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  • 11
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Tokamak Fusion Test Reactor prototype x-ray pulse-height analyzer diagnostic (1985)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 56 (1985), S. 840-842 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: The x-ray pulse-height analysis (PHA) diagnostic uses a liquid-nitrogen cooled array of 5 Si(Li) and one HpGe detectors to do time-resolved (5–100 ms) x-ray spectroscopy of the central horizontal chord of the Tokamak Fusion Test Reactor (TFTR) plasmas in the 1–50-keV range. Central electron temperature Te and concentration of medium and low-Z impurities are derived from the spectra. Remotely selectable absorber-foil arrays provide selection of the energy range. Fixed and movable aperture arrays allow approximate equalization of count rates in different energy bands and extend dynamic range. Amplifier pulse shapes are approximately triangular. Main amplifier peaking time is 4 μs yielding 230-eV FWHM at 5.9 keV. Pileup inspection times are selectable at 0.13, 0.4, or 0.9 μs. Throughput is up to 42 kHz. The PHA has been used to study temperature and impurities over a wide range of TFTR operational parameters. Dramatic variations in metal impurities with density, plasma current, and major radius have been observed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1138517
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  • 12
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Tokamak Fusion Test Reactor horizontal high-resolution Bragg x-ray spectrometer (1985)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 56 (1985), S. 1165-1168 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: A bent quartz-crystal spectrometer of the Johann type with a spectral resolution of λ/Δλ= 10000–25000 is used on the Tokamak Fusion Test Reactor (TFTR) to determine central plasma parameters from the spectra of helium-like and lithium-like metal impurity ions (Ti, Cr, Fe, and Ni). The spectra are observed along a central radial chord and are recorded by a position-sensitive multiwire proportional counter with a spatial resolution of 250 μ. Standard delay-line time-difference readout is employed. The data are histogrammed and stored in 64 K of memory providing 128 time groups of 512-channel spectra. The central ion temperature and the toroidal plasma rotation are inferred from the Doppler broadening and Doppler shift of the Kα lines. The central electron temperature, the distribution of ionization states, and dielectronic recombination rates are obtained from satellite-to-resonance line ratios. The performance of the spectrometer is demonstrated by measurements of the Ti xxi Kα radiation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1138023
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  • 13
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    TFTR epithermal neutron detector system: Recalibration and effect of nonisotropic neutron emission (1988)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 59 (1988), S. 1682-1684 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: The primary TFTR neutron source strength measurement system consists of seven fission detectors previously calibrated with D–D and D–T neutron generators and a 252Cf neutron source inside the TFTR vacuum vessel. A recalibration became desirable because of the addition of major components to the tokamak. The new calibration with the D–D neutron generator in situ is consistent with the detection efficiencies measured in the previous calibrations, within the uncertainties. Effects of the anisotropic emission of the neutron generator, due both to the variation of the differential D–D yield with angle (similar to that from beam–target and beam–beam reactions in the beam-driven TFTR plasma) and to scattering and absorption by the generator heads have been observed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1140132
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  • 14
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Measurements of the ion temperature and plasma rotation from Kα emission with the TFTR horizontal x-ray crystal spectrometer (abstract) (1988)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 59 (1988), S. 1853-1853 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: The TFTR horizontal x-ray crystal spectrometer has been improved by installation of γ and neutron shielding and is now operating in the TFTR Test Cell up to the presently maximum neutron production rates of 2×1016 neutrons/s. Further optimization by using a modified detector may assure operation of the spectrometer during the DT phase when TFTR is covered by an igloo. The instrument is set up for simultaneous observation of the entire satellite spectrum of Ni xxvii, and it provides data on the time evolution of the central ion temperature and the central plasma rotation velocity. Ion temperatures of 20–30 keV have been measured under "supershot'' conditions. The highest rotation velocity observed with unidirectional injection was 1.1×106 m/s.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1140087
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  • 15
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Measurements of the ion temperature and plasma rotation from Kα emission with the TFTR horizontal x-ray crystal spectrometer (1988)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 59 (1988), S. 2127-2130 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: The TFTR horizontal x-ray crystal spectrometer has been improved by installation of γ and neutron shielding and is now operating in the TFTR Test Cell up to the presently maximum neutron production rates of 2×1016 neutrons/s. Further optimization by using a modified detector may assure operation of the spectrometer during the DT phase when TFTR is covered by an igloo. The instrument is set up for simultaneous observation of the entire satellite spectrum of Ni xxvii, and it provides data on the time evolution of the central ion temperature and the central plasma rotation velocity. Ion temperatures of 20–30 keV have been measured under "supershot'' conditions. The highest rotation velocity observed with unidirectional injection was 1.1×106 m/s.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1139974
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  • 16
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Measurements of radial profiles of the ion temperature and the plasma rotation velocity with the TFTR vertical x-ray crystal spectrometer (1988)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 59 (1988), S. 2131-2134 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: The TFTR vertical x-ray crystal spectrometer has now been operating with three crystals and position-sensitive detectors according to the original design specifications. The observed spectra of heliumlike Ti xxi, Cr xxiii, Fe xxv, and Ni xxvii have permitted a detailed comparison with the predictions from atomic theories, and they have provided data on the radial profiles of the ion temperature and toroidal rotation velocity, as well as the radial ion charge-state distribution in TFTR discharges. Central ion temperatures of 20 keV and central plasma rotation velocities of 5×105 m/s have been recorded from plasmas with auxiliary neutral beam heating. These experimental results are presented. Also discussed are further instrumental improvements, such as the installation of two additional crystals and detectors and the installation of γ and neutron shielding, which will make it possible to measure under full DD and DT operation with 27 MW of neutral beam injection where neutron production rates of 1019 neutrons/s are expected.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1139975
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  • 17
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    TFTR vertical x-ray imaging system (1986)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 57 (1986), S. 2133-2135 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: A vertically viewing x-ray imaging system (XIS) has been designed to complement the existing 64-channel horizontal system on the tokamak fusion test reactor (TFTR) and enhance measurements of soft x-ray emissivity, plasma (major) radial position, and magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) phenomena. System parameters have been selected to provide adequate signal strength and spatial resolution while permitting a substantial size and cost reduction with respect to the horizontal system. The compact, helium filled x-ray camera employs four eight-channel silicon detector modules and views the plasma through a 3-mil-thick beryllium window, providing 6-cm position resolution at the center. An x-ray absorber foil changer permits energy selection to match the horizontal XIS. Lead and hydrogenous shielding reduce noise from thermonuclear neutrons and associated gamma rays.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1138708
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  • 18
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Vertical high-resolution Bragg x-ray spectrometer for the tokamak fusion test reactor (1986)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 57 (1986), S. 2145-2147 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: A Bragg x-ray spectrometer of high spectral resolution (λ/Δλ=10 000–20 000) which accommodates three crystals and position-sensitive detectors in the Johann configuration has been installed in the diagnostic basement of the tokamak fusion test reactor (TFTR) for the measurement of radial ion temperature profiles. The ion temperature is derived from the Doppler broadening of Kα-resonance lines of metal impurity ions, e.g., Ti, Cr, Fe, and Ni, in the helium-like and hydrogen-like charge states. The x-ray diffraction plane is almost perpendicular to the magnetic axis, but slightly tilted by an angle of 3.8°, which makes it possible to measure poloidal and toroidal plasma rotation velocities of vaitch-theta〉5×103 m/s and vΦ〉1×105 m/s, from the Doppler shift of spectral lines. Results obtained from the observation of TiXXl Kα-line spectra with a 220-silicon crystal of a 2d spacing of 3.8400 A(ring) and a curvature radius of 11.05 m are reported.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1138711
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  • 19
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Diagnostic applications of the TFTR XIS system (1986)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 57 (1986), S. 2136-2138 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: The horizontal x-ray imaging system (XIS) on the tokamak fusion test reactor (TFTR) tokamak is an array of 64 silicon surface-barrier x-ray diodes, with a 2.5-cm spatial resolution. The XIS system is primarily used to study magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) instabilities, but has also been used to measure electron thermal diffusivity, electron temperature, the radius of the q=1 surface, plasma vertical position, and toroidal rotation of the plasma. Movable absorber-foil arrays provide energy selection. Bandpass analog filters and digital techniques have been used on the x-ray signals in an attempt to infer turbulence levels in the plasmas. Details of the above techniques will be presented.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1138709
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  • 20
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    MIRI: A multichannel far-infrared interferometer/polarimeter for TFTR (abstract) (1985)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 56 (1985), S. 938-938 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: A double path multichannel far-infrared interferometer/ polarimeter employing retroreflectors for density and current profile determination has been developed for TFTR. The system containing about 400 optical components is mounted on a 70 000-lb. vibration-free stand which encircles TFTR. Optically pumped cw CH3OH (λ=110 μm, p(approximately-equal-to)100 mW) twin lasers with a frequency separation of l MHz are employed as a source. Quasioptical Schottky diodes (NEP(approximately-equal-to)l0−9 W(Hz)1/2) are used as detectors. Considerable efforts are devoted to have remote control capabilities for future D–T operation. The detailed design characteristics of this system together with preliminary results of chord averaged density information will be presented. Also the theoretical aspects of Faraday rotation for TFTR plasma will be discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1138051
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