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  • 11
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Value of the fluctuation test for establishing the origin of agar-resistant L particles emerging in S subclones of ECHO virus 19 (1969)
    Springer
    Archives of virology 28 (1969), S. 1-6 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-8798
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The aim of the authors was to verify the value of the fluctuation test as a criterion to differentiate between mutational versus adaptive origin of variants emerging in genetically pure virus populations. Mutation from the S to L plaque character in ECHO virus 19 was investigated. Several tests on S parental virus stock subcultures obtained under single cycle growth conditions in tubes and a single test on 59 subclones of the same virus population representing isolated plaques harvested after 5 days' multiplication were performed. Nine out of the 11 tests in the first series exhibited a distribution of the number of mutants characteristic of induced adaptive processes. In only two tests of the first series and in the test performed with fiveday old subclones, mutant distribution was of the clonal type and accordingly χ2 and F test significant. The possible explanation of the low incidence of “explosive” mutant clones is discussed and it is suggested that in its present form the fluctuation test as applied to viruses may yield nonsignificant results although true mutation is present. Accordingly, under these conditions the test does not offer a sensitive enough criterion for ascertaining the mutational origin of virus variants.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01250839
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  • 12
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Experimental skin infection with an Acyclovir resistant herpes simplex virus mutant: Response to antiviral treatment and protection against reinfection (1980)
    Springer
    Archives of virology 65 (1980), S. 237-246 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-8798
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Skin infections induced in hairless mice with an Acyclovir resistant herpes simplex virus (HSV) mutant were not followed by the death of the animals, and the survivors had no evidence of latent infections in their sensory ganglia. However, mutant virus was detected in the ganglia during the acute phase of the infection. Mice inoculated with the mutant were fully protected against the fatal outcome of the infection when subsequently challenged with the relatively pathogenic parental virus. In addition the frequency of latent infections established after challenge was significantly reduced. Phosphonoacetic acid treatment of the primary mutant-induced infection abolished the protection against reinfection with parental virus. Acyclovir treatment of the primary infection with the mutant virus did not affect the protection against reinfection with parental virus. The results indicate that drug-resistant, latency-negative, HSV mutants are a promising starting point for the development of an attenuated HSV vaccine.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01314540
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  • 13
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Efficacy of a virion envelope herpes simplex virus vaccine against experimental skin infections in hairless mice (1981)
    Springer
    Archives of virology 68 (1981), S. 73-80 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-8798
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Hairless mice were immunized with herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) envelope antigen (EAG), EAG in association with polyriboinosinic · polyribocytidylic acid-poly-L-lysine complexed with carboxymethylcellulose (PICLC), and inactivated purified HSV-1 (VAG). After 2 weeks the mice were challenged by a percutaneous HSV-1 infection in the orofacial (OF) or lumbosacral (LS) skin area. Following immunization a consistent cell-mediated immune response was observed in all immunized mice, although the humoral immune response was very low, or not detectable. After challenge, a marked secondary humoral and cell-mediated immune response developed in all immunized mice, and the animals were protected against the development of skin lesions and the fatal outcome of infection. However, the establishment of latent infections in the sensory ganglia was not prevented by the immunization procedure.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01314437
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  • 14
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The pathogenesis of acute, latent and recurrent herpes simplex virus infections (1982)
    Springer
    Archives of virology 72 (1982), S. 143-168 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-8798
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01348961
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  • 15
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Genetic transfer of guanidine resistance from type 2 to type 1 poliovirus (1966)
    Springer
    Archives of virology 18 (1966), S. 231-243 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-8798
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Following mixed infection of monkey kidney cells with a guanidine-sensitive clonal derivative of the attenuated LSc2ab type 1 poliovirus strain and with a guanidine-resistant clonal derivative of the MEF1 type 2 strain, the frequency of guanidine-resistant type 1 particles was found to be increased in the progeny. The frequency of these particles was almost 4 times higher than that of spontaneous mutants in the progeny of the self cross. This difference being statistically significant it is considered to be an argument in favour to the occurrence of recombination between the two serologically unrelated poliovirus strains. Investigation of a group of unselected genetic markers in the type 1 guanidine-resistant clonal strains derived from the progeny of mixed infection showed that transfer of guanidine resistance from the type 2 parental strain was not associated with the transfer of any other character of this strain.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01241844
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  • 16
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Mutability towards L plaque character of the ECHO virus 19 S particles (1968)
    Springer
    Archives of virology 23 (1968), S. 313-325 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-8798
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The experimental conditions suitable forS→L mutation rate determination in ECHO virus 19 were investigated. Selection curves ofL mutants during multicycle growth andS→L mutation rate determinations in single cycle growth of clonalS virus populations were performed on monkey kidney cultures with and without human embryo extract and, respectively, calf serum added as well as on human embryo cultures. The mutation rate values obtained varied for the sameS clone with the selective effect of the host cell-medium system used even in single cycle growth experiments. On human embryo cultures (selectively favouringL particles) mutation-rate values were the highest, while on monkey kidney cells in the presence of human embryo extracts (with stabilizing effect onS virus) these values were lowest. Finally on unsupplemented monkey kidney cultures intermediate mutation rate values were recorded. It thus seems impossible to establish the exact role of mutation and that of favouring or limiting effects of selection in theS→L shift of ECHO virus 19 populations during in vitro passages. These findings also suggest that actualS→L mutation rate values could be obtained only on host cell systems selectively “neutral” for parentalS and mutantL particles. The impossibility to resolve this vicious cycle —i.e. necessity to know the rate of a mutational event prior to its determination — imposes specification of the host cell medium system in studies in which mutation rate determinations are performed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01242127
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  • 17
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Dissemination of herpes simplex virus in ganglia after footpad inoculation in neurectomized and non-neurectomized mice (1983)
    Springer
    Archives of virology 77 (1983), S. 231-238 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-8798
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary After unilateral footpad inoculation with herpes simplex virus (HSV) the infection spreads initially to the ipsilateral and afterwards to the contralateral spinal ganglia. In about 25 percent of the mice the virus also reaches the trigeminal ganglia. Furthermore, we have shown that only a complete severance of the nervous connections can prevent the colonization of ganglia with HSV after footpad inoculation. Results of previous experiments in which only the sectioning of the sciatic nerve was able to prevent the invasion of ganglia, are difficult to explain. It appears also that HSV travels in the nerve toward the ganglia in a non-infectious form, and that the infectious virus detectable in nerves originates not from the peripheral inoculation site, but from the infectious virus pool which accumulates in spinal ganglia. A limited role of the circulatory system in the colonization of sensory ganglia by HSV cannot be excluded, since in a few cases virus was detected in ganglia after sectioning of both the sciatic and the femoral nerve.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01309270
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  • 18
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Über einen Tumor des Kleinhirns mit anfallsweise auftretendem Tonusverlust und monokulärer Diplopie bzw. binokulärer Triplopie (1934)
    Springer
    European archives of psychiatry and clinical neuroscience 102 (1934), S. 478-492 
    Details
    ISSN: 1433-8491
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01813824
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  • 19
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Interaction of alkyl ammonium derivatives with red cells: Hemolysis and sodium pump inhibition studies (1980)
    Springer
    The journal of membrane biology 55 (1980), S. 123-131 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1424
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Summary Members of four homologous series of tetra-alkyl ammonium bromides (R 3N+(CH2) n−1·CH3Br− whereR=H, CH3 or C2H5 andR′N+H3Br− whereR′ represents the isomeric butyl series) have been synthesized and tested as sodium pump inhibitors, measured as ouabain-sensitive K+ influx, and as hemolytic agents on human red cells. Potency for both effects is presented graphically, plotting the logarithm of the concentration for half maximal effect against alkyl chain length. Both hemolysis and pump inhibition studies yielded a biphasic response consisting of two good straight lines, with effectiveness increasing up to C10–12 and then remaining constant up to C20. For hemolysis the alkyl ammonium series was most effective. The calculated free-energy change per methylene group was the same for three series of compounds, but the free-energy contribution from the headgroup was lower for the ammonium series. In contrast, although pump inhibition studies also yielded simple biphasic plots, inhibition occurred at 3- to 50-fold lower concentrations and there were significant differences between the three series, both in the free-energy changes per methylene group and in the headgroup contributions. We have analyzed these results thermodynamically to take account of hydrophobic interactions and the conformation of the alkyl chains.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01871154
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  • 20
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Pressure and temperature effects on human red cell cation transport (1982)
    Springer
    The journal of membrane biology 68 (1982), S. 47-56 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1424
    Keywords: hydrostatic pressure ; potassium flux ; erythrocyte membrane ; water of hydration ; anion effect ; thermodynamic analysis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Summary The effects of hydrostatic pressure and temperature on the three components of K+ uptake in human red cells have been investigated, using ouabain and bumetanide to distinguish between the pump, passive diffusion and cotransport. The pressure sensitivity for passive diffusion has been shown to depend on the counter-ion present. The order of this effect, Cl−〉Br−〉NO 3 − 〉I−, is the same as for the ionic partial modal volumes and the Hofmeister series. We have analyzed our experimental results thermodynamically, and propose a model for the activated transition-state complex of the potassium ion which involves the loss of water molecules from the secondary hydration shell, cosphere II.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01872253
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