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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Intensity of the (III) Reflexion for Diamond (1959)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 184 (1959), S. 264-264 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] F-values given in the recent publication1 were cal culated from the experimental data using the absorp tion coefficient for CuKa-radiation [i/p 4*52 as given in Compton and Allison, p. 802, Table 1 (1942) and also in D'Ans-Lax, "Taschenbuch fur Chemiker und Physiker", p. 83 (1949). But, since ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/184264b0
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    CARS spectroscopy of molecules and clusters in supersonic jets (1988)
    Springer
    Applied physics 45 (1988), S. 205-214 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0649
    Keywords: 42.65 ; 33.20.Fb ; 36.40.+d ; 34.50.Ez
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract Supersonic molecular beams of D2, CH4, NH3, and C2H4 are investigated in the expansion region employing collinear coherent anti-Stokes Raman spectroscopy (CARS). The analysis of rotationally resolved CARS spectra allows the determination of temperatures in the beam. The rotational relaxation as a function of stagnation pressure and separation from the nozzle is studied by recording theQ branch for D2 and the ν3 R andS branches for CH4. Rotational temperatures for NH3 are determined by investigating the complete ν3 band. At strong stagnation conditions broad structures arise which can be attributed to the formation of NH3 clusters. For C2H4 the ν5 band with resolved rotational structure is reported. Again, at larger distances from the nozzle, broad structures are observed. They are assigned to the ν1 and ν5 vibrations in the C2H4 cluster.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00687148
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Histamine content, diamine oxidase activity and histamine methyltransferase activity in human tissues: Fact or fictions? (1984)
    Springer
    Inflammation research 14 (1984), S. 325-334 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-908X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract To understand the role of histamine in the aetiology and pathogenesis of human diseases reliable data are urgently needed for the histamine content and for the activities of histamine-forming and-inactivating enzymes in human tissues. In order to make a substantial progress toward this aim a tissue-sampling programme during surgical interventions was carefully conceived and conducted. From March 1982 until January 1983 106 tissue specimens were taken from 56 patients who underwent surgery. Only healthy tissues, not injured or oedematous, and without adherent structures were taken by only one surgeon who was interested in this research and experienced in tissue preparation procedures in biochemistry. The times of ‘warm’ ischaemia during the operative procedures were visually estimated, the times between resection of the organs or specimens and deep-freezing of the tissues were precisely recorded. Compared to previous work in the literature and especially to our own work using the same assays for determination higher histamine contents were found in this study in most of the tissues, in particular in the gastrointestinal tract. Also the diamine oxidase activities were considerably higher in many organs, e.g. 3–4 times higher in the gastrointestinal tract when compared with those in publications of our group who used always the same analytical test. However, the histamine methyltransferase activities in this study were not at variance to those determined in previous investigations. Many of them were reported in this communication for the first time. Since the methods for histamine determination and those for measuring enzymic activities were not different in this study and in previous communications of our group we are convinced that the optimized tissue-sampling and-preparation techniques were responsible for the higher values in this communication. But the problem of the ‘warm’ ischaemia period could not be solved by sample-taking procedures of this type during operations. There are good reasons to prefer biopsy specimens for the analysis of histamine storage and metabolism in human tissues in health and disease, but — unfortunately — they are not always available.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01973821
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Reliability and practicability of the fluorometric-fluoroenzymatic histamine determination in pathogenetic studies on peptic ulcer: Detection limits and problems with specificity (1987)
    Springer
    Inflammation research 21 (1987), S. 1-25 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-908X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Histamine, among various “biologic-physiologic” abnormalities, is considered as a pathogenetic factor in chronic duodenal ulcer disease. The 10–30 per cent difference between its concentration in gastric and duodenal mucosa of patients compared to healthy controls, however, has to be demonstrated to be specific for the disease. It has to be shown to be neither a methodological artefact nor a common effect, concomitant factor or consequence. This study, after a series of pathogenetic trials examines systematic errors (biases) in the fluorometric-fluoroenzymatic histamine assay under the conditions of field studies including tests on specificity over a time period of 10 years. It concentrates on sensitivity (detection limits) and specificity of a standard technique described herein. A modified Shore procedure for large scale assays in human biopsies was developed including reference luminescence values for all reagents, cleaning material and glassware, reduction of OPD concentration to 0.05%, purification ofn-heptan, omission of centrifugation steps in the extraction procedure and use of 2 ml 1M HClO4 in the homogenization step to prevent losses of histamine due to adherence to the mechanical homogenizer. This assay was sensitive enough to measure histamine without difficulty in any biopsy taken. The detection limit was 3 ng/biopsy, but the smallest quantities of the amine ever obtained were 10.6 and 18.3 ng/biopsy (depending on both histamine content and biopsy weight). A series of problems had to be solved both in achieving and demonstrating specificity. It had to be defined not only for the assay in general, but also for assessing the difference in histamine content between ulcer patients and healthy controls. Exogenous more than endogenous fluorescing material interfering with the determination had to be excluded. A series of pitfalls were detected which had to be overcome in demonstrating the specificity of the assay by physicochemical and enzymatic tests. The specificity of the identification tests was more often impaired than the histmine assay itself. Fluorescing material interfering with the assay occurred in the homogenization, extraction and condensation steps, was found in water, OPD, the organic solvents, the cleaning material and in all kinds of plastic vessels. Plasticizers were shown by physicochemical characteristics including fluorescence spectra to be most likely responsible for this interfering material. Rules were developed to exclude such hazards in specificity in longterm pathobiochemical studies.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01974915
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Anaphylactoid reactions and histamine release do not occur after application of the opioid tramadol (1987)
    Springer
    Inflammation research 20 (1987), S. 310-313 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-908X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract After an i.v. application of 100 mg tramadol in 13 healthy volunteers (1) no change in plasma histamine concentration could be detected, (2) systemic anaphylactoid reactions did not occur, (3) cutaneous reactions were not rated as anaphylactoid since itching and erythema were seen only once after tramadol whereas erythema was also observed twice after saline, (4) blood pressure and heart rate were only very slightly and transiently elevated without any abnormalities in ECG-readings and (5) only side effects typical for opioid therapy were observed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02074699
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Histamine storage and metabolism of human liver in disorders of the biliary tract (1980)
    Springer
    Inflammation research 10 (1980), S. 101-104 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-908X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract In three clinical-biochemical trials (all prospective, two balanced but only the last one randomized) histamine methyltransferase (HMT) activity and histamine content were determined in liver tissue of patients being operated for an epigastric tumour or a chronic duodenal ulcer (control group) and of those suffering from disorders of the biliary tract (test group). With median HMT-activities between 361 and 427 pmol/(min×mg protein) in the control and the test groups the human liver showed the highest histamine methylation capacity of all organs of all species hitherto investigated. This explained the well-known high elimination rate from the portal plasma by a single passage through the liver. Whereas patients of the control groups showed median hepatic histamine values between 1.4 and 1.9 μg/g tissue, the corresponding values in patients suffering from cholelithiasis lay between 2.6 and 2.8 μg/g tissue. The observed increase was only 37% in the first (unbalanced and non-randomized) trial (p=0.100;n=50), but was 100% both in the second (balanced) and third (randomized) trial (p〈0.03;n=44 resp.n=24). The results show, that performing a randomized controlled clinical-biochemical trial including only 24 patients and running only for two months (trial 3) led to the same results at the same level of significance as a balanced but non-randomized trial (trial 2) with 44 patients and a four-month investigation period. A prospective but unbalanced trial (trial 1), however, did not show any significant result at all, nevertheless comprising a great number of patients (n=50).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02024187
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Gastric histamine methyltransferase: Different methylation rates for enantiomers of side-chain methylated histamine analogues using a highly purified enzyme preparation (1984)
    Springer
    Inflammation research 14 (1984), S. 346-350 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-908X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The inhibitor/activator and substrate properties of enantiomers of two methylated histamines (MH) were investigated using a histamine methyltransferase preparation which was purified 1207-fold from pig fundic mucosa by ultracentrifugation, ion-exchange chromatography on DEAE-cellulose and preparative electrofocusing. In 1–100 μM concentrations,S-α-MH andR-α-MH were acceptor substrates as good as histamine itself. When substrate concentrations were increased to 1 mM these substances were methylated to an even greater extent than histamine, since they did not exert substrate inhibition on HMT. Introduction of a further methyl-group into the Nα-position reduced acceptor substrate properties drastically. A difference in methylation was then seen sinceR-α,N α-DMH was a better substrate thanS-α,N α-DMH, Whereas α-MH's could not activate HMT the α,N α-DMH's did. The poorer the substrate affinity of the investigated substances was, the better they were able to activate HMT.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01973824
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Assay and identification of histamine in human gastric aspirate by a fluorometric-fluoroenzymatic technique. Its application in patients with chronic duodenal ulcer (1982)
    Springer
    Inflammation research 12 (1982), S. 17-25 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-908X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Histamine assays can be unreliable in individual subjects or samples even though the particular method is in general working very well. Therefore the specificity and accuracy of histamine determination in the gastric aspirate of individual duodenal ulcer patients was thoroughly examined and shown to be satisfactory. Pitfalls of the fluorometric assay were investigated. A native (non-histamine) fluorescence in gastric aspirate which occurs before the addition of OPT was not removed by the original Shore procedure. In the combined assay (Dowex 50+ butanol extraction) this fluorescence no longer interferes with the assay. For the identification of histamine in a single gastric aspirate of an individual duodenal ulcer patient, the reversed blank (3M HCl added to the reaction mixture before OPT instead after OPT), excitation and fluorescence spectra, the heating test with spectra recorded and the HMT test were found to be reliable. The formaldehyde test and the heating test without recording the spectra were useless since they gave false negative results. Since the HMT test was regarded as a reference method it was thoroughly investigated both by theoretical considerations (enzyme kinetics) and by a series of measurements in a single patient as well as in a group of nine subjects. Samples from the period of peak acid output in response to pentagastrin showed an average histamine concentration of about 8 ng/ml and a histamine output of 1.5 μg/30 min.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01965100
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ranitidin und Cimetidin in der Prophylaxe der Streßulcus-Blutung: Eine prospektive Multicenter-Vergleichsstudie (1984)
    Springer
    Langenbeck's archives of surgery 362 (1984), S. 131-138 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-2451
    Keywords: H2-Blockers ; Cimetidine, ranitidine ; Stress ulcer ; Intensive care patients ; Antacids ; Gastric acid secretion
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung In einer multizentrisch durchgeführten prospektiven Einfachblind-Studie wurde die Wirksamkeit des H2-Blockers Ranitidin mit der von Cimetidin in der Prophylaxe streßbedingter Blutungen aus dem oberen Gastrointestinaltrakt verglichen. An dieser Studie nahmen insgesamt 380 Patienten teil. In randomisierter Anordnung erhielten 192 Patienten 4 × 50 mg Ranitidin i.v. bzw. 2 × 150 mg oral. 180 Patienten wurde 4 × 400 mg Cimetidin i.v. bzw: 1000 mg oral verabreicht. 5 Patienten unter Ranitidin (2,6%) und 12 Patienten unter Cimetidin (6,4 %) entwickelten eine obere gastrointestinale Blutung, die eindeutig oder möglicherweise auf Streßläsionen zurückzuführen war. Dieser Unterschied war nicht statistisch signifikant. Streßläsionen konnten bei 11,8 % in der Ranitidin- und bei 18,3 % in der Cimetidin-Gruppe endoskopisch nachgewiesen werden (nicht signifikant). Unter Ranitidin wurden Übelkeit, Erbrechen und Tachykardie (n = 4) und unter Cimetidin Cholestase und zentralnervöse Symptome (n = 10) registriert. Ranitidin ist somit in der Prophylaxe der Streßulcus-Blutung vergleichbar wirksam wie Cimetidin.
    Notes: Summary In a multicentre single-blind study, ranitidine was compared to cimetidine as prophylactic treatment against stress-induced upper gastrointestinal bleeding in seriously ill patients in the intensive care unit (ICU). 380 patients entered the study. 192 patients were treated with ranitidine 50 mg q.i.d. as i.v. bolus followed by 150mg orally twice daily. 188 patients received cimetidine 400 mg q.i.d. intravenously and 1,000 mg daily orally in divided doses. Five patients in the ranitidine group (2.6%) and 12 in the cimetidine group (6.4%) developed gastrointestinal bleeding definitely or possibly due to stress lesions. This difference was not significant. The incidence of stress erosions or ulcerations developing during the study was 11.8 % for the ranitidine group and 18.3% for the cimetidine group (non-significant difference). Adverse events in the ranitidine group were nausea, tachycardia or vomiting in 4 patients. 5 cimetidine-treated patients developed cholestasis, and 5 additional central nervous system problems. The high degree of efficacy of both drugs compared very favourably with the high incidence of stress ulceration and hemorrhage in similar untreated populations.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01254187
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Technik der „Kontinenten Proktocolektomie”: Totale Colektomie, Proktomucosektomie, ileo-anale Anastomose mit vorgeschaltetem Ileumreservoir (1987)
    Springer
    Langenbeck's archives of surgery 371 (1987), S. 161-174 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-2451
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01251907
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