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  • 1
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Keywords: Pancreatic islets ; insulin secretion ; insulin content ; glucagon secretion ; glucagon content ; wistar rats ; sand rats ; glucose ; arginine
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Isolated pancreatic islets of normoglycemic sand rats do not respond to 2.5 mM glucose with an enhanced glucagon secretion, which could be observed in normal Wistar rats. Arginine stimulates glucagon release in the presence of 2.5 mM glucose in Wistar rats as well as in sand rats. The secretion pattern is not caused by insulin deficiency since sand rat islets are characterized by an increased insulin secretion rate in vitro. This paradoxical glucagon secretion is not caused by a changed glucagon content but might be related to this species which is able to develop a diabetic syndrome spontaneously.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Keywords: Sand rat ; insulin secretion ; glucose loading ; isolated islet ; insulin content
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary A subpopulation (n=27) of normoglycaemic Sand rats was characterized as carbohydrateintolerant by intraperitoneal glucose loading. Five of these animals did not show any rise in peripheral insulin concentrations when injected with glucose. However, when isolated by collagenase digestion their islets still exhibited a significant enhancement of insulin secretion in response to glucose, glyceraldehyde, mannose and theophylline. The in vitro secretory responses were comparable to those of islets from carbohydrate-tolerant Sand rats. The results underline the importance of the natural environment for the B-cell response in vivo.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Keywords: Pregnancy ; B-cell volume ; insulin ; Wistar rats ; streptozotocin administration ; islets ; DNA synthesis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The effect of pregnancy on pancreatic insulin content and relative B-cell volume has been studied in normoglycaemic Wistar rats treated with streptozotocin 14 days before mating. A single intravenous injection of streptozotocin (30 mg/kg body weight) caused a significant reduction of pancreatic insulin content and B-cell volume. The islet insulin content was 60% of control values. However, pregnancy-associated adaptation was preserved in these streptozotocin-treated animals. Plasma insulin levels, pancreatic insulin and B-cell volume were significantly enhanced compared with non-pregnant rats investigated on the same date. The incorporation of [3H]-thymidine into islets from pregnant rats (day 10.5) was higher than that in islets isolated from non-pregnant animals. After delivery insulin content and B-cell volume returned to pre-pregnant values. Also during a longer period after streptozotocin treatment (156 days), no measurable enhancement of B-cell volume and pancreatic insulin content was observed indicating the unresponsiveness of residual B cells to compensate spontaneously for the loss despite persisting normoglycaemia.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Diabetologia 21 (1981), S. 84-85 
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Keywords: Isolated islets of Langerhans ; insulin secretion ; feed-back mechanism ; isolated insulin antibodies
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Mouse islets of Langerhans, isolated by microdissection after treatment with collagenase, were incubated either with pure insulin antibodies (IAB), which were prepared by immune precipitation, or with exogenous insulin. Insulin release was enhanced with increased concentrations of IAB and was inhibited by exogenous insulin. The results suggest that it was not the insulin per se, but probably its biological effect on the β-cells that influenced insulin secretion.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Keywords: Islet transplantation ; BB rat ; autoimmune pancreatic Beta-cell destruction ; lymphocyte transfer
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary To prove whether a cell-mediated mechanism is responsible for maintaining long-term normoglycaemia in BB/OK rats with a proved immune attack (insulitis, reduced Beta-cell volume), we transferred lymphocytes obtained from those rats into normoglycaemic diabetes-prone BB/OK rats or into diabetic BB/OK rats receiving a simultaneous syngeneic islet graft. Our results show the presence of a lymphocyte population in the long-term normoglycaemic BB/OK rats, which is able to arrest pancreatic Beta-cell destruction in diabetes-prone BB/OK rats detected by a decreased diabetes incidence following single lymphocyte transfusion. Syngeneic islets were destroyed by recurrence of the autoimmune process when transplanted into diabetic BB/OK rats. Lymphocytes obtained from long-term normoglycaemic BB/OK rats were able to protect the syngeneic BB/OK islet graft from autoimmune destruction in diabetic BB/OK rats, whereas allogeneic islet destruction was not prevented. The phenotype of the effective lymphocyte population is not yet clear, but it is negative for RT6. We conclude that the mechanism responsible for maintaining normoglycaemia in long-term normoglycaemic BB/OK rats is cell mediated, because this property can be transferred to prevent autoimmune destruction of pancreatic Beta cells.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Keywords: Nicotinic acid infusion ; FFA-rebound ; stable and brittle diabetes ; insulin secretory response
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé Chez 73 diabétiques traités par l'insuline qui montrent un comportement clinique différent du métabolisme, et chez 7 sujets normaux, nous avons fait une épreuve de charge en acide nicotinique par voie veineuse pendant 30 min et nous avons analysé les taux sanguins du glucose, du pyruvate, du lactate, des FFA, du glycérol, des catecholamines et de 11-OH-CS pendant une période de 180 min. En outre nous avons mesuré l'influence de l'acide nicotinique sur l'insulino-sécrétion, in vivo chez quelques sujets diabétiques et normaux par la méthode radiobiologique (ILA), in vitro sur des îlots de Langerhans isolés de souris par la méthode radio-immunologique (IRI). In vitro nous avons vu une élévation significative de l'insulino-sécrétion, in vivo on peut montrer une élévation de l'ILA seulement chez les sujets normaux et chez les diabétiques ayant un métabolisme stable. L'élévation de “FFA-rebound” secondaire provoquée par l'infusion de l'acide nicotinique était en corrélation négative avec l'effet stimulant sur l'insulino-sécrétion. Ce comportement permet une differentiation métabolique des diabétiques de type instable et stable en tenant compte de la glycémie et de la dose quotidienne d'insuline nécessaire pour la compensation du métabolisme.
    Abstract: Zusammenfassung Bei 73 insulinbedürftigen Diabetikern mit klinisch differentem Stoffwechselverhalten und 7 Gesunden wurden eine 30-minütige Nicotinsäureinfusion durchgeführt und die Blutparameter von Glucose, Pyruvat, Lactat, FFS, Glycerin, Katecholaminen und 11-OH-CS über einen Zeitraum von 180 min analysiert. Außerdem wurde die Insulinsekretion in vivo bei einigen diabetischen und gesunden Probanden mittels der ILA, in vitro an isolierten Langerhans'schen Inseln aus Mäusepankreata mittels dem IRI unter Nikotinsäureeinwirkung untersucht. Es konnte demonstriert werden, daß Nikotinsäure in vitro zu einer significanten Steigerung der Insulin-ausschüttung führt. In vivo ist eine Stimulation der ILA nur bei Gesunden und stoffwechselstabilen Diabetikern nachweisbar. Das Ausmaß des sekundären Nicotinsäure-induzierten FFS-Rebound steht in negativer Relation zur Stimulierbarkeit der ILA. Es gestattet unter Einbeziehung des Blutglucoseverhaltens und des exogenen, zur Stoffwechselkompensation erforderlichen täglichen Insulinbedarfs eine metabolische Differenzierung des stoffwechsellabilen und stoffwechselstabilen Diabetestyps.
    Notes: Summary The effect of a 30 min infusion of nicotinic acid on the blood levels of glucose, pyruvate, lactate, FFA, glycerol, catecholamines, and 11-OH-corticosteroids was investigated over 180 min in 73 insulin-dependent diabetics with different clinical states of metabolism and in 7 healthy subjects. The action of nicotinic acid on insulin secretion was measured in vivo in some diabetic and some healthy subjects by means of ILA. Studies on insulin secretion in vitro were done by measuring the insulin release from isolated islets of mouse pancreas. The insulin content of the incubation medium was estimated with the radio-immunological method. — It was shown that nicotinic acid in vitro stimulates insulin release from B cells significantly. In vivo the rise of serum ILA after nicotinic acid infusion was only detectable in healthy subjects and in diabetics of the stable type. Furthermore, a negative correlation was demonstrated between the peak of the FFA-rebound induced by nicotinic acid and the stimulatory effect of the drug on insulin secretion. The behaviour of blood glucose during infusion of nicotinic acid together with the daily insulin dosage permitted a metabolic distinction to be made between diabetics of the stable and unstable (‘brittle’) type.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA)/General Subjects 338 (1974), S. 68-77 
    ISSN: 0304-4165
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Clinica Chimica Acta 142 (1984), S. 249-255 
    ISSN: 0009-8981
    Keywords: Endocrine pancreas ; Insulin ; Rapid RIA ; Transplantation
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    ISSN: 0005-2744
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Biology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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