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  • 11
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Fate of triazine herbicide cyanazine in a model ecosystem (1975)
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Journal of agricultural and food chemistry 23 (1975), S. 1014-1015 
    Details
    ISSN: 1520-5118
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jf60201a046
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  • 12
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Electrophoretic and histochemical analysis of esterase synthesis in the ovariole of the milkweed bugOncopeltus fasciatus (Dall.) (1972)
    Springer
    Development genes and evolution 170 (1972), S. 209-220 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-041X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary The synthesis of esterases was analysed in the ovariole of the milkweed bug using electrophoretic and histochemical methods. We found a total of 12 esterases from whole ovaries. Using the inhibitors p-hydroxymercuribenzoate, diisopropyl phosphorofluoridate and eserine, 3 of the bands were classed as acetylesterases, 7 carboxylesterases, and 2 arylesterases. No change in esterase patterns occurred during oogenesis. The esterase activity in the follicular epithelium was primarily arylesterase and carboxylesterase. A carboxylesterase was also identified from the central region of the follicle cell. The yolk cells contained mainly carboxylesterase. There was an apparent activation of enzyme activity following pre-treatment with eserine.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01380677
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  • 13
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The effect of moderate exercise on postprandial glucose homeostasis in NIDDM patients (1997)
    Springer
    Diabetologia 40 (1997), S. 447-453 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Keywords: Keywords Insulin sensitivity ; physical activity ; insulin ; C-peptide ; non-esterified fatty acids; glycerol ; glucose turnover.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The influence of exercise on glycaemia in the post-prandial state was studied for the first time in non-insulin-dependent diabetic (NIDDM) patients. Meal-induced glucose responses were followed for 8 h in 9 diet-treated patients with NIDDM. Subjects consumed a standardized breakfast and 4 h later a standardized lunch. They were studied in the resting state (control day (CD)) and on another day 45 min of bicycle exercise (53 ± 2 % V˙O 2 max (mean ± SEM)) was performed 45 min after breakfast (exercise day (ED)). On day 3 (diet day (DD)), the breakfast meal was reduced corresponding to the extra energy expenditure during the exercise period on ED. Responses were calculated as areas under the plasma concentration curve (AUC) during 4 h after either breakfast (B-AUC) or lunch (L-AUC). B-AUC for glucose was identical on ED (215 ± 63 mmol/l · 240 min) and DD (219 ± 60 mmol/l · 240 min) and on these days lower (p 〈 0.05) than on CD (453 ± 78 mmol/l · 240 min). L-AUC for glucose on CD, ED and DD did not differ significantly. B-AUCs for both insulin and C-peptide were also significantly lower on ED and DD as compared to CD (Insulin: 31337 ± 8682, 26092 ± 6457 and 47649 ± 15046 mmol/l · 240 min, respectively. C-peptide: 99 ± 19, 104 ± 26 and 195 ± 31 pmol/ml · 240 min, respectively). Rate of appearance (Ra) for glucose was unaffected by exercise whereas rate of disappearance (Rd) increased significantly. No differences in Ra or Rd were observed after lunch. In conclusion, postprandial exercise of moderate intensity decreases glycaemia and plasma insulin levels after breakfast in NIDDM patients, but this effect does not persist during and after the following lunch meal. Reduction of breakfast caloric intake has the same effect on postprandial glycaemia and insulin secretion as an equivalent exercise-induced increase in caloric expenditure. [Diabetologia (1997) 40: 447–453]
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001250050699
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  • 14
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The effect of intense exercise on postprandial glucose homeostasis in Type II diabetic patients (1999)
    Springer
    Diabetologia 42 (1999), S. 1282-1292 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Keywords: Keywords Insulin sensitivity; physical activity; insulin; free fatty acids; glucose turnover.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Aims/hypothesis. The influence of postprandial high intensity exercise on glycaemia was studied in patients with Type II diabetes mellitus. Methods. Patients who were treated by diet only (n = 8) ate a standardised breakfast and 4 h later a standardised lunch. They were studied in the resting state (control day) and on another day (exercise day) when they did intermittent exercised at high intensity after breakfast) (4 bouts including 3 min at 56.5 ± 3.9 % V˙.O2 max (means ± SEM), 4 min at 98.3 ± 5.1 % V˙.O2 max and 6 min of rest). Responses were calculated as areas under the plasma concentration curve (AUC) during 4 h after either breakfast or lunch. Results. Breakfast-AUCs for glucose, insulin and C peptide were lower (p 〈 0.05) on the exercise day compared with the control day (glucose: 538 ± 94 vs 733 ± 64 mmol · l–1· 240 min; insulin: 16 ± 4 vs 22 ± 3 pmol · ml–1· 240 min; C peptide: 143 ± 22 vs 203 ± 29 pmol · ml–1· 240 min). After breakfast glucose appearance was unaffected by exercise, whereas disappearance and clearance increased (p 〈 0.05). Muscle glycogen was diminished by exercise (p 〈 0.05). After lunch no differences were observed between experiments. Exercise-induced reductions in glucose, insulin and C peptide responses were similar (p 〉 0.05) in this study of intermittent, high intensity exercise and in a previous study of isocaloric but prolonged moderate (45 min at 53 ± 2 % V˙.O2 max) postprandial exercise. Conclusion/interpretation. Postprandial high intensity exercise does not deteriorate glucose homeostasis but reduces both glucose concentrations and insulin secretion. The effect of exercise is related to energy expenditure rather than to peak exercise intensity. Finally, postprandial exercise does not influence glucose homeostasis during a subsequent main meal. [Diabetologia (1999) 42: 1282–1292]
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001250051440
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  • 15
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Copepod nutritional condition and pelagic production during autumn in Kosterfjorden, western Sweden (1990)
    Springer
    Marine biology 104 (1990), S. 197-208 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1793
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The in situ grazing rate and nutritional condition of copepods were studied during October/November 1985, by analyzing gut fluorescence (feeding), body size and lipid composition (nutritional state), and electron transport system (ETS) activity (respiration rate) of copepods from surface-and deep-water in Kosterfjorden on the Swedish west coast. These parameters were related to the physical and biological environment, as defined by light, hydrography, autotrophic and bacterial production and seston in the water column. The results show a gradual build-up of the autumn phytoplankton bloom in the uppermost meters, with a peak in total autotrophic production in mid October of ca 550 mg C m−2 d−1, and a bacterial net production corresponding to 15% of this. Phytoplankton exudates made up, on average, 47% of the primary production and more than 50% of this was utilized by the bacteria. Copepods occurring in the surface-water exhibited grazing rates corresponding to between 11 and 18% of their body C d−1 and potential growth rates of 0 to 9% d−1. Copepod populations in the surface water were composed of individuals with higher average body-weight and lower lipid-proportion than those from the deep-water.Calanus finmarchicus in the deep-water showed characters indicating diapause condition, while this was not observed forAcartia clausi. Differences in lipid content and composition indicate thatC. finmarchicus, Pseudocalanus sp. andA. clausi represent three successive points on a scale of tolerance for fluctuations in the food environment. Adult femaleMetridia longa was the only one among seven species/stages of copepods in the deep-water (≥ 50 m depth) that contained phytoplankton pigments.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01313259
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  • 16
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Interactions between a mycophagous Collembola, dry yeast and the external mycelium of an arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus (1996)
    Springer
    Mycorrhiza 6 (1996), S. 259-264 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1890
    Keywords: Key words Arbuscular mycorrhiza ; Collembola ; Hyphal length ; Hyphal P transport
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract  A plant growth system with root-free hyphal compartments was used to examine the interactions between a mycophagous Collembola (Folsomia candida Willem), dry yeast and an arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungus [Glomus caledonium (Nicol. & Gerd.) Trappe and Gerdemann] in terms of Collembola reproduction, AM-hyphal length and AM-hyphal P transport. Collembola reproduction was unaffected by AM mycelium, but a supplement of dry yeast increased the Collembola population size. The addition of dry yeast increased AM-hyphal P transport by increasing hyphal length. Collembola without yeast affected neither AM-hyphal growth nor AM-hyphal P transport, whereas Collembola with yeast decreased AM-hyphal P transport by 75% after 8 weeks. The hyphal density of G. caledonium remained unaffected by Collembola except after 4 weeks in combination with yeast, when a 33% reduction was observed. The results of this experiment show that the interaction between F. candida and the external mycelium of G. caledonium is limited under the conditions imposed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s005720050134
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  • 17
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Immunogenicity of some common thermolabile surface antigens ofEscherichia coli (1981)
    Springer
    Medical microbiology and immunology 170 (1981), S. 117-133 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1831
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The development in rabbits of antibodies against common thermolabileEscherichia coli surface antigens — and against O and K antigens — was investigated. Three strains, E3b (O75:K95:H5), E56b (O8:K27:H-), and H61 (O45:K1:H10), and five rabbits per strain were used. Immunization was carried out by routine procedures using non-heated whole cell vaccines. Homologous and heterologous reactions were recorded. Bacterial agglutination showed no great differences between homologous antisera. Maximum agglutination titers were reached after three immunizations, i.e., 12 days after the first immunization. The development of antibodies to the many single common and specific antigens was followed by examination in crossed immunoelectrophoresis (CIE). Indication of immune tolerance of polysaccharide K27 antigen was found. The finding of pre-immune antibody and the rapid response to immunization indicate that many of the reactions recorded should be regarded as secondary responses. Several antigens in the three strains were identical or serologically related. The common cross-reacting thermolabile surface antigens showed similar electrophoretic mobility in the three strains. Some rabbits were found to be overall good producers of antibodies and some were poor. The occurrence or absence of pre-immune antibody to common antigens could not be used to select the good antibody producers. It is suggested that the immune response to the common surface antigens that could be reckoned as outer membrane proteins may influence the relationship between host and bacterium.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02122676
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  • 18
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    An experiment concept to measure stratospheric trace constituents by laser heterodyne spectroscopy (1980)
    Springer
    Applied physics 23 (1980), S. 47-56 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0630
    Keywords: 89.60 ; 35.80 ; 06.70
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Abstract Laser heterodyne spectroscopy (LHS) techniques with semiconductor laser local oscillators (LO) in the 3–30 μm range have the potential to measure radical gas species in the stratosphere. The goal of this experiment is to measure radical gases from Spacelab, including ClO, ClONO2, HO2, H2O2, N2O5, and HOCl in solar occulation with vertical resolution ≦2km and vertical range from 10 to 70 km. Sensitivity analyses have been performed on ClO and O3 to determine design criteria for the LHS instrument. Results show that O3 and ClO vertical profiles can be measured with an accuracy ≧95% and ≧80%, respectively, over the total profile. These accuracies require the LO to maintain the following characteristics: frequency stability (Δf w≦20 MHz), single-mode power (P LO≧500 μW), and minimum frequency drift (≦5 MHz). Laboratory heterodyne measurements performed with semiconductor lasers generated the same shot-noise photocurrent as CO2 lasers, for comparable single-mode power. “Excess-noise” regions were identified, but could be wavelength controlled by fine control of operating temperature and injection current. Doppler-shift effects and limited solar occultation measurement times due to Spacelab orbits should pose minimum mission constraints on the experiment.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00899570
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  • 19
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Fluvoxamine is a potent inhibitor of tacrine metabolism in vivo (1999)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 55 (1999), S. 375-382 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: Key words Tacrine ; Fluvoxamine ; Drug interaction
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Objective: In vitro studies have shown that tacrine is metabolized by cytochrome P4501A2 (CYP1A2). One of the monohydroxy-metabolites has been incriminated with tacrine-induced hepatotoxicity. The aim of this study was to establish whether the potent CYP1A2 inhibitor fluvoxamine in clinically relevant doses could inhibit tacrine metabolism. Methods: Eighteen healthy young men were enrolled in an open, randomized crossover study. In the first study period a single oral dose of tacrine 40 mg was given. In the second period the volunteers were randomized to maintenance doses of fluvoxamine 50 or 100 mg per day, and a single oral dose of tacrine 20 mg was given. Results: Fluvoxamine was found to be a very potent inhibitor of tacrine metabolism. A fractional decrement in tacrine clearance of approximately 85% was found with both fluvoxamine doses, which was in good agreement with a prediction based on in vitro data. The medians of the steady-state concentration of fluvoxamine were 43 nM (range 25–49) and 70 nM (range 44–124) in the 50 mg per day and 100 mg per day groups, respectively. The steady-state concentration of fluvoxamine correlated with the fractional decrement in tacrine clearance (Spearman Rs = 0.53, P 〈 0.05). Modest, but statistically significant, reductions in the formation of the metabolites 1- and 2-hydroxytacrine were found during concomitant fluvoxamine treatment. Conclusion: Fluvoxamine at clinically relevant doses is a potent inhibitor of tacrine metabolism. This interaction is very likely to have clinical relevance. Whether concomitant fluvoxamine treatment reduces tacrine-induced hepatotoxicity needs further study.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002280050643
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  • 20
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Cystic fibrosis screening in neonates – measurement of immunoreactive trypsin and direct genotype analysis for ΔF508 mutation (1994)
    Springer
    European journal of pediatrics 153 (1994), S. 569-573 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1076
    Keywords: Key words     Cystic fibrosis ; Screening ; Infant ; Trypsin ; Mutation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract      This study investigated the clinical usefulness of screening for cystic fibrosis (CF) in 19992 newborns, over 39 months, in an Austrian population. Immunoreactive serum trypsin (IRT) determination was followed by sweat chloride analysis (sweat test) to establish diagnosis. In a retrospective analy- sis covering 6 months of the study period, individuals who were con- sidered to be at risk after IRT estimation (n = 22) were analysed for DF508 mutation, using a new method of DNA extraction from the initial dried blood specimens. A total of 119 infants (0.6%) had values greater than 750 ng trypsin/ml whole blood. In 88 babies sweat tests were performed, leading to the diagnosis of CF in 11 cases. One patient was not initially identified by screening but was later discovered due to his clinical status. Three infants were noted to carry the ΔF508 mutation (1 homozygous, 2 heterozygous). Two of these babies already had CF. The second heterozygote was a carrier. A highly efficient three tier screening strategy is presented in which IRT estimation, determination of ΔF508 status and sweat chloride testing could lead to a high sensitiv- ity analysis of this population.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004310050192
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