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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of molecular medicine 49 (1971), S. 115-116 
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Bei 12 Nierenkranken mit Serum-Kreatininwerten bis 2 mg-% ließ sich keine Störung der intestinalen Calciumabsorption nachweisen. Dagegen war bei 21 Nierenkranken mit Serum-Kreatininwerten von 2,1 bis 5,0 mg-% diese Absorption signifikant eingeschränkt. Es wird diskutiert, daß die Störung der intestinalen Calciumabsorption am Beginn der patho-physiologischen Veränderungen der renalen Osteopathie stehen könnte.
    Notes: Summary Intestinal47Ca-absorption patterns were investigated in patients with renal insufficiency. While a disturbance in the intestinal calcium absorption could not be observed in 12 patients with serum creatinine levels up to 2.0 mg-%, 21 patients with creatinine levels between 2.1 and 5.0 mg-% showed significantly lowered absorption levels. These early detectable disturbances of calcium absorption in renal failure are discussed as being possibly at the beginning of pathophysiological changes in the development of renal osteodystrophy.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of molecular medicine 52 (1974), S. 556-556 
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Keywords: Primary hyperparathyroidism ; Histomorphometry ; Trabecular bone structure ; Parathyroid hormone ; Bone biopsy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Iliac crest bone biopsy specimens of 391 patients with surgically proven primary hyperparathyroidism were investigated. In 60 unselected cases quantitative analysis of trabecular bone changes was performed. The age of the patients ranged between 12 and 85 years. The observed morphological findings were divided into four stages. In a few cases no differences from normal bone tissue could be observed. In 46% occurrence of a nonspecific increase of osteoid seams, osteoblasts, and osteoclasts was observed. Of the cases 50% showed a specific, but very often mild endosteal fibrosis. Only in 4% was there a severe fibroosteoclasia with development of so-called brown tumors. The quantitative analysis showed an increase of trabecular bone mass as well as of remodeling surfaces. But there was an overlap of up to 25% with the normal controls. The results demonstrate the influence of parathyroid hormone peptides on bone morphology. However, the investigation of a bone biopsy specimen is not generally very useful for diagnostic purposes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of molecular medicine 58 (1980), S. 501-510 
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Keywords: Primärer Hyperparathyreoidismus, klinische und klinisch-chemische Befunde ; Akuter Hyperparathyreoidismus ; Ultrastruktur ; Hypercalciämie ; Parathormonspiegel ; Primary hyperparathyroidism, clinical and laboratory findings ; Acute hyperparathyroidism ; Ultrastructure ; Hypercalcemia ; Parathormone, blood level
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary In a series of 6 patients out of 47 cases with extrarenal hyperparathyroidism we investigated the clinical, laboratory and ultrastructural peculiarities of acute hyperparathyroidism. It was found that there are characteristic differences between both entities which, however, are fluid. Clinically more severe were neuromuscular psychiatric and mental signs. In the laboratory parameters PTH determined by radio-immunoassay and calcium were higher whereas hemoglobin was lower. The weights of the adenomas did not differ in both groups and this was also true for light microscopy findings. Electron microscopy revealed accelerated hormone extrusion and autodigestion of retrieved membrane material in the cases of acute hyperparathyroidism similar to characteristics of parathyroid cells stimulated by hypocalcemia in tissue culture.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Bei 6 Kranken mit akutem Hyperparathyreoidismus werden klinische Befunde, Labordaten und Besonderheiten in der Ultrastruktur der Nebenschilddrüsen den Daten von 47 Kranken mit extrarenalen Hyperparathyreoidismus gegenübergestellt. Typische Unterschiede konnten aufgezeigt werden, die Übergänge sind aber fließend. Beim klinischen Verlauf waren neuromuskuläre Zeichen, psychiatrische und Störungen des Bewußtseins deutlicher in der ersten Gruppe. Beim Vergleich der Labordaten war radioimmunchemisches Parathormon höher in der akuten Gruppe und das Hämoglobin niedriger. Das Gewicht der Adenome und die lichtmikroskopischen Befunde waren nicht unterschiedlich in beiden Gruppen. Die elektronenmikroskopischen Studien des Adenomgewebes zeigten eine erhöhte Hormonausschüttung mit einer deutlichen Beschleunigung der Autodigestion von Membranmaterial. Diese Veränderungen entsprechen etwa denen, wie sie an Nebenschilddrüsengewebe in der Gewebekultur nach Stimulation durch Hypocalciämie gefunden werden.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of molecular medicine 58 (1980), S. 249-258 
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Keywords: Plasma parathyroid hormone ; Renal failure ; Hyperparathyroidism ; Kidney transplantation ; Graft function ; Plasma ; Parathormon ; Terminale Niereninsuffizienz ; Hyperparathyreoidismus ; Nierentransplantation ; Transplantatfunktion
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Neben Parametern der Nierenfunktion und des Calciumstoffwechsels wurde Plasma-Parathormon (PTH) bei Patienten nach Nierentransplantation mit einem eindeutig charakterisierten PTH-Radioimmunoassay, dessen Qualitätskriterien belegt sind, gemessen. Bei 72 Transplantatträgern 3 Monate bis 7 Jahre nach der Operation besteht eine enge Beziehung zwischen Transplantatfunktion und Plasma-PTH-Konzentrationen. Patienten mit eindeutig erhöhtem PTH hatten in der Regel eine deutliche Einschränkung der Transplantatfunktion; drei Patienten mit normaler GFR und stark erhöhtem PTH wiesen zumindest vorübergehend die Kriterien eines autonomen Hyperparathyreoidismus auf. Eine nicht selten nachweisbare grenzwertige PTH-Erhöhung bei normaler GFR ist möglicherweise auf die Steroidmedikation zurückzuführen. Bei 100 Patienten, deren Verlauf vor und 10 Tage nach Nierentransplantation untersucht wurde, bestand ebenfalls eine enge Korrelation zwischen PTH und Transplantatfunktion. Die PTH-Konzentrationen sind nicht nur ein empfindlicher Parameter für die Transplantatfunktion, sondern erlauben in verschiedenen Situationen eine prognostische Beurteilung der Transplantatfunktion; dies gilt insbesondere bei primärem Transplantatversagen und bei frühen Abstoßungsreaktionen.
    Notes: Summary Patients after kidney transplantation were investigated for parameters for kidney function and calcium metabolism including a definitively characterized parathyroid hormone (PTH) radioimmunoassay, of which quality criteria have been documented. In 72 transplanted patients 3 months to 7 years after operation a close correlation between graft function and plasma PTH concentrations was found. Patients with clearly elevated PTH revealed definitively decreased graft function. Three patients with normal GFR and clearly elevated PTH showed — at least transiently — all criteria of an autonomous hyperparathyroidism including hypercalcaemia and hypophosphataemia. Borderline PTH elevations associated with normal GFR can be explained by corticosteroid treatment. In 100 patients, which were investigated before and during the first 10 days after transplantation, again a close correlation was documented between the development of PTH concentrations and the function of the transplanted kidney. PTH concentrations are not only a very sensitive parameter of graft function; in various situations plasma PTH concentrations additionally allow an estimate of graft prognosis. This is particularly true in primary graft failure and in early rejection episodes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Keywords: Mid-C-regional PTH ; Renal/extrarenal Hyperparathyreodism ; renal Osteodystrophy ; Renal transplantation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The selective determination of mid-C-regional parathyroid hormone (mid-C-PTH) in combination with other laboratory parameters is a reliable tool for diagnosis and treatment of extrarenal (primary) and renal (secondary) hyperparathyroidism. Early stages, which show either high-to-normal serum calcium and elevated mid-C-PTH or increased serum calcium but normal mid-C-PTH, can be distinguished from overt hyperparathyroidism. Alkaline phosphatase (AP) activity and mid-C-regional PTH provide biochemical confirmation of histologically classified renal osteodystrophy. Since the index AP×PTH signifies osseous changes in dialysis patients at an early stage, therapeutic regimens may be altered without additional invasive procedures. After renal transplantation mid-C-PTH normalizes and serum creatinine decreases. Increased mid-C-PTH in patients with normal renal graft function reflects autonomous PTH secretion, which requires careful monitoring to prevent PTH-induced hypercalciuria.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of molecular medicine 49 (1971), S. 1149-1150 
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Es wurde eine radioimmunochemische Bestimmungsmethode für humanes, synthetisches Calcitonin (HCT) beschrieben. Antikörper wurden durch Immunisierung von Kaninchen mit an BSA gekoppeltem HCT gewonnen. Die Empfindlichkeit der Methode beträgt 5 pg. Bei 14 Normalpersonen wurden 50–150 pg/ml gemessen. 5 Normalpersonen wiesen Spiegel unter der methodischen Erfaßbarkeit auf. Die Halbwertszeit betrug 12 bzw. 17 min.
    Notes: Summary A radioimmunochemical method for determination of human calcitonin (HCT) is described. Antibodies were obtained by immunisation of rabbits with HCT conjugated to bovine serum albumine. The sensitivity of the assay is about 5 pg. In 14 normal subjects levels of 50–150 pg/ml were measured. In 5 subjects the level was below the sensitivity of the method. In two cases the half-life of injected synthetic HCT measured was 12 and 17 minutes, respectively.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Keywords: Bone-marrow blood ; Parathyroid hormone ; Osteoporosis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Recently the bone-marrow cavity blood concentration of parathyroid hormone (PTH) has been shown to exceed that of the peripheral blood. As PTH is a primary modulator of bone cell activity, altered levels of the hormone in the bone-marrow blood may play a significant role in the aetiology of bone disease. We therefore measured PTH concentrations in marrow cavity and venous blood of 9 osteoporotic and 14 control subjects using sequence specific radioimmunoassays for intact and mid-carboxyl (Mid-C) regional human PTH (hPTH). Intact and Mid-C PTH levels were identical in the peripheral blood of control and osteoporotic subjects. Furthermore, bone-marrow cavity blood concentrations of Mid-C PTH, whilst universally higher than those found in peripheral blood, were also comparable in the osteoporotic and control subjects. The sole difference in the PTH composition of bone-marrow cavity blood from osteoporotic subjects was an increased concentration of intact PTH. The origins and consequences of elevated levels of intact PTH within the marrow cavity blood of osteoporotic subjects are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of molecular medicine 62 (1984), S. 1059-1073 
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Keywords: Autoimmune thyroid disease ; Disseminated autonomy ; Toxic adenoma ; Diagnostic concepts ; Treatment of tyroid diseases
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary In an attempt to derive diagnostic concepts for thyroid diseases we present pathophysiological models for the prevalent thyroid disorders. ‘Euthyroid goiter’ is a disease mainly caused by iodine deficiency but an additional immunepathogenesis was recently proposed. The ‘immunthyropathy’ is the thyroid disease with orbitopathy and other extraglandular immunological manifestations. A complete model of the immunological phenomena which begin with a tolerance defect is given, and both the T-cell- and B-cell-mediated pathways are detailed. The complex interaction of immunoglobulins at the thyroid-stimulating hormone receptor and their dependency on human leukocyte antigen loci are presented. The peripheral metabolism depends ultimately upon a prevalence of thyroid gland stimulation (thyrotoxicosis) or glandular destruction (hypothyroidism) and this is true for overt thyroid disease under antithyroid drug therapy or any other therapy. Euthyroidism during ‘immunethyropathy’ is presented as an equilibrium between thyroid stimulation and destruction. This concept allows an exact description of the thyroid disease and the resulting clinical situation provided that established laboratory tests are used as suggested by the model. ‘Disseminated thyroid autonomy and autononous thyroid adenoma’ develops during goitrous thyroid disease as a consequence of uncoupling of thyroid cellular growth stimulation, iodine utilization, and thyroid hormone synthesis. The polyclonal origin seems more frequent than monoclonal foci. The size of autononous tissue and individual iodine supply determines the endocrine function in this disease. The TRH test monitors with great sensitivity subtle increases in T4 or T3 production and indicates critical clinical situations earlier than the scintiscan. The exposure of the thyroid gland to large amounts of iodine precipitate thyroid storm and this has lead us to propose a protocol for patients in danger which seems clinically useful. It is hoped that the diagnostic procedures for thyroid diseases are more rational, effective, and less expensive when they are based on modern concepts of pathophysiology.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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