FID) detection, GC-MS of positive ions, and negative ion chemical ionization MS of the whole fraction is used for the identification and quantitation of the various components. The composition of SOF extracted from particulate matter emitted from diesel exhausts is elucidated and a large number of nitro-PAHs identified by the combination of the various techniques.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
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  • 149
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    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 7 (1984) 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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  • 150
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    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 7 (1984), S. 509-514 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Gas chromatography, GC ; OV-1/FFAP mixed phase, high-temperature ; silylated glass capillary ; Polar phase-coated HTS capillary ; Golay curves of mixed phases ; Thermal and long-term stability of OV-1/FFAP ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: As an alternative to acid pretreated UCON and FFAP capillaries for the analysis of wide-boiling free fatty acid mixtures, OV-1 : FFAP phase mixtures were used on high-temperature silylated inert glass capillary columns. The HETP-carrier gas velocity curves, peak asymmetry factors, coating efficiency, gas phase and stationary phase contributions to the mass transfer resistance were determined for various OV-1 : FFAP ratios. Mixed-phase capillaries showed optimum performance at a 2 : 1 OV-1 : FFAP ratio. The thermal and long-term stability of OV-1-stabilized FFAP columns surpassed those of the UCON and pure FFAP reference column used.
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    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 7 (1984), S. 531-532 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Gas chromatography, GC ; Capillary columns ; Retention gaps ; Large sample volumes ; Flooded zone ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
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  • 152
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    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 7 (1984), S. 529-531 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Capillary electrophoresis ; High resolution separation ; High speed analysis ; Dansyl amino acids ; Fluorescamine labeled peptides ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
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  • 153
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    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 7 (1984), S. 536-537 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Capillary column ; On-Column injection ; Vaporizing injection ; Decomposition ; α-Ferrocenyl carbinols ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
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  • 154
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    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 7 (1984), S. 580-581 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Ion chromatography, IC ; Steel surface analysis ; Carbonate, chloride, nitrite ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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  • 155
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    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 7 (1984), S. 620-624 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Gas chromatography, GC ; Glass capillary columns ; Immobilization ; Gamma radiation ; Very thick films ; Nonpolar stationary phases ; OV-1, OV-101, SE-54 ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Borosilicate glass capillaries, silylated and coated with OV-1 or SE-54, were irradiated by a 60Co gamma source. The effect of radiation on chromatographic performance was determined for a series of dosages and was evaluated before and after rinsing with solvent. Results for both regular and thick films were obtained.
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  • 156
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    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 7 (1984), S. 632-635 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Liquid chromatography, HPLC ; Diode array spectroscopy ; Trace enrichment ; Algal pigments ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
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  • 157
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    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 7 (1984), S. 641-643 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Gas chromatography, GC ; Fused silica capillary columns ; Bonded stationary phase ; Distilled beverages ; Direct analysis ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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  • 158
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    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 7 (1984), S. 649-652 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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  • 159
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    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 7 (1984), S. 671-678 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Liquid chromatography, HPLC ; Isomer separation ; Mutagenic compounds ; Nitropolycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Since positional isomers of several nitro-polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (nitro-PAH) contain widely different mutagenic properties, methods for separating the isomers were investigated. High performance liquid chromatography with dichloromethane in hexane on silica gave the best resolution for the majority of the compounds. A few groups of isomers were better resolved with other modifiers or with reversed phases. Of the reversed phase systems, methanol-water gave better resolution than acetonitrile-water. With dichloromethane/hexane on silica, the retention was found to depend on the presence of a bay nitro group (first), the number of H atoms peri to the nitro group (second), and the length/breadth ratio of the molecule (third).Front electron density calculations were combined with the structure-retention relations in making tentative structure assignments of minor isomers of nitro-PAH.
    Additional Material: 12 Ill.
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  • 160
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    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 7 (1984), S. 700-701 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Glass capillary columns ; Immobilization ; 60Co gamma radiation ; Medium-polarity phase ; OV-1701-Vi ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
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  • 161
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    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 7 (1984), S. 615-619 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Theory ; Sorption ; Plate model ; Band widths ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The original plate model of chromatography is extended to the sorption process occurring at the column inlet and the desorption process at the column exit. At the column inlet it is shown that sufficiently wide feed bands undergo no change in concentration but a fall in band width, i.e., the volume of mobile phase occupied by the solute band is reduced. The reduction factor is (1 + k) where k is the mass distribution ratio (capacity factor). Narrower bands suffer partial reduction in both band width and concentration. On desorption at the outlet, however, the change is always in band width and not concentration. A perfect detector registers the true concentration-time profile of the band in the column if the solute mass fraction in the stationary phase is below 10-3 at the column outlet. The risks of stripping the stationary phase at high solute concentrations in analytical and preparative or production gas chromatography are compared.
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  • 162
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    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 7 (1984), S. 629-631 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Preparative liquid chromatography, HPLC ; Chiral HPLC columns ; (-)-Gossypol ; Resolution of enatiomers ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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  • 163
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    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 7 (1984), S. 639-640 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Gas chromatography, GC ; Flame ionization detector, FID ; Electron capture detector, ECD ; Effluent splitting ; Pesticides ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
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  • 164
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    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 7 (1984), S. 647-647 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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  • 165
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    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 7 (1984), S. 593-595 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: High performance thin layer chromatography, HPTLC ; Fluorescence ; Prostaglandins ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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  • 166
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    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 7 (1984), S. 601-604 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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  • 167
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Reaction gas chromatography/mass spectrometry, GC/MS ; Capillary columns ; Post-column hydrodesulfurization ; Cyclic sulfides ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: This article describes a method that assists in structure determination of cyclic sulfides mixtures by GC/MS. The method involves the use of a gas-phase hydrodesulfurization microreactor (AP-56 catalyst, reaction temperture 300-315°C, hydrogen as a carrier and reagent gas) located between the capillary column (OV-17) and the mass spectrometer. The presence of a microreactor in such a position does not essentially affect the chromatographic separation achieved by using the capillary column. Combined analysis of the mass spectra registered for the original sulfides and the hydrodesulfurization products permits the structure determination of each effluent to be made more reliably. This is illustrated by the investigation of a reaction mixture containing the structural and geometric isomers of methyl-substituted thiabicyclononanes.
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    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 7 (1984), S. 637-638 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Gas chromatography, GC ; Glass capillary columns ; Liquid crystal ; Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) ; N,N′-Bis(p-butoxybenzylidene)-α,α′-bi-p-toluidine (BBBT) ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 7 (1984) 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 7 (1984), S. 703-706 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Gas chromatography, GC ; Fused silica microbore columns ; Automated injection ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
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  • 171
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    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 15 (1984) 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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  • 172
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    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 15 (1984), S. A10 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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  • 173
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Tests with MoS2-Coating to Improve the Emergency Operating Characteristics between Cam-Ring and Vanes of the Vane Pumps when Operating with Water Glycol FluidsThe relatively poor wear- and corrosion-protection properties of water glycol fluids. Lead to premature wearing of some hydraulic components. In this report we will show, how in the case of vane pumps with a special surface coating improved emergency operating characteristics can be achieved between the moving parts and thereby an increase in the service life of these pump.
    Notes: Das relativ schlechte Verschleißschutzvermögen sowie verminderter Korrosionsschutz von HFC-Flüssigkeiten führen bei einigen Bauelementen zu vorzeitigen Ausfällen. In diesem Bericht wird gezeigt wie man bei Flügelzellenpumpen durch eine entsprechende Oberflächen-Beschichtung eine Verbesserung der Notlaufeigenschaft zwischen den Gleit- bzw. Reibpartnern erreichen kann, und dadurch die Lebensdauer der Pumpen erhöht.
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  • 174
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    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 15 (1984), S. 34-40 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Additional Material: 19 Ill.
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  • 175
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Simple Constitutive Equations for Multiaxial Creep of Non-linear Viscoelastic MaterialsIsochronous creep data in uniaxial tension, compression and shear were used to formulate and test constitutive equations for nonlinear viscoelastic materials with different creep response in simple tension and compression.
    Notes: Isochrone Kriechergebnisse aus einachsigen Zug-, Druck- und Schubversuchen werden zur Formulierung und Untersuchung von Stoffgleichungen für nichtlinearviskoelastische Werkstoffe mit unterschiedlichem Kriechverhalten bei Zug- und Druckbeanspruchung verwendet.
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  • 176
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    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 15 (1984), S. A96 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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  • 177
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    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 15 (1984), S. 427-435 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Corrosion Resistant Materials for Fluorine and Hydrogen FluorideAluminum and Duralumin are restistant against fluorine and hydrogen fluoride up to 600 and 700 K, respectively. The resistance of nickel and its alloys, particularly monel, against fluorine and hydrogen fluoride is fairly good up to 900 and 800 K. During the attack of nickel-chromium alloys by fluorine between 1000 and 1300 K, it appears an inner fluorination similarly to the inner oxidation.The resistance of titanium in water-free liquid fluorine at lower temperatures with 〈 0,3 mm · a-1 is comparable to that of nickel and monel. However, the corrosion of titanium in gaseous fluorine amounts at 377 K only 0,0082 mm · a-1. In spite of their limited resistance against fluorine and hydrogen fluoride, very pure molybdenum and tungsten are employed as construction materials in the rocket technology because of their large strength at high temperatures if fluorine-hydrogen and fluorine-hydrazine flames are used.Lanthanum and calcium borides are only little attacked by fluorine hydrazine flames between 1400 and 1800K; they are superior to all special grade alloys. The same is true in a lower temperature region (290-400 K) with fluorcarbon resins. Organic materials substitute in increasing extent metal alloys and non-renetal inorganic materials.
    Notes: Unter den Metallen sind Aluminium und Duralumin gegen Fluor und trockenen Fluorwasserstoff bis 600 bzw. 700 K beständig. Die Beständigkeit von Nickel und seiner Legierungen, insbesondere Monel, gegen Fluor und Fluorwasserstoff reicht sogar bis etwa 900 bzw. 800 K. Beim Angriff von Fluor auf Nickel-Chromlegierungen zwischen 1000 und 1300 K tritt auch eine innere Fluorierung ähnlich der inneren Oxidschichtbildung auf.Die Beständigkeit von Titan in wasserfreiem flüssigem Fluor ist bei niedrigen Temperaturen mit 〈 0,3 mm · a-1 vergleichbar mit der von Nickel und Monel. In gasförmigem Fluor aber beträgt die Korrosion von Titan bei 377 K nur 0,0082 mm · a-1. Trotz ihrer bedingten Beständigkeit gegen Fluor und Fluorwasserstoff werden reinstes Molybdän und Wolfram wegen ihrer Festigkeit bei hohen Temperaturen in der Raketentechnik beim Antrieb mit Fluor-Wasserstoff bzw. Fluor-Hydrazin eingesetzt.Lanthan- und Calciumboride widerstehen Fluor-Hydrazinflammen zwischen 1400 und 1800 K und sind allen Speziallegierungen weit überlegen. Dieses gilt auch im niedrigeren Temperaturbereich (290-400 K) für die Fluorcarbonharze. Organische Werkstoffe verdrängen immer mehr metallische und nichtmetallische anorganische Werkstoffe.
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  • 178
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Einfluß der Kerb- und Proben-Größe auf die Dauerfestigkeit von Stahlproben - Überprüfung einiger BerechnungsverfahrenNeue, genauere Dauerversuche wurden für die Überprüfung von verschiedenen Berechnungsverfahren und für die Feststellung eines mehr sicheren Verhältnisses zwischen der Kerbwirkungszahl und dem Kerbradius angewendet. Es wurden Streubänder für die Abhängigkeit der Kerbempfindlichkeit βk/αk von dem Kerbradius für Stahlproben mit Formzahl αk ≤ 3,6 erhalten. Dabei wurden Versuchsergebnisse für große bauteilähnliche Proben mit großen Kerbradien auch eingezogen. Die Streubänder der Versuchspunkte wurden für vergütete und normalisierte Stähle separat dargestellt, aber die Ergebnisse von Umlaufbiege- und Zug-Druck-Versuchen wurden gemeinsam betrachtet.Die oberen und unteren Streubandgrenzen wurden analytisch mit Hilfe einer Zweiparameter-Formal vorgestellt. Diese berücksichtigt den Einfluß der Probengröße besser als die Formeln von Neuber, Peterson oder Stieler.
    Notes: New, more accurate fatigue test results were used for verification of different calculation methods and for establishing a more reliable relationship between the notch factor and the notch radius. Scatter bands for the dependence of the notch sensitivity KF/KT on the notch radius were obtained for steel specimens with stress concentration factors KT ≤ 3.6, with particular consideration of test results for large component similar specimens with large notch radii. The scatter bands of test points were ploted separately for tempered and normalized steels but the rotating-bending and tension-compression test results were considered together. Their upper and lower boundaries were expressed analytically with a two-parameter-formula. This formula takes better into account the notch-size effect than the formulas of Neuber, Peterson or Stieler.
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    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 15 (1984) 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 15 (1984), S. 210-214 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Methods for Quality Control of Solid Rolled Automotive PartsAn economically satisfactory solution has not yet been found for the quality control of solid rolled automotive components. In order to be able to reduce the time (and therefore costs) between rolling and machining, a method is needed, which controls quality direct on the rolling machine.The following up-to-date methods are presently applied in BMW plants. Control of rolling machine, grading test, internal stress test, inspection card, ground surface finish and hardness tests. Other tests are made on the steering knuckles, such as destructive chemical tests, gloss test, Barkhausen effect, dimension check, fine structure analysis and magnaflux testing.The two methods, which up to no permit a qualitative statement, namely internal stress test and Woehler fatigue test, are very involved. According to our present state of research the dimension check and fine structure analysis are good alternatives, to be able to considerably reduce the testing time between rolling and machining. The Barkhausen effect is a very elegant, non-destructive testing method to determine the grade of solid rolled components by way of comparison with sample parts.
    Notes: Die Qualitätskontrolle von festgewalzten Pkw-Bauteilen ist zum gegenwärtigen Zeitpunkt noch nicht wirtschaftlich zufriedenstellend gelöst. Um die Zeit zwischen dem Walzvorgang und der Montagefertigung, und um die Kosten zu reduzieren, ist eine Methode erwünscht, die eine Überwachung der Qualität unmittelbar an der Walzmaschine erlaubt.Es werden zuerst die folgenden aktuellen bei BMW angewandten Methoden vorgestellt: Kontrolle der Walzmaschine, Einstufenversuch, Eigenspannungsmessung, Kontrollkarte, Schliff und Härteverlauf. Die weiteren Prüfverfahren werden an Achsschenkeln erprobt: zerstörendes chemisches Verfahren, Glanzgradmessung, Barkhausen-Effekt, Maßkontrolle, Feinstrukturanalyse und Magnatest.Die zwei Methoden, die bis jetzt eine qualitative Aussage erlauben, Eigenspannungsmessung und Wöhlerversuch, sind sehr aufwendig. Nach unserem gegenwärtigen Untersuchungsstand sind Maßkontrolle und Feinstrukturanalyse gute Alternativen, um die Prüfzeit zwischen dem Walzvorgang und der Montagefertigung deutlich reduzieren zu können. Der Barkhausen-Effekt stellt eine sehr elegante zerstörungsfreie Prüfmöglichkeit dar, die Güte eines festgewalzten Bauteils nach Vergleich mit Musterteilen ermitteln zu können.
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    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 15 (1984), S. A44 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 15 (1984), S. 223-229 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Surface Protection for Tanks and Constructions in Waste Water Purification PlantsThe composition of waste water from chemical plants often requires a suitable surface protection for the steel or concrete substrates of constructions in water purification plants. The use of a suitable protection system will be instrumental in economizing and will enhance the availability of the plant.To study the resistance against chemical waste water, extensive tests with different corrosion protection systems were carried out under servicelike conditions. The most suitable system was a solventless epoxy-polyamin coating. Some examples and experiences in service with this protective coating are discussed.
    Notes: Die Abwasserbeschaffenheit in chemischen Anlagen erfordert häufig den Einsatz eines geeigneten Oberflächenschutzes auf dem Stahl- oder Betonuntergrund von Bauwerken in Abwasserreinigungsanlagen. Die Wahl eines geeigneten Schutzsystems trägt längerfristig zu Kosteneinsparungen bei und erhöht die Verfügbarkeit der Anlage.In umfangreichen Versuchsreihen wurden unterschiedliche Materialien unter praxisorientierten Bedingungen bezüglich ihrer Eignung in Chemieabwässern getestet. Als am besten geeignet erwies sich ein lösemittelfreies Epoxidharz. Anwendungsbeispiele mit diesem System werden aufgeführt.
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    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 15 (1984), S. A52 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 15 (1984), S. 264-268 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Eine phänomenologische Theorie der Schädigungs- und Adaptionsprozesse in festen KörpernIn der vorliegenden Arbeit wird versucht, ein phänomenologisches Konzept zu entwickeln, um den Tragfähigkeitsverlust belasteter Werkstoffe infolge struktureller und geometrischer Veränderungen mit Hilfe von Schädigungs- und Adaptionsparametern zu formulieren. Dabei wird die Einbuße an Tragfähigkeit, die etwa durch Wachstum struktureller und geometrischer Imperfektionen sowie durch andere Entfestigungsvorgänge, entsteht, als Schädigung schlechthin bezeichnet. Die Reaktion des Werkstoffs, bei Einwirkung äußerer Felder der auftretenden Schädigung das Gleichgewicht zu halten, erfolgt durch Adaptionsvorgänge, z. B. Verfestigung. Beide Prozesse werden durch kinetische Gleichungen beschrieben und in einfachen Beispielen besprochen.
    Notes: In the present paper the attempt is made to develop a phenomenological concept based on the assumption that the mechanical resistance of the material decreases as result of the structural and geometrical changes which take place in the solids during loading. This model is described in terms of damaging and adaptation parameters. The growth of structural and geometrical imperfections, as well as other softening processes leading to the loss of the mechanical strength of the solid regarded here as damaging processes. These damaging processes can occur simultaneously with the processes of material resistance (for example, strain-hardening) to the aggressive action of the external load. Development of the damaging and adaptation processes is described by properly kinetic equations. Several simple typical examples are discussed.
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    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 15 (1984), S. 298-298 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 186
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Investigations to Determine and Evaluate Damage Processes of Adhesive Bonds by Means of Acoustic EmissionThe damage process in metal adhesive bonds under quasistatic loads was monitored by means of acoustic emission analysis (AEA). Metallographic investigations allow the correlation between acoustic emission data and microscopic failure processes in the bondline of single lap adhesive joints. The influence of specimen geometry on the initiation of damages is discussed for several types of adhesives. Furthermore the relation between the preparation of the adherent surface and the onset of acoustic emission is as well described as the influence of manufacturing defects on the mechanical behaviour and the acoustic emission activity.
    Notes: Der Schädigungsablauf an einschnittig überlappten Klebverbindungen wurde mit Hilfe der Schallemissionsanalyse bei quasistatischer Belastung untersucht. An verschiedenen Klebstoffsystemen wird der Einfluß der Fügeteilgeometrie auf die Festigkeit und die Initiierung von Schäden in der Klebschicht dargestellt. Licht- und rasterelektronen-mikroskopische Gefügeuntersuchungen ermöglichen die Zuordnung der Schallemissionssignale zu den mikroskopischen Schädigungsvorgängen in der Klebschicht. Weiterhin wird der Zusammenhang zwischen der Fügeteilvorbehandlung und dem Beginn der Schädigungsausbildung sowie der Einfluß von Fertigungsfehlern auf die mechanisch-technologischen Eigenschaften von Metallklebungen diskutiert und Belastungsgrenzen aufgezeigt.
    Additional Material: 22 Ill.
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  • 187
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    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 15 (1984), S. 299-308 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: The Effect of Moisture on the Mechanical Properties of Phenolic Moulded MaterialsIn order to use thermosetting moulding material it is necessary to know how the mechanical properties are changed by absorption of water. Therefore, multiphase systems based on phenolic resin, with varying quantities of wood flour and/or powdered minerals as fillers, were examined. The relationship between moisture absorption and the change in Young's modulus, flexural strength and the strain of the outer fibre at fracture was determined. It could be shown that the increase in flexural strength as water absorption began is a result only of the swelling stress.
    Notes: Voraussetzung für den Einsatz duroplastischer Formstoffe in erhöhter Umgebungsfeuchte ist die Kenntnis der durch die Feuchteaufnahme bewirkten Änderung der mechanischen Werkstoffeigenschaften. Ausgehend von in ihrer Zusammensetzung variierten Mehrstoffsystemen auf der Basis Phenolharz/Holzmehl/Gesteinsmehl wird die formstoff- und feuchtespezifische Wechselwirkung zwischen Feuchteaufnahme, Biege-E-Modul, Biegefestigkeit und Randfaserdehnung beim Bruch aufgezeigt, und nachgewiesen, daß der zu Lagerungsbeginn zu beobachtende Anstieg der Biegefestigkeit ausschließlich auf durch Sorption hervorgerufene Druck-Eigenspannungen zurückzuführen ist.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
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  • 188
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    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 15 (1984) 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 189
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    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 15 (1984), S. 349-359 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: The Swelling Behaviour of Thermosetting MaterialsThe moisture absorption of moulded materials can endanger a construction because of the change in volume of various parts. Therefore it is necessary to know the maximum possible swelling of the moulded materials employed at different relative humidities. The swelling of modified phenolic resin systems are described. Wood flour (which absorbs moisture) and powdered minerals (which in this case can be considered as inert) were used as fillers.Different methods have been developed to calculate the maximum possible swelling after a relatively short testing time (ca. 1000 h).
    Notes: Die Feuchteaufnahme eines Formstoffes kann durch die damit verbundene Volumenänderung des Formteils die Funktion einer Baugruppe gefährden. Daher muß die maximal mögliche formstoff- und umgebungsfeuchtespezifische Quelldehnung der eingesetzten Formstoffe bekannt sein. Am Beispiel von Ein-, Zwei- und Dreistoffsystemen mit Phenolharz als Matrixwekstoff wird der Einfluß der Harzträger Holzmehl (im Hinblick auf die Feuchteaufnahme „aktiv“) und Gesteinsmehl („inaktiv“) auf die Quellung untersucht. In diesem Zusammenhang werden Methoden aufgezeigt, die eine Abschätzung der maximal möglichen Quelldehnung nach relativ kurzer Versuchsdauer (etwa 1000 h) ermöglichen.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
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  • 190
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    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Particle and Particle Systems Characterization 1 (1984), S. 14-21 
    ISSN: 0934-0866
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Mandelbrot has extended the concept of classical dimensional description of physical systems to include fractional values which describe the ruggedness of a structure. Thus if one has a dimension of 1.2 one knows that one is dealing with a line which fills space more efficiently than a line which has dimension of 1.1. A mathematical curve which exhibits ideal fractal structure has the same appearance when viewed at any level of scrutiny. Kaye and co-workers applied the concept of fractal mathematics to the description of the boundaries of fineparticle profiles. As demonstrated in this communication a natural fractal boundary in contrast with an ideal fractal can exhibit different fractal structures over different ranges of scrutiny. As a consequence one should always report the scale of scrutiny employed when examining the fractal structure of natural boundaries. Data is presented demonstrating the fractal/euclidean boundary structure manifest by aluminum shot fineparticles examined at various levels of scrutiny. The relationship between fractal descriptors of fineparticle boundaries and the Fourier analysis of geometric signature waveforms for describing the structure of fineparticles is explored. Data presented by Flook on the physical significance of the various co-efficients of a Fourier analysis of a signature waveform is correlated with the fractal description of the ruggedness of a profile.
    Additional Material: 11 Ill.
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  • 191
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    Particle and Particle Systems Characterization 1 (1984), S. 37-43 
    ISSN: 0934-0866
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Iterative numerical analysis methods, similar to those used for ray tracing in electron and ion guns, have been employed to calculate the electrical potential distribution in the vicinity of the orifice of an electrical sensing zone (esz) instrument. In particular, the electrical potential across the mouth of the orifice is considered and the effects of numerically bevelling the sharp peripheral edge are demonstrated.The results support the empirical equation: \documentclass{article}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$$ {\rm d}\phi {\rm /d}x \sim 1 + \alpha '\{(r/R)/(1 - r/R)\} ^{\beta '} $$\end{document} for the axial component of the potential gradient, dφ/dx, at the mouth of the orifice expressed as a function of the radial distance, r, from the centre of the orifice of radius R; α′ and β′ are empirical constants. This equation was derived from previously reported experimental data on relative shifts and heights of artefact peaks apparent on the coarse side of size distributions measured via the esz method on a series of latex copolymers.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
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  • 192
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    Particle and Particle Systems Characterization 1 (1984), S. 74-77 
    ISSN: 0934-0866
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The evaluation of particle size distributions of comminution products often shows that the experimental distributions cannot be represented by one of the well-known functions (GGS, RRSB, log-normal distributions). Although in some cases a more or less satisfactory approximation to one of these functions can be made, a physically meaningful interpretation is generally impossible. Using the frequency curve, it can often be shown that mixed distributions, represented by several statistical assemblies, do exist. In this paper the progeny size distributions of quartzite formed by slow compression comminution of single grains and particle beds as well as of the comminution products of a roller mill are interpreted as superpositions of several statistical assemblies each of which can be represented by a truncated log-normal distribution.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
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  • 193
    ISSN: 0934-0866
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: An apparatus is described for the fast and automatic measurement of the grain size distribution of sand ranging from 0 to 4 mm. A sample of sand continuously introduced at a rate of 30 g/min is separated by the apparatus into seven fractions of 0-0.063, 0.063-0.125, 0.125-0.25, 0.25-0.5, 0.5-1, 1-2, and 2-4 mm. The amount of sand in each of these fractions is determined and the results are given in time intervals of 1 minute. The sand is separated in a separation chamber through which water streams in a horizontal laminar flow. The samples are separated according to their settling velocities. The four coarse fractions descend to the bottom of the chamber. They are collected and weighed under water. The three fine fractions remain suspended in three effluent water streams. The quantity of sand is measured in flow cells by absorption of laser light. Control of the system as well as the collection and processing of the measured data are done by means of an electronic control unit and a microcomputer.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
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  • 194
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    Particle and Particle Systems Characterization 1 (1984), S. 96-101 
    ISSN: 0934-0866
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The principle of an instantaneous reading, respirable dust, photometer and its application are described. The instrument measures the infrared light (940 nm wavelength) scattered on airborne particles under a mean scattering angle of 70°. Its open measuring chamber, which is insensitive to daylight, is filled with total dust. The photometer reading, however, is calibrated in terms of mass concentration of respirable dust by means of a gravimetric respirable dust sampler. Experiments carried out with monodisperse test aerosols and with real dusts confirm the instrument's principle. The photometer values obtained for real dusts can be linearly converted into mass values of respirable dust as long as ultra-fine or ultra-coarse dusts are excluded. In several practical cases an increased flux of scattered light is compensated for by a higher density of the dust material.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
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  • 195
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    Particle and Particle Systems Characterization 1 (1984), S. 112-116 
    ISSN: 0934-0866
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The application of a new LDA method which simultaneously measures the size and velocity of small water droplets in the spray cone of a fan type water nozzle is described. As the phase difference between adjacent photomultipliers responding to signals from a fringe mode LDA is linearly proportional to the diameter of the spherical particle in the measuring volume, the new instrument allows, for long distances between the optical devices and the measuring volume in the spray, non-invasive measurements and from these the correlation of size and velocity of the individual droplet in order to establish two-dimensional distributions. From the new LDA instrument one receives definite information about the volume-flow concentration in the measuring point of an enclosed flow situation.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
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  • 196
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    Particle and Particle Systems Characterization 1 (1984), S. 137-142 
    ISSN: 0934-0866
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Deep-sea manganese nodules must be potentially valuable one of the most mineral resources containing several economically valuable metal elements. Manganese minerals in the nodules are regarded principally as todorokite and δ-MnO2. The todorokite phase is porous and enriched in copper and nickel, while the porous δ-MnO2 phase is enriched in cobalt. Porosity and adsorption as well as dissolution characteristics have been observed for each constituent mineral. Furthermore the pore diffusion coefficient has been calculated. Moreover, the zeta potential of each constituent mineral has been measured in order to evaluate the electrochemical property. This has been applied successfully to the selective concentration of copper and nickel bearing or cobalt bearing minerals in deep-sea manganese nodules.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
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  • 197
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    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 7 (1984), S. 142-143 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Solute focussing ; Solvent effect ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 198
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    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 7 (1984), S. 153-154 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Liquid chromatography, HPLC ; Silanized silica for HPLC ; Surface silanol groups ; Dimethylzinc tetrahydrofuranate ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 199
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    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 7 (1984), S. 156-157 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Liquid chromatography, HPLC ; HPLC profiling ; Prostaglandins ; High speed HPLC ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 200
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    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 7 (1984), S. 151-152 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Micro HPLC ; Multichannel photodiode array detector ; Components in a medicine ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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