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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Histopathology 26 (1995), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1365-2559
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: We report a retrospective study of the pathological features in 69 primary pulmonary non-Hodgkin's lymphomas which have previously been clinically reviewed. The tumours consisted of 61 (88%) low-grade and eight (12%) high-grade malignant lymphomas. Fifty-four of the low-grade malignant lymphomas were MALT lymphomas. Lymphoepithelial lesions were observed in bronchial, bronchiolar and alveolar lining. All tumours were composed of nodules, forming a lymphangitic pattern at the periphery and a confluent central mass. Invasion of pleura and vessels was often seen but this without any consequence on survival. Granulomas were found in 20% of cases. Six of the eight high-grade tumours were centroblastic and another two were B-cell lymphomas of undetermined type. In four cases, associated areas of low-grade malignant lymphoma with lympho-epithelial lesions indicated a preexisting MALT lymphoma. Clinical data suggest that limited surgery or non-aggressive chemotherapy can provide long-term survival in patients with such slowly developing neoplasms. However, non-invasive diagnostic methods need to be developed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    British journal of dermatology 153 (2005), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1365-2133
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology 356 (1997), S. 788-796 
    ISSN: 1432-1912
    Keywords: Key words 17β-Estradiol ; Action potential ; Transient ; outward currents ; Calcium current ; Rat ventricular ; myocyte
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract This study describes electrophysiological effects of estrogens in isolated male rat ventricular myocytes. According to the literature these cells do not express the nuclear estrogen receptor. Action potentials or membrane currents were recorded in the whole-cell configuration with standard techniques. Action potential durations (APD) measured at a level of 0 mV (APD 0) and –70 mV (APD –70) were prolonged by 17β-estradiol (0.5 Hz stimulation frequency, 24–26° C). Threshold concentration was 1 μmol/l. At the highest concentration used (30 μmol/l) no saturation of the response was reached and APD 0 was 162% and APD –70 was 230% of the respective control. The resting potential remained unaffected in most cells. The prolongation induced by 17β-estradiol developed rapidly and reached a steady state 10 min after start of hormone superfusion. Effects of estrogen were completely reversible during 10–15 min wash-out with hormone-free solution. The extent of prolongation (10 μmol/l 17β-estradiol) was frequency dependent. Expressed as percentage of the respective control APD 0 (or APD –70) was 115% (188%) at 0.05 Hz, 118% (163%) at 0.5 Hz and 99% (129%) at 5 Hz stimulation frequency. The response was stereoselective, because 30 μmol/l 17α-estradiol did not prolong action potentials (APD 0: 101%, APD –70: 104% of the respective control, 0.5 Hz stimulation frequency). The endogenous estrogens estrone and estriol were less effective than 17β-estradiol. With 30 μmol/l estrone (0.5 Hz stimulation frequency) APD 0 was 103% and ADP-70 148% of control and with 30 μmol/l estriol APD 0 was 135% and APD –70 137% of control. The prolongation of action potentials can be explained by inhibition of transient outward current which, in rat ventricle, is composed of fast (i to,f) and slowly (i to,s) inactivating components. At 30 μmol/l 17β-estradiol i to,f was reduced to 50% and i to,s to 43% of their maximal amplitudes. The voltage sensor of i to,f or i to,s was hardly affected. Additionally, 17β-estradiol decreased the calcium current (i Ca,L) to 76% (10 μmol/l) and 38% at 30 μmol/l. The inwardly rectifying potassium current (i K1) was reduced partly with 30 μmol/l 17β-estradiol and its amplitude was 72% of control at –90 mV (inward current flow) and 65% at –40 mV (outward current flow). These results show that 17β-estradiol is active in cardiac cells which do not express the nuclear estrogen receptor. The hormone exerts class III activity and reduces calcium inward current. These effects, however, occur in vitro with concentrations above the physiological level and therefore may be without significance in vivo.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology 357 (1998), S. 291-298 
    ISSN: 1432-1912
    Keywords: Key words Rat ventricular myocyte ; Voltage-clamp ; Transient outward current ; Action potential ; Tedisamil
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Tedisamil has been described as a selective inhibitor of a fast inactivating transient outward current (ito,f) in rat ventricular myocytes. Because recent reports demonstrated the existence of a second slowly inactivating transient component (ito,s) we investigated ito,s and differentiated the effects of tedisamil on both transient outward current components and their influence on action potential duration. Standard electrophysiological techniques were used for whole cell recordings at 24–26° C from enzymatically isolated myocytes. Inhibition of ito,f by tedisamil was the result of an acceleration of inactivation at positive test potentials with a concentration for halfmaximal inhibition (EC50) of 4–7 μmol/l, which is confirmatory to reports from other investigators. Our new results show that ito,s is more sensitive to tedisamil with an EC50 of 0.5 μmol/l. Furthermore the pattern of ito,s inhibition is different compared with ito,f, because inactivation of ito,s is not accelerated by tedisamil. Instead the amplitude of the steady state inactivation curve of ito,s is attenuated which indicates a reduction of maximally available current. Ito,s was evaluated by three different methods as time-dependently inactivating current (7.5 s test pulse duration), voltage-dependently inactivated current and tedisamil-sensitive current. All approaches yield similar inactivation curves. The potential for halfmaximal inactivation of ito,s lies about 35 mV more negative than that for ito,f and the slope factor (K = –23 mV) is different to that of ito,f (K = –3 mV). Effectiveness of tedisamil-induced modulation of ito,f and ito,s on action potential repolarization was tested. Action potentials stimulated at 0.5 Hz were not prolonged by 1 μmol/l tedisamil (dominant ito,s block) at a repolarization level of 0 mV but prolonged to about 120% of control at –70 mV. This indicates that ito,f was sufficient to guarantee a regular early repolarization whereas decrease of ito,s delayed the final repolarization. In conclusion, the observation that tedisamil inhibits ito,f and ito,s differently supports the hypothesis that the two ito-components are related to two different channel populations expressed in rat ventricular myocytes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology 353 (1995), S. 64-72 
    ISSN: 1432-1912
    Keywords: Sheep cardiac Purkinje fibre ; Voltage-clamp ; Pacemaker current ; Use dependence ; Specific bradycardic agent ; ZD 7288
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The inhibition of the pacemaker current (i f) in sheep cardiac Purkinje fibres by ZD 7288 [4-(N-ethyl-N-phenylamino)-1,2-dimethyl-6-(methylamino)pyrimidinium chloride] is lost use-dependently. This disinhibition of i f was investigated by using the two-microelectrode voltage-clamp technique. The pulse protocol consisted of a rest period (holding potential of about -50 mV, 1–10 μmol/l ZD 7288) followed by a train of test pulses (potential negative to -100 mV, stimulation frequency 0.05 Hz). At the beginning of the first test pulse there was an immediate reduction of i f but inhibition was lost during continued stimulation. Activation of i f is sigmoidal and the early delay in current activation was prolonged from 33 ms (no ZD 7288) to 424 ms (10 μmol/l ZD 7288). Therefore hardly any disinhibition occurred during short test pulses (0.5 s). During longer test pulses (5 s, -120 mV, 10 μmol/l) disinhibition developed with a time constant of about 2 s. The inhibition of i f by ZD 7288 was lost voltage-dependently. With 10 μmol/l ZD 7288 the half-maximal disinhibition occurred at -92 mV and the slope factor of the disinhibition/voltage curve (Boltzmann relation) was 4.8 mV. The voltage-dependent disinhibition could be abolished largely by extracellular application of protease (0.5 mg/ml, 7 min). After prior disinhibition, reinhibition at the holding potential (about -50 mV) followed a bi-exponential time course indicating that inhibition may be produced by a fast (τ=0.7 min) and a slow component (τ=20–30 min). Increasing ZD 7288 concentration from 1 to 10 μmol/l accelerated reinhibition, mainly by an increase of the amplitude (A) of the fast component. The ratio A fast/A sIow was 0.399 at 1 μmol/l and 2.65 at 10 μmol/1 ZD 7288. The reinhibition of i f was unchanged by shifting the holding potential from -50 mV to -20 mV Trials to wash out the effects of 10 μmol/l ZD 7288 gave two results. The inhibition of i f was slightly reversed after a wash-out of 1.5 h with drug-free solution. A second effect of the drug, the fast reinhibition, could be completely removed by washout. In summary i f is inhibited by ZD 7288 at membrane potentials at which the virtual i f gate is closed. Disinhibition occurs during long-lasting hyperpolarization but will hardly be operative in unclamped fibres under physiological conditions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    ISSN: 1432-1912
    Keywords: Key words Sheep cardiac Purkinje fibre ; Voltage-clamp ; Pacemaker current ; Use dependence ; Specific bradycardic agent ; ZD 7288
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The inhibition of the pacemaker current (i f) in sheep cardiac Purkinje fibres by ZD 7288 [4-(N-ethyl-N-phenylamino)-1,2-dimethyl-6-(methylamino)pyrimidinium chloride] is lost use-dependently. This disinhibition of i f was investigated by using the two-microelectrode voltage-clamp technique. The pulse protocol consisted of a rest period (holding potential of about –50 mV, 1–10 μmol/l ZD 7288) followed by a train of test pulses (potential negative to –100 mV, stimulation frequency 0.05 Hz). At the beginning of the first test pulse there was an immediate reduction of i f but inhibition was lost during continued stimulation. Activation of i f is sigmoidal and the early delay in current activation was prolonged from 33 ms (no ZD 7288) to 424 ms (10 μmol/l ZD 7288). Therefore hardly any disinhibition occurred during short test pulses (0.5 s). During longer test pulses (5 s, –120 mV, 10 μmol/l) disinhibition developed with a time constant of about 2 s. The inhibition of i f by ZD 7288 was lost voltage-dependently. With 10 μmol/l ZD 7288 the half-maximal disinhibition occurred at –92 mV and the slope factor of the disinhibition/voltage curve (Boltzmann relation) was 4.8 mV. The voltage-dependent disinhibition could be abolished largely by extracellular application of protease (0.5 mg/ml, 7 min). After prior disinhibition, reinhibition at the holding potential (about –50 mV) followed a bi-exponential time course indicating that inhibition may be produced by a fast (τ=0.7 min) and a slow component (τ=20–30 min). Increasing ZD 7288 concentration from 1 to 10 μmol/l accelerated reinhibition, mainly by an increase of the amplitude (A) of the fast component. The ratio A fast/A slow was 0.399 at 1 μmol/l and 2.65 at 10 μmol/l ZD 7288. The reinhibition of i f was unchanged by shifting the holding potential from –50 mV to –20 mV. Trials to wash out the effects of 10 μmol/l ZD 7288 gave two results. The inhibition of i f was slightly reversed after a wash-out of 1.5 h with drug-free solution. A second effect of the drug, the fast reinhibition, could be completely removed by wash-out. In summary i f is inhibited by ZD 7288 at membrane potentials at which the virtual i f gate is closed. Disinhibition occurs during long-lasting hyperpolarization but will hardly be operative in unclamped fibres under physiological conditions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    ISSN: 1433-0474
    Keywords: Schlüsselwörter Multifokale atriale Tachykardie (MAT) ; Chaotische Vorhoftachykardie ; Antiarrhythmische Therapie ; Säugling ; Angeborene Herzfehler ; Key words Multifocal atrial tachycardia (MAT) ; Chaotic atrial rhythm ; Antiarrhythmic therapy ; Infancy ; Congenital heart defects
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary Definition: Multifocal atrial tachycardia (MAT) (also called chaotic atrial rhythm or mechanism) is a rare rhythm disturbance in infancy and childhood. It usually occurs as a sequela of chronic obstructive lung disease in adults with an incidence of about 0,5% and a high mortality rate. In infancy, the incidence has been estimated to be about 0,2%, mainly found in young infants. Diagnosis: It is characterized by an atrial frequency greater than 100 per minute, 3 or more different p-wave contours, variable PP, RR and PR-intervals, and a discrete isoelectric baseline. The origin of the arrhythmia remains unclear but atrial distension may play a significant role. Discussion: We report on the clinical course and management of two patients and also review the relevant literature.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Definition: Die multifokale atriale Tachykardie (MAT) bzw. chaotische atriale Tachykardie oder chaotische Vorhoftachykardie ist im Kindesalter selten. Im Erwachsenenalter ist sie vorwiegend bei Patienten mit akuten oder chronischen Lungenerkrankungen beschrieben und mit einer hohen Letalität behaftet. Im Gegensatz zum Auftreten im Erwachsenenalter besitzt die MAT im Kindesalter durchweg eine gute Prognose. Diagnose: Elektrokardiographisch ist die MAT durch mindestens 3 unterschiedlich konfigurierte P-Wellen charakterisiert, die nicht der elektrischen Sinusachse entsprechen. Es besteht eine isoelektrische Linie zwischen den P-Wellen, die Vorhoffrequenz beträgt normalerweise mehr als 100 Schläge/min mit variablen P-P-, P-R- und R-R-Intervallen. Die Genese dieser Tachyarrhythmie ist unklar, eine Vorhofbelastung als Auslöser ist jedoch wahrscheinlich. Diskussion: Die möglichen Ursachen und Therapiestrategien bei chaotischer Vorhoftachykardie werden anhand zweier Kasuistiken diskutiert und eine Übersicht über die vorliegende Literatur gegeben.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Monatsschrift Kinderheilkunde 145 (1997), S. 798-801 
    ISSN: 1433-0474
    Keywords: Schlüsselwörter Persistierender Ductus arteriosus (PDA) ; Katheterinterventioneller PDA-Verschluß ; Raskind-occluder ; Key words Patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) ; Transcatheter closure of PDA ; Rashkind occluder ; Front-loading-technique
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary Transcatheter closure of patent ductus arteriosus Botalli (PDA) has become a routine procedure. Only PDA in low birth weight infants, and short and wide open PDA in small children could not be closed by means of catheter technology. Different transcatheter closure systems are available now. We report on a premature infant now 16 month old weighting 6,8 kg were surgery seemed inadvisable. After angiography a funnel- shaped PDA seemed to be suitable for closure by a Ductocclud spiral coil (PFM company). The spiral coil could not be set in place safely because meanwhile the pulmonary PDA month had widened after angiography. Transcatheter closure then was successful using a 17 mm Rashkind double umbrella (Bard company) in modified implantation technique with a 8 french introduction set, and special attention to avoid the isthmus of the aorta and pulmonary artery stenosis. Discussion: Ductal reactivity at an age of 16 months seems unusual. Even at this age one has to be aware of possibly dramatic changes of the shape of the ductus during examination. Experience with several transcatheter PDA-closure systems is necessary for the successful closure even in cases of unexpected changes of shape of PDA.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Der katheterinterventionelle Verschluß eines persistierenden Ductus arteriosus Botalli (PDA) ist heute eine Routinemethode, für die eine ganze Reihe von verschiedenen Verschlußsystemen zur Verfügung steht. Eine Ausnahme für die Intervention stellen nur noch Frühgeborene und kleine Kinder mit kurzen, weit offenen Duktus dar. Wir berichten über ein 16 Monate altes, 6,8 kg schweres ehemaliges Frühgeborenes mit relativen Kontraindikationen zu einer Operation, bei dem nach Angiographie ein trichterförmiger Duktus zum Verschluß durch eine Ductocclud-Spirale (Fa. PFM) geeignet erschien. Die Spirale war jedoch nicht sicher zu plazieren, da sich die pulmonale Duktusmündung durch die mit der Intervention verbundenen Manipulationen zwischenzeitlich erheblich geweitet hatte. Der Verschluß des PDA gelang dann mit einem 17-mm-Rashkind-Doppelschirm (Fa. Bard) in modifizierter Implantationstechnik mit einer 8-Fr.-Schleuse unter besonderer Berücksichtigung der Schonung der Aortenisthmusregion und der Pulmonalarterienstrombahn. Diskussion: Die Empfindlichkeit des Duktusgewebes noch im Alter von 16 Monaten erscheint ungewöhnlich. Der Untersucher muß auch in diesem Alter auf drastische Änderungen der Duktusmorphologie vorbereitet sein. Bei entsprechender Erfahrung mit verschiedenen Verschlußsystemen kann die Intervention trotz „Duktusspiel” gelingen.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Monatsschrift Kinderheilkunde 147 (1999), S. 748-750 
    ISSN: 1433-0474
    Keywords: Schlüsselwörter Myokarditis ; Kardiomyopathie ; Parvovirus B19 ; Endomyokardbiopsie ; Prednisolon ; Key words Myokarditis ; Parvovirus B19 ; Endomyocardbiopsy ; Polymerase-chain-reaction ; Prednisolon
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary Chronic persistent Myokarditis caused by parvovirus B19 in childhood has not yet been described. A case of a 17 month old boy admitted with a decompensated dilated cardiomyopathy is described. Precondition for diagnosis is a biopsy of the endomyocardium taken during catheterization. This should always be done to exclude an abnormal coronary orign from the pulmonary artery. With new methods like insituhybridisation and polymerase-chain-reaction the causative organism of a viral myocarditis can be detected. Discussion: A biopsy of the endomyocardium in cases of unclear cardiomyopathy is highly recommended. Dependent from the course of the infection new immunosuppressive and antiinflammatory therapies were evaluated in current studies.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Eine chronisch persistierende Parvovirus-B19-Myokarditis ist im Kleinkindalter bisher nicht beschrieben. Der Verlauf bei einem 17 Monate alten Jungen, der mit einer dekompensierten dilatativen Kardiomyopathie aufgenommen wurde, wird geschildert. Voraussetzung für die Diagnose war die Endomyokardbiopsie im Rahmen einer Herzkatheteruntersuchung. Diese sollte bei einer Kardiomyopathie generell auch zum Ausschluß eines Bland-White-Garland-Syndroms durchgeführt werden. Mit neuen Nachweismethoden wie In-situ-Hybridisierung und Polymerasekettenreaktion ist eine ätiologische Zuordnung bei viralen Myokarditiden möglich. Diskussion: Bei unklaren Kardiomyopathien ist die Endomyokardbiopsie dringend geboten. Abhängig vom Krankheitsverlauf sind neue antiinflammatorische und immunsuppressive Therapieansätze bei viralen Myokarditiden in aktuellen Studien evaluiert worden.
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Zeitschrift für Herz-, Thorax- und Gefässchirurgie 12 (1998), S. 189-192 
    ISSN: 0930-9225
    Keywords: Schlüsselwörter Echokardiographie – Chirurgie angeborener Herzfehler ; Key words Echocardiography – Surgery of congenital heart disease
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary Purpose of this study was to evaluate the clinical utility of intraoperative echocardiography in the assessment of surgical repair of congenitally malformed hearts. In 235 of 508 patients who underwent cardiac surgery during a one year period transesophageal intraoperative echocardiography was performed. This was done to exclude residual ventricular septal defects or right ventricular outflow tract obstruction (n=84), to evaluate results of AV valve reconstruction (n=61), to assess ventricular function following arterial switch operation for complete transposition or in complex heart defects palliated by a Fontan-type procedure (n=50), to assess repair of left ventricular outflow obstruction (n=22) and for miscellaneous defects (n=18). Residual defects leading to immediate reoperation during the same surgical session were found in 4 patients (1.7%), minor residual defects not requiring reoperation were present in 6 patients (2.6%). In 2 patients with complete AV septal defect the left AV valves were only mildly regurgitant immediately after reconstruction but subsequent suture deshiscence required later reopoeration. Echocardiographic data were supplemented by direct pressure measurements in the ventricles and contrast injection into the left atrium. We conclude that intraoperative echocardiography can provide useful clinical informations, if its findings are interpreted in context with pressure measurements and contrast injections.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Zweck dieser Studie war, den klinischen Nutzen der intraoperativen Echokardiographie bei Patienten mit angeborenen Herzfehlern zu untersuchen. Von 508 während des Zeitraumes eines Jahres durchgeführten Operationen bei angeborenen Herzfehlern wurde bei 235 (47%) eine intraoperative Echokardiographie durchgeführt. Die Indikationen waren Ausschluß von residuellen Ventrikelseptumdefekten und residuellen rechtsventrikulären Ausflußbahnobstruktionen (n=84), Evaluation von AV Klappenrekonstruktionen (n=61), vorwiegende Evaluation der Ventrikelfunktion nach arterieller Switchoperation bei kompletter Transposition oder bei Palliation komplexer Herzfehler durch eine Fontanoperation (n=50), Untersuchungen nach Operation einer linksventrikulären Ausflußbahnobstruktion (n=22), sowie sonstige Operationen (n=18). Residuelle Defekte, welche zu sofortiger Reoperation in der gleichen Sitzung Anlaß gaben, wurden bei 4 Patienten (1,7%) gefunden, unbedeutende residuelle Defekte, die keine Reoperation erforderlich machten bei 6 Patienten (2,6%). In 2 Fällen wurden bei korrigierten kompletten AV Septumdefekten unmittelbar postoperativ geringe Insuffizienzen der linken AV Klappe gesehen, welche später so an Schweregrad zunahmen, daß spätere Reoperationen notwendig wurden. Die durch die transösophageale Echokardiographie erhobenen Befunde wurden durch direkte blutige Druckmessungen und Kontrastinjektion in den linken Vorhof ergänzt. Wir schlußfolgern, daß die intraoperative Echokardiographie klinisch sinnvolle Informationen liefern kann, wenn die erhobenen Befunde im Kontext mit den oben aufgeführten anderen Messungen interpretiert werden.
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