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  • 11
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Regulatory Peptides 34 (1991), S. 112 
    ISSN: 0167-0115
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 12
    ISSN: 0340-1855
    Keywords: Schlüsselwörter Psychoneuroimmunologie – autonomes Nervensystem – Azetylcholin – Katecholamine – Immunregulation ; Key words Psychoneuroimmunology – autonomic nervous system – catecholamines – acetylcholine – immunoregulation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary Starting out from our previous observations that defects in the immune system – brain feedback predispose to pathogenic immune responses, our interest focusses at the roles of adrenergic/cholinergic neurotransmitters in brain – immune interactions. We have shown in rodent models that 1) both catecholamines and acetylcholine are potent modulators of peripheral immune functions, 2) cholinergic signals are involved in the afferent signalling of the immune system, and 3) lymphocytes not only express functional adrenergic and cholinergic receptors, but synthesize and release neurotransmitters, such as acetylcholine, in quantitative dependence of differentiation and activation. Studies are presently being initiated to investigate the role(s) of these non-neural neurotransmitters within immune tissues, and to explore the relevance of excitatory amino acids as important central neurotransmitters in the brain – immune system dialogue.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Ausgehend von vorangegangenen Befunden, wonach Störungen des Feedbacks zwischen Immunsystem und Gehirn zu pathogenen Immunreaktionen prädisponieren, konzentriert sich unser Interesse auf die Rolle von adrenergen/cholinergen Neurotransmittern im Rahmen der Neuroimmunomodulation. Die Daten im Ratten- und Mausmodell zeigen, dass 1) sowohl Katecholamine als auch Azetylcholin potente immunregulatorische Eigenschaften besitzen, 2) cholinerge Mechanismen entscheidend an den afferenten Signalen des aktivierten Immunsystems beteiligt sind, und 3) Lymphozyten nicht nur funktionelle adrenerge/cholinerge Rezeptoren exprimieren, sondern auch in der Lage sind, Neurotransmitter, wie Azetylcholin, zu synthetisieren und in quantitativer Abhängigkeit des zellulären Aktivierungszustandes zu sezernieren. Laufende Untersuchungen haben zum Ziel, die Rolle dieser nicht neuronalen Neurotransmitter in Immungewegen, sowie die Relevanz exzitatorischer Aminosäuren als wichtige zentrale Neurotransmitter im Rahmen des Dialoges Gehirn-Immunsystem aufzuklären.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 13
    ISSN: 1420-908X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Immunoenhancingin vivo effects of beta-adrenergic blockers have been previously ascribed to a reduced beta-receptor-mediated immunosuppression. In the present study using a whole blood stimulation assay, the effects of a five-day treatment with the purified (R)- or (S)-isomer of propranolol (3×40 mg/day) on the polyclonalin vitro responsiveness of peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) of normothyroid and hyperthyroid persons were assessed. It is shown that both isomers likewise exhibit a significant enhancing effect on the proliferative response of PBL to T and B cell mitogens, which strongly argues for nonspecific effects of propranolol to be responsible rather than a specific beta-adrenergic receptor blockade.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 14
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Key words: Thymus ; Thymic epithelial cells ; Cell culture ; Organ culture ; Apoptosis ; Mouse (C57BL/6J)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract. Apoptosis of murine thymocytes was examined either in intact fetal thymus lobes or in thymus cell suspensions, both cultured alone or in the presence of either a cortical (TEC 1.4) or a medullary (TEC 2.3) thymic epithelial cell line. Both TECs induced a pronounced increase of apoptosis in 24-h cultivated single thymus cell suspensions but not in spleen or bone marrow cell cultures. Co-culture of thymocytes with murine fibroblasts did not enhance apoptosis of the thymus cells. A similar enhancement of thymocyte apoptosis was observed with dialysed culture supernatants derived from both TEC lines, the active component(s) having a molecular weight of 〉30 kDa. In contrast, the cortical TEC 1.4 had a pronounced apoptosis inducing effect on intact fetal thymus lobes cultivated for six days, whereas the medullary TEC 2.3 had only a marginal influence. TEC 1.4 also induced a significant alteration in the ratio of CD4+CD8+ to CD4-CD8- cells. It is concluded that both the cortical and medullary epithelial cell lines are able to induce thymocyte apoptosis but that a large proportion of the cells within the intact thymus stroma is refractory to the respective signal(s) of the medullary epithelial cell line.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 15
    ISSN: 1573-7217
    Keywords: affinity chromatography ; breast cancer ; immunoglobulin G subclasses ; sensitivity ; specificity ; tumor marker, %IgG1
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The diagnostic value of the decrease in percentage of immunoglobulin G1 (%IgG1) in breast cancer was analyzed with special emphasis on early tumor stages. IgG1 and total IgG were preoperatively measured in the sera of a total of 801 individuals using a modified quantitative affinity chromatography. Group A consisted of 174 healthy individuals of both sexes, group B of 324 female patients with benign breast disease, and group C of 303 patients with invasive and non-invasive breast cancer. Within group C, 13 patients presented with intraductal carcinoma, and 22 patients with a pT1a-tumour (diameter less than 0.5 cm). The %IgG1 values were compared among groups A, B and C. In addition, correlations were sought between %IgG1 values of group C and tumor size, stage (UICC), histopathological grade and oestrogen (ER) and progesteron receptor (PR) expression. The mean value of %IgG1 in group A was 63.3 ± 0.5 s.e.m., in group B 57.75 ± 0.4 s.e.m. and in group C 52.37 ± 0.5 s.e.m. The differences of mean values were highly significant between all three groups. Sensitivity and specificity of %IgG1 to discriminate between group A and C were 75% and 87%, and between group B and C 62% and 63%, respectively. The significant decrease of %IgG1 in total serum IgG is able to distinguish patients with breast cancer of more than 5 mm in diameter from healthy controls and patients with benign breast diseases. Finally, calculated posterior probabilities revealed that within certain concentration limits %IgG1 may provide predictive information with high xprobabilities.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 16
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    European archives of oto-rhino-laryngology and head & neck 246 (1989), S. 321-323 
    ISSN: 1434-4726
    Keywords: Aspergillus ; Sinusitis ; Lymphocyte function ; Mitogen response ; Delayed-type hypersensitivity
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary In about 10% of patients who are operated on for chronic sinusitis, an aspergilloma is found in the affected paranasal sinus. In order to detect possible underlying immune defects, 25 patients with aspergillomas were subjected to an immunological screening program. The data obtained were compared with those of patients with non-mycotic chronic sinusitis and healthy controls. Total lymphocyte counts and immunoglobulin levels were normal in both groups with sinusitis. However, leukocyte subset analyses using membrane fluorescence revealed a significant decrease of CD 11+ cells (macrophages, monocytes and natural killer-cells) in both types of sinusitis. Furthermore, a markedly enhanced frequency of CD25+ cells (interleukin 2-receptor-bearing cells), was observed in patients with the aspergillomas. Additionally, peripheral blood lymphocytes in both groups of patients showed a significant reduction in the proliferative response to both T- and B-cell mitogens, with the values for the mitogens ConA and PHA being significantly lower in the aspergilloma patients as compared to those with non-mycotic sinusitis. This lack of lymphocyte stimulation in the aspergilloma group was also manifest in skin tests to recall antigens. These first data suggest that there is an immune deficiency in patients with chronic sinusitis caused by Aspergillus fumigatus. Further studies are needed to clarify if this defect is the cause or the result of the mycotic infection.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 17
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Cytotechnology 2 (1989), S. 17-21 
    ISSN: 1573-0778
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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