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  • 1
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: Monolythic arrays of 12 pn-charge coupled devices 3×1 cm2 each, have been developed and produced for the focal plane instrumentation of the high throughput European Photon Imaging Camera on XMM and the German ABRIXAS x-ray satellite mission. The design parameters have been optimized to match the properties of the x-ray imaging optics as well as the x-ray intensity, energy bandwidth, and characteristic time constants of objects to be observed. The pixel size is 150×150 μm2; read-out is performed in parallel with 64 channels in each subunit, resulting in a total of 768 channels; low noise, spectroscopic performance is realized by on-chip integrated JFET electronics; high ohmic, ultrapure bulk material allows full depletion and enhances the efficiency for higher energy x-ray detection. The fabrication process, the layout topology, and the operating conditions guarantee ten years operation in space without performance degradation. © 1997 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford [u.a.] : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Acta crystallographica 55 (1999), S. 0-0 
    ISSN: 1600-5759
    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Geosciences , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1600-5775
    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: For the European X-ray multi-mirror (XMM) satellite mission and the German X-ray satellite ABRIXAS, fully depleted pn-CCDs have been fabricated, enabling high-speed low-noise position-resolving X-ray spectroscopy. The detector was designed and fabricated with a homogeneously sensitive area of 36 cm2. At 150 K it has a noise of 4 e− r.m.s., with a readout time of the total focal plane array of 4 ms. The maximum count rate for single-photon counting was 105 counts s−1 under flat-field conditions. In the integration mode more than 109 counts s−1 can be detected at 6 keV. Its position resolution is of the order of 100 µm. The quantum efficiency is higher than 90% from carbon K X-rays (277 eV) up to 10 keV. New cylindrical silicon drift detectors have been designed, fabricated and tested. They comprise an integrated on-chip amplifier system with continuous reset, on-chip voltage divider, electron accumulation layer stabilizer, large area, homogeneous radiation entrance window and a drain for surface-generated leakage current. At count rates as high as 2 × 106 counts cm−2 s−1, they still show excellent spectroscopic behaviour at room-temperature operation in single-photon detection mode. The energy resolution at room temperature is 220 eV at 6 keV X-ray energy and 140 eV at 253 K, being achieved with Peltier coolers. These systems were operated at synchrotron light sources (ESRF, HASYLAB and NLS) as X-ray fluorescence spectrometers in scanning electron microscopes and as ultra low noise photodiodes. The operation of a multi-channel silicon drift detector system is already foreseen at synchrotron light sources for X-ray holography experiments. All systems are fabricated in planar technology having the detector and amplifiers monolithically integrated on high-resistivity silicon.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Der Gynäkologe 30 (1997), S. 483-499 
    ISSN: 1433-0393
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Laparoskopische Verfahren zur Entfernung pelviner und paraaortaler Lymphknoten gewinnen in der gynäkologischen Onkologie zunehmend an Bedeutung. In der Hand von Spezialisten gehören diese endoskopischen Verfahren bereits zum operativen Standardrepertoire beim Staging und der Behandlung von malignen Tumoren der Cervix uteri, des Endometriums, des Ovars und der Vulva. Die bisher veröffentlichten Daten unterstreichen folgende potentiellen Vorteile der laparoskopischen Lymphonodektomie: Die Kombination von Vergrößerungseffekt durch Videolaparoskopie und elektrochirurgischer Technik erlaubt subtiles anatomisches Operieren mit geringem Blutverlust und hoher Radikalität; eine verlängerte Operationsdauer wird durch einen kürzeren stationären Aufenthalt kompensiert und die intra- und postoperative Komplikationsrate nimmt mit zunehmender Erfahrung signifikant ab. Bisher fehlen prospektiv randomisierte Studien, die einen validen Vergleich zwischen laparoskopischer und konventioneller Lymphonodektomie erlauben. In künftigen Untersuchungen muß vor allem gezeigt werden, daß die Heilungsrate nach endoskopischen Verfahren, der durch konventionelle Techniken erreichten gleichwertig oder überlegen ist.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Surgical endoscopy and other interventional techniques 13 (1999), S. 1226-1229 
    ISSN: 1432-2218
    Keywords: Key words: Lymphadenectomy — Endoscopic axillary lymphadenectomy — Breast cancer
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Background: A new technique of endoscopic axillary lymphadenectomy without prior liposuction was developed by our group. Method: A total of 33 patients with early stage breast cancer were treated by breast-conserving therapy and endoscopic axillary lymphadenectomy. Results: The median duration of the operation was 74.9 min (range, 30–130). Operation time was significantly shorter for the last 17 patients (p 〈 0.05) than for the first 16 patients. There were no intraoperative complications. The median number of removed lymph nodes was 14.5 (range, 2–28). Postoperatively three patients developed a seroma, one of which required evacuation. At postoperative day 5, arm mobility was unrestricted in 26 patients (78.7%); nine patients (27.2%) reported a loss of sensation in the outer side of the upper arm related to dermatome C5. One patient developed a temporary alar scapula, and one patient developed an axillary abscess 9 weeks after axillary lymphadenectomy during radiation therapy. After a median follow-up of 4.6 months seven patients reported persistent impairment of sensation, but all patients had regained full shoulder mobility. Conclusion: Endoscopic axillary lymphadenectomy can be done safely without prior liposuction.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Der Gynäkologe 32 (1999), S. 273-279 
    ISSN: 1433-0393
    Keywords: SchlüsselwörterZervixkarzinom ; Laparaskopische Diagnostik ; Laparaskopische Therapie ; Staging ; Laparoskopische Operationsverfahren ; Key wordsCarcinoma of the cervix ; Laparoscopic diagnosis ; Laparoscopic therapy ; Staging ; Laparoscopic surgical procedure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary Laparoscopic procedures have attained increasing importance in the diagnosis and therapy of carcinoma of the cervix in recent years (Table 1) [34]. Laparoscopic pelvic and para-aortal lymphadenectomies are therefore performed to assess the operability of carcinoma of the cervix and for its staging. In the case of primarily operable tumours, paraortal and pelvic lymphadenectomy is carried out by a laparoscopic procedure, and when the lymph nodes are negative nodes and there is no intra-abdominal metastasis the lymphadenectomy is combined with laparoscopically assisted vaginal hysterectomy. If laparoscopy discloses positive lymph nodes, debulking can be carried out and the patient can be referred for radiotherapy. In addition, laparoscopic procedures, even in combination with radical cervicectomy for early invasive carcinoma of the cervix, can mean conservation of the patient's fertility. In the case of primarily inoperable tumours laparoscopy can be used to assess the lymph node status and the intra-abdominal tumour spread and to classify the patient's condition as potentially secondarily operable or inoperable. In addition, in the case of primarily undertreated patients whose carcinoma of the cervix has been diagnosed incidentally in preparations of tissue examined following hysterectomy, posttreatment in the form of laparoscopic lymphadenectomy and laparoscopically assisted colpectomy can be performed.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Laparoskopische Verfahren haben in den letzten Jahren zunehmend Bedeutung in der Diagnostik und Therapie des Zervixkarzinoms erlangt (Tabelle 1) [34]. So wird die laparoskopische pelvine und paraaortale Lymphonodektomie zur Beurteilung der Operabilität und zum Staging des Zervixkarzinoms eingesetzt. Bei primär operablen Tumoren wird die paraaortale und pelvine Lymphonodektomie laparoskopisch ausgeführt und bei negativen Lymphknoten und Fehlen einer intraabdominalen Metastasierung mit der laparoskopisch assistierten radikalen vaginalen Hysterektomie kombiniert. Werden durch Laparoskopie positive Lymphknoten gefunden, so kann ein Debulking durchgeführt und die Patientin der Strahlentherapie zugeführt werden. Zudem dienen laparoskopische Verfahren auch in Kombination mit der radikalen Trachelektomie beim frühinvasiven Zervixkarzinom der Erhaltung der Fertilität. Bei primär nicht operablen Tumoren kann die Laparoskopie dazu benutzt werden, Lymphknotenstatus und intraabdominale Tumorausbreitung zu beurteilen und Patientinnen in potentiell sekundär operabel und nicht operabel einzuteilen. Im weiteren kann bei primär untertherapierten Patientinnen, bei denen ein Zervixkarzinom im Hysterektomiepräparat als Zufallsbefund diagnostiziert wurde, eine Nachbehandlung mittels laparoskopischer Lymphonodektomie und laparoskopisch assistierter Kolpektomie erfolgen.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Der Onkologe 4 (1998), S. 135-141 
    ISSN: 1433-0415
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Laparoskopische Verfahren haben in den letzten Jahren zunehmend Bedeutung in der Diagnostik und Therapie des Zervixkarzinoms erlangt (Tabelle 1) [34]. So wird die laparoskopische pelvine und paraaortale Lymphonodektomie zur Beurteilung der Operabilität und zum Staging des Zervixkarzinoms eingesetzt. Bei primär operablen Tumoren wird die paraaortale und pelvine Lymphonodektomie laparoskopisch ausgeführt und bei negativen Lymphknoten und Fehlen einer intraabdominalen Metastasierung mit der laparoskopisch assistierten radikalen vaginalen Hysterektomie kombiniert. Werden durch Laparoskopie positive Lymphknoten gefunden, so kann ein Debulking durchgeführt und die Patientin der Strahlentherapie zugeführt werden. Zudem dienen laparoskopische Verfahren auch in Kombination mit der radikalen Trachelektomie beim frühinvasiven Zervixkarzinom der Erhaltung der Fertilität. Bei primär nicht operablen Tumoren kann die Laparoskopie dazu benutzt werden, Lymphknotenstatus und intraabdominale Tumorausbreitung zu beurteilen und Patientinnen in potentiell sekundär operabel und nicht operabel einzuteilen. Im weiteren kann bei primär untertherapierten Patientinnen, bei denen ein Zervixkarzinom im Hysterektomiepräparat als Zufallsbefund diagnostiziert wurde, eine Nachbehandlung mittels laparoskopischer Lymphonodektomie und laparoskopisch assistierter Kolpektomie erfolgen.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    ISSN: 1432-0711
    Keywords: Key words: Laparoscopically assisted vaginal hysterectomy ; Abdominal hysterectomy ; Fibroid uterus ; Cost-effectiveness
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract. Objective: Introduction of laparoscopically assisted vaginal hysterectomy (LAVH) was evaluated for its usefulness to replace abdominal hysterectomy in fibroids. Study design: A total of 240 women with a mean age of 46.7 years underwent hysterectomy over a period of one year. The technique of LAVH was introduced starting in the second quarter of the study period. Clinical data of 60 patients undergoing either LAVH or abdominal hysterectomy for fibroids were compared in a cross-sectional study by χ 2- and t-test. Results: A comparison between the first and the last quarter of the study period showed that the rate of abdominal hysterectomies decreased from 66% to 12%, whereas LAVH increased from 0 to 40% (p 〈 0.05). The rate of vaginal hysterectomies remained between 34% and 48%. Compared to abdominal hysterectomy, LAVH operating time was about 1/3 longer, hospital stay was shorter (3 days), and LAVH proved more cost-effective than abdominal hysterectomy (significance of all differences: p 〈 0.05). Conclusions: LAVH is a valid alternative to abdominal hysterectomy in fibroids.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    ISSN: 1572-9508
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract This paper describes the performance of the Fully Depleted pn-junction CCD (pn-CCD) system, developed for ESA's XMM-satellite mission for soft x-ray imaging and spectroscopy in the single photon counting mode in the 100 eV to 10 keV photon range. The 58 mm x 60 mm large pn-CCD array, designed and fabricated at the Semiconductor Lab (Halbleiterlabor) of the Max-Planck-Institut, uses pn-junctions for registers and as backside structure. This concept naturally enables full depletion of the detector volume independent of the silicon wafer's resistivity and thickness, and as such make it an efficient detector for the x-ray region and the infrared. For high detection efficiency in the soft x-ray region and UV, an ultrathin pn-CCD backside deadlayer has been realized. Each pn-CCD-channel is equipped with its own on-chip JFET amplifier which, in combination with the CAMEX-amplifier and multiplexing chip, facilitates parallel readout and fast data rate: the cooled pn-CCD system can be read out at a data rate up to 3 MHz with an electronic noise floor of ENC 〈 5 e-.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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