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  • 11
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of fish biology 31 (1987), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1095-8649
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: From May to October 1983 the migration of six adult bream was examined by long-term ultrasonic tagging experiments. Two different migration types were observed: diurnal rhythmical migrations between the littoral and pelagic zones, and sporadic locomotions such as spontaneous excursions of several kilometers distance. At night, during their sojourn in the shallow littoral zone, bream feed intensively on benthic organisms; during their stay in the pelagic areas they presumably feed on zooplankton. Sporadic changes of place enable the bream to feed on locally abundant food resources. During the spawning season, migration contributes to successful spawning.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 12
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of low temperature physics 71 (1988), S. 63-68 
    ISSN: 1573-7357
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: For the first phase-slip center in superconducting whiskers of zinc and zinc-silver alloys the normalized “normal-like length” and “zero-voltage intercept” are plotted as a function of the “pair-breaking parameter,” which ranges between 4 × 103 and 2 × 104. A comparison is made with results from aluminum microbridges and the prediction of the time-dependent Ginzburg-Landau theory.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 13
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Langenbeck's archives of surgery 352 (1980), S. 547-547 
    ISSN: 1435-2451
    Keywords: Chronic aorto-iliac occlusions ; 4 morphological-types of occlusion ; Choice of procedure ; Late results after 1 - 20 years ; Chronische aorto-iliacale Verschlüsse ; 4 Verschlußtypen ; Wahl des Operationsverfahrens ; Spätergebnisse
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Segmentverschlüsse (Typ I) werden durch Ausschälplastik, diffuse Veränderungen an Aorta und Beckenarterien (Typ II) durch einen Bifurkationsbypass, auf die Aortenbifurkation begrenzte Veränderungen (Typ III) durch Ausschälplastik und der hohe Aortenverschluß (Typ IV) nach Desobliteration des infrarenalen Aortensegments durch einen Bifurkationsbypass korrigiert. Nach 1-20 Jahren zeigt die Thrombendarteriektomie (n = 617) eine Erfolgsquote von insgesamt 87,7 % und der Bifurkationsbypass (n = 555) von insgesamt 88.4%.
    Notes: Summary Uni- or bilateral isolated obstructions of the iliac arteries (type I) or those localized to the aortic bifurcation (type III) are treated by endarterectomy. Diffuse lesions of the aorta and iliac vessels (type II) and aortic occlusions up to the renal arteries (type IV) are corrected by a bifurcation bypass. Between 1959 and 1978, 617 cases were treated by endarterectomy and 555 by bypass grafting. After 1-20 years, 87.7% of the dseobliterated arteries and 88.4% of the bifurcation grafts are patent.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 14
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Langenbeck's archives of surgery 343 (1977), S. 195-204 
    ISSN: 1435-2451
    Keywords: Colorectal carcinoma ; Concomitant disease ; Tumor complications ; Causes of death ; Residual tumor
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Es wurden 200 nach operativen Eingriffen wegen eines Colon- und Rectumcarcinoms während des Klinikaufenthaltes aufgetretene und obduzierte Todesfälle ausgewertet. Nur 38,5% dieser Kranken konnten radikal operiert werden. 94,5 % der Verstorbenen waren über 50, 82,5 % über 60, 40,5 % über 70 und 10% über 80 Jahre alt. Bei den 200 Verstorbenen bestanden präoperativ 263 vom Tumorleiden unabhängige Begleitkrankheiten und belastende Faktoren. Bei 50% der Todesfälle lagen ein fortgeschrittenes Tumorleiden mit Metastasierung, bei 38% ein Ileus, bei 11% eine Peritonitis, bei 6,5% eine Absceßbildung oder schwere Blutung präoperativ vor. Als Todesursachen fanden sich Pneumonie (24,5%), Peritonitis (22%), Lungenarterienembolie (15,5%), Tumorkachexie (14%), Herzversagen (9,5%), Ileus (5,5%) und verschiedene Ursachen (9%). 1/3 der Todesfälle waren bis zum 6., die Hälfte bis zum 9. und z/3 bis zum 13. postoperativen Tag eingetreten. Ansatzpunkte zur Verringerung der Operationsletalität sind vor allem im Einsatz aller internistischen und anaesthesiologischen Möglichkeiten bei der Vorbereitung, Narkose und Nachbehandlung der Patienten, insbesondere der Pneumonie und Thromboembolie-Prophylaxe gegeben, während chirurgisch-technische Probleme in den Hintergrund treten.[/p]
    Notes: Summary Analysis of the clinical and autopsy reports of 200 deaths following surgery for colorectal cancer from 1956 to 1974, at the Dept. of Surgery, University of Heidelberg, revealed that pneumonia (24.5 %) was the most common cause of death followed by peritonitis (22%), pulmonary embolism (15.5 %), advanced tumor disease (14%), cardiac failure (9.5%), ileus (5.5%), and others (9%). The explanation for the postoperative mortality rate of 12% (cancer of colon) and 13.2% (cancer of rectum) lies in the fact that 82.5% of those who died postoperatively were beyond the age of 60, and 40.5 % beyond 70 years at the time of surgery. Moreover, in 50.5% advanced tumors with regional and/or distant metastases were found. In 55.5% severe preoperative complications (ileus: 38%, peritonitis: 11%, abscess formation or hemorrhage: 6.5%) required an emergency operation. Only 38.5% of the procedures were considered for cure. Besides the need for early recognition of the cancer, intensification of pre- and postoperative treatment appears to be the predominant task in the effort to decrease postoperative mortality.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 15
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Langenbeck's archives of surgery 349 (1979), S. 542-542 
    ISSN: 1435-2451
    Keywords: Supraaortic occlusions ; Late results of reconstructive surgery ; Supraaortale Verschlüsse ; Funktionelle Spätergebnisse nach Wiederherstellungsoperationen
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Als Spätergebnisse 1–16 Jahre nach Desobliteration einer Carotisstenose im Stadium I bleiben 97,8 % der Patienten asymptomatisch, nach Korrektur eines Stadium II sind 79,3 % völlig beschwerdefrei und 13,0% deutlich gebessert. Nach operativer Behandlung des frischen Schlaganfalls finden sich als Spätergebnis 20 % geheilt und 70 % gebessert. Im Defektstadium nach durchgemachtem Schlaganfall werden keine weiteren neurologischen Ausfälle beobachtet. Nach Eingriffen an den anderen Aortenbogenästen zeigen sich in 92,5 % überzeugende Langzeitergebnisse.
    Notes: Summary Internal carotid endarterectomy is an effective and long-lasting means of preventing cerebrovascular accidents. After 1–16 years it was entirely successful in 97.8 % of asymptomatic patients; 79.3 % of patients with transient ischemic attacks experienced no further symptoms, 13 % were improved. In patients with acute stroke 20 % were cured, 70 % improved and 10 % unchanged. The follow-up of patients after a stroke yielded no further neurological deficit. The late results 1–14 years after reconstruction of the other supraaortic vessels were good in 92.5 % of cases.
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  • 16
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Langenbeck's archives of surgery 340 (1975), S. 49-58 
    ISSN: 1435-2451
    Keywords: Postoperative Mortality Rates ; Lethality Rates Following Operations
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Während eines sich über 10 Jahre und 10 Monate erstreckenden Zeitraumes vom 1.3.1962 bis 31.12.1972 verstarben bei 104 927 stationären Aufnahmen und 77950 operativen Eingriffen in der Chirurgischen Universitäts-Klinik Heidelberg 4217 Patienten nach einer Operation. Nach Angaben über die Altersverteilung der Operierten und der postoperativ Verstorbenen sowie über den Zeitpunkt des postoperativen Todes werden die Todesursachen zunächst nach der Petrenschen Einteilung in 9 Gruppen untersucht. Dann werden die postoperativen Todesursachen bei sezierten Verstorbenen nach der Häufigkeit ihres Auftretens geordnet aufgeführt. Die Ergebnisse eines Beobachtungszeitraumes vom 1.3. 1962 bis 31.10. 1967 und vom 1.11. 1967 bis 31.12. 1972 werden gegenübergestellt. Über den gesamten Beobachtungszeitraum von 1962–1972 ist bei sezierten postoperativ verstorbenen Patienten Herz-Kreislauf-Versagen mit 23,4 % die häufigste Todesursache, gefolgt vom malignen Tumor mit 12,7 %, der Pneumonie mit 12,6%, den cerebralen Todesursachen mit 10,2%, der Peritonitis mit 9,5%, der Verblutung mit 6,9 %, der Lungenembolie mit 6,8 %, der pyogenen Infektion mit 5,7 % und dem Herzinfarkt mit 3,7 %. Als seltenere Todesursachen wurden Urämie, Coma hepaticum, postoperativer Ileus, Fettembolie, hepatorenales Syndrom, Enterocolitis, die thyreotoxische Krise, das Coma diabeticum und sonstige Todesursachen registriert.
    Notes: Summary Over a ten year period of time from 1.3. 1962 to 31.12. 1972 at the Dept. of Surgery, University of Heidelberg 104927 patients were admitted to the hospital, 77 950 operative procedures were carried out and 4217 patients died post-operatively. The etiology of death as related to age distribution, disease and time of postop. death are discussed. The lethality causes are demonstrated by the classification of Petren. Autopsy examination reveals cardiac and/or circulatory failure to be the main cause of death (23,4%), followed by malignant tumors (12,7%), pneumonia (12,6%), cerebral causes (10,2 %) and peritonitis (9,5 %). Possible consequences of the distribution are being discussed.
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  • 17
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Langenbeck's archives of surgery 343 (1976), S. 59-67 
    ISSN: 1435-2451
    Keywords: Femoropopliteal atherosclerotic disease ; Endarterectomy versus vein bypass grafts ; Guidelines for the choice of procedure ; Late results
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Nach den an insgesamt 1827 Rekonstruktionen an der Heidelberger Klinik in den letzten 15 Jahren gewonnenen Erfahrungen ist neben dem autologen Venenbypass als heute dominierendem Rekonstruktionsprinzip die Thrombendarteriektomie weiterhin als wertvolles autoplastisches Operations-verfahren im femoro-poplitealen Gefäßabschnitt anzusehen. In den letzten 4 Jahren war für die Wahl des Operationsverfahrens eine kritische, differenzierte Indikationsstellung entscheidend. In erster Linie wurden nur isolierte Segmentverschlüsse der Femoralarterie oder A. poplitea mit freier Peripherie oder langstreckige Verschlüsse, die nur bis zum proximalen Popliteasegment reichen und dem Stadium II nach Fontaine zuzuordnen sind, durch Thrombendarteriektomie rekonstruiert. Unter diesen Bedingungen zeigte die Desobliteration für das Stadium II eine Erfolgsquote von 73,1 % während der 4jährigen Nachbeobachtungsperiode. Unter Einschluß der im Stadium III/IV notwendigen Desobliterationen lag die Erfolgsquote in diesem Zeitraum bei 71,1 %. Primäre Indikation für einen Venenbypass stellten langstreckige femoro-popliteale Verschlüsse, die bis in die Endstrecke der A. poplitea reichen und mit Veränderungen der Unterschenkelgefäße kombiniert sind, dar. Grundsätzlich sollten alle Verschlüsse im Stadium III/IV durch einen Venenbypass korrigiert werden. Die Erfolgsquote des Venenbypass während der letzten 4 Jahre betrug für alle Stadien 78,9 %, für das Stadium II isoliert betrachtet 80,2 % ; von denen als Primäreingriff durchgeführten autologen Venentransplantationen waren 85,6 bzw. 85,4 % funktionstüchtig. Unter Berücksichtigung des gegebenen Indikationsschemas waren keine statistisch signifikanten Unterschiede in der Leistungsfähigkeit der beiden Rekonstruktionsverfahren nachzuweisen.
    Notes: Summary On the basis of our experience with 1827 femoropopliteal arterial reconstructions performed from 1959 through 1974 we have worked up a system of strict guidelines for the choice of procedure. The vein bypass is the method of choice in all cases at stages III/IV (i. e. resting pain or gangrene), in lengthy occlusions of the femoral arteries continuing into the distal popliteal arteries or in stenotic lesions or occlusions of the tibial arteries, in all recurrent occlusions, and in cases with calcification or dilatation of the arterial wall. The indication for endarterectomy is restricted to stage II (i. e. intermittent claudication) and to segmental occlusions of the femoral or popliteal arteries as well as transitional or lengthy occlusions of the femoral artery continuing to the proximal popliteal artery. Under these guidelines a total group of 645 patients underwent 721 femoropopliteal reconstructions-307 endarterectomies and 414 vein grafts-from 1971 through 1974. The average age of the patients was 60 years. In 50 % of all cases operations were carried out for advanced ischemia threatening the extremity. For all the series the patency rate of vein bypass was 79 % and of endarterectomy 71 %. Accumulative patency rates by the life table method according to the preoperative degree of arterial insufficiency and the postoperative follow up period of 4 years do not show statistically significant differences between both procedures under the given guidelines.
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  • 18
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Cancer immunology immunotherapy 2 (1977), S. 257-265 
    ISSN: 1432-0851
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary In a direct leukocyte migration test, peripheral blood leukocytes were pulsed with a high dose (2.5 and 0.5 mg/ml) of 3 M KCl extracts from 5 different colorectal tumours as well as with one 3 M KCl extract of normal colonic mucosa. Patients showing a pathological migration index (⩽0.80 and ⩾1.17), with 3 or more out of 5 tumour extracts, were considered as “positives”. With this test mode 93% (55/59) of patients with colorectal carcinomas were reactive, irrespective of the tumour stage, while only 7% (2/27) of patients with non-malignant colorectal diseases showed a “positive” reaction. Patients with malignant and non-malignant diseases of other organs were reactive in 2–3% of cases. No “positive” reactivity was observed with leukocytes from 37 healthy volunteers. Pulsing leukocytes with the normal colonic mucosal extract, a pathological migration index was found in about 20% of colorectal cancer patients, but not in healthy volunteers. Evaluating 10 single tumour extracts individually, reactivity of cancer patients' leukocytes ranged from 65–89% of tests, the difference being not statistically significant. Leukocytes from healthy volunteers showed a pathological migration index with the different extracts in 0–6% of tests. With the leukocyte migration test we could not differentiate between tumours of the colon, sigma or rectum. Patients bearing tumours in any part of the large bowel showed pathological leukocyte migration with extracts of colon-, sigma- and rectum tumours. When the cross-reactivity study was extended to tumours of the gastrointestinal tract, it was found that patients with colorectal tumours were reactive, in a high percentage of tests, with extracts of gastric tumours, but gastric as well as oesophageal and pancreatic cancer patients' leukocytes only reacted occasionally with colorectal tumour extracts. In the follow-up study, a “positive” reactivity was still found 10–14 days after surgery in 27/31 patients. After more than 2 months, the frequency of “positive” reactivity decreased to 10/70 cases. Patients with local recurrence or metastases exhibited “positive” reactivity in 6/7 cases.
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  • 19
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Cellular and molecular life sciences 26 (1970), S. 1148-1149 
    ISSN: 1420-9071
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Under the same hormonal conditions, mammary gland growth in adult female rats is more pronounced than in males. Since there are no differences in the glandular development of both sexes, either at birth or at 30 days of life, it is assumed that male rats react less sensitively than female rats in response to a hormonal stimulus with regard to mammary gland growth. It is presumed that androgen influence during the differentiation stage is responsible for the fixation of a decreased sensitivity of the positive feedback-mechanism between estrogens and prolactin secretion in males. Thus changes in sensitivity would be the reason for mammary gland growth in males being smaller than in females under the same hormonal conditions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 20
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    European archives of psychiatry and clinical neuroscience 237 (1988), S. 91-100 
    ISSN: 1433-8491
    Keywords: Basilar artery stenosis ; Basilar artery occlusion ; Continuous-wave Doppler sonography
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary In the past 5 years we have investigated 29 patients with symptomatic basilar artery stenoses (14 cases) and occlusions (14) and a patent primitive trigeminal artery with thin-calibered basilar and vertebral arteries (1) using directional continuous-wave Doppler sonography of the vertebral arteries. A total of 19 patients survived, and 17 of them were clinically and sonographically reexamined after 40.4 ± 15.8 months (mean ± SD). Among the 8 patients with basilar stenoses, 6 — with no further transient ischemic attacks (TIAs) in the interval — exhibited an increase in the summed modified Pourcelot indices (relative end-diastolic flow velocities) of the vertebrals by 0.18 ± 0.16; the other 2 showed a decrease by 0.26 each, in 1 case temporally related to a TIA, in the 2nd case without further clinical deterioration. In the 8 survivors with basilar occlusions, 5 remained — by sonographic criteria — unchanged with summed modified Pourcelot indices of the vertebrals of 0.00, while 3 patients exhibited a slight increase in the summed modified Pourcelot indices of 0.13 ± 0.03. While the difference between the outcome of subsets of patients treated with regimens of 30,000–40,000 units heparin/day or phenprocoumon and less radical drugs were statistically not significant, the former regimen appeared clinically more efficacious in preventing further deterioration in approximately two-thirds of the patients affected. Due to the potential recurrence of neurological symptoms, a treatment period with phenprocoumon of 6 months after discharge from hospital appears justified. Due to these therapeutic efforts, approximately half of the patients initially affected survived with no or only a mild neurological deficit. Directional continuous-wave Doppler sonography is, in our opinion, a reliable technique for examining the short- and long-term changes in peripheral vascular resistance.
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