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  • 1
    ISSN: 1365-2559
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: In addition to predominant granulocytic proliferation, bone marrow morphology in Philadelphia chromosome positive (Ph1+) CML is characterized by atypical dwarf or microforms of megakaryocytes. However, following therapy with interferon-α2b (IFN), these micromegakaryocytes occur less frequently. The purpose of this study was to elucidate whether the reappearance of normal megakaryocytes may be associated also with a reduction of the bcr/abl-positive cell clone.〈section xml:id="abs1-2"〉〈title type="main"〉Methods and results:Fluorescence in-situ hybridization (FISH) technique in combination with immunomorphometry (CD61) was performed on trephine biopsies. A total of 311 CD61-positive megakaryocytes, including precursors and atypical microforms, were evaluated in pre-treatment specimens derived from 11 patients with Ph1+ CML. A specific fusion site marking the bcr/abl translocation was found in 87% of megakaryocytes which showed a size of 169 ± 35 μm2. In untreated patients, atypical microforms (size 200 μm2) were observed in 66% of the total megakaryocytic population. Following IFN therapy 369 megakaryocytes could be analysed in sequential examinations and were found to display a significant decrease (63%) in positive fusion signals. In addition there was also a significant enhancement in average size (252 ± 66 μm2) reflecting a reduction in the number of micromegakaryocytes (43%). These findings were particularly conspicuous in three patients with a major to complete cytogenetic remission.〈section xml:id="abs1-3"〉〈title type="main"〉Conclusions:A normalization of megakaryocyte size following IFN therapy in CML is significantly associated with a loss of the bcr/abl translocation site and therefore indicates a (partial) recovery of normal haematopoiesis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Journal of Steroid Biochemistry 28 (1987), S. 111 
    ISSN: 0022-4731
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Keywords: Interferon alpha-2b ; Nephrotoxicity ; Urinary enzymes
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The nephrotoxic potential of alpha-interferon (IFN alpha-2b) was analysed in 21 patients with chronic myeloid leukemia. As particularly sensitive parameters in the detection of subclinical renal injury we measured the excretion of the following urinary enzymes: lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT), leucine arylaminidase (LAP), β-galactosidase (GAL) and N-acetyl-beta-glucosaminidase (NAG). Additionally, protein excretion and urinary sediment were analysed. In 18 of 21 patients a significant increase in the excretion of LDH, LAP, GGT and NAG was found, in 6 patients there was an additional rise in the output of GAL. Eleven patients developed proteinuria up to 2 g/l, one patient excreted up to 9 g/l. Enzymuria and protein excretion decreased in all patients after reduction of the IFN alpha-2b dosage and disappeared in two patients following cessation of therapy. The high incidence of nephrotoxic events in patients with CML during IFN alpha-2b therapy might be mostly due to immunological or substance-specific effects.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Keywords: Antiemetic therapy ; Alizapride ; Cisplatin ; Nabilone
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Twenty nonseminomatous testicular cancer patients not pretreated with emetogenic chemotherapy were included in a crossover study of antiemetic therapy. Patients were randomly assigned to receive either nabilone (2×2 mg/day) or alizapride (3×150 mg/day) prior to beginning lowdose cisplatin chemotherapy. Patients on nabilone had significantly fewer episodes of emesis than those on alizapride (medians, 1.1 vs 2.9;p〈0.01). Nabilone was superior to alizapride in giving complete relief from nausea (medians, 65% vs 30%;p〈0.01), and was more effective in shortening the duration of nausea (medians, 1.3 h vs 5.1 h;p〈0.01); however, it caused more adverse effects. It is concluded that nabilone has greater antiemetic activity than alizapride in young patients receiving low-dose cisplatin chemotherapy. Nabilone dosage should be reduced to decrease the incidence and degree of adverse reactions while leaving the definite antiemetic activity unchanged.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Keywords: Small cell lung cancer ; Sequential chemotherapy ; Thoracic irradiation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary To study the potential benefit of sequential chemotherapy in inoperable small cell lung cancer (SCLC), from 1982 to 1986 ninety-one patients with histologically proven and previously untreated SCLC (median age: 53 years; median Karnofsky status: 80%) were randomly assigned to an initial therapy with adriamycin (since 1984 epirubicin), cyclophosphamide, vincristine (ACO resp. EPICO) or etoposide/cisplatin (VP16/DDP). Treatment courses were repeated every 3 weeks for a total of ≤6 courses with a crossover after a maximum of 3 cycles of either regimen. Limited disease (LD) patients with bronchoscopical, computertomographical and (re-) mediastinoscopical complete remission (CR) randomly received either a thoracic irradiation with 40 Gy or observation only. Overall, 60 out of 85 evaluable patients achieved an objective remission. A CR was observed in 24/51 patients (47%) with limited disease, and in 8/34 patients (24%) with extensive disease. Both, ACO (EPICO) and VP16/DDP were equally effective as initial and second-line therapy. Moreover, after failure to the initial therapy an objective remission could be achieved in 13% of the patients following the alternative second line combination. In 28% of LD patients with an otherwise complete remission residual tumor was detected by (re-) mediastinoscopy. Median survival times were 14 (CR: 16) months in LD patients and 10 (CR: 15) months in ED patients. At present, median survival is significantly improved in irradiated versus non-irradiated LD patients (25 vs. 13 months, p〈0.04). The remission rates and median survival times observed in this study are comparable to those of a historical control group treated with ACO plus radiotherapy alone.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of molecular medicine 65 (1987), S. 706-712 
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Keywords: Hairy-cell leukemia ; Interferon gamma ; Interferon alpha-2b
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung 6 Patienten mit einer Haarzellenleukämie wurden 3–35 Monate nach Splenektomie mit IFN-γ (4 × 106 E/m2/2. Tag sc) behandelt. Während einer Therapiedauer von 9–35 Wochen konnte bei keinem Patienten eine signifikante klinische oder hämatologische Befundbesserung erzielt werden. Nach einem therapiefreien Intervall von 0–13 Wochen erhielten alle Patienten IFN-α-2b (zunächst 4 × 106 E/m2/2. Tag, Erhaltungstherapie 1 × 106 E/2. Tag). Zum Zeitpunkt der Beendigung der jeweiligen IFN-α-2b-Gabe war bei 5 von 6 Patienten (1 Patient mit postthrombotischem Syndrom verstarb an einer Lungenembolie) eine deutliche Befundbesserung eingetreten. Nach einer Beobachtungszeit von jetzt 9–14 Monaten konnten 1 CR, 3 PR und 1 MR induziert werden. Die Nebenwirkungen beider Interferon-Präparationen unterschieden sich nicht signifikant.
    Notes: Summary Six patients with hairy-cell leukemia were treated with gamma-(IFN-γ) and alpha-(IFN-α-2b) interferon; 3–35 months following splenectomy, treatment was started with 4 × 106 U/m2 IFN-γ sc (iv) every second day for 9–35 weeks. Although the white blood cell counts decreased during therapy from 4.1–49 × 109/1 to 1.5–43 × 109/1, no hematological or clinical improvement was obtained. Subsequently (interval 0–13 weeks), IFN-α-2b was given at an initial dose of 4 × 106 U/m2 sc every second day to all patients. After a treatment period corresponding to that of IFN-γ administration, a significant hematological improvement was observed in five patients (one early death due to pulmonary embolism). At the last follow-up (9–14 months after start of treatment; maintenance therapy, 1 × 106 U every second day), these patients exhibited normal peripheral blood cell counts, and in bone marrow biopsy specimens a marked decrease of hairy cells was seen (1 CR, 3 PR, 1 MR). Adverse reactions including fever, headache, nausea, dryness of the mouth, myalgia, and fatigue did not significantly differ between the two interferon preparations. Whereas IFN-γ is unlikely to have any significant impact on the course of hairy cell leukemia, IFN-α-2b does result in improvement of hematological values and well-being in almost all patients.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    ISSN: 1432-0584
    Keywords: Interferon alpha ; Interferon gamma ; Chronic myelogenous leukemia
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary A 23-year-old male patient with Philadelphia chromosome (Ph) positive chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) was treated with both IFN alpha and IFN gamma. Normalization of leukocyte counts was reached after 3 months of treatment. Southern blot analysis failed to detect the neoplastic cell clone after 19 months of therapy. Cytogenetically, complete suppression of Ph positive cells in the patient's bone marrow and blood was observed after 20 months and 25 months, respectively. This response was achieved with doses of IFN alpha and IFN gamma which were considerably lower than the dosage of IFN used in single agent therapy of CML.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    ISSN: 1432-0851
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary A phase I study with recombinant human tumor necrosis factor α (rhuTNF-α; Knoll AG, Ludwigshafen, FRG) in patients with advanced malignant disease was undertaken to evaluate drug toxicity (organ specifity, time course, predictability, reversibility, maximal tolerated dose), effectiveness, antigenicity and pharmacokinetics. TNF was administered as a test dose followed by daily i.v. infusions for 5 days, every 3 weeks (single i.v. infusion lasting 10 min, TNF dissolved in 50 ml 5% human albumin). Dosage was increased in groups of 3 or 4 patients from 0.04 mg/m2 to 0.28 mg/m2. A total of 19 patients with different cancers, including seven large-bowel carcinomas, three chronic myelogenous leukemias, three hypernephromas, two small-cell lung cancers, one malignant melanoma, one malignant lymphoma, one rhabdomyosarcoma and one fibrosarcoma were treated. Major side-effects were chills and fever (maximum 40.4°C, median 38.7°C, 19/19), headache (12/19), nausea and vomiting (12/19) and pronounced (〉20%) hypotension (4/19). Acute side-effects could be diminished by paracetamol or indomethacin pretreatment, and with one possible exception no tachyphylaxis to TNF was noted. Mild renal toxicity was seen during TNF treatment. Pharmacokinetic studies showed a serum half-life (t 1/2) ranging from 11 min to 17 min for doses from 0.04 mg/m2 to 0.16 mg/m2 and prolonged clearance with t 1/2 ranging from 54 min to 70 min in the 0.20–0.28 mg/m2 dose range. No objective antitumor effects were observed in this phase I study.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of molecular medicine 59 (1981), S. 1177-1188 
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Keywords: Etoposide ; Mechanisms of action ; Pharmacoclinetics ; Toxicity ; Clinical activity ; Cancer ; Etoposid ; Wirkungsmechanismus ; Pharmakokinetik ; Toxizität ; Klinische Aktivität ; Krebs
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Etoposid ist ein halbsynthetisches Podophyllotoxinderivat mit einem breiten zytostatischen Wirkungsspektrum und relativ günstigem therapeutischen Index. Tierexperimentell zeigt diese Substanz einen Synergismus mitCis-Platin, Cyclophosphamid, BCNU und Cytosinarabinosid. Die Wirkmechanismen sind Hemmung des Nukleosidtransports in die Zelle, Störung der DNA- und RNA-Synthese, Einzelstrangbrüche, Störung der Proteinsynthese und Hemmung mikrotubulärer Proteine. In niedriger Konzentration wirkt Etoposid zellzyklusphasenspezifisch mit Akkumulation in der G2-Phase, in höherer Konzentration auch phasenunspezifisch. Am geeignetsten unter dem Aspekt von Wirkung und Toxizität ist die intravenöse oder orale Applikation in fraktionierten Dosen von 80–120 mg/m2 an 3–5 aufeinanderfolgenden Tagen und Wiederholung nach 21 [14–28] Tagen. Neben der dosislimitierenden Knochenmarkstoxizität sind weitere Nebenwirkungen Übelkeit, Erbrechen, Fieber, Kopfschmerz, Hypotension, Phlebitis, Mukositis, Neuropathie, Kardiotoxizität, Alopezie. Etoposid gehört zu den wirksamsten Substanzen beim kleinzelligen Bronchuskarzinom mit einer Ansprechrate von 37% (10% CR) und hat eine hohe Aktivität beim NHL (36%), Hodenkarzinom (37%), Chorion Karzinom der Frau (35%), beim Neuroblastom (29%) und bei der AMML (35%). Die Aktivität von Etoposid in Kombination mit anderen aktiven Substanzen bei diesen Tumoren wird in zur Zeit laufenden Studien untersucht; beim kleinzelligen Bronchuskarzinom sowie beim testikulären Karzinom und Non-Hodgkin-Lymphom wird Etoposid in Zukunft zu den Substanzen der ersten Wahl gehören können.
    Notes: Summary Etoposide is a semisynthetic podophyllotoxin derivative with a broad spectrum of antitumor activity and a relatively high therapeutic index. The synergism in animal withcis-platinum, cyclophosphamide, BCNU, and cytosinarabinoside is interesting for combination regimen. Mechanisms of action are inhibition of nucleoside transfer and of DNA and RNA synthesis, single stranded breaks, inhibition of protein synthesis and of microtubular assembly. While in lower concentrations etoposide is acting cell-cycle-dependent with accumulation of cells in the G2-phase it has, in high concentrations, also a cellcycle-phase-unspecific lethal effect. Most suitable is the oral and i.v. application of etoposide in fractionated doses of 80–120 mg/m2 on 3–5 consecutive days and repetition after 21 [14–28] days. Side effects are dose-limiting bone marrow toxicity, nausea, vomiting, fever, hypotension, phlebitis, mucositis, neuropathy, cardiotoxicity, alopecia. Etoposide is one of the most active single agents in small-cell bronchus carcinoma with a remission rate of 37% (10% CR), and is very active in NHL (36%), testicular carcinoma (37%), AMML (35%), choriocarcinoma (35%), and neuroblastoma (29%). The role of etoposide in combination with other active drugs in these tumors is currently investigated in bronchus and testicular carcinoma and NHL, where etoposide will belong to the drugs of the first choice in the future.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of molecular medicine 61 (1983), S. 923-927 
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Keywords: ACE-activity ; Inoperable bronchogenic carcinoma ; Combination chemotherapy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary In 43 patients with inoperable bronchogenic carcinoma — 32 small cell and 11 squamous or large cell — Angiotensin-Converting-Enzyme (ACE) activity in serum was determined before and every 3–5 weeks during cytotoxic chemotherapy. ACE-activity prior to therapy was 10.7 U ± 1.17 SE as compared to the normal values 20.4 U ± 1.8 SE which was statistically significant (p〈0.01). There was no significant difference between the basal values of patients with small cell and not small cell-carcinoma of the lung. Only for patients with small cell-carcinoma of the lung a significant rise in ACE-activity could be obtained. Mean values of these patients reached normal levels in case they had complete remission, which was achieved in the limited disease group in 82% of patients. The present data suggest, that ACE-activities in serum correspond well to the clinical course in patients with small cell carcinoma of the lung. The decision on the individual mode of therapy may thus become more substantiated by serial determinations of ACE in the course of treatment.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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